509:
482:
69:
497:
521:
6486:
3225:
51:
3194:
1099:), stability that has permitted the continued survival of tropical forests on New Caledonia. In contrast, drought conditions dominated the Australian climate towards the end of the Tertiary. Current threats to biodiversity in New Caledonia include fires, mining, agriculture, invasion by introduced species, urbanization and global warming. The importance of conserving
1056:
mitochondrial genome revealed that for every gene of its own origin, it contains about six versions from the genomes of an assortment of the plants and algae growing with or upon it. The evolutionary and physiological significance of this is not as yet clear, nor in particular is it clear whether the
440:
directed downwards. Staminate flowers are approximately 4 to 5 mm in diameter, with 6 to 15 tepals. These flowers bear 10 to 21 spirally arranged stamens, which become progressively smaller toward the center. The innermost may be sterile, amounting to staminodes. The stamens bear triangular
1013:
to the other flowering plants. Comparing characteristics of this basal angiosperm, other flowering plants and fossils may provide clues about how flowers first appeared—what Darwin called the "abominable mystery". This position is consistent with a number of conservative characteristics of its
2142:
Rice, D. W.; Alverson, A. J.; Richardson, A. O.; Young, G. J.; Sanchez-Puerta, M. V.; Munzinger, J.; Barry, K.; Boore, J. L.; Zhang, Y.; dePamphilis, C. W.; Knox, E. B.; Palmer, J. D. (19 December 2013). "Horizontal
Transfer of Entire Genomes via Mitochondrial Fusion in the Angiosperm
373:
develops. Plants may change from one reproductive morphology to the other. In one study, seven cuttings from a staminate plant produced, as expected, staminate flowers at their first flowering, but three of the seven produced carpellate flowers at their second flowering.
441:
anthers on short broad filaments. An anther consists of four pollen sacs, two on each side, with a small sterile central connective. The anthers have connective tips with small bumps and may be covered with secretions. These features suggest that, as with other
1008:
of the flowering plant lineage. That is, the
Amborellaceae represent a line of flowering plants that diverged very early on (more than 130 million years ago) from all the other extant species of flowering plants, and, among extant flowering plants, is the
1847:; Carlson, J. E.; Farmerie, W. G.; Wall, P. K.; Ilut, D. C.; Solow, T. M.; Mueller, L. A.; Landherr, L. L.; Hu, Y.; Buzgo, M.; Kim, S.; Yoo, M.-J.; Frohlich, M. W.; Perl-Treves, R.; Schlarbaum, S. E.; Zhang, X.; Tanksley, S. D.; Oppenheimer, D. G.;
2356:
Zuccolo, A.; Bowers, J. E.; Estill, J. C.; Xiong, Z.; Luo, M.; Sebastian, A.; Goicoechea, J. L.; Collura, K.; Yu, Y.; Jiao, Y.; Duarte, J.; Tang, H.; Ayyampalayam, S.; Rounsley, S.; Kudrna, D.; Paterson, A. H.; Pires, J. C.; Chanderbali, A.;
1433:
Thien, L. B.; Sage, T. L.; Jaffré, T.; Bernhardt, P.; Pontieri, V.; Weston, P. H.; Malloch, D.; Azuma, H.; Graham, S. W.; McPherson, M. A.; Rai, H. S.; Sage, R. F. & Dupre, J.-L. (2003). "The
Population Structure and Floral Biology of
978:: one theory is that the Amborellaceae alone are the monophyletic sister to the extant angiosperms; another proposes that the Amborellaceae and Nymphaeales form a clade that is the sister group to all other extant angiosperms.
2210:, p. 55. "La disparition d'Amborella trichopoda impliquerait donc la disparition d'un genre, d'une famille et d'un ordre entier, ainsi que le seul témoin d'au moins 140 millions d'années d'histoire évolutive."
974:
branched off from the main lineage of angiosperms before the ancestors of any other living angiosperms. There is however some uncertainty about the relationship between the
Amborellaceae and the
1107:
would imply the disappearance of a genus, a family and an entire order, as well as the only witness to at least 140 million years of evolutionary history." Conservation strategies targeted on
685:
is apparently basal among the flowering plants, the features of early flowering plants can be inferred by comparing derived traits shared by the main angiosperm lineage but not present in
121:
2303:; Albert, V. A.; Leebens-Mack, J.; Palmer, J. D.; Wing, Rod A.; dePamphilis, Claude W.; Ma, Hong; Carlson, John E.; Altman, Naomi; Kim, Sangtae; Wall, P. K.; Zuccolo, A. &
125:
2486:
1937:(2013). "Angiosperm Phylogeny: A Framework for Studies of Genome Evolution". In Leitch, Ilia J.; Greilhuber, Johann; Doležel, Jaroslav & Wendel, Jonathan F. (eds.).
