1413:
the midst of the festivities
Ishmael slew the unsuspecting Gedaliah, the Chaldean garrison stationed in Mizpah, and all the Jews that were with him, casting their bodies into the pit of Asa (Josephus, "Ant." x. 9, § 4). The Rabbis condemn the overconfidence of Gedaliah, holding him responsible for the death of his followers (Niddah 61a; comp. Jer. xli. 9). Ishmael captured many of the inhabitants of Mizpah, as well as "the daughters of the king" entrusted to Gedaliah's care by the Babylonian general, and fled to Ammon. Johanan and his followers, however, on receiving the sad tidings, immediately pursued the murderers, overtaking them at the lake of Gibeon. The captives were rescued, but Ishmael and eight of his men escaped to the land of Ammon. The plan of Baalis thus succeeded, for the Jewish refugees, fearing lest the Babylonian king should hold them responsible for the murder, never returned to their native land. In spite of the exhortations of Jeremiah they fled to Egypt, joined by the remnant of the Jews that had survived, together with Jeremiah and Baruch (Jer. xliii. 6). The rule of Gedaliah lasted, according to tradition, only two months, although Grätz argues that it continued more than four years.
769:
59:
980:
330:
1707:
615:
279:
294:
2530:
1156:
ahash, king of
Ammonites would put hard pressure on the descendants of Gad and the descendants of Ruben and would gouge everyone's right eye out, but no res(cuer) would be provided for Israel and there was not left anyone among the children of Israel in the Tr(ans Jordan) whose right eye Nahash the
2239:
was one of the four men who pretended to be gods. He was persuaded thereto particularly by the princes, who said to him. "Wert thou not a god thou couldst not come out alive from the Holy of Holies" (Ex R. viii. 3). He was assassinated by two of his servants, one of whom was the son of an
Ammonite
1412:
through
Johanan, son of Kareah, and Johanan undertook to slay Ishmael before he had had time to carry out his evil design; but the governor disbelieved the report, and forbade Johanan to lay hands upon the conspirator. Ishmael and his ten companions were royally entertained at Gedaliah's table. In
1297:
The biblical narrative has traditionally been considered literal fact, but is now generally interpreted as recording a gross popular irony by which the
Israelites expressed their loathing of the morality of the Moabites and Ammonites. It has been doubted, however, whether the Israelites would have
1322:
had inflicted a crushing defeat upon the
Ammonites, Jewish warriors took Ammonite women as wives, and their sons, sword in hand, claimed recognition as Jews notwithstanding the law (Deut. 23) that "an Ammonite or a Moabite shall not enter into the congregation of the Lord." Such a condition or a
1382:
of kindness. Deut. 23:5: "Because they did not greet you with bread and water on the way when you left Egypt, and because he hired Balaam the son of Beor from Pethor in Aram
Naharaim against you, to curse you." Rashi notes regarding Israel's travels on the way: "when you were in extreme
1408:, "of the royal seed," to make an end of the Judean rule in Palestine, Ishmael, being an unscrupulous character, permitted himself to become the tool of the Ammonite king in order to realize his own ambition to become the ruler of the deserted land. Information of this conspiracy reached
1029:, dispossessing them and dwelling in their place. Their territory originally comprising all from the Jordan to the wilderness, and from the River Jabbok south to the River Arnon. It was accounted a land of giants; and that giants formerly dwelt in it, whom the Ammonites called Zamzummim.
1351:, the prophet, and his bet din (court of justice), that the law excluding the Ammonite and Moabite from the Jewish congregation referred only to the men—who alone had sinned in not meeting Israel with bread and water—and not to the women. The story reflects actual conditions in pre-
1378:, the Ammonitess, for honorable distinction. Ruth's kindness as noted in the Book of Ruth by Boaz is seen in the Jewish Tradition as in rare contradistinction to the peoples of Moab (where Ruth comes from) and Amon in general, who were noted by the Torah for their distinct
1278:. The men had married women of the various nations without conversion, which made the children not Jewish. They also joined the Syrians in their wars with the Maccabees and were defeated by Judas. The "sons of Ammon" would be subject to Israel during the time of the
1051:
Throughout the Bible, the
Ammonites and the Israelites are portrayed as mutual antagonists. During the Exodus, the Israelites were prohibited by the Ammonites from passing through their lands. This mistreatment is one of the reasons given for why the
1393:. He was assassinated by two of his servants, one of whom was the son of an Ammonite woman and the other the offspring of a Moabite (2 Chron. 24:26); for God said: "Let the descendants of the two ungrateful families chastise the ungrateful Joash" (
1519:
The economy, for the most part, was based on agriculture and herding. Most people lived in small villages surrounded by farms and pastures. Like its sister-kingdom of Moab, Ammon was the source of numerous natural resources, including
1113:, and were told by Nahash that they had a choice of death (by the sword) or having their right eyes gouged out. The population obtained seven days' grace from Nahash, during which they would be allowed to seek help from the
1048:. The Ammonites were driven from the rich lands near the Jordan and retreated to the mountains and valleys to the east. The invasion of the Amorites created a wedge and separated the two kingdoms of Ammon and Moab.
1157:
king of
Ammonites did not gouge out but be(hold) seven thousand men (escaped the power of) Ammonites and they arrived at (Ya)besh Gilead. About a month later Nahash the Ammonite went up and besieged Jabesh-Gilead.
1389:
was one of the four men who pretended to be gods. He was persuaded thereto particularly by the princes, who said to him. "Wert thou not a god thou couldst not come out alive from the Holy of Holies"
1244:. Their hostility to Judah is shown in their joining the Chaldeans to destroy it. Their cruelty is denounced by the prophet Amos and their destruction (with their return in the future) by
3575:
3570:
2601:
1289:
states that "Moab will assuredly be like Sodom, and the sons of Ammon like
Gomorrah—Ground overgrown with weeds and full of salt mines, and a permanent desolation." (Zephaniah 2:9).
