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36:
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the level of 553 ft (169 m) above the airport while it was still about 5 mi (8.0 km) northeast of the airport. It descended to just 3 ft (per altimeter) above the airport while it was about 3 nm north of the airport. Its correct altitude should have been just below 1,000 ft (300 m) at that time. It continued its descent into the
323:
The aircraft flew into thick clouds and a thunderstorm after flying toward the airport from the northwest. It descended more rapidly than it should have, without either pilot in the cockpit noticing. The airport is situated at an elevation of 853 feet (260 m) and the aircraft had descended to
328:
valley while crossing the river back to the southern shore. When it made its last turn to the southeast to line up with the runway, it flew into the wooded slopes of the valley 3 km north of the runway threshold in poor visibility, at an altitude of 225′ below the runway's elevation. It then
311:
for a visual approach to
Cincinnati's runway 18 (now runway 18C), and was advised of precipitation just west of the airport. The aircraft approached the airport from the southeast and turned to a northerly heading to cross the Ohio River. It turned west after crossing to the northern shore of the
368:
showed the aircraft descended through 500 feet (150 m) in the last 42 seconds before impact, a normal rate of descent for the landing phase of operation. The CAB determined that the probable cause of the accident was the pilots' failure to properly monitor their altitude during a visual
312:
Ohio River, intending to make a final turn to southeast after crossing the Ohio River (which runs from northwest to southeast) again to the southern shore of the river. After that final turn, the aircraft would line up with the runway 18 of the airport to make the final approach.
290:
The flight was delayed for 20 minutes in New York. Captain Daniel Teelin was flying in the right seat as check captain for
Captain William O'Neill, who was qualifying on the 727. Until the landing attempt, the flight from New York to Cincinnati was uneventful. At 18:45 (6:45 PM)
652: (5th Cir. 1969) ("After an eighteen day trial, upon a jury verdict, judgment was entered against American in the sum of $ 175,000, plus funeral expenses. The District Judge found the United States not guilty of any negligence which contributed to the crash.").
406:, in an attempt to shift liability for the crash to meteorologists and air traffic controllers for failure to warn the pilots of inclement weather or revoke the visual approach clearance. American Airlines also alleged that the accident was due to a
688:
1873:
2523:
502:
for each company that buys one of its aircraft, which is applied as a suffix to the model number at the time the aircraft is built, hence "727-123" designates a 727-100 built for
American Airlines (customer code
1866:
360:(CAB) investigated the accident. CAB investigators concluded that the aircraft was working normally and fully under the control of the pilots at the time of the crash. The aircraft was not equipped with a
383:
after descending through 0 feet (relative to the airport altitude), or they may have had their hands full controlling the plane in severe weather and simply failed to notice the readings on the altimeter.
696:
1859:
315:
At 18:58 (6:58 PM), the approach controller transferred Flight 383 to the
Cincinnati tower frequency. At 18:59 (6:59 PM), Flight 383 received clearance from the tower controller to land on runway 18.
398:
The estate of Samuel Creasy, one of the passengers who died aboard Flight 383, sued
American Airlines for wrongful death. American Airlines responded by filing a third-party complaint against the
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1604:
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rather than pilot error. A jury found AA liable for the accident and awarded Creasy's family $ 175,000 plus funeral expenses, a decision that was upheld on appeal to the
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376:
Lights from the houses in the Ohio River valley, located 400 feet (120 m) below the altitude of the airport, may have conveyed an illusion of runway lights.
1493:
282:), serial number 18901. The Boeing 727 was delivered to American Airlines on June 29, 1965, and had operated a total of 938 hours at the time of the accident.
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411:
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783:
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83:
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556:"Aircraft Accident Report, American Airlines, Inc. Boeing 727, N1996, Near the Greater Cincinnati Airport, Constance, Kentucky, November 8, 1965"
340:, an American record producer. Another was a deadheading American Airlines captain, Elmer Weekly, who later testified at the accident hearings.
