American Surety Building

665:, as were the eastern and southern elevations above the eighth story. Between the first and eighth stories, the eastern and southern walls were load-bearing brick walls. The southern brick wall was 4 feet (1.2 m) thick to prevent fire from spreading to the Schermerhorn Building to the south. At the time of the building's construction, the thickness of a curtain wall was limited to 32 inches (810 mm), imposing a force of 80,000 pounds per foot (120,000 kg/m) on the foundation. If the walls had been load-bearing, then they would have needed to be 84 inches (2,100 mm) thick, imposing a force of 150,000 pounds per foot (220,000 kg/m) on the foundation. Due to the use of non-load-bearing curtain walls, an additional 87 square feet (8.1 m) of usable space was provided in the width of each 20-foot (6.1 m) bay, resulting in a profit of $ 2,000 per year from the rental of the additional space. Foundation costs were also reduced, although the use of a steel frame canceled out some of the cost savings, since steel was slightly costlier than masonry. The usage of both curtain and bearing walls was not common at the time of the building's construction. 635: 799:, who owned the Schermerhorn Building immediately to the south and east. When Astor threatened to build a 22-story building in May 1896, shutting off the windows on these sides, the American Surety Company rented the Schermerhorn Building for 99 years at an annual cost of $ 75,000 (equivalent to $ 2,363,466 in 2023), which would be equivalent to paying 5% of the Schermerhorn Building's $ 1.5 million valuation each year. This allowed American Surety to construct its cornice as planned. The building was completed in 1896 at a cost of $ 1.75 million (equal to $ 55 million in 2023), of which 10% had been spent on underground work. 768:. This appealed to the American Surety Company, because the site had supposedly cost $ 1.435 million and the company planned to spend another $ 1.25 million on construction. The cost was still relatively high; Price had convinced the American Surety Company that all four facades needed to be decorated because of its high visibility. Price had conceived the building as a tower, which he saw as "the only artistic solution to the problem of high design". Although the American Surety Building was not entirely freestanding, being abutted by other structures, it had decorated 819: 707: 520: 31: 600:

situated. Each caisson was 9 feet (2.7 m) tall and made of 0.5-inch-thick (13 mm) steel plates. A steel shaft with a cross section of 3 by 5 feet (0.91 by 1.52 m) rose from each of the caissons, and was topped by a cylinder of 6 feet (1.8 m) in diameter by 10 feet (3.0 m) tall. The underlying ground was drawn out from the caissons, and then filled with concrete. Thirteen brick piers were subsequently built around the caisson shafts.

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involved removing existing flooring and partitions, since the upper floors would have to be wider than the lower floors to align with the original building's walls, which receded gradually on each floor. The entrance portico on Broadway was shifted to the center of the facade; two figures on the 14th and 15th floors were removed; and a two-story penthouse was added. The

815:, which moved from its previous quarters at the Manhattan Life Building and installed a 100-foot-tall (30 m) steel pole atop the American Surety Building. As built, there was an air shaft between the American Surety and Schermerhorn buildings; this air shaft led to a fire in 1901 that damaged the Weather Bureau's quarters. 2255:"Sky-scraper of 20 Stories; Lofty New Building for Broadway and Pine Street. To be Erected by the American Surety Company on the Site of the Old Continental Insurance Building, to be 300 Feet High, Cost About $ 1,000,000, and Be Ready for Occupancy by May 1, 1895 – Bruce Price the Successful Architect" 739:

The American Surety Company bought two lots at Broadway and Pine Street in 1893: an L-shaped lot with frontage on both streets, and another lot at the corner. The price of the latter—$ 400,000, equivalent to $ 12,135,980 in 2023—was the largest price ever paid for a Broadway property at the time. The

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and Wall Streets had seven buildings for banks or insurance companies, including the Continental Insurance Company Building at 100-102 Broadway, on the American Surety Building's future site. Fire insurance companies established buildings on Pine Street as well. The American Surety Company was one of

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The facades of the intermediate stories contain slightly projecting horizontal bands. A band course runs above the fourth story on the Broadway and Pine Street facades. There are sculptures extending across the 14th and 15th stories, connecting the intermediate floors to the transitional 15th story.

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consists of Maine granite with a 3-story base, a 12-story shaft, and a 6-story capital, with two transitional stories at the 4th and 15th floors. A two-story penthouse is set back above the 21st floor. The Broadway and Pine Street elevations were both seven bays wide before an expansion in 1920–1922

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When the building was expanded in 1920, a two-story penthouse was added, with 6,500 square feet (600 m) of restaurant space on each floor. The rental space on the 1st through 7th floors was expanded from 4,316 to 12,000 square feet (401.0 to 1,114.8 m), and above the 7th floor, the rental

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Work on the foundations began in early 1894 and was completed by that November. The foundation work took eight to nine months, representing about forty percent of the total time allocated for the building's construction. The design for the American Surety Building's cornice, which projected 5 feet

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could not be used. A steel plate was placed atop the masonry tips of each pier. A grillage of transversely laid I-beams was installed above the plates. Deep plate girders were placed over the grillages, and the cantilevers extended outward from these girders to the edge of the building footprint,

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with four pilaster faces, the seven flutes represented by seven rows of windows". The windows on upper stories were originally progressively recessed by 1 inch (25 mm) per story, so that the 20th floor windows were recessed by 20 inches (510 mm); this allowed sunlight to illuminate the

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The American Surety Building was erected at a time when buildings usually did not rise higher than 10 or 11 stories, and when skyscrapers were generally criticized. Architecture critic Russell Sturgis praised the ground-floor colonnade in 1899 as "a masterly adaptation of the loveliest forms of

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branch with a 35,000-square-foot (3,300 m) bookstore in the American Surety Building's base, which opened in 2003. The project was praised as one of several commercial projects that contributed to economic growth in Lower Manhattan after the September 11 attacks. Madison Capital bought 100

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and caissons. Sooysmith was among the first builders to use pneumatic caissons for foundations, having used them in other projects such as the Manhattan Life Insurance Building. The caissons were sunken to stone beds between 71 and 79 feet (22 and 24 m) deep, where the layer of bedrock was

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was hired as consulting architect. The work included a new L-shaped annex that widened the building by 40 feet (12 m), the width of four bays, on both Pine Street and Broadway. Meader added a light shaft along the new southern elevation, but retained Price's original facade. The work also

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In April 1920, the American Surety Company indicated its intention to acquire the Schermerhorn Building, and revealed plans for a $ 2.5 million annex to the American Surety Building (equivalent to $ 29 million in 2023) to be finished by 1921. The company then bought the Schermerhorn

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to refurbish 100 Broadway's lowest thirteen stories, used by the Bank of Tokyo, for $ 11 million. Kajima installed new elevators, mechanical systems, and bronze windows. In addition, the ground-floor banking and commercial spaces were reconfigured into an open arcade, with the colonnade

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During the late 19th century, life insurance firms were some of the first companies to build high-profile skyscrapers. At the time of the American Surety Building's construction, life insurance companies generally had their own buildings for their offices and branch locations. According to

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The lot covers about 15,000 square feet (1,400 m), and measures 125 feet (38 m) on Pine Street and 123 feet (37 m) on Broadway. None of the sides are parallel. The original lot, prior to the building's 1920–1922 expansion, measured 84.67 by 85.33 feet (26 by 26 m).