1022:
characteristic of most flowering plants. The genes responsible for floral traits like scent and colors in other angiosperms, have yet to be found. Further, the female
129:
1044:
plant in the wild, is commonly in intimate contact with shade- and moisture-dependent organisms such as algae, lichens and mosses. In those circumstances, some
681:
of angiosperms. In systematics the term "basal" describes a lineage that diverges near the base of a phylogeny, and thus earlier than other lineages. Since
7378:
7143:
6644:
2444:
L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.
361:), but not both. At any one time, a dioecious plant produces only functionally staminate or functionally carpellate flowers. Staminate ("male")
2084:
7404:
7169:
6882:
6657:
3261:
2365:; Albert, V. A.; Ma, H.; Mandoli, D.; Banks, J.; Carlson, J. E.; Tomkins, J.; dePamphilis, C. W.; Wing, R. A. & Leebens-Mack, J. (2011).
710:
arranged in spirals on an elongated, cone-like receptacle rather than the small numbers of parts in distinct whorls of more derived flowers.
1052:
and such associated species is not surprising in principle, but the scale of such transfer has caused considerable surprise. Sequencing the
7527:
2513:
981:
Because of its evolutionary position at the base of the flowering plant clade, there was support for sequencing the complete genome of
508:
428: in) in diameter, with 7 or 8 tepals. There are 1 to 3 (or rarely 0) well-differentiated staminodes and a spiral of 4 to 8 free (
7352:
7091:
6817:
6592:
3309:
2561:
970:
to all other angiosperms, and shows the gymnosperms as a monophyletic group sister to the angiosperms. It supports the theory that
985:
to serve as a reference for evolutionary studies. In 2010, the US National
Science Foundation began a genome sequencing effort in
7517:
7391:
7156:
7104:
6830:
6605:
520:
316:. The leaves are two-ranked, with distinctly serrated or rippled margins, and about 8 to 10 centimetres (3 to 4 inches) long.
1978:
Biodiversité, origine et évolution des
Cunoniaceae : implications pour la conservation de la flore de Nouvelle-Calédonie
1954:
1413:
7396:
2435:
7507:
7161:
460:
can be seen at the tip of the fruit. The skin is papery, surrounding a thin fleshy layer containing a red juice. The inner
17:
1530:
Posluszny, U.; Tomlinson, P.B. (2003), "Aspects of inflorescence and floral development in the putative basal angiosperm
1210:
1162:
2130:
1742:
1084:
The islands of New
Caledonia are a biodiversity hot-spot, preserving many early diverging lineages of plants, of which
1812:"An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV",
7522:
3254:
1667:
1237:"An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III"
7479:
7409:
1599:
Floyd, S.K. & Friedman, W.E. (2001). "Developmental evolution of endosperm in basal angiosperms: evidence from
637:
recognized this family, but left it unplaced at order rank due to uncertainty about its relationship to the family
456:(approximately 5 to 7 mm long and 5 mm wide) borne on a short (1 to 2 mm) stalk. The remains of the
7174:
6887:
6662:
481:
7130:
6856:
6631:
2506:
1192:
1144:
7213:
6770:
6756:
6949:
389:, with up to three orders of branching, each branch being terminated by a flower. Each flower is subtended by
6988:
6688:
3288:
2540:
2446:
2423:
1902:
6489:
3314:
3304:
3247:
2566:
2556:
237:
1301:
7300:
7044:
7039:
1202:
1154:
1057:
horizontal gene transfer has anything to do with the apparent stability and conservatism of the species.