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at
Cincinnati. The weather was fine near the airport except for thunder clouds developing northwest of the airport across the
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The flight crew may have been confused about their true altitude, due to misinterpretation of the aircraft's drum-type
769:
Detail
Description of the events and investigation of the crash from CASA Flight Safety Magazine (February 2006 issue)
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Despite the rapidly deteriorating weather conditions, the flight crew chose to make a visual approach to the runway.
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A late departure from New York and the deteriorating weather at
Cincinnati may have put pressure on the flight crew.
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crashed on the same hill while on approach to
Cincinnati under poor visibility conditions.
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8:
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1534:
895:
443:
308:
254:, with 57 passengers, and 5 crew on board. The aircraft crashed on final approach to the
72:
779:
NTSB brief on another
American Airlines Flight 383 incident on June 16, 1993 (non-fatal)
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1882:
Aviation accidents and incidents in the United States and U.S. territories in the 1960s
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1321:
885:
875:
855:
372:
It was later believed that the following factors might have contributed to the crash:
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19:
This article is about the accident that occurred in 1965. For the 2016 incident, see
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773:
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263:
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1316:
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Airliner accidents and incidents involving controlled flight into terrain
1341:
1336:
478:
352:
CAB engineer examines the flight recorder of American Airlines Flight 383
2481:
An asterisk (*) denotes an incident that took place in a U.S. territory.
664:"This week in Cincinnati history: 70 killed in worst plane crash at CVG"
266:. Only three passengers and one flight attendant survived the accident.
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123:
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On December 13, 2017, Toni Ketchell, the surviving crew member, died.
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623:. Fyshwick, ACT: Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd. pp. 42–43.
40:
An American Airlines Boeing 727-23, similar to the one involved.
332:
Of the 62 people on board the aircraft, only four people (one
2499:
Aviation accidents and incidents in the United States in 1965
296:
471:(pilot error reading a drum-type altimeter on a Boeing 707)
307:
valley. At 18:57 (6:57 PM), Flight 383 was cleared by the
336:
and three passengers) survived. One of the survivors was
2519:
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by pilot error
2539:Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport
2514:Airliner accidents and incidents caused by weather
256:Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport
174:Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport
2534:Accidents and incidents involving the Boeing 727
2490:
498:The aircraft was a Boeing 727-100 model; Boeing
369:approach into deteriorating weather conditions.
1036:
285:
1867:
1494:
1368:Association of Professional Flight Attendants
804:
693:Association of Professional Flight Attendants
689:"APFA Mourns the Passing of FA Toni Ketchell"
550:
548:
546:
544:
542:
540:
2509:Airliner accidents and incidents in Kentucky
538:
536:
534:
532:
530:
528:
526:
524:
522:
520:
637:
16:1965 aviation accident in the United States
1874:
1860:
1635:Pakistan International Airlines Flight 705
1501:
1487:
811:
797:
299:company radio to report a 19:05 (7:05 PM)
34:
2544:November 1965 events in the United States
2529:American Airlines accidents and incidents
517:
417:Two years after the crash of Flight 383,
2337:Braniff International Airways Flight 352
2237:Braniff International Airways Flight 250
347:
250:on November 8, 1965. The aircraft was a
2420:Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 933
645:American Airlines Inc. v. United States
2491:
1775:Argentine Air Force C-54 disappearance
2031:Canadian Pacific Air Lines Flight 301
1913:Chicago Helicopter Airways Flight 698
1855:
1482:
818:
792:
661:
329:exploded and was engulfed in flames.
295:, the crew contacted the airline via
2432:Hawthorne Nevada Airlines Flight 708
2373:Wien Consolidated Airlines Flight 55
2231:American Flyers Airline Flight 280/D
2078:Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 293
2066:Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 705
1990:Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 706
1907:Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 710
1675:Canadian Pacific Air Lines Flight 21
1765:British European Airways Flight 706
1615:British United Airways Flight 1030X
722:Full Civil Aeronautics Board report
618:
481:that crashed near Flight 383's site
449:American Airlines Flight 383 (2016)
21:American Airlines Flight 383 (2016)
13:
1725:Hong Kong US Marines KC-130F Crash
591:
14:
2555:
2397:North Central Airlines Flight 458
774:The last words of the flight crew
715:
662:Noble, Greg (November 16, 2015).
