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Ancient Egyptian offering formula

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was a conventional dedicatory formula found on ancient Egyptian funerary objects, believed to allow the deceased to partake in offerings presented to the major deities in the name of the king, or in offerings presented directly to the deceased by family members. It is among the most common of all
1952:, or another deity. This part of the formula identifies the local funerary establishment that actually provided the offering; the offering is seen as being under the auspices of that establishment’s patron deity. The following phrase is a typical invocation of Osiris: 1623:
All ancient Egyptian offering formulas share the same basic structure, but there is a great deal of variety in which deities and offerings are mentioned, and which epithets and titles are used. Below is an example of a typical offering formula:
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which means "Osiris, the lord of Busiris, the great god, the lord of Abydos." There was apparently no set rule about what epithets were used; however, "Lord of Busiris," "Great God," and "Lord of Abydos" were very common. Also frequent were:
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meaning "He gives invocation offerings of bread, beer, oxen, birds, alabaster, clothing, and every good and pure thing upon which a god lives." Sometimes the text at the end of the list is replaced with the phrase:
1611:, coffins, and sometimes other funerary objects. Each person had their own name and titles put into the formula. The offering formula was not a royal prerogative like some of the other religious texts such as the 1933:; rather, it identifies the funerary offering as being royally authorized. Because the king was seen as an intermediary between the people of Egypt and the gods, the offering was made in his name. 1607:"an offering given by the king" is followed by the name of a deity and a list of offerings given. The offering formula is usually found carved or painted onto funerary stelae, 2742: 1565: 1867:"That he may give an invocation offering of bread, beer, oxen, birds, alabaster, clothing, and every good and pure thing upon which a god lives." 2735: 2713: 2226:
which means "He (or they, in the second example) give(s) invocation offerings." After this phrase, the list of offerings follows; for example:
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The offering formula shown on a funerary stela. On this particular stela, the formula begins on the first line and reads from right to left
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The last part of the offering formula lists the name and titles of the recipient of the invocation offerings. For example:
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Smither, Paul C. (1939). "The Writing of the ḤTP-DI-NSW Formula in the Middle and New Kingdoms".
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Franke, Detlef (2003). "The Middle Kingdom Offering Formulas – A Challenge".
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Next the formula names a god of the dead and several of his epithets. Usually the god is
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meaning "Anubis, he who is in front of his divine booth, he who is on his mountain."
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After the list of deities and their titles, the formula proceeds with a list of the