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The building's internal steel structure is cantilevered over the foundation piers due to the presence of other structures nearby when the American Surety Building was erected. The internal structure was designed to be completely separate from the surrounding buildings, and thus

854:, which first took space in the American Surety Building in 1952 and expanded to the building's banking room and several floors over the next decade. Real estate investor Irving Brodsky bought the building in 1962, just after the American Surety Company merged with 715:

architectural writer Kenneth Gibbs, these buildings allowed each individual company to instill "not only its name but also a favorable impression of its operations" in the general public. This had been a trend since 1870, with the completion of the former

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with 30-foot-tall (9.1 m) ceilings. There was previously a banking room at street level, which contained a gold-leaf ceiling supported by four marble pillars. This banking room was removed in a 1970s renovation and replaced with the open arcade.

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In February 1894, the company announced that Price had been selected to build American Surety's 20-story headquarters. Price's design called for a relatively simple building with a flat roof, and took inspiration from his previous commission for

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The Thomson Realty Company took ownership of the building in 1973. When the bank's lease expired that year, it decided to sign a long-term lease and concurrently renovate the building. After the Bank of Tokyo signed its lease, the bank hired

744:, in which the contestants were directed to design a building to maximize the amount of space that could be rented, while still being architecturally consistent on the outside. Nine architects entered this competition, including Bruce Price, 473:

foundation technology was still relatively new. The American Surety Building was the first New York City skyscraper to use a full steel skeleton. The American Surety Building was also one of the earliest buildings on street corners whose

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The American Surety Building had more than 400 rooms upon completion, accessed by six elevators and a spiral staircase. The elevators moved at 400 feet per minute (120 m/min), which was then considered very rapid. There were two

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on all four sides. Sometime during construction, the building's plans were modified so that it would have a 21st story. Price subsequently stated that he had planned to add a five-story pyramidal roof to his plans, similar to

650:. Exposed steel beams were covered with 3.5-inch-thick (89 mm) fireproof tile, while the floor arches were made of 10-inch-thick (250 mm) firebrick. The floors themselves were made of brick arches, concrete and ash 559:, supporting an entablature that wraps around from Broadway. There is a service entrance on the east end of the Pine Street facade, and the third-story windows on this facade have projecting window surrounds with connecting 4588: 461:

style. Upon completion, the American Surety Building was 21 stories tall with a height of either 308 or 312 feet (94 or 95 m). This made it New York City's second tallest building, behind the now-demolished

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where they supported the columns of the superstructure. At the time of the American Surety Building's construction, there was already discussion on building a subway line under Broadway (which would become the

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space was expanded to 11,000 square feet (1,000 m). The expanded building had ten elevators clustered on the north side of the building, as well as two staircases at the northwest and southeast corners.

3175: 3065: 1784:"A Rapid Transit Hearing; on Proposed Extension From City Hall to Battery. A Number of Property Owners or Their Representatives Meet the Rapid Transit Commissioners – A Free Interchange of Opinions" 1496: 1378: 350:, making the American Surety Building one of the earliest New York City skyscrapers to feature such a layout. The facade contains several ornamental features, including sculptural elements designed by 1083: 952: 646:, which could sustain winds of at least 82 miles per hour (132 km/h); this was demonstrated during January 1896, when the building was subjected to that wind speed with minimal evidence of 3136: 2901: 2606: 2568: 2436: 2674: 2270: 2071: 1142:"Building Bought at 100 Broadway; Brodsky Gets 23-Story Unit --Uptown Parcels Sold Washington Heights Deal Sale in Inwood Area Downtown Garage Resold Loft Changes Hands Thomas St. Transaction" 5652: 2474: 1988: 1157: 3297: 2030: 1799: 939:

said in 1913 that the building design was one of the first to use "the column analogy" that became popular at the beginning of the 20th century. After the 1975 modernization project, critic

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same year, the company announced that it wanted to build a 15-to-20-story headquarters tower, to be built on their lot measuring 100 by 85 feet (30 by 26 m). The company organized an

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Thirty-two structural columns were used in the building, which each carry between 584 and 1,280 short tons (521 and 1,143 long tons; 530 and 1,161 t). The building utilized portal

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Broadway in late 2010, and shortly afterward, the Borders branch closed after Borders Group filed for bankruptcy. Most of the vacant retail space was ultimately occupied in 2012 by

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on each floor. The 21st floor was used solely as a utility floor. The 10th-floor tank was used to reduce the maximum water pressure in the American Surety Building's pipes.

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was installed atop the two-story penthouse. The southern elevation of the 20th and 21st floors, from Price's original design, remains partially visible from the street.

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called 100 Broadway "one of those sleeper landmarks (undesignated) of which New York has so many more than anyone realizes—an outstandingly fine early skyscraper".

6442: 3159: 3049: 2168:. King's Handbook of New York City: An Outline History and Description of the American Metropolis; with Over One Thousand Illustrations. Moses King. p. 637. 722:

In the second half of the century, many firms in the Financial District were developing structures north of the neighborhood's traditional center of commerce at

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when completed. Between 1920 and 1922, an annex was built to designs by Meader, increasing the floor area and adding two stories to the building. A later tenant,

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brought the building to 11 bays on both sides. Price said that he wanted to "design a monumental structure", and as such he intended the facade to resemble "a

370: 241: 335:. It is 388 feet (118 m) tall, with either 23 or 26 stories. It was one of Manhattan's first buildings with steel framing and curtain wall construction. 5036: 2940: 1935: 2636: 1846: 871:, a 17-foot-long (5.2 m) aluminum rhomboid weighing 1,600 pounds (730 kg), was also placed in the lobby. This renovation was completed by 1975. 6437: 4208: 1297: 104: 5096: 3120: 1876: 621: trains), and a building representative said in 1897 that the foundation was designed "with a view of withstanding the effect" of a subway tunnel. 2885: 2590: 2552: 2420: 2232: 551:. The Broadway facade also has an entrance to the upper floors at its southern end. On Pine Street, the lowest two stories are supported by two-story 6452: 2658: 2254: 2055: 1447: 543:; this portico was five bays wide prior to the expansion. The third-story windows above the portico are flanked by six classical figures designed by 2458: 1972: 1141: 5106: 3289: 2014: 1783: 6427: 6153: 4638: 4598: 3259: 3087: 977: 894: 426: 374: 2504: 2382: 5196: 3594: 2357: 2315: 469:

At the time of the American Surety Building's development in the 1890s, new buildings in New York City were starting to use steel frames, and

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was one of the building's earlier tenants, having obtained quarters at the American Surety Building by 1898. Another early tenant was the

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atop the 21st floor. The original gilded parapet and the sculptures were removed in the 1920–1922 expansion, and a cornice with

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occupied the remaining retail space in 2013, and Northwood Investors bought the building the same year for $ 150 million.

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described the American Surety Building as "certainly the most interesting tall building in the country". Architecture critic

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reported in July 1921 that the company had picked a leasing agent for the annex, and the work was completed the next year.

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The American Surety Building is either 23 or 26 stories tall, with a height of 338 feet (103 m). and was designed by

5617: 5451: 5136: 4696: 4303: 4106: 3760: 716: 2459:"A Place for Col. Trenholm.; Head of North American Trust Company – W.s. Johnston Succeeds Him in American Surety" 5722: 5481: 5111: 4771: 4766: 4751: 3587: 910: 902: 6170: 5657: 5131: 4786: 4686: 4293: 3373: 2849: 2553:"Bank May Acquire Wall Street Plot; Negotiations Pending for Sale of Part of Schermerhorn Building to First National" 1741: 1667: 1565: 1250: 463: 5821: 5717: 5632: 5556: 5501: 5461: 5056: 4831: 4721: 4671: 4218: 3860: 2924: 879: 741: 437: 431: 3547: 3534: 1919: 6261: 5191: 5081: 4881: 4861: 4776: 4613: 4085: 3992: 3665: 1038: 3521: 516:, which typically only had one decorated facade, the American Surety Building had all of its facades decorated. 6422: 6032: 5712: 5662: 5506: 5496: 5066: 4846: 4816: 4681: 4238: 4131: 4090: 3897: 3790: 3715: 3660: 2591:"American Surety Co. Plans Big Annex; Will Build $ 2,500,000 Extension to Its Present Building at 100 Broadway" 1826: 1054:

This amounted to $ 282 per square foot ($ 3,040/m), equivalent to $ 8,556 per square foot ($ 92,100/m) in 2023.