459:Ariana Afghan Airlines Flight 701
434:1961 Cincinnati Zantop DC-4 crash
2260:Lake Central Airlines Flight 527
1695:Cambrian Airways Liverpool crash
1511:Aviation accidents and incidents
1463:
1462:
594:"Last words – ATC conversations"
469:South African Airways Flight 228
343:
1755:Philippine Air Lines Flight 741
580:National Transportation Library
400:Federal Aviation Administration
2349:Los Angeles Airways Flight 417
2343:Los Angeles Airways Flight 841
2272:West Coast Airlines Flight 720
2243:West Coast Airlines Flight 956
2178:Continental Airlines Flight 12
2025:Continental Airlines Flight 11
1996:Imperial Airlines Flight 201/8
1655:Continental Airlines Flight 12
784:Photo of the accident aircraft
681:
655:
612:
585:
492:
412:Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals
63:Controlled flight into terrain
1:
2462:Allegheny Airlines Flight 853
2414:Allegheny Airlines Flight 737
2379:Allegheny Airlines Flight 736
2355:Northeast Airlines Flight 946
2184:Allegheny Airlines Flight 604
2119:Paradise Airlines Flight 901A
1960:American Airlines Flight 1502
1895:National Airlines Flight 2511
1705:Allegheny Airlines Flight 604
1389:Passenger Service Association
510:
439:American Airlines Flight 1420
2296:Lake Erie skydiving disaster
2196:American Airlines Flight 383
2166:Eastern Air Lines Flight 663
2143:Flying Tiger Line Flight 282
2137:Bonanza Air Lines Flight 114
2125:Pacific Air Lines Flight 773
2113:Eastern Air Lines Flight 304
2043:Eastern Air Lines Flight 512
2002:Cincinnati Zantop DC-4 crash
1925:Eastern Air Lines Flight 375
1785:American Airlines Flight 383
1665:Little Baldon Hastings crash
1575:Eastern Air Lines Flight 663
1404:History of American Airlines
454:American Airlines Flight 965
393:
274:The aircraft involved was a
240:American Airlines Flight 383
29:American Airlines Flight 383
7:
2426:United Air Lines Flight 266
2290:Piedmont Airlines Flight 22
2278:Delta Air Lines Flight 9877
2202:United Air Lines Flight 227
2190:United Air Lines Flight 389
2131:United Air Lines Flight 823
2037:United Air Lines Flight 297
1972:United Air Lines Flight 859
1825:Philippine Sea A-4 incident
1795:United Air Lines Flight 227
1745:Gujarat Beechcraft incident
1715:United Air Lines Flight 389
1605:Khanty-Mansiysk An-24 crash
427:
318:
286:Events leading to the crash
269:
10:
2560:
2468:Mohawk Airlines Flight 411
2444:Delta Air Lines Flight 821
2391:Ozark Air Lines Flight 982
2331:Ozark Air Lines Flight 965
2107:Savage Mountain B-52 crash
2084:Mohawk Airlines Flight 112
2019:American Airlines Flight 1
1978:Alaska Airlines Flight 779
1937:New York mid-air collision
1901:Capital Airlines Flight 20
1685:Skyways Coach-Air Avro 748
911:Pacific Southwest Airlines
866:American Overseas Airlines
242:was a nonstop flight from
18:
2477:
2406:
2323:
2284:Mohawk Airlines Flight 40
2252:
2217:
2152:
2099:
2052:
2011:
1946:
1887:
1834:
1555:USAF KC-135 Wichita crash
1526:
1458:
1396:
1363:Allied Pilots Association
1355:
1294:
1272:
1234:
1027:
1014:American Airlines Shuttle
1006:
985:
959:
836:
826:
301:estimated time of arrival
229:
221:
213:
205:
197:
189:
169:
149:
139:
129:
119:
114:
68:
58:
50:
45:
33:
2479:This list is incomplete.