1161:
This eventually led to an alliance with Saul. Under his command, the Israelites relieved the siege and defeated the Ammonite king, eventually resulting in the formation of the
1117:, after which they would have to submit to the terms of surrender. The occupants sought help from the people of Israel, sending messengers throughout the whole territory, and
1079:, the Ammonites occupied the lands east of the River Jordan and started to invade Israelite lands west of the river. Jephthah became the leader in resisting these incursions.
1176:, the capital of Ammon. The war ended with all the Ammonite cities being conquered and plundered, and the inhabitants being killed or put to forced labor at David's command.
1002:
with his younger daughter who plotted with her sister to intoxicate Lot and, in his inebriated state, have intercourse with him to become pregnant. Ben-Ammi literally means "
245:
2486:
2594:
918:, or suffered a rapid decline following Judah's destruction by that king. Newer evidence suggests that Ammon enjoyed continuity from the Neo-Babylonian to the
2333:
The other three were Pharaoh; Hiram and Nebuchadnezzar (Louis Ginzberg's The Legends of the Jews From Moses to Esther; Notes for Volumes Three and Four(p.423)
1610:
784:
The Ammonites occupied the northern Central Trans-Jordanian Plateau from the latter part of the second millennium BC to at least the second century AD.
922:
period of 550 to 330 BC. One reason includes Ammon becoming a Babylonian province, shortly after being devastated by Nebuchadnezzar II in the 580s BC.
1172:, the Ammonites humiliated David's messengers, and hired the Aramean armies to attack Israel. This eventually ended in a war and a year-long siege of
2587:
1082:
The constant harassment of the Israelite communities east of the Jordan by the Ammonites was the impetus behind the unification of the tribes under
1260:
was a dastardly act. They may have regained their old territory when Tiglath-pileser carried off the Israelites east of the Jordan into captivity.
1548:. As with the Edomites and Moabites, trade along this route gave them considerable revenue. Circa 950 BC Ammon showed rising prosperity, due to
1198:
When the Arameans of Damascus city-state deprived the Kingdom of Israel of their possessions east of the Jordan, the Ammonites became allies of
2359:
1225:
of Judah. The coalition later was thrown to confusion, with the armies slaughtering one another. They were subdued and paid tribute to Jotham.
1314:, presented a serious problem to the Pharisaic scribes because many marriages with Ammonite and Moabite wives had taken place in the days of
995:
1722:
869:
2086:
1876:
643:
537:
1727:
791:(10th to 7th centuries BC) by paying tribute to the Assyrian kings at a time when that Empire raided or conquered nearby kingdoms. The
2507:
1404:
Baalis, king of the Ammonites, envious of the Jewish colony's prosperity, or jealous of the might of the Babylonian king, instigated
2574:
523:
58:
1675:
2519:
2496:
2465:
1783:
2066:
1148:, an introductory passage, preceding this narrative, was found in a copy of the Books of Samuel among the scrolls found in
2570:
2454:
Younker, Randall W. (1999). "Review of Archaeological Research in Ammon". In Burton MacDonald; Randall W. Younker (eds.).
1900:"The Kingdoms of Ammon, Moab, and Edom: The Archaeology of Society in Late Bronze/Iron Age Transjordan (ca. 1400–500 BCE)"
3247:
1641:"The Kingdoms of Ammon, Moab and Edom: The Archaeology of Society in Late Bronze/Iron Age Transjordan (ca. 1400–500 BCE)"
1162:
3580:
3550:
3524:
1298:
directed such irony to Lot himself, particularly because incest was not explicitly forbidden or stigmatized until the
3560:
3555:
2382:
2055:
1870:
1652:
1614:
1587:
861:). An Assyrian tribute-list exists from this period, showing that Ammon paid one-fifth as much tribute as Judah did.
768:
1455:, for "work". The only other notable difference with Biblical Hebrew is the sporadic retention of feminine singular
1374:; but it was adduced as an illustration of divine Providence which selected the "two doves," Ruth, the Moabite, and
344:
1267:
to oppose Nehemiah, and their opposition to the Jews did not cease with the establishment of the latter in Judea.
1582:
636:
1618:
603:
598:
1930:
1359:: "Ammonite and Moabite men are excluded from the Jewish community for all time; their women are admissible."
2611:
1907:
1274:
because many marriages between Israelite men and Ammonite (and Moabite) women had taken place in the days of
929:, the Ammonites and their neighboring tribes are noted for having resisted the revival of Jewish power under
1121:, a herdsman at this time, responded by raising an army which decisively defeated Nahash and his cohorts at
914:(626 to 539 BC). This contradicts the view, dominant for decades, that Transjordan was either destroyed by
2579:
2010:
1640:
3468:
3242:
1529:
804:
578:
562:
380:
2423:"The Religion of the Ammonites: A Specimen of Levantine Religion from the Iron Age II (Ca. 1000–500 BC)"
1976:
2623:
1496:
629:
309:
3585:
1480:
583:
532:
518:
2247:; for God said: "Let the descendants of the two ungrateful families chastise the ungrateful Joash" (
1010:, Lot's daughters' plot resulted in them conceiving and giving birth to Ammon and his half-brother,
1405:
1375:
1180:
2726:
2548:
1569:
1344:
926:
763:
542:
2202:
2117:
2106:
1768:"The City State of Jerusalem in the Neo-Babylonian Empire: Evidence from the Surrounding States"
2183:
1370:, was born of an Ammonite woman also made it difficult to maintain the messianic claims of the
1328:
1264:
692:
547:
27:
2543:
2322:
2078:
1860:
1310:
The Ammonites, still numerous in the south of Palestine in the second century CE according to
3272:
3220:
2869:
2252:
2172:
2161:
1767:
1476:
1398:
911:
904:
896:
527:
2835:
2455:
2213:
2198:
2150:
1712:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
3344:
3338:
2884:
2751:
2342:
2224:
2187:
2128:
1110:
1045:
865:
476:
2399:
1556:, and built a series of fortresses. Its capital was located in what is now the Citadel of
971:(§ 119), in the second century CE; Justin affirms that they were still a numerous people.