998: 410: 486:). The design inspired those of other "tower" skyscrapers in the United States during the early 20th century. 6417: 6356: 5851: 4967: 4901: 4856: 4796: 4398: 4370: 4298: 3947: 3580: 1319: 386: 308: 731:

the insurance firms located within the Financial District, having been established in 1881 at 160 Broadway.

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The Bank of Tokyo removed the Noguchi sculpture in 1980 without telling Noguchi. The same year, the

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rented about 25,000 square feet (2,300 m) of offices at 100 Broadway, one block away from the

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to restore the lower 13 stories between 1973 and 1975. The American Surety Building was made a

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antiquity" reinforced by the pilasters on Pine Street and Broadway. When Price died in 1903,

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New York 1960: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Second World War and the Bicentennial

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New York 1960: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Second World War and the Bicentennial

8: 6220: 6180: 5241: 5031: 4791: 4781: 4228: 4136: 3865: 1462: 940: 936: 796: 552: 6306: 6165: 5622: 5156: 5101: 4811: 4448: 4161: 4151: 4002: 3987: 3952: 3780: 3770: 3765: 3477: 2964: 2838: 1554: 782: 536: 1363:"Streetscapes/The American Surety Building;An 1890's Skyscraper May Become a Landmark" 361:

The building was erected between 1894 and 1896 as a 21-story structure, which was the

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Building outright for $ 1.5 million, and started work on the annex by May 1920.

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New York 2000: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Bicentennial and the Millennium

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cites the building as having 23 stories. Emporis, as well as architectural writers

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between the 20th and 21st stories with gilded metal; and a large projecting stone

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panels. An entablature runs above the third story on Pine Street and Broadway.

414: 1973:"Art Flourishes in Old Buildings; Turn-of-Century Creations Abundant Downtown" 6406: 6341: 6326: 5891: 5801: 5789: 5236: 4980: 4911: 4428: 4423: 4403: 4355: 4350: 4308: 4146: 4141: 4101: 4080: 4075: 4054: 4049: 3972: 3735: 3690: 3171: 3132: 3061: 3022: 2936: 2897: 2792: 2750: 2670: 2602: 2564: 2470: 2432: 2394: 2266: 2067: 2026: 1984: 1931: 1795: 1492: 1374: 1153: 919: 906: 868: 418: 316: 119: 106: 3506: 3498: 3455: 2993: 2985: 2859: 2696: 2628: 2526: 2496: 2421:"In the Real Estate Field; Fifth Avenue Office Room in Excess of the Demand" 2349: 2307: 2224: 2191: 1868: 1575: 596: 6346: 5912: 5871: 5795: 5416: 5051: 4443: 4433: 4288: 4243: 4223: 4095: 3957: 3932: 3927: 3912: 3902: 3885: 3850: 3835: 3830: 3820: 3810: 3800: 3795: 3730: 3720: 2867: 1583: 981: 765: 519: 6351: 5592: 5411: 5341: 5316: 5306: 5076: 5021: 4841: 4736: 4273: 4258: 4233: 4213: 3825: 3685: 3675: 3670: 1084:

New York City Department of Information Technology and Telecommunications

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List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan below 14th Street

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Contractor Charles Sooysmith designed the foundation, which was a mix of

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for architectural effect. These windows were subsequently replaced with

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consisted of three horizontal sections similar to the components of a

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The main entrance is located on Broadway and consists of a two-story

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consists of three horizontal sections similar to the components of a

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The American Surety Building contains a facade of Maine granite. Its

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with a baby-centaur frieze. The ground level contains a large open

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The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide

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designated the building as a city landmark in 1995. After the

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Stern, Robert A. M.; Mellins, Thomas; Fishman, David (1995).

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Stern, Robert A. M.; Mellins, Thomas; Fishman, David (1995).

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Schuyler, Montgomery; Jordy, William H.; Coe, Ralph (1961).

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less than a block to the south. The building is adjacent to

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Stern, Robert A. M.; Fishman, David; Tilove, Jacob (2006).

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During the mid-20th century, one of the larger tenants was

3409:. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. p. 611. 726:. By 1865, the three-block of stretch of Broadway between 1300:. Emporis. Archived from the original on January 19, 2021 2629:"American Surety to Spend $ 2,500,000 in Building Annex" 1446:. Vol. 105, no. 18. May 1, 1920. p. 570. 638:

Depiction of the American Surety Building's construction

3094:; Postal, Matthew A. (2009). Postal, Matthew A. (ed.). 1075: 1666: 466:

one block south, which stood at 313 feet (95 m).

1437:"Big Addition to One of New York's First Skyscrapers" 3520: 3505: 3438:

Business architectural imagery in America, 1870–1930

3360: 2820: 2336: 2291: 1959: 1698: 1654: 1642: 1001:, erected in 1888, had used a partial iron skeleton. 3198:"Duane Reade to Debut Unique Store At 100 Broadway" 2955: 2835: 2015:"Rise of World Trade Center Spurs a Retail Revival" 1551: 5097:Firehouse, Engine Company 10 and Ladder Company 10 3476: 3470:. New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. 2963: 2961: 2837: 2816: 2814: 1955: 1953: 1553: 1017: 1013: 1011: 1009: 1007: 6458:Renaissance Revival architecture in New York City 2844:. New York: Monacelli Press. pp. 1133–1134. 867:shielding a glass wall behind it. A sculpture by 567:The top six stories were treated as a "cap" with 6404: 3402: 6443:New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan 3568:Bank of Tokyo Building on The Skyscraper Center 3088:New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission 2811: 1950: 1597: 1595: 1593: 1560:. New York: Monacelli Press. pp. 158–159. 1018:Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023). 1004: 978:New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission 895:New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission 397:to the west and Pine Street to the north, with 385:The American Surety Building is located in the 2879: 2877: 2774: 2772: 2377: 2375: 2219: 2217: 2050: 2048: 2008: 2006: 1914: 1912: 1910: 1908: 1906: 1891: 1474: 1472: 1431: 1429: 1427: 1425: 1356: 1354: 1352: 1350: 1348: 1346: 5107:New York County Lawyers' Association Building 4952: 3588: 3548:"A Critique of the Works of with Bruce Price" 3507:"The Bank of Tokyo, New Image with Old Roots" 3320:"Northwood pays $ 150M for FiDi office tower" 2302: 2300: 1245: 1243: 1241: 1239: 1237: 1136: 1134: 734: 5771: 3474: 2097: 2095: 2093: 2091: 2089: 1897: 1721: 1719: 1704: 1692: 1630: 1626: 1624: 1622: 1620: 1618: 1616: 1614: 1612: 1610: 1590: 1532: 1530: 1528: 1526: 1524: 1522: 1520: 1518: 1516: 1514: 1412: 1410: 1408: 1406: 1404: 1402: 1400: 1398: 1396: 1337: 1251:"Steel Foundations of Tall Office Buildings" 1228: 1224: 1222: 710:1898 drawing of the American Surety Building 3711:111, 115 (Trinity and United States Realty) 3516:. Vol. 159. June 1976. pp. 86–94. 2874: 2769: 2372: 2214: 2045: 2003: 1903: 1469: 1422: 1343: 1333: 1331: 1329: 1220: 1218: 1216: 1214: 1212: 1210: 1208: 1206: 1204: 1202: 1189: 1187: 1185: 1183: 1181: 1179: 1177: 1175: 822:The base of the building seen from Broadway 441: trains, are adjacent to the building. 6438:Neoclassical architecture in New York City 5537:Lee, Higginson & Company Bank Building 5142:Trinity and United States Realty Buildings 4959: 4945: 3595: 3581: 3479:Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913 3226: 2970:. New York: Monacelli Press. p. 258. 2779:Huxtable, Ada Louise (December 28, 1975). 2739:"Transamerica Takes American Surety Reins" 2697:"American Surety Co. Picks Building Agent" 2297: 1821: 1819: 1817: 1736: 1734: 1234: 1131: 802: 407:Trinity and United States Realty Buildings 5987:Leadership and Public Service High School 5512:Federal Reserve Bank of New York Building 3406:American Architecture: And Other Writings 3342: 3257: 2831: 2829: 2719: 2155: 2143: 2086: 1716: 1607: 1547: 1545: 1511: 1393: 1292: 1290: 1288: 661:The northern and western elevations were 6453:Skyscraper office buildings in Manhattan 5882:Queen Elizabeth II September 11th Garden 3483:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. 3380:. Vol. 112. June 1903. p. 12. 3227:Sederstrom, Jotham (November 29, 2011). 3118: 3048:Deutsch, Claudia H. (January 10, 1993). 2778: 2330: 1648: 1636: 1326: 1199: 1172: 1110:"MTA Neighborhood Maps: Lower Manhattan" 1068: 817: 719:just north of the American Surety site. 705: 633: 518: 512:. Unlike previous buildings such as the 363:second tallest building in New York City 3475:Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). 3440:. Ann Arbor, Mich: UMI Research Press. 3047: 2477:from the original on September 26, 2019 1814: 1731: 6428:Commercial buildings completed in 1896 6405: 4966: 3349:Landmarks Preservation Commission 1997 3300:from the original on February 26, 2021 3239:from the original on November 26, 2020 3139:from the original on December 28, 2017 2925:"Is It Art or Merely a Safety Hazard?" 2922: 2883: 2826: 2726:Landmarks Preservation Commission 1997 2609:from the original on February 24, 2018 2150:Landmarks Preservation Commission 1997 2102:Landmarks Preservation Commission 1997 2012: 1843:10.1038/scientificamerican11231895-329 1758:10.1038/scientificamerican08251894-113 1726:Landmarks Preservation Commission 1997 1711:Landmarks Preservation Commission 1997 1602:Landmarks Preservation Commission 1997 1542: 1537:Landmarks Preservation Commission 1997 1417:Landmarks Preservation Commission 1997 1381:from the original on December 28, 2016 1361:Gray, Christopher (January 28, 1996). 1285: 1267:10.1038/scientificamerican12081894-353 1194:Landmarks Preservation Commission 1997 845: 629: 16:Office building in Manhattan, New York 6093: 5963: 5770: 4991: 4940: 4655: 4465: 4387: 4188: 4024: 3882: 3846:457–459 (A. J. Dittenhofer Warehouse) 3626: 3576: 3435: 3270:from the original on October 22, 2020 3158:Bagli, Charles V. (October 8, 2002). 3157: 2137: 2125: 2113: 2033:from the original on October 23, 2019 1117:Metropolitan Transportation Authority 925: 6413:1896 establishments in New York City 5982:High School of Economics and Finance 5653:Knickerbocker Trust Company Building 5532:Keuffel & Esser Company Building 5447:Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House 4388: 3330:from the original on August 11, 2020 2161: 1920:"$ 2,500,000 Addition to Skyscraper" 1478: 1360: 918:, a pharmacy and convenience store. 48:Bank of Tokyo Building, 100 Broadway 5452:American Bank Note Company Building 5122:St. George's Syrian Catholic Church 4466: 4209:Trump International Hotel and Tower 13: 6094: 5992:Léman Manhattan Preparatory School 5197:St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church 5112:Old New York Evening Post Building 3465:"American Surety Company Building" 3384:from the original on April 4, 2022 3208:from the original on July 19, 2012 3029:from the original on April 4, 2022 2904:from the original on June 21, 2019 2884:Dunlap, David W. (July 29, 1998). 2799:from the original on April 4, 2022 2757:from the original on April 4, 2022 2707:from the original on April 4, 2022 2677:from the original on April 4, 2022 2639:from the original on April 4, 2022 2571:from the original on April 4, 2022 2507:from the original on April 4, 2022 2439:from the original on April 4, 2022 2401:from the original on April 4, 2022 2360:from the original on April 4, 2022 2318:from the original on April 4, 2022 2273:from the original on April 4, 2022 2235:from the original on April 4, 2022 2202:from the original on April 4, 2022 2172:from the original on April 4, 2022 2074:from the original on April 4, 2022 1991:from the original on April 4, 2022 1938:from the original on March 7, 2018 1879:from the original on April 4, 2022 1869:"Contrasts Show the City's Growth" 1849:from the original on April 4, 2022 1802:from the original on April 4, 2022 1764:from the original on April 4, 2022 1676:State University of New York Press 1674:(5th ed.). Albany, New York: 1668:Diamonstein-Spielvogel, Barbaralee 1499:from the original on July 20, 2021 1479:Gray, Christopher (July 9, 1995). 