2361:Japan Air Lines Flight 2
2208:Carmel mid-air collision
1919:World Airways Flight 830
1815:Carmel mid-air collision
1545:Aeroflot Flight 101/X-20
485:
2456:Newton Cessna 172 crash
1450:Transpacific Route Case
1414:American Airlines Group
936:Trans Caribbean Airways
619:Job, Macarthur (1994).
563:Civil Aeronautics Board
358:Civil Aeronautics Board
2060:Elephant Mountain B-52
1931:Cal Poly football team
695:. 2017. Archived from
362:cockpit voice recorder
353:
881:Lake Central Airlines
861:America West Airlines
851:All American Aviation
764:NTSB brief DCA66A0003
621:Air Disaster Volume 1
500:assigns a unique code
351:
293:Eastern Standard Time
278:(registration number
99:39.08639°N 84.66194°W
1966:Yuba City B-52 crash
1954:Goldsboro B-52 crash
1565:LAN-Chile Flight 107
941:Trans World Airlines
650:418 F.2d 180
366:flight data recorder
2308:X-15 Flight 3-65-97
2160:USAF KC-135 Wichita
1992:(September 17 1961)
1843:► 1966
1837:1964 ◄
1595:Aeroflot Flight 513
1585:Aeroflot Flight 542
1535:Aeroflot Flight 112
896:MidAtlantic Airways
444:Alitalia Flight 404
309:approach controller
104:39.08639; -84.66194
95: /
30:
2438:Prinair Flight 277
2399:(December 27 1968)
2393:(December 27 1968)
2387:(December 26 1968)
2381:(December 24 1968)
2369:(November 24 1968)
2363:(November 22 1968)
2316:(November 20 1967)
2310:(November 15 1967)
2204:(November 11 1965)
2045:(November 30 1962)
2039:(November 23 1962)
2004:(November 14 1961)
1986:(September 1 1961)
1840:
1805:Aeroflot Flight 99
886:Marquette Airlines
876:Executive Airlines
856:Allegheny Airlines
699:on January 1, 2018
577:See version at the
354:
120:Aircraft type
28:
2486:
2485:
2428:(January 18 1969)
2422:(January 13 1969)
2385:Pan Am Flight 799
2375:(December 2 1968)
2367:Pan Am Flight 281
2304:(November 6 1967)
2198:(November 8 1965)
2172:Pan Am Flight 843
2090:Pan Am Flight 214
1998:(November 8 1961)
1962:(January 28 1961)
1956:(January 24 1961)
1933:(October 29 1960)
1921:(September 1960)*
1903:(January 18 1960)
1849:
1848:
1735:Pan Am Flight 292
1645:Pan Am Flight 843
1625:Iberia Flight 401
1476:
1475:
1434:Celebrated Living
1290:
1289:
977:C.R. Smith Museum
921:Piedmont Airlines
820:American Airlines
600:on April 17, 2014
565:. October 7, 1966
237:
236:
154:LaGuardia Airport
134:American Airlines
2551:
2504:1965 in Kentucky
2464:(September 1969)
2416:(January 6 1969)
1927:(October 4 1960)
1897:(January 6 1960)
1876:
1869:
1862:
1853:
1852:
1841:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1503:
1496:
1489:
1480:
1479:
1466:
1465:
1347:George A. Spater
1332:Thomas W. Horton
1034:
1033:
931:Simmons Airlines
813:
806:
799:
790:
789:
709:
708:
706:
704:
685:
679:
678:
676:
674:
659:
653:
647:
641:
635:
634:
616:
610:
609:
607:
605:
596:. Archived from
589:
583:
574:
572:
570:
560:
552:
504:
496:
334:flight attendant
260:Hebron, Kentucky
110:
109:
107:
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96:
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79:, United States
54:November 8, 1965
38:
31:
27:
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2473:
2470:(November 1969)
2450:TWA Flight 5787
2446:(March 25 1969)
2440:(March 5 1969)*
2434:(February 1969)
2402:
2319:
2280:(March 30 1967)
2274:(March 10 1967)
2248:
2227:(February 1966)
2225:NASA T-38 crash
2213:
2210:(December 1965)
2168:(February 1965)
2148:
2145:(December 1964)
2139:(November 1964)
2115:(February 1964)
2095:
2092:(December 1963)
2068:(February 1963)
2048:
2007:
1942:
1939:(December 1960)
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1509:
1507:
1477:
1472:
1454:
1419:AMR Corporation
1392:
1351:
1327:Robert Crandall
1312:Albert V. Casey
1307:Donald J. Carty
1286:
1274:
1268:
1236:
1230:
1038:
1023:
1002:
981:
955:
916:Parks Air Lines