8:
3407:
3369:
3215:
1432:
1327:, the legitimacy of David's claim to royalty was disputed on account of his descent from
1233:
1229:
1068:
949:
mentions in the 5th century BC as an Ammonite (ii. 19) from the east-Jordanian district.
832:
788:
201:
1105:, which lay outside the territory he laid claim to. Having subjected the occupants to a
3458:
2374:
2370:
1845:
1820:
1323:
similar incident is reflected in the story told in the Talmud that in the days of King
1279:
1007:
107:
2776:
2139:
3473:
3448:
3156:
2631:
2515:
2492:
2461:
2378:
2025:
1866:
1779:
1648:
1422:
1299:
1286:
919:
915:
796:
703:
660:
467:
462:
457:
411:
318:
93:
3565:
3483:
3453:
3427:
3257:
3035:
2998:
2434:
1812:
1671:
1444:
1440:
1386:
1203:
1137:
930:
884:
816:
487:
184:
97:
979:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3438:
2798:
2689:
1763:
1436:
1319:
1211:
1087:
934:
812:
683:
668:
593:
557:
482:
283:
175:
1862:
The Roman Frontier in Central Jordan: Final Report on the Limes Arabicus Project
984:
910:
Archaeology and history indicate that Ammon flourished during the period of the
3545:
3519:
3419:
3252:
3009:
2919:
2879:
2859:
2711:
2651:
2539:
2244:
2236:
2044:
Qumran Cave 4 – XII, 1-2 Samuel (Discoveries in the Judaean Desert Series, XVII
1528:. It had a productive agricultural sector and occupied a vital place along the
1282:
1145:
1136:
of Nahash. A more complete explanation came to light with the discovery of the
1122:
1060:
999:
953:
792:
552:
492:
452:
416:
2256:
3539:
3324:
3168:
2934:
2793:
2534:
2029:
1996:
1718:
1713:
1574:
1311:
1102:
1098:
1067:
of Moab in attacking Israel. The Ammonites maintained their claim to part of
964:
942:
888:
824:
777:
773:
619:
472:
447:
82:
2924:
1961:
1731:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 863–864.
329:
3423:
3415:
3136:
3130:
3004:
2987:
2963:
2894:
2830:
2641:
2609:
1492:
1371:
1202:, and a contingent of 1,000 of them served as allies of Syria in the great
1149:
1064:
991:
880:
743:
707:
1128:
The strangely cruel terms given by Nahash for surrender were explained by
3287:
3198:
3188:
3044:
2973:
2904:
2899:
2731:
1837:
1776:
By the Irrigation Canals of Babylon: Approaches to the Study of the Exile
1771:
1549:
1537:
1495:
and material evidence. In general it appears to have been rather typical
1340:
1241:
1237:
1222:
895:; Hissalel reigned about 620 BC, and is mentioned in an inscription on a
840:
588:
513:
297:
2533: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
2488:
The Ammonites: Elites, Empires, and Sociopolitical Change (1000–500 BCE)
2439:
2422:
2042:
Frank Moore Cross, Donald W. Parry, Richard J. Saley and Eugene Ulrich,
1431:, both from the Bible. The Ammonites' language is believed to be in the
1427:
The few Ammonite names that have been preserved also include Nahash and
3443:
3375:
3356:
3173:
2941:
2849:
2771:
2681:
2636:
1824:
1545:
1504:
1169:
1141:
1114:
1033:
1026:
851:
711:
508:
431:
406:
349:
3503:
3433:
3361:
3299:
3292:
3267:
3203:
3183:
3178:
3049:
3020:
2914:
2874:
2736:
1525:
1521:
1491:
Sources for what little is known of Ammonite religion are mostly the
1336:
1271:
1253:
1199:
820:
421:
390:
3092:
3068:
2400:"The Tell Siran inscription. Linguistic and historical implications"
1816:
1191:
as having borne a child. She was the mother of Solomon's successor,
994:
is in Genesis 19:37-38. It is stated there that they descended from
875:) was among the tributaries who suffered in the course of the great
3390:
3350:
3162:
3148:
2992:
2952:
2946:
2700:
2694:
2646:
1841:
1508:
1409:
1363:
1315:
1275:
1257:
1245:
1192:
1129:
1076:
946:
892:
836:
426:
365:
250:
159:
72:
20:
1899:
1800:
278:
3478:
3277:
3109:
3078:
3016:
2968:
2889:
2825:
2761:
2756:
2716:
2706:
1367:
1356:
1249:
1184:
1037:
1018:
960:
in 63 BC, Ammon lost its distinct identity through assimilation.
293:
188:
1801:"Ammon in Transition from Vassal Kingdom to Babylonian Province"
1401:'s incest with his two daughters as described in Gen. 19:30–38.