1453:from the original on April 4, 2022 1273:from the original on April 4, 2022 1261:(23): 353, 359. December 8, 1894. 1160:from the original on April 4, 2022 903:collapse of the World Trade Center 14: 6469: 5658:Manhattan Life Insurance Building 5132:St. Peter's Roman Catholic Church 4604:Eighth Street–New York University 3561: 3178:from the original on May 27, 2015 3119:McDowell, Edwin (June 15, 2003). 3068:from the original on May 26, 2015 2943:from the original on May 26, 2015 2503:. September 10, 1898. p. 7. 2231:. February 18, 1894. p. 22. 1090:from the original on May 24, 2015 464:Manhattan Life Insurance Building 375:New York City designated landmark 323:. The building was designed in a 5718:Western Union Telegraph Building 5557:New York Stock Exchange Building 5502:Excelsior Power Company Building 5057:American Stock Exchange Building 4687:64-70 (Manhattan Life Insurance) 4484:116th Street–Columbia University 3413:from the original on May 7, 2021 3096:Guide to New York City Landmarks 3017:. January 27, 1980. p. R4. 2923:Grimes, William (May 11, 1994). 2356:. November 4, 1894. p. 28. 2225:"Latest Ideas in High Buildings" 2198:. November 22, 1893. p. 2. 1752:(8): 113, 120. August 25, 1894. 880:New York Stock Exchange Building 742:architectural design competition 658:, covered with a marble finish. 405:, Trinity's churchyard, and the 29: 5192:Perelman Performing Arts Center 4837:1411 (Metropolitan Opera House) 4634:Van Cortlandt Park–242nd Street 4319:3333 (Riverside Park Community) 3396: 3366: 3354: 3312: 3282: 3258:Barbarino, Al (March 7, 2013). 3251: 3220: 3190: 3151: 3112: 3080: 3041: 3000: 2916: 2731: 2689: 2651: 2621: 2583: 2545: 2519: 2489: 2451: 2413: 2342: 2285: 2247: 2184: 2165:Kings Handbook of New York City 2131: 2119: 2107: 2013:Gregor, Alison (July 5, 2011). 1965: 1861: 1776: 1660: 1048: 1039:Gross Domestic Product deflator 991: 689:The lobby has a black-and-gold 448: 421:to the south. Entrances to the 6033:Federal Hall National Memorial 5507:Federal Hall National Memorial 5362:56 Beaver Street (Delmonico's) 5067:Bowling Green Offices Building 4732:222 (Barnum's American Museum) 4589:Cathedral Parkway–110th Street 3546:Russell, Sturgis (June 1899). 3463:Harris, Gale (June 24, 1997). 2533:. December 14, 1901. p. 1 1837:(21): 329. November 23, 1895. 1827:"The American Surety Building" 1102: 988:, give a height of 26 stories. 970: 831:supervised alterations, while 785:, which would have housed the 504:upper stories while utilizing 1: 6433:Financial District, Manhattan 5964: 4992: 4907:1865 (Museum of Biblical Art) 4279:2429 (Murray's Sturgeon Shop) 4190:Buildings (Columbus Circle – 4122:1650 (Ellen's Stardust Diner) 3993:1352 (Greenwich Savings Bank) 2703:. July 10, 1921. p. 53. 1875:. March 14, 1897. p. 4. 1020:"What Was the U.S. GDP Then?" 958: 590: 6448:North American Trust Company 5527:John Street Methodist Church 5472:Chamber of Commerce Building 5117:Robert and Anne Dickey House 4832:1392 (Knickerbocker Theatre) 4117:1634 (Winter Garden Theatre) 3884:Buildings (Houston Street – 2635:. May 21, 1921. p. 17. 1061: 809:North American Trust Company 346:, namely a base, shaft, and 299:) is an office building and 7: 6394:Manhattan Community Board 1 6216:Downtown Manhattan Heliport 6063:New York City Police Museum 6012:Pine Street School New York 5552:New York City Police Museum 4822:1185 (Fifth Avenue Theatre) 4787:728 (Church of the Messiah) 4549:59th Street–Columbus Circle 4361:4967 (Good Shepherd Church) 4157:1764 (224 West 57th Street) 2715:– via newspapers.com. 2647:– via newspapers.com. 2541:– via newspapers.com. 2515:– via newspapers.com. 2497:"Weather Bureau's New Home" 2368:– via newspapers.com. 2326:– via newspapers.com. 2314:. May 13, 1896. p. 7. 2243:– via newspapers.com. 2210:– via newspapers.com. 1887:– via newspapers.com. 946: 884:1251 Avenue of the Americas 668: 624: 482:(namely a base, shaft, and 10: 6474: 6053:Museum of American Finance 4922:St. Teresa of Avila Church 4762:Church of the Divine Unity 4656: 4554:66th Street–Lincoln Center 4329:3939 (Children's Hospital) 4137:1697 (Ed Sullivan Theatre) 4026:Buildings (Times Square – 4008:1466 (Knickerbocker Hotel) 3826:346 (Former New York Life) 3661:11 (Bowling Green Offices) 3533:Ferree, Barr (June 1899). 3522:"The Works of Bruce Price" 3429: 735:Construction and early use 701: 331:with a later expansion by 6388: 6229: 6208: 6191:Battery Maritime Building 6104: 6100: 6089: 6058:Museum of Jewish Heritage 6043:George Gustav Heye Center 6020: 5974: 5970: 5959: 5900: 5857:Elizabeth H. Berger Plaza 5833: 5781: 5777: 5766: 5678:New York Tribune Building 5673:New York Produce Exchange 5638:Hanover National Building 5580: 5477:Continental Bank Building 5217: 5202:Vehicular Security Center 5002: 4998: 4987: 4974: 4877:Jack Dempsey's Restaurant 4827:1372 (Fair Waist Company) 4812:1115 (Legnam Corporation) 4792:728 (New Theatre Comique) 4782:673 (Grand Central Hotel) 4667:New York Produce Exchange 4662: 4651: 4539:34th Street–Herald Square 4494:137th Street–City College 4474: 4461: 4394: 4383: 4199: 4184: 4162:1780 (Central Park Tower) 4152:1745 (Random House Tower) 4107:1605 (Crowne Plaza Hotel) 4035: 4020: 3893: 3878: 3641: 3622: 3535:"A Talk with Bruce Price" 3361:Architectural Record 1899 2821:Architectural Record 1976 2527:"Weather Bureau Scorched" 2337:Architectural Record 1899 2308:"Astor's 21-story Menace" 2292:Architectural Record 1899 1960:Architectural Record 1976 1699:Architectural Record 1899 1672:The Landmarks of New York 1655:Architectural Record 1899 1643:Architectural Record 1899 1318:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 489: 281: 277: 269: 261: 252: 248: 232: 227: 219: 209: 204: 196: 188: 183: 175: 167: 159: 151: 143: 135: 96: 83: 73: 65: 57: 52: 44: 40: 28: 23: 6144:South Ferry/Whitehall St 5772:Other points of interest 5598:Barnum's American Museum 5457:American Surety Building 4767:507 (St. Nicholas Hotel) 4629:Times Square–42nd Street 4619:Marble Hill–225th Street 4366:5069 (Seaman-Drake Arch) 4304:2880 (Goddard Institute) 4254:2175 (Hotel Belleclaire) 4167:1790 (5 Columbus Circle) 2350:"Sunk Deep in the Earth" 1898:Landau & Condit 1996 1631:Landau & Condit 1996 1338:Landau & Condit 1996 1229:Landau & Condit 1996 963: 856:Transamerica Corporation 289:American Surety Building 179:338 ft (103 m) 35:American Surety Building 24:American Surety Building 5841:Austin J. Tobin Plaza‎‎ 5683:New York World Building 5618:Equitable Life Building 5613:City Investing Building 5562:New York Times Building 5467:Broad Exchange Building 5137:Transportation Building 4917:4260 (Coliseum Theatre) 4132:1681 (Broadway Theatre) 4071:1535 (Marriott Marquis) 4045:1475 (One Times Square) 3968:1260 (Martinique Hotel) 3806:290 (Ted Weiss Federal) 3791:277 (Broadway–Chambers) 3754:Trinity Church Cemetery 3726:165 (One Liberty Plaza) 3436:Gibbs, Kenneth (1984). 