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460:, reported to his court that "it is not too much to say that he is tsar of all Russia" Ostermann's foreign policy was based upon the Austrian alliance. He had, therefore, guaranteed the Pragmatic Sanction with the deliberate intention of defending it. Hence the determination of France to remove him at any cost. Russia, as the natural ally of
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All the useful reforms introduced between 1730 and 1740 are to be attributed to his initiative. He improved the state of trade, lowered taxation, encouraged industry and promoted education, ameliorated the judicature and materially raised the credit of Russia. As foreign minister he was cautious and
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It now became evident to La
Chetardie that only a revolution would overthrow Osterman, and this he proposed to promote by elevating to the throne the tsesarevna Elizabeth, who hated the vice-chancellor because, though he owed everything to her father, he had systematically neglected her. Ostermann
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was by implicating Russia in hostilities with her ancient rival, Sweden, and this was brought about, by French influence and French money, when in August 1741 the
Swedish government, on the most frivolous pretexts, declared war against Russia. The dispositions previously made by Ostermann enabled
432:. Then he got his reward. His unique knowledge of foreign affairs made him indispensable to the empress and her counsellors, and even as to home affairs his advice was almost invariably followed. It was at his suggestion that the cabinet system was introduced into Russia.
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was therefore the first and the most illustrious victim of the coup d'état of 6 December 1741. Accused, among other things, of contributing to the elevation of the empress Anne by his cabals and of suppressing a supposed will of
Catherine I made in favour of her daughter
412:(1725–1727) Osterman's authority still further increased. The conduct of foreign affairs was left entirely in his hands, and he held also the posts of minister of commerce and postmaster-general. On the accession of
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with Sweden, and was created a baron for his services. In 1723, he was made vice-president of the ministry of foreign affairs for bringing about a very advantageous commercial treaty with
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A. N. Filippov, "Documents relating to the
Cabinet Ministers of the Empress Anne" (Rus.) (St Petersburg, 1898) in the collections of the Russ. Hist. Soc. vol. 104
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circumspect, but when war was necessary he prosecuted it vigorously and left nothing to chance. The successful conclusions of the
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and then beheaded; but, reprieved on the scaffold, his sentence was commuted to lifelong banishment, with his whole family, to
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Ostermann was appointed governor to the young emperor, and on his death (1730) he refused to participate in the attempt of
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401:. Peter also constantly consulted him in domestic affairs, and he introduced many administrative novelties, e.g. "the
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361:'s service. The young man's knowledge of the principal European languages made him the right hand of Vice-Chancellor
282:; 9 June 1686 – 31 May 1747) was a German-born Russian statesman who came to prominence under Tsar
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and absolute ruin. The most obvious method of rendering the
Russian alliance unserviceable to the queen of
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456:(October 1740-December 1741) Ostermann stood at the height of his power, and the French ambassador,
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468:; indeed it was only the accident of the Russian alliance which, in 1741, seemed to stand between
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668:, 1740–1742 (St Petersburg, 1893–1894) in the collections of the Russ. Hist. Soc. vols. 85 and 91
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him, however, to counter the blow, and all danger from Sweden was over when, early in
September,
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pastor, his original name was
Heinrich Johann Friedrich Ostermann. He studied languages at the
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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routed the
Swedish general von Wrangel under the walls of the frontier-fortress of
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537:(1781–97). After his death the Ostermann titles and estates passed to his nephew,
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562:. Vol. 26. Gulf Breeze, FL: Academic International Press. p. 145.
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385:, he advised Peter to put additional pressure on Sweden to force a peace.
369:(1711). Ostermann, together with General Bruce, represented Russia at the
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632:. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 357.
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to pick up promising young men, and soon thereafter entered the
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Ostermann's children returned to the court during the reign of
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in 1741. He based his foreign policy on the
Austrian alliance.
513:. His elder son, count Feodor Andreevich (1723–1804), was the
27:
Russian statesman, vice-chancellor of
Russian Empire (d. 1747)
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Count A. I. Ostermann and the proposed Partition of Turkey
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From the Lives of Russian Statesmen of the XVIIIth Century
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The Modern Encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet History
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in Siberia, where he died six years later, in 1747.
1155:18th-century politicians from the Russian Empire
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444:(1735–1739) were entirely due to his diplomacy.
373:peace congress of 1718. Shrewdly guessing that
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541:, chancellor of the Russian military orders.