6835:
7208:
6944:
6683:
3228:
2499:
1976:
1198:
1150:
1069:
740:
642:
6936:
2457:
68:
7532:
7484:
7419:
697:
343:
7109:
6610:
2466:
3299:
2551:
1560:
Endress, P. K. & Igersheim, Anton (2000). "The
Reproductive Structures of the Basal Angiosperm
1045:
1355:
Carlquist, S. J. & Schneider, E. L. (2001). "Vegetative anatomy of the New
Caledonian endemic
7030:
7445:
2476:
7291:
7200:
6874:
6506:
1001:
748:
271:
6649:
496:
7440:
7195:
7148:
2481:
1005:
674:
353:. This means that each plant produces either male flowers (meaning that they have functional
185:
7432:
7383:
7187:
6900:
6675:
2002:
Drew, B. T.; Ruhfel, B. R.; Smith, S. A.; Moore, M. J.; Briggs, B. G.; Gitzendanner, M. A.;
700:" (i.e. ancestral) floral traits in angiosperms, accepted until relatively recently, is the
653:, the Amborellaceae comprise the monotypic order Amborellales at the base of the angiosperm
365:
flowers do not have carpels, whereas the carpellate ("female") flowers have non-functional "
7512:
7326:
7065:
6791:
6566:
2156:
1707:
1620:
1112:
715:
572:
488:
2271:
Endress, P.K.; Igersheim, A. (2000). "The reproductive structures of the basal angiosperm
1338:
1088:
is but one. This preservation has been ascribed to climate stability during and since the
282:, meaning it was the earliest group to evolve separately from all other flowering plants.
8:
6544:
1282:(in French). Vol. 11. Paris: Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle. pp. 157–160.
3239:
2160:
1711:
1624:
7466:
7244:
6970:
6709:
6329:
5547:
5439:
5063:
3550:
3294:
3212:
2546:
2397:
2366:
2339:
2308:
2288:
2259:
2251:
2190:
1879:
1852:
1795:
1764:
1723:
1656:
1636:
1581:
1505:
1455:
1386:
713:
In a study designed to clarify relationships between well-studied model plants such as
63:
2491:
1300:
Große-Veldmann, B.; Korotkova, N.; Reinken, B.; Lobin, W. & Barthlott, W. (2011).
1111:
species are recommended, both preserving a diversity of habitats in New
Caledonia and
7427:
7313:
7182:
7052:
6923:
6895:
6778:
6670:
6553:
6286:
6085:
5637:
5497:
5426:
5349:
5230:
5116:
5033:
4398:
3389:
3325:
3206:
3021:
2402:
2344:
2300:
2263:
2182:
2113:
2068:
2033:
2007:
1950:
1934:
1884:
1844:
1663:
1481:
1409:
1253:
1236:
1031:
442:
2292:
1768:
1727:
1585:
1509:
1390:
989:, and the draft genome sequence was posted on the project website in December 2013.
7471:
7318:
7249:
6975:
6783:
6714:
6558:
6170:
6160:
6120:
6100:
5876:
5806:
5781:
5728:
5502:
5492:
5255:
5192:
5136:
5111:
4857:
4762:
4729:
4519:
4433:
4428:
4403:
4304:
4266:
4174:
3838:
3701:
3676:
3671:
3464:
3381:
3218:
2803:
2632:
2602:
2392:
2382:
2362:
2334:
2324:
2304:
2280:
2241:
2194:
2172:
2164:
2105:
2060:
2023:
2003:
1942:
1930:
1874:
1864:
1848:
1821:
1791:
1754:
1715:
1640:
1628:
1573:
1543:
1497:
1477:
1447:
1376:
1368:
1258:
1248:
1108:
545:
7305:
6910:
2467:
Ancient plant provides clues to evolutionary mystery (National Science Foundation)
1782:
Dahlgren, R.M.T. (1980). "A revised system of classification of the angiosperms".
7236:
7057:
6529:
6451:
6238:
6105:
6090:
5670:
5557:
5537:
5532:
5522:
5487:
5303:
5298:
5098:
5068:
5038:
4922:
4887:
4847:
4822:
4812:
4772:
4524:
4413:
4296:
4271:
4166:
4138:
4128:
3921:
3891:
3833:
3818:
3681:
3507:
3414:
3271:
3106:
2964:
2614:
2577:
2523:
2461:
2450:
2439:
2432:
2427:
2096:
Rudall, Paula (2006). "How many nuclei make an embryo sac in flowering plants?".
1206:
1158:
788:
599:
327:
279:
106:
1946:
1853:"Floral gene resources from basal angiosperms for comparative genomics research"
7015:
6918:
6443:
6433:
6415:
6387:
6349:
6339:
6291:
6258:
6248:
6243:
6165:
6115:
6062:
6047:
5932:
5846:
5786:
5776:
5680:
5582:
5517:
5507:
5467:
5449:
5250:
5177:
4965:
4927:
4882:
4817:
4792:
4767:
4711:
4625:
4393:
4340:
4276:
4133:
4025:
4002:
3964:
3941:
3931:
3734:
3596:
3535:
3399:
3129:
3086:
3031:
2703:
2627:
1019:
776:
646:
339:
93:
1759:
1698:
Thorne, Robert F. (1992). "Classification and geography of flowering plants".