909:replaced its destroyed 876:New York Stock Exchange 803:Early use and expansion 758:McKim, Mead & White 717:Equitable Life Building 575:forming a colonnade; a 380: 223:American Surety Company 205:Design and construction 6134:Rector St/Greenwich St 5997:Millennium High School 5887:Vietnam Veterans Plaza 5867:Imagination Playground 5588:Alexander Macomb House 5152:Trinity Court Building 5087:Downtown Athletic Club 5062:Barclay–Vesey Building 4882:1645 (Capitol Theatre) 4862:1567 (Central Theatre) 4802:1101 (Albemarle Hotel) 4797:881 (Arnold Constable) 4314:3009 (Barnard College) 4172:240 Central Park South 4127:1633 (Paramount Plaza) 4086:1560 (Embassy Theatre) 3923:828 (Strand Bookstore) 3851:462 (Mills & Gibb) 3841:395 (Pearl River Mart) 3324:The Real Deal New York 2312:Democrat and Chronicle 2196:New York Evening World 823: 711: 639: 524: 293:Bank of Tokyo Building 255:New York City Landmark 6423:Bruce Price buildings 6002:New York Film Academy 5877:Louise Nevelson Plaza 5492:Down Town Association 4867:1579 (Strand Theatre) 4852:1500 (Hotel Claridge) 4847:1481 (Rialto Theatre) 4807:1107 (McCrory Stores) 4777:663 (Canterbury Hall) 4752:472 (Mechanics' Hall) 4371:5141 (Allen Hospital) 4239:2124 (Beacon Theatre) 4102:1585 (Morgan Stanley) 4091:1564 (Palace Theatre) 4040:1472 (4 Times Square) 3998:Holy Innocents Church 3856:488 (E. V. Haughwout) 3706:100 (American Surety) 3686:65 (American Express) 2192:"$ 282 a Square Foot" 821: 709: 637: 611:Lexington Avenue Line 522: 6418:Broadway (Manhattan) 6262:Church/Trinity Place 6139:Rector St/Trinity Pl 6073:South Street Seaport 5908:Brasserie Les Halles 5708:Tontine Coffee House 5688:Pearl Street Station 5522:Home Insurance Plaza 5042:125 Greenwich Street 4912:1981 (Dauphin Hotel) 4857:1537 (Astor Theatre) 4707:165 (City Investing) 4697:120 (Equitable Life) 4692:113–119 (City Hotel) 4356:4881 (Dyckman House) 4351:4140 (United Palace) 4299:2626 (Metro Theater) 4264:First Baptist Church 4204:Deutsche Bank Center 3973:1300 (Hotel McAlpin) 3816:305 (Mutual Reserve) 3771:253, 256 (Home Life) 3761:Transportation (225) 3721:140 (Marine Midland) 3552:Architectural Record 3539:Architectural Record 3526:Architectural Record 3514:Architectural Record 2745:. January 26, 1960. 2465:. January 20, 1898. 2261:. February 9, 1894. 2162:King, Moses (1893). 1900:, pp. 238, 241. 1148:. January 23, 1962. 899:September 11 attacks 864:Kajima International 754:Carrère and Hastings 617: and 435: and 423:New York City Subway 371:Kajima International 242:Kajima International 155:1920–1922, 1973–1975 136:Construction started 6221:Wall Street Skyport 6181:Pier 11/Wall Street 5437:170–176 John Street 5242:1 Wall Street Court 5037:94 Greenwich Street 5032:88 Greenwich Street 4722:195 (Western Union) 4614:Inwood–207th Street 4324:Intercession Church 4269:2350 (Bretton Hall) 4096:1566 (TSX Broadway) 3736:200 (Fulton Center) 3701:75 (Trinity Church) 3326:. August 20, 2013. 3294:Commercial Observer 3264:Commercial Observer 3233:Commercial Observer 2781:"Architecture View" 1831:Scientific American 1790:. January 8, 1897. 1746:Scientific American 1255:Scientific American 1041:figures follow the 997:The now-demolished 941:Ada Louise Huxtable 937:Montgomery Schuyler 901:in 2001 led to the 846:Later modifications 775:St Mark's Campanile 630:Structural features 535:supporting a seven- 427:Wall Street station 303:at Pine Street and 291:(also known as the 244:(second renovation) 171:Northwood Investors 120:40.7081°N 74.0112°W 116: / 74:Architectural style 53:General information 6196:Whitehall Terminal 6171:World Trade Center 6149:Wall St/William St 5933:Rolfe's Chop House 5723:World Trade Center 5623:Gillender Building 5497:Equitable Building 5482:Continental Center 5162:World Trade Center 5157:Whitehall Building 5102:James Watson House 4968:Financial District 4772:Metropolitan Hotel 4717:176 (Howard Hotel) 4449:Van Cortlandt Park 4294:School at Columbia 4076:1540 (Bertelsmann) 4003:Times Square Tower 3963:1232 (Grand Hotel) 3918:800 (Grace Church) 3908:721 (Tisch School) 3681:61 (Adams Express) 3164:The New York Times 3125:The New York Times 3092:Dolkart, Andrew S. 3054:The New York Times 3015:The New York Times 2929:The New York Times 2890:The New York Times 2785:The New York Times 2743:The New York Times 2663:The New York Times 2597:. April 17, 1920. 2595:The New York Times 2557:The New York Times 2463:The New York Times 2425:The New York Times 2387:The New York Times 2259:The New York Times 2060:The New York Times 2019:The New York Times 1979:. April 20, 1964. 1977:The New York Times 1924:The New York Times 1788:The New York Times 1485:The New York Times 1367:The New York Times 1146:The New York Times 926:Critical reception 911:World Trade Center 824: 712: 640: 525: 411:Equitable Building 387:Financial District 309:Financial District 270:Reference no. 239:(first renovation) 6400: 6399: 6384: 6383: 6380: 6379: 6085: 6084: 6081: 6080: 6068:Skyscraper Museum 5955: 5954: 5951: 5950: 5862:Hudson River Park 5762: 5761: 5758: 5757: 5693:St. Paul Building 5668:Mortimer Building 5567:Park Row Building 5422:150 Nassau Street 5397:90–94 Maiden Lane 5312:28 Liberty Street 5292:20 Exchange Place 5218:East of Broadway/ 5127:St. Paul's Chapel 5003:West of Broadway/ 4934: 4933: 4930: 4929: 4895:Iridium Jazz Club 4872:1600 (Studebaker) 4677:39 (Macomb House) 4647: 4646: 4457: 4456: 4379: 4378: 4229:2100 (Apple Bank) 4180: 4179: 4016: 4015: 3943:Flatiron Building 3874: 3873: 3776:258 (Rogers Peet) 3749:St. Paul's Chapel 3671:26 (Standard Oil) 3646:U.S. Custom House 3490:978-0-300-07739-1 3447:978-0-8357-1575-1 3363:, pp. 11–12. 3296:. April 5, 2017. 3105:978-0-470-28963-1 2977:978-1-58093-177-9 2665:. June 23, 1921. 2559:. April 1, 1920. 2294:, pp. 75–76. 2062:. June 23, 1964. 1701:, pp. 78–79. 1685:978-1-4384-3769-9 888:Midtown Manhattan 852:the Bank of Tokyo 829:Herman Lee Meader 514:Park Row Building 417:to the east; and 409:to the west; the 367:the Bank of Tokyo 333:Herman Lee Meader 285: 284: 237:Herman Lee Meader 184:Technical details 163:$ 55 million 125:40.7081; -74.0112 45:Alternative names 6465: 6154:Wall St/Broadway 6102: 6101: 6091: 6090: 5972: 5971: 5961: 5960: 5834:Parks and plazas 5782:Arts and culture 5779: 5778: 5768: 5767: 5633:Government House 5581:Former buildings 5462:Bennett Building 5442:250 Water Street 5432:161 Water Street 5382:63 Nassau Street 5262:5 Beekman Street 5257:2 New York Plaza 5247:1 William Street 5232:1 New York Plaza 5227:1 Hanover Square 5047:130 Cedar Street 5000: 4999: 4989: 4988: 4961: 4954: 4947: 4938: 4937: 4712:169–171 (Gilsey) 4672:Government House 4653: 4652: 4463: 4462: 4389:Parks and plazas 4385: 4384: 4339:Audubon Ballroom 4186: 4185: 4081:1552 (I. Miller) 4065:Minskoff Theatre 4055:1501 (Paramount) 4022: 4021: 3988:1328 (Marbridge) 3953:1181 (Baudouine) 3880: 3879: 3866:561 (Scholastic) 3624: 3623: 3597: 3590: 3583: 3574: 3573: 3555: 3542: 3529: 3517: 3511: 3502: 3482: 3471: 3469: 3459: 3423: 3422: 3420: 3418: 3400: 3394: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3378:The Brickbuilder 3370: 3364: 3358: 3352: 3346: 3340: 3339: 3337: 3335: 3316: 3310: 3309: 3307: 3305: 3286: 3280: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3255: 3249: 3248: 3246: 3244: 3224: 3218: 3217: 3215: 3213: 3204:. July 9, 2012. 