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Die Opferformel des Alten Reiches unter Berücksichtigung einiger später Formen
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Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs
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gives, the earth creates, the inundation brings, on which the god lives."
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dỉ=f prt-ḫrw t ḥnqt, kꜣw ꜣpdw, šs mnḥt ḫt nbt nfrt wꜥbt ꜥnḫt nṯr ỉm
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dỉ=f prt-ḫrw t ḥnqt, kꜣw ꜣpdw, šs mnḫt ḫt nbt nfrt wꜥbt ꜥnḫt nṯr ỉm
1514: 1331: 1147: 1132: 836: 831: 744: 682: 670: 603: 541: 359: 248: 144: 2820: 2566:. London, England: University of California Press. pp. 35–39. 4367: 4337: 4168: 4138: 4128: 4043: 3952: 3891: 3777: 3772: 3707: 3702: 3672: 3617: 3567: 3542: 3407: 3377: 3372: 3270: 3135: 3070: 3045: 1930: 1583: 1509: 1499: 1426: 1376: 1366: 1296: 1266: 1071: 1066: 999: 989: 962: 905: 856: 826: 687: 655: 650: 546: 399: 334: 309: 4201: 4148: 4073: 3978: 3921: 3916: 3859: 3844: 3829: 3752: 3737: 3717: 3712: 3657: 3642: 3622: 3587: 3517: 3492: 3472: 3462: 3452: 3437: 3427: 3422: 3290: 3265: 3255: 3190: 3175: 3160: 3090: 3085: 3060: 3055: 2995: 2980: 2947: 2932: 2922: 2912: 2907: 1941: 1937: 1459: 1421: 1411: 1391: 1301: 1186: 1157: 1142: 1127: 1044: 1029: 1009: 1004: 947: 932: 910: 873: 799: 774: 754: 734: 717: 707: 702: 566: 536: 531: 456: 441: 426: 354: 349: 324: 319: 273: 258: 225: 210: 200: 190: 185: 2094:
Anubis is seen less frequently than Osiris, and usually read,
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The offering formula always begins with the phrase:
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Egypt Exploration Society: 77–82. 4409:Ancient Egyptian funerary practices 13: 14: 4425: 4254:Enigmatic Book of the Netherworld 4249:The Contendings of Horus and Seth 2689: 4381: 4297:Beautiful Festival of the Valley 2819: 2609:Formula in the Middle Kingdom". 2563:How to Read Egyptian Hieroglyphs 1535: 49: 2662:Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 2640:Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 2611:Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 2536:Ancient Egyptian funerary texts 2531:Ancient Egyptian burial customs 1523:Church of the Most High Goddess 1846:n kꜣ n ỉmꜣḫy s-n-wsrt, mꜣꜥ-ḫrw 1: 2541: 1925:This phrase was in use since 1860:, the great god, the lord of 2018:wsỉr nb ḏdw, nṯr ꜥꜣ, nb ꜣbḏw 7: 4239:Book of Traversing Eternity 2514: 10: 4430: 4264:Litany of the Eye of Horus 2817: 2432: 2316: 2232: 2187: 2164: 2142:ỉnpw, ḫnty sḥ nṯr tpy ḏw=f 2100: 2032: 1958: 1890: 1769: 1700: 1630: 4376: 4330: 4307:Coronation of the pharaoh 4287: 4279:Spell of the Twelve Caves 4192: 4002: 3961: 3930: 3872: 3016: 3004: 2946: 2893: 2884: 2828: 2758: 2752:Ancient Egyptian religion 282: 224: 171: 4388:Ancient Egypt portal 4234:Book of the Heavenly Cow 2711:Telford, Mark Patrick, " 2695:O'Brien, Alexandra A., " 1542:Ancient Egypt portal 4089:Horus on the Crocodiles 2714:Death And The Afterlife 2493:n kꜣ n ỉmꜣḫy s-n-wsrt, 1618: 1600:Middle Egyptian texts. 4259:Great Hymn to the Aten 4039:Crown of justification 3763:Souls of Pe and Nekhen 3041:Amenhotep, son of Hapu 2876:Veneration of the dead 2698:Death in Ancient Egypt 2651:Lapp, Günther (1986). 1055:Souls of Pe and Nekhen 305:Amenhotep, son of Hapu 24: 2503:which means "for the 22: 2861:Opening of the mouth 3994:The Indestructibles 3798:Hermes Trismegistus 1215:Symbols and objects 1202:The Indestructibles 1092:Hermes Trismegistus 4414:Religious formulas 4207:Books of Breathing 3226:Four sons of Horus 2703:2004-02-03 at the 2560:Collier M (1998). 