3463:
3395:
3385:
3380:
3319:
3314:
3226:
3193:
3119:
3073:
3054:
2982:
2909:
2854:
2844:
2840:
2810:
2804:
2781:
2671:
2666:
2656:
2615:
1500:
1352:
1348:
1240:; but they submitted and they became tributary in the reign of
1236:, but had joined in the general uprising that took place under
1218:
1207:
1188:
1173:
1071:, after it was occupied by the Israelites who obtained it from
1022:
957:
938:
876:
828:
739:
735:
719:
715:
270:
135:
1999:
Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 14 April 2016
1017:
The Ammonites settled to the east of the Jordan, invading the
3329:
3309:
3304:
3282:
3208:
3114:
3102:
3097:
3062:
3039:
2958:
2929:
2864:
2820:
2766:
2746:
2248:
1557:
1553:
1541:
1533:
1428:
1394:
1332:
1106:
1072:
1053:
1041:
900:
808:
731:
287:
123:
1997:
Fenlon, John Francis. "Ammonites." The Catholic Encyclopedia
746:
as the gods of Ammon. The people of this kingdom are called
3576:
States and territories disestablished in the 4th century BC
3262:
3237:
3086:
3030:
3025:
2815:
2788:
2741:
2721:
2661:
2241:
1355:
times, conditions that led to the fixed rule stated in the
1324:
1179:
According to both 1 Kings 14:21-31 and 2 Chronicles 12:13,
1118:
1083:
1011:
800:
385:
375:
3571:
States and territories established in the 10th century BC
3124:
933:
in the period 167 to 160 BC. The dynast Hyrcanus founded
2354:
Cohen, D, ed. (1988). "Les Langues Chamito-semitiques".
1475:
Inscriptions found in the Ammonite language include an
1318:(Neh. 13). Still later, it is not improbable that when
883:. Other kings attested to in contemporary sources are
2251:, Ex. 262). Moab and Ammon were the two offspring of
1827:– via The University of Chicago Press Journals.
1805:
Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research
1397:, Ex. 262). Moab and Ammon were the two offspring of
772:
Statue of an Ammonite deified King on display at the
1611:"Ancient Texts Relating to the Bible: Amman Citadel"
1302:, i.e. centuries after the time of Abraham and Lot.
963:
However, the last notice of the Ammonites occurs in
697:
1981:. Chevalier de Pierrugues. Chez tous les Libraries.
2356:Les langues dans le monde ancien et modern, part 3
1898:LaBianca, Oystein S.; Younker, Randall W. (1995).
1639:LaBianca, Øystein S.; Younker, Randall W. (1995).
1046:a large portion of the territory of Moab and Ammon
2567:. "Deuteronomy." Oxford University Press, London.
2255:'s incest with his two daughters as described in
1270:The Ammonites presented a serious problem to the
1056:forbids Jewish women from marrying Ammonite men.
3537:
2510:. In Keimer, Kyle H.; Pierce, George A. (eds.).
1762:
1897:
1638:
1608:
1183:was an Ammonite. She was the only wife of King
1632:
2595:
1928:
1858:
1101:. Nahash appears abruptly as the attacker of
637:
676:
300:was built by the governor of Ammon in 200 BC
213:• Rabbat Ammon renamed to Philadelphia
2571:Ammon on Bruce Gordon's Regnal Chronologies
2538:
1906:. Leicester University Press. p. 114.
1904:The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land
1645:The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land
1579:Ammon as a name used in the Book of Mormon
787:Ammon maintained its independence from the
2602:
2588:
2514:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 600–618.
1756:
990:The first mention of the Ammonites in the
644:
630:
57:
2438:
2286:II Sam. xvii. 25; compare I Chron. ii. 17
1992:
1990:
1988:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1798:
1778:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 42–44.
1443:. Ammonite may have incorporated certain
780:and is thought to date to 8th century BC.
2364:
1974:
1717:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1666:
1664:
1292:
978:
767:
292:
277:
2505:
2453:
2240:woman and the other the offspring of a
1097: – 990 BC) lay siege to
1063:, the Ammonites allied themselves with
937:, and was a descendant of the Seleucid
3538:
1985:
1949:
1859:Parker, Samuel; Betlyon, John (2006).
1672:"The Old Testament Kingdoms of Jordan"
1451:, instead of commoner Biblical Hebrew
1339:, girt with his sword, strode like an
1305:
63:Ammon and its neighbors, around 830 BC
2583:
2484:
2420:
2353:
2008:
1962:"www.Bibler.org - Dictionary - Ammon"
1852:
1689:
1661:
1532:, the ancient trade route connecting
1232:they were generally tributary to the
1140:: although not present in either the
887:(attested to in several contemporary
16:Ancient Semitic kingdom in the Levant
2397:
722:. The chief city of the country was
2089:from the original on 13 August 2007
1891:
974:
835:of Assyria, and Sanipu's successor
687:
672:
171:• Kingdom of Ammon flourishes
13:
3525:Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions
2610:Ancient states and regions in the
2508:"Ammonites in the World of Israel"
2268:"Dialogus cum Tryphone," ch. cxix.
2011:"The Iniquities of Ammon and Moab"
1910:from the original on 9 August 2021
1879:from the original on 10 April 2023
1511:being the most prominent deities.
1347:, declaring upon the authority of
1109:, the population sought terms for
1021:lands east of Jordan, between the
983:David punishing the Ammonites, by
864:Somewhat later, the Ammonite king
819:in 853 BC, possibly as vassals of
706:kingdom occupying the east of the
14:
3597:
2557:
2542:; et al., eds. (1901–1906).
2367:A Corpus of Ammonite Inscriptions
1615:University of Southern California
1588:Ammon (Book of Mormon missionary)
1447:influences, including the use of
1206:of the Arameans and Assyrians at
710:, between the torrent valleys of
2552:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
2528:
2046:), Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2005
1705:
1263:Tobiah the Ammonite united with
897:bronze bottle found at Tel Siran
776:. The statue was found near the
613:
328:
243:
2478:
2447:
2414:
2391:
2347:
2336:
2327:
2316:
2307:
2298:
2289:
2280:
2277:Yeb. 76b, 77a; Ruth R. to ii. 5
2271:
2262:
2229:
2218:
2207:
2192:
2177:
2166:
2155:
2144:
2133:
2122:
2111:
2100:
2071:
2060:
2049:
2036:
2002:
1968:
1922:
1865:. Dumbarton Oaks. p. 573.