3194: 3188: 3187: 3185: 3183: 3155: 3149: 3148: 3146: 3144: 3116: 3110: 3109: 3084: 3078: 3077: 3075: 3073: 3045: 3039: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3012: 3004: 2998: 2997: 2969: 2959: 2953: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2920: 2914: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2881: 2872: 2871: 2843: 2833: 2824: 2818: 2809: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2776: 2767: 2766: 2764: 2762: 2735: 2729: 2723: 2717: 2716: 2714: 2712: 2693: 2687: 2686: 2684: 2682: 2655: 2649: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2633:New-York Tribune 2625: 2619: 2618: 2616: 2614: 2587: 2581: 2580: 2578: 2576: 2549: 2543: 2542: 2540: 2538: 2523: 2517: 2516: 2514: 2512: 2493: 2487: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2455: 2449: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2427:. May 31, 1896. 2417: 2411: 2410: 2408: 2406: 2379: 2370: 2369: 2367: 2365: 2346: 2340: 2334: 2328: 2327: 2325: 2323: 2304: 2295: 2289: 2283: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2251: 2245: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2221: 2212: 2211: 2209: 2207: 2188: 2182: 2181: 2179: 2177: 2159: 2153: 2147: 2141: 2135: 2129: 2123: 2117: 2111: 2105: 2099: 2084: 2083: 2081: 2079: 2052: 2043: 2042: 2040: 2038: 2010: 2001: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1969: 1963: 1957: 1948: 1947: 1945: 1943: 1916: 1901: 1895: 1889: 1888: 1886: 1884: 1873:New-York Tribune 1865: 1859: 1858: 1856: 1854: 1823: 1812: 1811: 1809: 1807: 1780: 1774: 1773: 1771: 1769: 1738: 1729: 1723: 1714: 1708: 1702: 1696: 1690: 1689: 1664: 1658: 1652: 1646: 1640: 1634: 1628: 1605: 1599: 1588: 1587: 1559: 1549: 1540: 1534: 1509: 1508: 1506: 1504: 1476: 1467: 1466: 1460: 1458: 1452: 1441: 1433: 1420: 1414: 1391: 1390: 1388: 1386: 1358: 1341: 1335: 1324: 1323: 1317: 1309: 1307: 1305: 1294: 1283: 1282: 1280: 1278: 1247: 1232: 1226: 1197: 1191: 1170: 1169: 1167: 1165: 1138: 1129: 1128: 1126: 1124: 1114: 1106: 1100: 1099: 1097: 1095: 1072: 1055: 1052: 1046: 1036: 1034: 1032: 1015: 1002: 995: 989: 974: 933:The Brickbuilder 833:Ernest R. Graham 797:John Jacob Astor 691:coffered ceiling 620: 616: 613:, served by the 555:above a granite 440: 434: 429:, served by the 301:early skyscraper 131: 130: 128: 127: 126: 121: 117: 114: 113: 112: 109: 33: 21: 20: 6473: 6472: 6468: 6467: 6466: 6464: 6463: 6462: 6403: 6402: 6401: 6396: 6376: 6225: 6209:Other transport 6204: 6106: 6096: 6077: 6038:Fraunces Tavern 6028:China Institute 6016: 6007:Pace University 5966: 5947: 5943:The Dead Rabbit 5928:Fraunces Tavern 5896: 5829: 5809:Four Continents 5773: 5754: 5698:Singer Building 5648:Kemble Building 5628:Gilsey Building 5576: 5572:Potter Building 5517:Fraunces Tavern 5487:Corbin Building 5427:161 Maiden Lane 5407:120 Wall Street 5402:116 John Street 5357:55 Water Street 5347:55 Broad Street 5332:45 Broad Street 5302:25 Water Street 5282:17 State Street 5272:15 Broad Street 5219: 5213: 5092:Empire Building 5082:Cunard Building 5004: 4994: 4983: 4970: 4965: 4935: 4926: 4902:1678 (Birdland) 4890:Beltone Studios 4757:Theatre Comique 4658: 4643: 4470: 4468:Subway stations 4453: 4439:Columbus Circle 4390: 4375: 4195: 4176: 4061:One Astor Plaza 4031: 4028:Columbus Circle 4012: 3889: 3870: 3786:270 (Tower 270) 3766:233 (Woolworth) 3741:Corbin Building 3716:120 (Equitable) 3637: 3618: 3601: 3564: 3545: 3532: 3509: 3491: 3467: 3448: 3432: 3427: 3426: 3416: 3414: 3401: 3397: 3387: 3385: 3372: 3371: 3367: 3359: 3355: 3347: 3343: 3333: 3331: 3318: 3317: 3313: 3303: 3301: 3288: 3287: 3283: 3273: 3271: 3256: 3252: 3242: 3240: 3225: 3221: 3211: 3209: 3196: 3195: 3191: 3181: 3179: 3156: 3152: 3142: 3140: 3117: 3113: 3106: 3085: 3081: 3071: 3069: 3046: 3042: 3032: 3030: 3010: 3006: 3005: 3001: 2978: 2960: 2956: 2946: 2944: 2921: 2917: 2907: 2905: 2882: 2875: 2852: 2834: 2827: 2819: 2812: 2802: 2800: 2777: 2770: 2760: 2758: 2737: 2736: 2732: 2724: 2720: 2710: 2708: 2701:New York Herald 2695: 2694: 2690: 2680: 2678: 2657: 2656: 2652: 2642: 2640: 2627: 2626: 2622: 2612: 2610: 2589: 2588: 2584: 2574: 2572: 2551: 2550: 2546: 2536: 2534: 2525: 2524: 2520: 2510: 2508: 2495: 2494: 2490: 2480: 2478: 2457: 2456: 2452: 2442: 2440: 2419: 2418: 2414: 2404: 2402: 2389:. May 6, 1896. 2381: 2380: 2373: 2363: 2361: 2348: 2347: 2343: 2335: 2331: 2321: 2319: 2306: 2305: 2298: 2290: 2286: 2276: 2274: 2253: 2252: 2248: 2238: 2236: 2223: 2222: 2215: 2205: 2203: 2190: 2189: 2185: 2175: 2173: 2160: 2156: 2148: 2144: 2136: 2132: 2124: 2120: 2112: 2108: 2100: 2087: 2077: 2075: 2054: 2053: 2046: 2036: 2034: 2011: 2004: 1994: 1992: 1971: 1970: 1966: 1958: 1951: 1941: 1939: 1926:. May 2, 1920. 1918: 1917: 1904: 1896: 1892: 1882: 1880: 1867: 1866: 1862: 1852: 1850: 1825: 1824: 1815: 1805: 1803: 1782: 1781: 1777: 1767: 1765: 1740: 1739: 1732: 1724: 1717: 1713:, pp. 3–4. 1709: 1705: 1697: 1693: 1686: 1678:. p. 453. 1665: 1661: 1653: 1649: 1641: 1637: 1629: 1608: 1604:, pp. 4–5. 1600: 1591: 1568: 1550: 1543: 1535: 1512: 1502: 1500: 1477: 1470: 1456: 1454: 1450: 1439: 1435: 1434: 1423: 1415: 1394: 1384: 1382: 1359: 1344: 1336: 1327: 1311: 1310: 1303: 1301: 1298:"Bank of Tokyo" 1296: 1295: 1286: 1276: 1274: 1249: 1248: 1235: 1227: 1200: 1192: 1173: 1163: 1161: 1140: 1139: 1132: 1122: 1120: 1112: 1108: 1107: 1103: 1093: 1091: 1074: 1073: 1069: 1064: 1059: 1058: 1053: 1049: 1030: 1028: 1016: 1005: 996: 992: 975: 971: 966: 961: 949: 928: 848: 839:New York Herald 805: 746:Napoleon LeBrun 737: 704: 671: 632: 627: 618: 614: 593: 545:J. Massey Rhind 523:Office entrance 492: 459:Neo-Renaissance 451: 436: 430: 391:Lower Manhattan 383: 352:J. Massey Rhind 325:Neo-Renaissance 257: 240: 228:Renovating team 197:Lifts/elevators 124: 122: 118: 115: 110: 107: 105: 103: 102: 88: 87:96–100 Broadway 36: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6471: 6461: 6460: 6455: 6450: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6415: 6398: 6397: 6389: 6386: 6385: 6382: 6381: 6378: 6377: 6375: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6233: 6231: 6227: 6226: 6224: 6223: 6218: 6212: 6210: 6206: 6205: 6203: 6202: 6201: 6200: 6199: 6198: 6193: 6183: 6175: 6174: 6173: 6163: 6162: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6110: 6108: 6098: 6097: 6095:Transportation 6087: 6086: 6083: 6082: 6079: 6078: 6076: 6075: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6030: 6024: 6022: 6018: 6017: 6015: 6014: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5978: 5976: 5968: 5967: 5957: 5956: 5953: 5952: 5949: 5948: 5946: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5904: 5902: 5901:Food and drink 5898: 5897: 5895: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5837: 5835: 5831: 5830: 5828: 5827: 5819: 5812: 5805: 5798: 5793: 5785: 5783: 5775: 5774: 5764: 5763: 5760: 5759: 5756: 5755: 5753: 5752: 5751: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5720: 5715: 5713:Tower Building 5710: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5663:Mills Building 5660: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5603:Blair Building 5600: 5595: 5590: 5584: 5582: 5578: 5577: 5575: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5547:Morse Building 5544: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5392:75 