2521:Egyptian mythology 2511:, True of Voice." 1464:Books of Breathing 498:Four sons of Horus 25: 4396: 4395: 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1484: 1455:Funerary texts 1451: 1448: 1447: 1444: 1443: 1440: 1439: 1434: 1429: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1389: 1384: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1364: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1324: 1319: 1314: 1309: 1304: 1299: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1249: 1244: 1239: 1234: 1229: 1224: 1218: 1213: 1212: 1209: 1208: 1205: 1204: 1199: 1194: 1189: 1184: 1178: 1175: 1174: 1171: 1170: 1164: 1163: 1161: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1130: 1119: 1118: 1107: 1106: 1101: 1096: 1095: 1094: 1084: 1079: 1074: 1069: 1058: 1057: 1052: 1047: 1042: 1037: 1032: 1027: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1007: 1002: 997: 992: 987: 982: 977: 966: 965: 960: 955: 950: 945: 940: 935: 930: 925: 914: 913: 908: 903: 892: 891: 886: 881: 876: 865: 864: 859: 854: 849: 844: 839: 834: 829: 824: 813: 812: 807: 802: 797: 792: 787: 782: 777: 772: 767: 762: 757: 752: 747: 742: 737: 726: 725: 720: 715: 710: 705: 700: 695: 693:Khenti-Amentiu 690: 685: 674: 673: 668: 663: 658: 653: 648: 643: 638: 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4274:Pyramid Texts 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4229:Book of Gates 4227: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4219: 4215: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4203: 4200: 4199: 4197: 4195: 4191: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4174:Vulture crown 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4059:Egyptian pool 4057: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4011: 4009: 4007: 4001: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3967: 3966: 3964: 3960: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3935: 3933: 3929: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3897:Hieracosphinx 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3885: 3883: 3880: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3871: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3799: 3796: 3795: 3794: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3779: 3776: 3774: 3771: 3769: 3766: 3764: 3761: 3759: 3756: 3754: 3751: 3749: 3746: 3744: 3741: 3739: 3736: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3704: 3701: 3699: 3696: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3663:Renpetneferet 3661: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3621: 3619: 3616: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3569: 3566: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3539: 3536: 3534: 3531: 3529: 3526: 3524: 3521: 3519: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3509: 3506: 3504: 3501: 3499: 3496: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3479: 3476: 3474: 3471: 3469: 3466: 3464: 3461: 3459: 3456: 3454: 3451: 3449: 3446: 3444: 3441: 3439: 3436: 3434: 3431: 3429: 3426: 3424: 3421: 3419: 3416: 3414: 3411: 3409: 3406: 3404: 3401: 3399: 3396: 3394: 3391: 3389: 3386: 3384: 3381: 3379: 3376: 3374: 3371: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3361: 3359: 3356: 3354: 3351: 3349: 3346: 3344: 3341: 3339: 3336: 3334: 3331: 3327: 3324: 3323: 3322: 3319: 3317: 3314: 3312: 3309: 3307: 3304: 