7501:
7276:
6869:
6741:
6425:
6354:
6324:
6301:
6296:
6281:
6233:
6200:
6195:
6130:
5924:
5909:
5856:
5836:
5796:
5791:
5771:
5733:
5685:
5632:
5622:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5542:
5457:
5434:
5416:
5384:
5369:
5331:
5235:
5215:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5053:
5048:
5028:
5013:
4975:
4970:
4917:
4907:
4902:
4852:
4832:
4807:
4797:
4698:
4620:
4600:
4539:
4534:
4514:
4448:
4418:
4378:
4286:
4281:
4228:
4098:
4060:
4035:
4007:
3992:
3936:
3916:
3911:
3828:
3795:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3726:
3716:
3706:
3686:
3656:
3588:
3555:
3545:
3512:
3502:
3492:
3361:
3343:
3275:
3008:
2969:
2901:
2819:
2679:
2527:
2387:
1076:
has a mixed pollination system, relying on both insect pollinators and wind.
873:
763:
650:
634:
378:
241:
145:
7458:
2329:
2168:
2085:
Water lily genome expands picture of the early evolution of flowering plants
2028:
2011:
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6962:
6701:
6364:
6359:
6344:
6334:
6273:
6155:
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6110:
6067:
6057:
6011:
5988:
5978:
5950:
5851:
5831:
5801:
5743:
5690:
5612:
5567:
5527:
5482:
5472:
5462:
5354:
5323:
5288:
5273:
5187:
5182:
5088:
4842:
4837:
4802:
4782:
4757:
4744:
4734:
4706:
4663:
4658:
4615:
4582:
4567:
4529:
4506:
4443:
4438:
4423:
4388:
4370:
4322:
4261:
4256:
4248:
4123:
4083:
4017:
3997:
3987:
3979:
3946:
3906:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3785:
3780:
3744:
3661:
3540:
3497:
3394:
3371:
3335:
3076:
2931:
2911:
2861:
2793:
2761:
2756:
2709:
2406:
2358:
2348:
2186:
2117:
2072:
2037:
1888:
1278:
Jérémie, J. (1982). "Amborellacées". In A. Aubréville; J. F. Leroy (eds.).
1010:
967:
666:
638:
275:
267:
244:
in the southwest Pacific Ocean. The genus is the only member of the family
1869:
1632:
1372:
7365:
7285:
7117:
7024:
6843:
6750:
6618:
6538:
6319:
6215:
6175:
6150:
6145:
6135:
6003:
5993:
5983:
5965:
5914:
5866:
5861:
5841:
5821:
5748:
5675:
5617:
5572:
5512:
5477:
5374:
5364:
5308:
5220:
5159:
5154:
5106:
5078:
5058:
5018:
5000:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4867:
4862:
4827:
4721:
4678:
4653:
4577:
4549:
4544:
4383:
4360:
4345:
4314:
4233:
4108:
4088:
4050:
3901:
3896:
3873:
3858:
3800:
3790:
3696:
3691:
3643:
3560:
3484:
3469:
3446:
3441:
3366:
3353:
3144:
3139:
3068:
2984:
2906:
2848:
2837:
2738:
2727:
2697:
2669:
2596:
1359:: relationships with the Illiciales and implications for vessel origin".