349:. Ostermann became secretary to Vice-Admiral
1185:Ethnic German people from the Russian Empire
62:introducing citations to additional sources
525:(1725–1811), was the Russian ambassador in
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52:Relevant discussion may be found on the
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1130:Foreign ministers of the Russian Empire
700:Ostermanniana (website about Ostermann)
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156:Minister of Foreign Affairs of Russia
1170:Members of the Supreme Privy Council
1145:Emigrants from the Holy Roman Empire
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1150:Immigrants to the Tsardom of Russia
640:, "Count A. I. Osterman" (Rus.) in
280:Heinrich Johann Friedrich Ostermann
228:Heinrich Johann Friedrich Ostermann
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377:was at exhaustion point, and that
25:
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666:Diplomatic Despatches from Russia
620:Osterman, Andrei Ivanovich, Count
424:to convert Russia into a limited
393:In 1721, Ostermann concluded the
644:, vol. ii. (St Petersburg, 1863)
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485:, which was carried by assault.
45:relies largely or entirely on a
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1165:Diplomats of the Russian Empire
682:The Daughter of Peter the Great
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558:Wieczynski, Joseph L. (1982).
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185:Grand Duchess Anna Leopoldovna
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764:Vasily and Andrey Shchelkalov
684:(London, 1899), chapters 1–3.
676:The Pupils of Peter the Great
448:Vice-chancellor of all Russia
1180:Barons of the Russian Empire
1135:Counts of the Russian Empire
902:Andreas Eberhard von Budberg
529:and then, for 16 years, the
452:During the brief regency of
438:War of the Polish Succession
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539:Alexander Ivanovich Tolstoy
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301:(1740; dismissed 1741).
272:Андрей Иванович Остерман
852:Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin
629:Encyclopædia Britannica
458:Marquis de La Chetardie
440:(1733–1735) and of the
426:constitutional monarchy
1054:Aleksandr Bessmertnykh
977:Provisional Government
917:Karl Robert Nesselrode
897:Adam Jerzy Czartoryski
882:Nikita Petrovich Panin
862:Nikita Ivanovich Panin
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521:(1773). Another son,
410:Catherine I of Russia
990:Mikhail Tereshchenko
912:Ioannis Kapodistrias
872:Alexander Bezborodko
651:(Rus.) (Kazan, 1891)
408:During the reign of
317:, to a middle-class
295:Tsesarevna Elizabeth
58:improve this article
1066:Eduard Shevardnadze
1049:Eduard Shevardnadze
922:Alexander Gorchakov
892:Alexander Vorontsov
847:Aleksey Tcherkassky
804:Yemelyan Ukraintsev
657:A. A. Kochubinsky,
616:Bain, Robert Nisbet
511:Catherine the Great
500:broken on the wheel
496:Elizabeth of Russia
1140:People from Bochum
1076:Russian Federation
1029:Vyacheslav Molotov
952:Alexander Izvolsky
907:Nikolay Rumyantsev
857:Mikhailo Vorontsov
642:Syevernoye Siyanie
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418:Demetrius Galitzne
414:Peter II of Russia
379:Heinrich von Görtz
367:peace of the Pruth
323:University of Jena
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16:(Redirected from
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47:single source
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
1060:Boris Pankin
1058:
1014:Leon Trotsky
1006:Soviet Union
927:Nikolay Girs
841:
779:Almaz Ivanov
743:Soviet Union
703:(in Russian)
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638:S. Shubinsky
634:This cites:
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305:Early career
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204:Succeeded by
177:Empress Anna
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1125:1747 deaths
1120:1686 births
1094:Igor Ivanov
422:Dolgorukovs
383:ultra vires
325:, learning
246:31 May 1747
238:9 June 1686
192:Preceded by
1114:Categories
569:0875690645
531:Chancellor
315:Westphalia
234:1686-06-09
84:newspapers
618:(1911). "
527:Stockholm
389:Diplomacy
168:1734–1740
164:In office
54:talk page
741:and the
489:Downfall
430:autocrat
420:and the
363:Shafirov
319:Lutheran
309:Born in
173:Monarchs
626:(ed.).
613::
578:2114860
533:of the
515:senator
504:Berezov
474:Hungary
462:Austria
347:Russian
343:Italian
268:Russian
98:scholar
622:". In
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566:
519:Moscow
466:France
399:Persia
375:Sweden
345:, and
335:French
327:German
311:Bochum
276:German
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545:Notes
371:Åland
339:Dutch
331:Latin
261:Count
105:JSTOR
91:books
1004:the
574:OCLC
564:ISBN
359:tsar
243:Died
224:Born
77:news
1002:and
313:in
60:by
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