3302: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3207: 3204: 3202: 3199: 3197: 3194: 3192: 3189: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3177: 3174: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3149: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3104: 3102: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3077: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3062: 3059: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3019: 3018: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2945: 2939: 2936: 2934: 2931: 2929: 2926: 2924: 2921: 2919: 2916: 2914: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2892: 2889: 2887: 2883: 2877: 2874: 2872: 2869: 2867: 2864: 2862: 2859: 2857: 2854: 2852: 2849: 2847: 2844: 2842: 2839: 2837: 2834: 2833: 2831: 2827: 2822: 2812: 2809: 2807: 2804: 2802: 2799: 2797: 2794: 2792: 2789: 2787: 2784: 2782: 2779: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2767: 2764: 2763: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2746: 2741: 2739: 2734: 2732: 2727: 2726: 2723: 2716: 2715: 2710: 2707: 2706: 2702: 2699: 2694: 2693: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2658: 2654: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2603: 2602: 2594: 2590: 2584: 2582: 2580: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2565: 2564: 2556: 2554: 2552: 2547: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2526:Egyptian soul 2524: 2522: 2519: 2518: 2512: 2510: 2506: 2497: 2496: 2491: 2478: 2475: 2466: 2463: 2460: 2457: 2454: 2449: 2446: 2439: 2438: 2435: 2434: 2431: 2430: 2429: 2428: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2413: 2410: 2399: 2396: 2393: 2388: 2381: 2378: 2371: 2368: 2362: 2359: 2356: 2350: 2343: 2338: 2333: 2328: 2323: 2322: 2319: 2318: 2315: 2314: 2313: 2312: 2311: 2303: 2300: 2289: 2286: 2283: 2278: 2273: 2268: 2263: 2258: 2255: 2252: 2247: 2244: 2239: 2238: 2235: 2234: 2231: 2230: 2229: 2228: 2227: 2220: 2219:dỉ=sn prt-ḫrw 2216: 2213: 2202: 2197: 2194: 2193: 2190: 2189: 2176: 2171: 2170: 2167: 2166: 2163: 2162: 2161: 2160: 2159: 2157: 2156: 2150: 2143: 2140: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2115: 2112: 2107: 2106: 2103: 2102: 2099: 2098: 2097: 2096: 2095: 2091: 2088:of the West, 2087: 2078: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2057: 2054: 2051: 2048: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2038: 2035: 2034: 2031: 2030: 2029: 2028: 2027: 2019: 2016: 2003: 2000: 1997: 1994: 1991: 1988: 1985: 1980: 1977: 1974: 1971: 1968: 1965: 1964: 1961: 1960: 1957: 1956: 1955: 1954: 1953: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1934: 1932: 1928: 1919: 1916: 1905: 1900: 1897: 1896: 1893: 1892: 1889: 1888: 1887: 1886: 1885: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1854: 1853: 1852: 1847: 1844: 1842: 1839: 1837: 1834: 1833: 1832: 1831: 1815: 1812: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1786: 1783: 1776: 1775: 1772: 1771: 1768: 1757: 1754: 1751: 1746: 1741: 1736: 1731: 1726: 1723: 1720: 1715: 1712: 1707: 1706: 1703: 1702: 1699: 1686: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1663: 1660: 1657: 1654: 1651: 1648: 1645: 1640: 1637: 1636: 1633: 1632: 1629: 1628: 1627: 1626: 1625: 1616: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1601: 1598: 1596: 1591: 1590: 1585: 1581: 1569: 1564: 1562: 1557: 1555: 1550: 1549: 1547: 1546: 1543: 1533: 1532: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1497: 1491: 1490: 1482: 1481: 1480:Book of Gates 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1456: 1453: 1452: 