1023:
975:
402:
302:
2255:
2064:
2051:
Friedman, W. E. (2009), "The meaning of Darwin's "abominable mystery"",
689:. These traits are presumed to have evolved after the divergence of the
7357:
7096:
6822:
6597:
6402:
6392:
6369:
6253:
6190:
6125:
6052:
6029:
5955:
5901:
5811:
5665:
5652:
5627:
5607:
5359:
5341:
5313:
5283:
5278:
5210:
5169:
5146:
5083:
5073:
5023:
5008:
4937:
4892:
4877:
4787:
4688:
4668:
4630:
4610:
4332:
4238:
4118:
4103:
4093:
3823:
3772:
3711:
3666:
3517:
3474:
3433:
3424:
3124:
3101:
3026:
2979:
2974:
2954:
2916:
2832:
2715:
2654:
2646:
2109:
1719:
1459:
1263:
1041:
888:
306:
223:
50:
7370:
6848:
2177:
1826:
1381:
1094:
7339:
7122:
7078:
6804:
6623:
6579:
6410:
6379:
6311:
6180:
6039:
6021:
5973:
5942:
5871:
5816:
5753:
5738:
5723:
5660:
5642:
5577:
5552:
5389:
5293:
5245:
5225:
4872:
4777:
4752:
4223:
4215:
4113:
4078:
4055:
4045:
4030:
3969:
3926:
3886:
3863:
3633:
3565:
3456:
3154:
3134:
3091:
3081:
2798:
2659:
2246:
2225:
2012:"Another Look at the Root of the Angiosperms Reveals a Familiar Tale"
752:
654:
461:
457:
437:
433:
429:
366:
350:
309:
216:
31:
7135:
6500:
1547:
1451:
7453:
7270:
7221:
7009:
6957:
6735:
6696:
6523:
6263:
6185:
6095:
6077:
5826:
5763:
5715:
5705:
5562:
5379:
5265:
5240:
5202:
5043:
4912:
4897:
4683:
4673:
4648:
4605:
4572:
4481:
4408:
4205:
4188:
4040:
3956:
3810:
3625:
3615:
3527:
3149:
3058:
3053:
3041:
2989:
2959:
2883:
2780:
2746:
2721:
2664:
2371:
genome sheds light on the evolution of angiosperm genome structure"
2284:
1577:
1501:
1299:
1089:
903:
850:
736:
731:
702:
401:. The tepals typically are arranged in a spiral, but sometimes are
394:
335:
233:
7344:
7083:
6861:
6809:
6584:
3193:
1306:— Cultivation of the most ancestral angiosperm in botanic gardens"
1135:
6983:
6636:
6225:
5891:
4990:
4945:
4640:
4592:
4559:
4473:
4197:
4143:
3651:
3116:
3096:
2946:
2936:
2926:
2921:
2808:
2443:
2420:
1906:
1183:
313:
253:
7331:
7070:
6796:
6571:
1743:"An updated phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants"
962:
This hypothesized relationship of the extant seed plants places
6765:
4496:
4463:
4070:
3881:
3159:
2893:
2871:
2751:
2691:
2472:
826:
725:
707:
465:
370:
358:
354:
201:
163:
2299:
1685:
The evolution and classification of flowering plants (2nd ed.)
1103:
has been dramatically stated by Pillon: "The disappearance of
6931:
678:
453:
449:
448:
Typically, 1 to 3 carpels per flower develop into fruit. The
398:
390:
386:
385:
of foliage leaves. The inflorescences have been described as
382:
323:
294:
226:
219:
80:
1851:; Ma, H.; dePamphilis, C. W. & Leebens-Mack, H. (2005).
1529:
2230:
Baill., a new morphological type of vesselless dicotyledon"
2141:
1842:
744:
472:. The embryo is small and surrounded by copious endosperm.
469:
342:
are absent. Xylem of this form has long been regarded as a
298:
230:
2454:
1984:(PhD) (in French and English). University of New Caledonia
1658:
An integrated system of classification of flowering plants
992:
526:
Diagram of a female flower with 5 carpels and 2 staminodes
3269:
2355:
1432:
2521:
2131:
Megan Scudellari. Genomes Gone Wild, January 1, 2014 |
445:, there is a high degree of developmental plasticity.
2477:
article with detailed photos of plants in cultivation
2313:
genome: an evolutionary reference for plant biology"
2201:
2001:
1014:
physiology and morphology; for example, the wood of
706:
blossom model. This envisions flowers with numerous
633:
is the only genus in the family Amborellaceae. The
1000:is of great interest to plant systematists because
432:) carpels. Carpels bear green ovaries; they lack a
408:
Carpellate flowers are roughly 3 to 4 millimetres (
1655:
1354:
1475:
1471:
1469:
7499:
2270:
1559:
377:The small, creamy white flowers are arranged in
4165:
1466:
1068:is typically dioecious, but has been known to
1004:analyses consistently place it at or near the
3255:
2507:
1598:
1568:. Current Perspectives on Basal Angiosperms.
1280:Flore de La Nouvelle-Calédonie et Dépendances
369:", structures resembling stamens in which no
357:) or female flowers (flowers with functional
3587:
1929:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1484:(2004). "Floral Developmental Morphology of
326:tissue that differs from that of most other
2223:
739:, and more derived angiosperms (eudicots),
3262:
3248:
2514:
2500:
1310:The Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture
49:
2396:
2386:
2338:
2328:
2245:
2224:Bailey, I.W. & Swamy, B.G.L. (1948).