1678:from the original on 6 May 2009
1583:Ammon (Book of Mormon explorer)
1470:
1283:according to the prophet Isaiah
1187:to be mentioned by name in the
856:
845:
1831:
1792:
1735:
1647:. A&C Black. p. 399.
1602:
1477:inscription on a bronze bottle
827:. In 734 BC the Ammonite king
799:'s army as fighting alongside
1:
2323:Jewish encyclopedia Ammonites
1595:
1091:
1032:Shortly before the Israelite
907:, who reigned around 600 BC.
839:held the same position under
730:, site of the modern city of
46:
2777:Kingdom of Upper Mesopotamia
2506:Younker, Randall W. (2022).
2343:Jewish Encyclopedia Gedallah
2009:Klein, Reuven Chaim (2015).
1745:pp. 141 et seq.; Delitzsch,
1479:dating to c. 600 BC and the
1217:The Ammonites, Moabites and
1006:". After the destruction of
538:Establishment of the Emirate
7:
2565:The Pentateuch and Haftoras
2512:The Ancient Israelite World
1563:
1486:
1416:
1221:formed a coalition against
1040:west of Jordan, under King
903:, along with his son, King
698:
677:
579:Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
282:An Ammonite watch tower at
10:
3602:
1514:
1420:
1210:in 854 BC in the reign of
956:conquest of the Levant by
761:
757:
599:Israel–Jordan peace treaty
25:
18:
3581:Former monarchies of Asia
3551:Ancient history of Jordan
3512:
3406:
3147:
2680:
2622:
1975:Mirabeau, Honoré (1867).
1774:; Jill Middlemas (eds.).
1481:Amman Citadel Inscription
1406:Ishmael, son of Nathaniel
1331:, the Moabite; whereupon
266:
225:
221:
211:
198:
181:
169:
165:
155:
151:
141:
129:
117:
113:
103:
89:
78:
68:
56:
45:
35:
3561:Semitic-speaking peoples
3556:Ancient Israel and Judah
2485:Tyson, Craig W. (2014).
2421:Tyson, Craig W. (2019).
1935:Early Christian Writings
1902:. In Thomas Levy (ed.).
1799:Lipschits, Oded (2004).
1343:into the schoolhouse of
795:lists the Ammonite king
52: – 332 BC
19:Not to be confused with
2549:The Jewish Encyclopedia
2083:The Jewish Encyclopedia
1728:Encyclopædia Britannica
1570:List of rulers of Ammon
1497:for Levantine religions
1044:, invaded and occupied
927:First Book of Maccabees
823:, the Aramaean king of
764:List of rulers of Ammon
543:Trans-Jordan memorandum
3370:Luwian-Aramaean states
2018:Jewish Bible Quarterly
1931:"Dialogue with Trypho"
1643:. In Levy, Tom (ed.).
1159:
987:
781:
548:Emirate of Transjordan
301:
290:
119:• Around 1000 BC
50: 10th century BC
28:Ammon (disambiguation)
3221:Neo-Babylonian Empire
2805:Canaanite city-states
2460:. BRILL. p. 1–.
2365:Aufrecht, WE (1989).
1609:Marilyn J. Lundberg.
1435:, closely related to
1293:Modern interpretation
1154:
1075:. During the days of
982:
912:Neo-Babylonian Empire
771:
762:Further information:
296:
281:
90:Common languages
3504:Tanukhid confederacy
3339:New Kingdom of Egypt
2404:Journal for Semitics
2398:Smit, E. J. (1989).
1766:(18 February 2012).
1285:(Isaiah 11:14). The
1228:After submitting to
1168:During the reign of
969:Dialogue with Trypho
734:, Jordan's capital.
477:Kingdom of Jerusalem
432:Christian Ghassanids
26:For other uses, see
3216:Neo-Assyrian Empire
2999:Paleo-Syrian states
2440:10.3390/rel10030153
2304:I Kings, xiv. 21-31
1929:St. Justin Martyr.
1751:Geschichte Israels,
1306:Rabbinic literature
1280:Messiah's rulership
1234:Neo-Assyrian Empire
1230:Tiglath-Pileser III
925:In accounts in the
833:Tiglath-Pileser III
789:Neo-Assyrian Empire
501:Emirate and mandate
202:Alexander the Great
200:• Invasion by
3459:Herodian Tetrarchy
2563:Hertz J.H. (1936)
2544:"Ammon, Ammonites"
2375:Edwin Mellen Press
2371:Lewiston, New York
1846:Jewish Antiquities
1749:p. 294; Winckler,
1366:, the son of King
1256:. Their murder of
1008:Sodom and Gomorrah
988:
782:
302:
291:
143:• 680–640 BC
131:• 740–720 BC
108:Canaanite religion
3533:
3532:
3474:Nabataean Kingdom
3449:Hasmonean dynasty
3444:Ghassanid Kingdom
3157:Achaemenid Empire
2993:Ib'al Confederacy
2632:Kish civilization
2521:978-1-000-77324-8
2498:978-0-567-65544-8
2491:. A&C Black.
2467:978-90-04-10762-5
2203:1 Chronicles 5:26
2118:2 Chronicles 27:5
2107:2 Chronicles 20:1
2067:1 Chronicles 20:3
1785:978-0-567-19775-7
1423:Ammonite language
1300:Book of Leviticus
1287:book of Zephaniah
1163:Israelite kingdom
916:Nebuchadnezzar II
797:Baasha ben Ruhubi
748:Children of Ammon
742:are named in the
718:, in present-day
702:) was an ancient
696:
654:
653:
620:Jordan portal
571:Post-independence
468:Fatimid Caliphate
463:Abbasid Caliphate
458:Umayyad Caliphate
276:
275:
262:
261:
256:
255:
3593:
3586:Canaanite people
3484:Palmyrene Empire
3454:Herodian kingdom
3428:Byzantine Empire
3243:Israel (Samaria)
2604:
2597:
2590:
2581:
2580:
2553:
2532:
2531:
2525:
2502:
2472:
2471:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2363:
2351:
2345:
2340:
2334:
2331:
2325:
2320:
2314:
2311:
2305:
2302:
2296:
2293:
2287:
2284:
2278:
2275:
2269:
2266:
2260:
2233:
2227:
2222:
2216:
2211:
2205:
2196:
2190:
2184:2 Kings 25:22–26
2181:
2175:
2173:Zephaniah 2:8–11
2170:
2164:
2162:Ezekiel 21:28–32
2159:
2153:
2148:
2142:
2137:
2131:
2126:
2120:
2115:
2109:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2075:
2069:
2064:
2058:
2053:
2047:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2015:
2006:
2000:
1994:
1983:
1982:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1958:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1856:
1850:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1764:Barstad, Hans M.