1446: 1445: 1438: 1435: 1433: 1430: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1317:Hieracosphinx 1315: 1313: 1310: 1308: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1282:Egyptian pool 1280: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1247:Book of Thoth 1245: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1219: 1216: 1211: 1210: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1179: 1173: 1172: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1125: 1124: 1123: 1117: 1114: 1113: 1112: 1111: 1105: 1102: 1100: 1097: 1093: 1090: 1089: 1088: 1085: 1083: 1080: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1065: 1064: 1063: 1062: 1056: 1053: 1051: 1048: 1046: 1043: 1041: 1038: 1036: 1033: 1031: 1028: 1026: 1023: 1021: 1018: 1016: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1006: 1003: 1001: 998: 996: 993: 991: 988: 986: 983: 981: 978: 976: 973: 972: 971: 970: 964: 961: 959: 956: 954: 953:Renpetneferet 951: 949: 946: 944: 941: 939: 936: 934: 931: 929: 926: 924: 921: 920: 919: 918: 912: 909: 907: 904: 902: 899: 898: 897: 896: 890: 887: 885: 882: 880: 877: 875: 872: 871: 870: 869: 863: 860: 858: 855: 853: 850: 848: 845: 843: 840: 838: 835: 833: 830: 828: 825: 823: 820: 819: 818: 817: 811: 808: 806: 803: 801: 798: 796: 793: 791: 788: 786: 783: 781: 778: 776: 773: 771: 768: 766: 763: 761: 758: 756: 753: 751: 748: 746: 743: 741: 738: 736: 733: 732: 731: 730: 724: 721: 719: 716: 714: 711: 709: 706: 704: 701: 699: 696: 694: 691: 689: 686: 684: 681: 680: 679: 678: 672: 669: 667: 664: 662: 659: 657: 654: 652: 649: 647: 644: 642: 639: 637: 634: 632: 629: 627: 624: 622: 619: 618: 617: 616: 610: 607: 605: 602: 598: 595: 594: 593: 590: 588: 585: 583: 580: 578: 575: 573: 570: 568: 565: 563: 560: 558: 555: 553: 550: 548: 545: 543: 540: 538: 535: 533: 530: 528: 525: 523: 520: 519: 518: 517: 511: 508: 507: 506: 505: 499: 496: 495: 494: 493: 487: 484: 482: 479: 478: 477: 476: 470: 467: 466: 465: 464: 458: 455: 453: 450: 448: 445: 443: 440: 438: 435: 433: 430: 428: 425: 423: 420: 418: 415: 414: 413: 412: 406: 403: 401: 398: 396: 393: 391: 388: 386: 383: 381: 378: 376: 373: 371: 368: 366: 363: 361: 358: 356: 353: 351: 348: 346: 343: 341: 338: 336: 333: 331: 328: 326: 323: 321: 318: 316: 313: 311: 308: 306: 303: 301: 298: 296: 293: 291: 288: 287: 286: 281: 275: 272: 270: 267: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 237: 235: 232: 231: 229: 227: 223: 217: 214: 212: 209: 207: 204: 202: 199: 197: 194: 192: 189: 187: 184: 182: 179: 178: 176: 174: 170: 163: 159: 154: 153: 146: 143: 141: 138: 136: 132: 129: 127: 124: 123: 117: 116: 109: 106: 104: 101: 99: 96: 92: 89: 88: 87: 84: 82: 79: 77: 74: 72: 69: 67: 64: 63: 57: 56: 52: 48: 47: 44: 38: 37: 33: 29: 28: 21: 4322:Sed festival 4312:Min festival 4302:Cattle count 4269:Litany of Re 4244:Coffin Texts 4216: 4159:Solar barque 4099:Imiut fetish 4094:Hypocephalus 4079:Hemhem crown 4064:Eye of Horus 3989:Land of Manu 3943:Djadjaemankh 3824: 3814: 3767: 3677: 3627: 3607: 3582: 3538:Nebethetepet 3532: 3447: 3418:Khenti-kheti 3397: 3337: 3240: 3236:Gate deities 3230: 3220: 3205: 3195: 3145: 3020: 3010:Theban Triad 2855: 2836:Canopic jars 2712: 2696: 2665: 2661: 2652: 2643: 2639: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2592: 2561: 2502: 2492: 2425: 2418: 2411: 2308: 2301: 2225: 2218: 2215:dỉ=f prt-ḫrw 2214: 2153: 2151: 2148: 2141: 2092:of Eternity" 2083: 2069: 2024: 2017: 1935: 1927:Old Egyptian 1924: 1917: 1883: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1622: 1613:Litany of Re 