906:Ozark Air Lines
901:Mohawk Airlines
871:Empire Airlines
838:
832:
822:
817:
718:
713:
712:
702:
700:
687:
686:
682:
672:
670:
660:
656:
643:
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590:
586:
568:
566:
558:
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518:
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508:
507:
497:
493:
488:
464:Aviation safety
430:
396:
346:
338:Israel Horowitz
321:
288:
272:
185:, United States
177:
165:, United States
157:
103:
101:
97:
94:
89:
86:
84:
82:
81:
80:
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2557:
2547:
2546:
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2536:
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2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2484:
2483:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2465:
2459:
2453:
2447:
2441:
2435:
2429:
2423:
2417:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2394:
2388:
2382:
2376:
2370:
2364:
2358:
2357:(October 1968)
2352:
2346:
2340:
2334:
2327:
2325:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2314:TWA Flight 128
2311:
2305:
2302:TWA Flight 159
2299:
2293:
2287:
2281:
2275:
2269:
2268:(March 9 1967)
2266:TWA Flight 553
2263:
2262:(March 5 1967)
2256:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2245:(October 1966)
2240:
2234:
2228:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2187:
2186:(July 23 1965)
2181:
2175:
2169:
2163:
2162:(January 1965)
2156:
2154:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2140:
2134:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2110:
2109:(January 1964)
2103:
2101:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2087:
2081:
2075:
2069:
2063:
2062:(January 1963)
2056:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2005:
1999:
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1984:TWA Flight 529
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1019:American Eagle
1016:
1010:
1008:
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1003:
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989:
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846:Air California
842:
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716:External links
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475:TWA Flight 128
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429:
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419:TWA Flight 128
404:Weather Bureau
395:
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345:
342:
320:
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287:
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276:Boeing 727-100
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2192:(August 1965)
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2180:(July 1 1965)
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1356:Organizations
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1094:December 2001
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946:Trump Shuttle
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723:
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719:
698:
694:
690:
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669:
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651:
646:
640:
632:
630:1-875671-11-0
626:
622:
615:
599:
595:
588:
581:
578:
564:
557:
551:
549:
547:
545:
543:
541:
539:
537:
535:
533:
531:
529:
527:
525:
523:
521:
516:
501:
495:
491:
480:
476:
473:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
431:
425:
422:
420:
415:
413:
409:
405:
401:
388:
385:
382:
378:
375:
374:
373:
370:
367:
363:
359:
350:
344:Investigation
341:
339:
335:
330:
327:
316:
313:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
283:
281:
277:
267:
265:
264:United States
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
244:New York City
241:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
175:
172:
168:
164:
160:
159:New York City
155:
152:
150:Flight origin
148:
144:
142:
138:
135:
132:
128:
125:
124:Boeing 727-23
122:
118:
113:
108:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
61:
57:
53:
49:
44:
37:
32:
26:
22:
2339:(May 3 1968)
2333:(March 1968)
2233:(April 1966)
2195:
2121:(March 1964)
2074:(March 1963)
2072:Camden PA-24
2021:(March 1962)
1968:(March 1961)
1909:(March 1960)
1784:
1432:
1427:American Way
1425:
1317:O. Roy Chalk
1302:Gerard Arpey
1143:
1089:October 1943
839:acquisitions
703:December 31,
701:. Retrieved
697:the original
692:
683:
671:. Retrieved
657:
644:
639:
620:
614:
602:. Retrieved
598:the original
587:
567:. Retrieved
494:
423:
416:
397:
371:
355:
331:
322:
314:
289:
279:
273:
239:
238:
141:Registration
25:
2452:(July 1969)
2292:(July 1967)
2286:(June 1967)
2174:(June 1965)
2133:(July 1964)
2086:(July 1963)
2080:(June 1963)
2033:(July 1962)
1915:(July 1960)
1379:Association
1342:C. R. Smith
1337:Doug Parker
1282:Flight 5966
1264:Flight 5456
1259:Flight 5452
1254:Flight 4184
1249:Flight 3379
1244:Flight 3378
1226:Flight 6780
1221:Flight 6001
1216:Flight 1572
1211:Flight 1502
1206:Flight 1420
1140:Flight 383
837:Mergers and
479:Convair 880
258:located in
170:Destination
102: /
2493:Categories
2127:(May 1964)
2027:(May 1962)
1440:Reservisor
1322:E. L. Cord
1275:Connection
1201:Flight 965
1196:Flight 924
1191:Flight 910
1186:Flight 723
1181:Flight 711
1176:Flight 625
1171:Flight 587
1166:Flight 514
1161:Flight 476
1156:Flight 444
1136:Flight 331
1131:Flight 320
1126:Flight 293
1121:Flight 191
1116:Flight 157
1111:Flight 102
1080:Flight 63
1066:Flight 009
993:AAdvantage
960:Facilities
951:US Airways
511:References
326:Ohio River
305:Ohio River
252:Boeing 727
248:Cincinnati
214:Fatalities
198:Passengers
90:84°39′43″W
1387:Teamsters
1106:Flight 96
1101:Flight 77
1084:July 1943
1076:Flight 28
1071:Flight 11
1045:Flight 1
1029:Incidents
972:AA Center
408:downdraft
394:Aftermath
381:altimeter
230:Survivors
190:Occupants
87:39°5′11″N
73:Constance
1468:Category
1273:American
1235:American
1061:Flight 2
1039:Airlines
1037:American
998:AAirpass
986:Programs
967:AA Arena
926:Reno Air
891:MetroJet
829:Oneworld
752:Figure 5
747:Figure 4
742:Figure 3
737:Figure 2
732:Figure 1
673:July 23,
604:July 16,
592:Daniel.
569:July 21,
428:See also
402:and the
319:Accident
270:Aircraft
222:Injuries
183:Kentucky
163:New York
130:Operator
115:Aircraft
77:Kentucky
46:Accident
1515: (
1513:in 1965
1397:Related
726:Archive
668:WCPO-TV
364:. The
59:Summary
1801:Nov 11
1791:Nov 11
1761:Oct 27
1751:Oct 20
1741:Sep 19
1731:Sep 17
1721:Aug 24
1711:Aug 16
1701:Jul 23
1691:Jul 20
1681:Jul 10
1641:Jun 28
1631:May 20
1611:Apr 14
1601:Mar 20
1551:Jan 16
1295:People
1007:Brands
831:member
648:,
627:
179:Hebron
1821:Dec 5
1811:Dec 4
1781:Nov 8
1771:Nov 2
1671:Jul 8
1661:Jul 6
1651:Jul 1
1621:May 5
1591:Mar 8
1581:Mar 7
1571:Feb 8
1561:Feb 6
1541:Jan 4
1531:Jan 2
1445:Sabre
1409:Fleet
1237:Eagle
757:Table
559:(PDF)
486:Notes
297:ARINC
280:N1996
145:N1996
2407:1969
2324:1968
2253:1967
2218:1966
2153:1965
2100:1964
2053:1963
2012:1962
1947:1961
1888:1960
1517:1965
1149:2016
1144:1965
1054:1962
1049:1941
705:2017
675:2016
625:ISBN
606:2013
571:2016
503:23).
477:, a
356:The
206:Crew
69:Site
51:Date
1383:CWA
1377:IAM
1373:TWU
246:to
2495::
728:)
691:.
666:.
575:-
561:.
519:^
414:.
262:,
217:58
201:57
193:62
181:,
161:,
75:,
1875:e
1868:t
1861:v
1519:)
1502:e
1495:t
1488:v
1385:/
1375:-
812:e
805:t
798:v
724:(
707:.
677:.
633:.
608:.
582:.
573:.
233:4
225:4
209:5
176:,
156:,
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