1760:
1754:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1711:
1709:
1708:
1702:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1668:
1659:
1658:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1617:. Archived from
1606:
1467:"high (fem.)".)
1433:Canaanite family
1392:
1138:Dead Sea Scrolls
1096:
1093:
1059:In the times of
1004:son of my people
975:Biblical account
931:Judas Maccabaeus
874:
871:
860:
858:
849:
847:
831:was a vassal of
817:Battle of Qarqar
704:Semitic-speaking
701:
691:
689:
680:
674:
646:
639:
632:
618:
617:
616:
604:2011–12 protests
488:Mamluk Sultanate
399:Classical period
332:
322:
304:
303:
247:
246:
240:
239:
227:
226:
185:Battle of Qarqar
61:
51:
48:
37:Kingdom of Ammon
33:
32:
3601:
3600:
3596:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3591:
3590:
3536:
3535:
3534:
3529:
3508:
3499:Sasanian Empire
3494:Seleucid Empire
3489:Parthian Empire
3439:Emesene Dynasty
3402:
3248:Israel (united)
3163:Aramaean states
3143:
2690:Akkadian Empire
2676:
2618:
2608:
2560:
2540:Singer, Isidore
2529:
2522:
2499:
2481:
2476:
2475:
2468:
2452:
2448:
2419:
2415:
2396:
2392:
2385:
2352:
2348:
2341:
2337:
2332:
2328:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2308:
2303:
2299:
2294:
2290:
2285:
2281:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2263:
2234:
2230:
2223:
2219:
2214:Nehemiah 4:1–14
2212:
2208:
2197:
2193:
2182:
2178:
2171:
2167:
2160:
2156:
2151:Jeremiah 49:1–6
2149:
2145:
2138:
2134:
2127:
2123:
2116:
2112:
2105:
2101:
2092:
2090:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2065:
2061:
2054:
2050:
2041:
2037:
2013:
2007:
2003:
1995:
1986:
1978:Erotika Biblion
1973:
1969:
1960:
1959:
1950:
1940:
1938:
1927:
1923:
1913:
1911:
1896:
1892:
1882:
1880:
1873:
1857:
1853:
1836:
1832:
1817:10.2307/4150068
1797:
1793:
1786:
1761:
1757:
1740:
1736:
1721:, ed. (1911). "
1706:
1704:
1703:
1690:
1681:
1679:
1670:
1669:
1662:
1655:
1637:
1633:
1624:
1622:
1607:
1603:
1598:
1566:
1517:
1489:
1473:
1463:"cistern", but
1425:
1419:
1391:(Ex R. viii. 3)
1390:
1320:Judas Maccabeus
1308:
1295:
1212:Shalmaneser III
1094:
1088:Nahash of Ammon
977:
899:in present-day
872:
855:
844:
813:Shalmaneser III
811:allies against
766:
760:
650:
614:
612:
594:Black September
558:Adwan Rebellion
483:Ayyubid dynasty
358:Ancient history
320:
313:
284:Rujm Al-Malfouf
244:
214:
204:
191:
176:10th century BC
172:
144:
132:
120:
64:
49:
41:
38:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3599:
3589:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3520:Amarna letters
3516:
3514:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3420:Roman Republic
3412:
3410:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3341:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3333:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3159:
3153:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3014:
3013:
3012:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2966:
2961:
2949:
2947:Hittite Empire
2944:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2701:Amorite states
2697:
2692:
2686:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2628:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2607:
2606:
2599:
2592:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2568:
2559:
2558:External links
2556:
2555:
2554:
2526:
2520:
2503:
2497:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2466:
2446:
2413:
2390:
2383:
2346:
2335:
2326:
2315:
2306:
2297:
2288:
2279:
2270:
2261:
2245:2 Chron. 24:26
2237:Joash of Judah
2228:
2225:Nehemiah 13:23
2217:
2206:
2191:
2188:Jeremiah 40:14
2176:
2165:
2154:
2143:
2132:
2121:
2110:
2099:
2070:
2059:
2056:2 Samuel 12:31
2048:
2035:
2001:
1984:
1967:
1948:
1921:
1890:
1871:
1851:
1830:
1791:
1784:
1755:
1741:See Schrader,
1734:
1719:Chisholm, Hugh
1688:
1660:
1653:
1631:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1585:
1577:
1572:
1565:
1562:
1530:King's Highway
1516:
1513:
1488:
1485:
1472:
1469:
1421:Main article:
1418:
1415:
1372:house of David
1307:
1304:
1294:
1291:
1146:masoretic text
1134:usual practice
976:
973:
873: 650 BC
859: 681–669
848: 705–681
793:Kurkh Monolith
759:
756:
652:
651:
649:
648:
641:
634:
626:
623:
622:
609:
608:
607:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
573:
572:
568:
567:
566:
565:
560:
555:
553:Kura rebellion
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
521:
516:
511:
503:
502:
498:
497:
496:
495:
493:Ottoman Empire
490:
485:
480:
470:
465:
460:
455:
453:Jund al-Urdunn
450:
442:
441:
437:
436:
435:
434:
429:
424:
419:
417:Arabia Petraea
414:
409:
401:
400:
396:
395:
394:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
360:
359:
355:
354:
353:
352:
347:
339:
338:
334:
333:
325:
324:
315:
314:
307:
274:
273:
268:
264:
263:
260:
259:
257:
254:
253:
248:
236:
235:
233:
223:
222:
219:
218:
215:
212:
209:
208:
205:
199:
196:
195:
192:
182:
179:
178:
173:
170:
167:
166:
163:
162:
157:
156:Historical era
153:
152:
149:
148:
145:
142:
139:
138:
133:
130:
127:
126:
121:
118:
115:
114:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
91:
87:
86:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
62:
54:
53:
43:
42:
39:
36:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3598:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3511:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3408:Classical Age
3405:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3298:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3169:Aram-Damascus
3167:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3132:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3018:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
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2727:First Babylon
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2459:
2458:
2457:Ancient Ammon
2450:
2441:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2417:
2410:(1): 108–117.