Wall Street 5389: 5387:70 Pine Street 5384: 5379: 5377:63 Wall Street 5374: 5372:60 Wall Street 5369: 5367:56 Pine Street 5364: 5359: 5354: 5352:55 Wall Street 5349: 5344: 5339: 5337:48 Wall Street 5334: 5329: 5327:40 Wall Street 5324: 5322:37 Wall Street 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5297:23 Wall Street 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5267:14 Wall Street 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5223: 5221: 5215: 5214: 5212: 5211: 5210: 5209: 5207:Westfield Mall 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5147:Trinity Church 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5104: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5072:Castle Clinton 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5027:90 West Street 5024: 5019: 5017:21 West Street 5014: 5008: 5006: 4996: 4995: 4985: 4984: 4975: 4972: 4971: 4964: 4963: 4956: 4949: 4941: 4932: 4931: 4928: 4927: 4925: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4898: 4897: 4892: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4817:Hotel Victoria 4814: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4747:346 (Appleton) 4744: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4727:220 (St. Paul) 4724: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4663: 4660: 4659: 4649: 4648: 4645: 4644: 4642: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4599:Dyckman Street 4596: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4475: 4472: 4471: 4459: 4458: 4455: 4454: 4452: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4424:Greeley Square 4421: 4419:Madison Square 4416: 4411: 4409:City Hall Park 4406: 4401: 4395: 4392: 4391: 4381: 4380: 4377: 4376: 4374: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4347: 4346: 4344:Shabazz Center 4341: 4331: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4259:2201 (Apthorp) 4256: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4234:2109 (Ansonia) 4231: 4226: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4200: 4197: 4196: 4182: 4181: 4178: 4177: 4175: 4174: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4154: 4149: 4144: 4139: 4134: 4129: 4124: 4119: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4068: 4057: 4052: 4047: 4042: 4036: 4033: 4032: 4018: 4017: 4014: 4013: 4011: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3894: 3891: 3890: 3876: 3875: 3872: 3871: 3869: 3868: 3863: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3838: 3833: 3828: 3823: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3757: 3756: 3751: 3743: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3648: 3642: 3639: 3638: 3634:Houston Street 3620: 3619: 3600: 3599: 3592: 3585: 3577: 3571: 3570: 3563: 3562:External links 3560: 3559: 3558: 3557: 3556: 3543: 3518: 3503: 3489: 3472: 3460: 3446: 3431: 3428: 3425: 3424: 3395: 3365: 3353: 3341: 3311: 3281: 3250: 3219: 3189: 3150: 3111: 3104: 3079: 3040: 2999: 2976: 2954: 2915: 2873: 2850: 2825: 2810: 2768: 2730: 2718: 2688: 2650: 2620: 2582: 2544: 2518: 2488: 2450: 2412: 2371: 2341: 2329: 2296: 2284: 2246: 2229:New York World 2213: 2183: 2154: 2142: 2130: 2118: 2106: 2085: 2044: 2002: 1964: 1949: 1902: 1890: 1860: 1813: 1775: 1730: 1715: 1703: 1691: 1684: 1659: 1647: 1635: 1633:, p. 233. 1606: 1589: 1566: 1541: 1510: 1468: 1421: 1392: 1342: 1340:, p. 235. 1325: 1284: 1233: 1231:, p. 231. 1198: 1171: 1130: 1101: 1066: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1057: 1056: 1047: 1043:MeasuringWorth 1037:United States 1025:MeasuringWorth 1003: 999:Tower Building 990: 968: 967: 965: 962: 960: 957: 956: 955: 948: 945: 927: 924: 847: 844: 813:Weather Bureau 804: 801: 750:George B. Post 736: 733: 703: 700: 670: 667: 631: 628: 626: 623: 592: 589: 491: 488: 450: 447: 415:14 Wall Street 413:to the north; 403:Trinity Church 393:, adjacent to 382: 379: 321:Trinity Church 319:, across from 283: 282: 279: 278: 275: 274: 271: 267: 266: 263: 259: 258: 253: 250: 249: 246: 245: 234: 230: 229: 225: 224: 221: 217: 216: 211: 207: 206: 202: 201: 198: 194: 193: 190: 186: 185: 181: 180: 177: 173: 172: 169: 165: 164: 161: 157: 156: 153: 149: 148: 145: 141: 140: 137: 133: 132: 100: 94: 93: 85: 81: 80: 75: 71: 70: 67: 63: 62: 59: 55: 54: 50: 49: 46: 42: 41: 38: 37: 34: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6470: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6434: 6431: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6410: 6408: 6395: 6392: 6387: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6342:Theatre Alley 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6234: 6232: 6228: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6213: 6211: 6207: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6188: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6178: 6176: 6172: 6169: 6168: 6167: 6164: 6160: 6159:WTC Cortlandt 6157: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6129:Fulton Street 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6119:Bowling Green 6117: 6116: 6115: 6112: 6111: 6109: 6103: 6099: 6092: 6088: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6025: 6023: 6019: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5979: 5977: 5973: 5969: 5962: 5958: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5909: 5906: 5905: 5903: 5899: 5893: 5892:Zuccotti Park 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5852:Bowling Green 5850: 5848: 5845: 5842: 5839: 5838: 5836: 5832: 5826: 5824: 5820: 5818: 5817: 5813: 5811: 5810: 5806: 5804: 5803: 5802:Fearless Girl 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5791: 5790:Charging Bull 5787: 5786: 5784: 5780: 5776: 5769: 5765: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5725: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5585: 5583: 5579: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5542:Liberty Tower 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5237:1 Wall Street 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5224: 5222: 5216: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5164: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5009: 5007: 5001: 4997: 4990: 4986: 4982: 4981:New York City 4978: 4973: 4969: 4962: 4957: 4955: 4950: 4948: 4943: 4942: 4939: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4887: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4664: 4661: 4654: 4650: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4624:Prince Street 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4609:Fulton Street 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4579:Bowling Green 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4476: 4473: 4469: 4464: 4460: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4429:Herald Square 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4404:Zuccotti Park 4402: 4400: 4399:Bowling Green 4397: 4396: 4393: 4386: 4382: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4336: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4309:Broadway Hall 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4201: 4198: 4193: 4187: 4183: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4163: 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