1603:Its incipit 1602: 1594: 1593: 1588: 1587: 1579: 1577: 1458: 1327:Imiut fetish 1322:Hypocephalus 1307:Hemhem crown 1287:Eye of Horus 1197:Land of Manu 1121: 1120: 1109: 1108: 1060: 1059: 968: 967: 916: 915: 894: 893: 867: 866: 822:Nebethetepet 815: 814: 728: 727: 698:Khenti-kheti 676: 675: 614: 613: 515: 514: 510:Gate deities 503: 502: 491: 490: 474: 473: 462: 461: 410: 409: 284: 134: 4348:Hermeticism 4179:Was-sceptre 4006:and objects 3483:Mehet-Weret 3326:Harpocrates 3156:Banebdjedet 3121:Arensnuphis 2801:Osiris myth 1609:false doors 1605:ḥtp-ḏj-nswt 1595:ḥtp-ḏj-nswt 1505:Hermeticism 1432:Was-sceptre 1387:Seqtet boat 765:Mehet-Weret 597:Harpocrates 422:Banebdjedet 385:Arensnuphis 4403:Categories 4343:Gnosticism 4184:Winged sun 4029:Corn mummy 3931:Characters 3855:Werethekau 3693:Sebiumeker 3503:Meretseger 3368:Ikhemu-sek 3306:Hermanubis 2806:Philosophy 2796:Numerology 2607:ḥtp-dỉ-nsw 2542:References 1918:ḥtp dỉ nsw 1589:ḥtp-ḏỉ-nsw 1515:Kemeticism 1437:Winged sun 1402:Set animal 1342:Matet boat 1257:Corn mummy 1153:Werethekau 985:Sebiumeker 785:Meretseger 646:Ikhemu-sek 582:Hermanubis 486:Duau (god) 103:Philosophy 98:Numerology 4289:Festivals 4154:Shen ring 4134:Ouroboros 4069:Eye of Ra 4024:Cartouche 3962:Locations 3907:Serpopard 3874:Creatures 3805:Tjenenyet 3788:Ta-Bitjet 3733:Shesmetet 3653:Renenutet 3638:Raet-Tawy 3558:Nehmetawy 3508:Meskhenet 3276:Hedjhotep 3131:Assessors 2829:Practices 2791:Mythology 2786:Maa Kheru 2766:Afterlife 2509:Senwosret 2084:meaning " 1876:Senwosret 1870:"For the 1407:Shen ring 1397:Serpopard 1372:Ouroboros 1292:Eye of Ra 1252:Cartouche 1176:Locations 1099:Tjenenyet 1082:Ta-Bitjet 1025:Shesmetet 943:Renenutet 928:Raet-Tawy 842:Nehmetawy 790:Meskhenet 552:Hedjhotep 395:Assessors 131:Offerings 120:Practices 86:Mythology 71:Cosmology 66:Afterlife 4353:Kemetism 4194:Writings 4104:Khepresh 3948:Rededjet 3850:Wepwawet 3835:Wadj-wer 3553:Nehebkau 3548:Nefertem 3468:Mandulis 3403:Kebechet 3393:Iusaaset 3311:Heryshaf 3261:Hatmehit 3096:Apedemak 2971:Nephthys 2866:Pyramids 2846:Funerals 2701:Archived 2646:: 39–57. 2591:(2010). 2515:See also 1950:Wepwawet 1332:Khepresh 1148:Wepwawet 1133:Wadj-wer 837:Nehebkau 832:Nefertem 745:Mandulis 683:Kebechet 671:Iusaaset 604:Heryshaf 542:Hatmehit 360:Apedemak 249:Nephthys 145:Pyramids 126:Funerals 43:religion 32:a series 30:Part of 4368:Thelema 4338:Atenism 4169:Ushabti 4139:Pschent 4129:Neshmet 4044:Deshret 4004:Symbols 3953:Ubaoner 3892:Griffin 3778:Taweret 3773:Tatenen 3708:Serapis 3703:Sekhmet 3673:Resheph 3618:Qed-her 3568:Nekhbet 3543:Nebtuwi 3408:Khensit 3378:Imhotep 3373:Imentet 3271:Hedetet 3136:Astarte 3071:Andjety 3046:Amesemi 2886:Deities 2871:Temples 2759:Beliefs 2682:3854927 2631:3854561 2495:mꜣꜥ-ḫrw 2155:prt-ḫrw 1858:Busiris 1597:formula 1586:as the 1584:incipit 1510:Thelema 1500:Atenism 1427:Ushabti 1377:Pschent 1367:Neshmet 1297:Griffin 1267:Deshret 1072:Taweret 1067:Tatenen 1000:Serapis 990:Sekhmet 963:Resheph 906:Qed-her 857:Nekhbet 827:Nebtuwi 688:Khensit 656:Imhotep 651:Imentet 547:Hedetet 400:Astarte 335:Andjety 310:Amesemi 158:Deities 140:Temples 60:Beliefs 4202:Amduat 4149:Serekh 4144:Scarab 4074:Hedjet 3979:Benben 3922:Uraeus 3917:Sphinx 3902:Medjed 3860:Wosret 3845:Wepset 3830:Wadjet 3753:Sopdet 3738:Shezmu 3718:Seshat 3713:Serket 3658:Renpet 3643:Rekhyt 3623:Qetesh 3588:Pakhet 3518:Mnevis 3493:Menhit 3473:Medjed 3463:Mafdet 3453:Maahes 3438:Khonsu 3428:Kherty 3423:Khepri 3291:Hemsut 3266:Hauron 3256:Hathor 3191:Buchis 3176:Ba-Pef 3161:Bastet 3091:Anuket 3086:Anubis 3061:Amu-Aa 