2409:
2405:
2401:
2394:
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2384:0-88946-089-2
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2257:Gen. 19:30–38
2254:
2250:
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2232:
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2221:
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2199:2 Kings 15:28
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2147:
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2027:
2024:(2): 93–100.
2023:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1980:
1979:
1971:
1964:. 2012-06-15.
1963:
1957:
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1937:. Peter Kirby
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1872:9780884022985
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1714:public domain
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1621:on 2010-11-26
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1575:Abel-cheramim
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1383:exhaustion."
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1132:as being the
1131:
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1120:
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1103:Jabesh-Gilead
1100:
1099:Jabesh-Gilead
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965:Justin Martyr
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778:Amman Citadel
775:
774:Jordan Museum
770:
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749:
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473:Oultrejordain
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448:Bilad al-Sham
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267:Today part of
265:
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109:
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102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
84:
83:Rabbath Ammon
81:
77:
74:
71:
67:
60:
55:
44:
34:
29:
22:
3424:Roman Empire
3416:Ancient Rome
3368:
3343:
3232:
3225:
3161:
3129:
3085:
3061:
2997:
2951:
2803:
2699:
2642:Chagar Bazar
2564:
2547:
2511:
2487:
2479:Bibliography
2456:
2449:
2430:
2426:
2416:
2407:
2403:
2393:
2366:
2355:
2349:
2338:
2329:
2318:
2309:
2300:
2295:Yeb. viii. 3
2291:
2282:
2273:
2264:
2231:
2220:
2209:
2194:
2179:
2168:
2157:
2146:
2135:
2129:2 Kings 24:2
2124:
2113:
2102:
2091:. Retrieved
2082:
2073:
2062:
2051:
2043:
2038:
2021:
2017:
2004:
1977:
1970:
1939:. Retrieved
1934:
1924:
1912:. Retrieved
1903:
1893:
1881:. Retrieved
1861:
1854:
1844:
1833:
1811:(1): 37–52.
1808:
1804:
1794:
1775:
1758:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1726:
1680:. Retrieved
1644:
1634:
1623:. Retrieved
1619:the original
1604:
1518:
1493:Hebrew Bible
1490:
1474:
1471:Inscriptions
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1426:
1403:
1385:
1379:
1361:
1309:
1296:
1269:
1262:
1227:
1216:
1197:
1178:
1167:
1160:
1155:
1133:
1127:
1081:
1058:
1050:
1031:
1016:
1003:
992:Hebrew Bible
989:
985:Gustave Doré
968:
962:
951:
924:
909:
905:Amminadab II
881:Assurbanipal
879:campaign of
863:
786:
783:
751:
747:
744:Hebrew Bible
728:Rabbat Ammon
727:
723:
708:Jordan River
675:
664:
656:
655:
563:Ikhwan raids
528:Arab Kingdom
370:
230:
187:against the
3189:Bit Bahiani
2974:Tell Hadidi
1838:1 Maccabees
1772:John J. Ahn
1550:agriculture
1538:Mesopotamia
1242:Esar-haddon
1238:Sennacherib
1223:Jehoshaphat
1095: 1010
1069:Transjordan
998:, a son of
941:dynasty of
935:Qasr Al Abd
866:Amminadab I
841:Sennacherib
533:Interregnum
519:Sykes–Picot
514:Arab Revolt
440:Islamic era
350:Ghassulians
345:'Ain Ghazal
319:History of
298:Qasr Al Abd
231:Preceded by
147:Amminadab I
3540:Categories
3376:Carchemish
3357:Nabataeans
3174:Aram Rehob
2942:Carchemish
2752:Third Mari
2732:Third Ebla
2682:Bronze Age
2637:Tell Halaf
2624:Copper Age
2433:(3): 153.
2093:2007-08-05
1849:xii. 8. 1.
1682:2009-05-12
1625:2011-01-11
1596:References
1546:Asia Minor
1341:Ishmaelite
1170:King David
1142:Septuagint
1115:Israelites
852:Esarhaddon
509:Hashemites
412:Hasmoneans
407:Nabataeans
337:Prehistory
217:248–282 BC
3469:Macedonia
3434:Commagene
3362:Qedarites
3300:Phoenicia
3268:Philistia
3184:Bit Agusi
3179:Bit-Adini
3021:Tall Bazi
2915:Phoenicia
2885:Jerusalem
2737:Ekallatum
2573:(also at
2427:Religions
2358:. Paris:
2313:B. Ḳ. 38b
2140:Amos 1:13
2030:0792-3910
1840:5:6; cf.
1747:Paradies,
1723:Ammonites
1526:limestone
1522:sandstone
1337:Israelite
1272:Pharisees
1265:Sanballat
1254:Zephaniah
1200:Ben-hadad
1111:surrender
821:Hadadezer
752:Ammonites
693:romanized
663:: 𐤏𐤌𐤍
422:Tanukhids
391:Qedarites
189:Assyrians
104:Religion
3391:Palistin
3351:Itureans
3149:Iron Age
2953:Hurrians
2695:Alashiya
2647:Hamoukar
2087:Archived
1908:Archived
1877:Archived
1842:Josephus
1676:Archived
1564:See also
1509:moon god
1507:and the
1487:Religion
1417:Language
1410:Gedaliah
1364:Rehoboam
1353:Talmudic
1316:Nehemiah
1276:Nehemiah
1258:Gedaliah
1246:Jeremiah
1193:Rehoboam
1130:Josephus
1077:Jephthah
1038:Amorites
996:Ben-Ammi
947:Nehemiah
893:Hissalel
885:Barachel
837:Pudu-ilu
825:Damascus
661:Ammonite
589:1967 War
584:1948 War
427:Salihids
366:Amorites
310:a series
308:Part of
251:Arameans
160:Iron Age
94:Ammonite
21:Amorites
3566:Vayeira
3513:Sources
3479:Osroene
3278:Ascalon
3253:Jericho
3131:Nuhašše
3079:Suteans
3017:Armanum
2969:Mitanni
2964:Nuhašše
2925:Shechem
2905:Megiddo
2900:Lakisha
2890:Kenites
2880:Jericho
2860:Dimasqu
2831:Aštartu
2826:Ascalon
2762:Palmyra
2717:Andarig
2707:Alalakh
2652:Jericho
2614:of the
2612:history
2537::
2242:Moabite
2079:"Naama"
1941:27 June
1914:16 June
1825:4150068
1753:p. 215.
1716::
1515:Economy
1499:, with
1459:(e.g.,
1445:Aramaic
1441:Moabite
1387:Jehoash
1368:Solomon
1357:Mishnah
1250:Ezekiel
1185:Solomon
1086:. King
1019:Rephaim
952:By the
945:, whom
920:Persian
877:Arabian
815:at the
758:History
695::
673:עַמּוֹן
183:•
98:Moabite
85:(Amman)
79:Capital
73:Kingdom
3464:Iturea
3396:Pattin
3386:Luhuti
3381:Kummuh
3320:Tartus
3273:Ashdod
3227:Canaan
3204:Sam'al
3199:Hamath
3194:Geshur
3120:Ugarit
3110:Tadmor
3093:ʿApiru
3074:Aḫlamū
3069:ʿApiru
3055:Tuttul
3010:Aleppo
2983:Naziba
2920:Qadesh
2910:Midian
2895:Kumidi
2870:Gibeon
2850:Beruta
2845:Hauran
2841:Bashan
2836:Azzati
2811:Amalek
2782:Yamhad
2772:Ṭābetu
2757:Mukish
2712:Amurru
2672:Urkesh
2667:Ugarit
2657:Byblos
2616:Levant
2518:
2495:
2464:
2381:
2028:
1883:3 July
1869:
1823:
1782:
1743:K.A.T.
1710:
1651:
1544:, and
1501:Milcom
1437:Hebrew
1376:Naamah
1349:Samuel
1335:, the
1252:; and
1219:Meunim
1208:Qarqar
1204:battle
1189:Tanakh
1181:Naamah
1174:Rabbah
1150:cave 4
1061:Judges
1036:, the
1034:Exodus
1023:Jabbok
958:Pompey
943:Tobiah
939:Tobiad
891:) and
850:) and
829:Sanipu
809:Syrian
805:Israel
740:Molech
736:Milcom
724:Rabbah
720:Jordan
716:Jabbok
699:ʻAmmūn
684:Arabic
678:ʻAmmōn
669:Hebrew
381:Israel
321:Jordan
312:on the
271:Jordan
207:332 BC
194:853 BC
136:Sanipu
69:Status
40:𐤏𐤌𐤍
3546:Ammon
3345:Arabs
3330:Sidon
3315:Gebal
3310:Arwad
3305:Amrit
3283:Ekron
3258:Judah
3233:Ammon
3209:Zobah
3115:Tunip
3103:Shutu
3098:Shasu
3063:Suhum
3050:Nagar
3040:Terqa
3036:Khana
2959:Urshu
2930:Sidon
2875:Hazor
2865:Gezer
2855:Gebal
2821:Arwad
2799:Barga
2767:Qatna
2747:Kurda
2249:Yalk.
2235:King
2014:(PDF)
1821:JSTOR
1770:. In
1558:Amman
1554:trade
1542:Syria
1536:with
1534:Egypt
1429:Hanun
1395:Yalk.
1362:That
1345:Jesse
1333:Ithra
1123:Bezek
1107:siege
1073:Sihon
1065:Eglon
1054:Torah
1042:Sihon
1027:Arnon
954:Roman
901:Amman
889:seals
732:Amman
712:Arnon
688:عمّون
665:ʻAmān
657:Ammon
371:Ammon
288:Amman
124:Hanun
3325:Tyre
3293:Gaza
3288:Gath
3263:Moab
3238:Edom
3137:Niya
3087:Amqu
3045:Mari
3031:Emar
3026:Ebla
3005:Armi
2988:Niya
2935:Tyre
2816:Arqa
2794:Aram
2789:Amqu
2742:Emar
2722:Apum
2662:Ebla
2516:ISBN
2493:ISBN
2462:ISBN
2379:ISBN
2360:CNRS
2026:ISSN
1943:2016
1916:2018
1885:2018
1867:ISBN
1780:ISBN
1649:ISBN
1552:and
1524:and
1439:and
1380:lack
1329:Ruth
1325:Saul
1119:Saul
1084:Saul
1025:and
1012:Moab
807:and
801:Ahab
738:and
714:and
526:and
524:OETA
386:Moab
376:Edom
3125:Upu
2435:doi
2253:Lot
1813:doi
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