3056:Am-heh 3005:Triads 2996:Tefnut 2981:Osiris 2948:Ennead 2933:Naunet 2923:Kauket 2913:Hauhet 2908:Amunet 2895:Ogdoad 2680:  2629:  1942:Anubis 1938:Osiris 1862:Abydos 1460:Amduat 1422:Uraeus 1412:Sphinx 1392:Serekh 1382:Scarab 1347:Medjed 1302:Hedjet 1187:Benben 1158:Wosret 1143:Wepset 1128:Wadjet 1045:Sopdet 1030:Shezmu 1010:Seshat 1005:Serket 948:Renpet 933:Rekhyt 911:Qetesh 874:Pakhet 800:Mnevis 775:Menhit 755:Mafdet 750:Medjed 735:Maahes 718:Khonsu 708:Kherty 703:Khepri 567:Hemsut 537:Hathor 532:Hauron 457:Buchis 442:Ba-Pef 427:Bastet 355:Anuket 350:Anubis 325:Amu-Aa 320:Am-heh 274:Tefnut 259:Osiris 226:Ennead 211:Naunet 201:Kauket 191:Hauhet 186:Amunet 173:Ogdoad 4124:Nemes 4114:Menat 4109:Kneph 4084:Hennu 3974:Akhet 3840:Weneg 3793:Thoth 3758:Sopdu 3748:Sobek 3698:Seker 3688:Satis 3668:Repyt 3613:Qebui 3598:Petbe 3593:Perit 3578:Neper 3573:Nemty 3563:Neith 3523:Montu 3498:Meret 3488:Mehit 3478:Mehen 3458:Ma'at 3433:Khnum 3388:Iunit 3343:Iabet 3321:Horus 3316:Hesat 3301:Heqet 3296:Henet 3286:Hemen 3211:Dedun 3181:Bennu 3081:Anput 3076:Anhur 3051:Ammit 3036:Akhty 2776:Isfet 2678:JSTOR 2627:JSTOR 2073:ỉmnt 1449:Texts 1362:Nemes 1352:Menat 1337:Kneph 1312:Hennu 1138:Weneg 1087:Thoth 1050:Sopdu 1040:Sobek 995:Seker 980:Satis 958:Repyt 901:Qebui 884:Petbe 879:Perit 862:Neper 852:Nemty 847:Neith 805:Montu 780:Meret 770:Mehit 760:Mehen 740:Ma'at 713:Khnum 666:Iunit 621:Iabet 592:Horus 587:Hesat 577:Heqet 572:Henet 562:Hemen 481:Dedun 447:Bennu 345:Anput 340:Anhur 315:Ammit 300:Akhty 91:Index 81:Ma'at 4164:Tyet 4119:Nebu 4049:Djed 4019:Atef 4014:Ankh 3984:Duat 3969:Aaru 3938:Dedi 3887:Abtu 3882:Aani 3820:Unut 3810:Tutu 3783:Tayt 3728:Shed 3723:Shai 3603:Ptah 3358:Igai 3281:Heka 3251:Hapi 3171:Bata 3151:Babi 3141:Aten 3116:Aqen 3106:Apis 3101:Apep 3066:Anat 3031:Aker 3026:Aati 2966:Isis 2956:Atum 2903:Amun 2811:Soul 2781:Maat 2090:Lord 2086:Lord 1931:king 1619:Text 1578:The 1417:Tyet 1357:Nebu 1272:Djed 1242:Atet 1237:Atef 1232:Ankh 1227:Abtu 1222:Aani 1192:Duat 1182:Aaru 1116:Unut 1104:Tutu 1077:Tayt 1020:Shed 1015:Shai 889:Ptah 636:Igai 557:Heka 527:Hapi 437:Bata 417:Babi 405:Aten 380:Aqen 370:Apis 365:Apep 330:Anat 295:Aker 290:Aati 244:Isis 234:Atum 181:Amun 162:list 108:Soul 76:Duat 3912:Sha 3743:Sia 3683:Sah 3648:Rem 3528:Mut 3513:Min 3383:Ipy 3363:Ihy 3353:Iat 3348:Iah 3186:Bes 3166:Bat 3126:Ash 3111:Apt 2991:Shu 2986:Set 2976:Nut 2961:Geb 2928:Kek 2918:Heh 2670:doi 2619:doi 2421:sky 2077:nḥḥ 1946:Geb 1592:or 1035:Sia 975:Sah 938:Rem 810:Mut 795:Min 661:Ipy 641:Ihy 631:Iat 626:Iah 452:Bes 432:Bat 390:Ash 375:Apt 269:Shu 264:Set 254:Nut 239:Geb 206:Kek 196:Heh 4405:: 3633:Ra 3333:Hu 3246:Ha 2938:Nu 2717:". 2708:". 2676:. 2666:25 2664:. 2644:89 2642:. 2625:. 2615:27 2613:. 2572:^ 2550:^ 2505:ka 2075:nb 2071:nb 1948:, 1940:, 1872:ka 1864:." 1521:• 1478:• 1474:• 1470:• 1466:• 1462:• 923:Ra 609:Hu 522:Ha 216:Nu 133:: 34:on 3825:W 3815:U 3768:T 3678:S 3628:R 3608:Q 3583:P 3533:N 3448:M 3398:K 3338:I 3241:H 3231:G 3221:F 3206:D 3196:C 3146:B 3021:A 2744:e 2737:t 2730:v 2684:. 2672:: 2633:. 2621:: 1567:e 1560:t 1553:v 1525:) 1517:( 1483:) 1457:( 1122:W 1110:U 1061:T 969:S 917:R 895:Q 868:P 816:N 729:M 677:K 615:I 516:H 504:G 492:F 475:D 463:C 411:B 285:A 164:) 160:(

Index


a series
Ancient Egyptian religion
Eye of Horus
Afterlife
Cosmology
Duat
Ma'at
Mythology
Index
Numerology
Philosophy
Soul
Funerals
Offerings
Offering formula
Temples
Pyramids
Deities
list
Ogdoad
Amun
Amunet
Hauhet
Heh
Kauket
Kek
Naunet
Nu
Ennead

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