2176:
2027:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1925:
1923:
1878:
1868:
1838:
1836:
1825:
1758:
1682:
1653:
1516:
1380:
1348:
1332:
1330:
1262:
1252:
2050:
2044:
1814:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
1807:
1805:
1784:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
1781:
1397:
1241:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
1231:
1229:
1227:
1030:is even more reduced than normal female
625:
301:up to 8 metres (26 feet) high. It bears
5703:
2421:The Amborella Genome Sequencing Project
2277:International Journal of Plant Sciences
1687:. Bronx, NY: New York Botanical Garden.
1662:. New York: Columbia University Press.
1566:International Journal of Plant Sciences
1553:
1490:International Journal of Plant Sciences
1440:Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden
1428:
1426:
1336:
1277:
993:Genomic and evolutionary considerations
436:. They contain a single ovule with the
14:
7500:
4472:
2207:
2095:
1974:
1963:
1920:
1833:
1740:
1697:
1403:
1327:
274:analyses consistently place it as the
6505:
6504:
4461:
3243:
2495:
1802:
1592:
1224:
7420:1628de46-45df-41e8-9ae1-692acd3971da
6989:813E27BC-21AF-4BA1-90AE-1500223FF841
6937:17AE28AC-1126-AF08-487D-7C1DE546FDE2
2471:National Tropical Botanical Garden (
1995:
1423:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1211:Australian National Botanic Gardens
1163:Australian National Botanic Gardens
24:
7528:Taxa named by Henri Ernest Baillon
7214:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77126703-1
2217:
1796:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1980.tb01661.x
548:, of 1981, classified the family:
25:
7544:
2455:Description language for taxonomy
2414:
1286:
514:Buds and staminate (male) flowers
6950:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:581745-1
6485:
6484:
3224:
3223:
3192:
2482:Nova "First Flower" (transcript)
1254:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
696:One early 20th century idea of "
519:
507:
495:
480:
67:
6689:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:27047-1
2234:Journal of the Arnold Arboretum
2135:
2124:
2089:
2078:
1939:Plant Genome Diversity Volume 2
1895:
1775:
1734:
1691:
1676:
1647:
1613:Plant Systematics and Evolution
1193:International Plant Names Index
1145:International Plant Names Index
1079:
393:. The bracts transition into a
7518:Endemic flora of New Caledonia
2279:. 161(supplement): S237–S248.
1271:
1176:
1128:
285:
266:is of great interest to plant
13:
1:
2361:; Chamala, S.; Barbazuk, B.;
1406:The Morphology of Angiosperms
1121:
346:feature of flowering plants.
719:, and the basal angiosperms
660:
7:
7508:Monotypic angiosperm genera
1947:10.1007/978-3-7091-1160-4_1
1941:. Springer. pp. 1–11.
1903:"Amborella Genome Database"
1203:Harvard University Herbaria
1155:Harvard University Herbaria
755:shown below was generated.
534:
10:
7549:
2053:American Journal of Botany
1741:Thorne, Robert F. (1992).
1536:Canadian Journal of Botany
1199:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1151:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1060:
539:
29:
7260:
6999:
6725:
6513:
6480:
6442:
6424:
6401:
6378:
6310:
6272:
6224:
6213:
6076:
6038:
6020:
6002:
5964:
5941:
5923:
5900:
5889:
5762:
5714:
5651:
5448:
5425:
5414:
5340:
5322:
5264:
5201:
5168:
5145:
5097:
4999:
4988:
4936:
4743:
4720:
4697:
4639:
4591:
4558:
4505:
4494:
4490:
4369:
4358:
4331:
4313:
4295:
4247:
4214:
4196:
4187:
4156:
4069:
4016:
3978:
3955:
3872:
3809:
3771:
3743:
3725:
3642:
3624:
3609:
3578:
3526:
3483:
3455:
3432:
3423:
3412:
3380:
3352:
3334:
3323:
3283:
3201:
3190:
3115:
3067:
3049:
3040:
3017:
3006:
2945:
2892:
2879:
2870:
2857:
2846:
2828:
2817:
2789:
2778:
2737:
2687:
2678:
2645:
2641:
2623:
2612:
2586:
2575:
2535:
1760:10.5642/aliso.19921302.08
1343:(2nd ed.). Elsevier.
901:
886:
871:
864:
847:
840:
823:
816:
799:
792:
774:
767:
468:and surrounds the single
191:
184:
64:Scientific classification
62:
57:
48:
41:
7523:Plants described in 1873
2388:10.1186/gb-2011-12-5-r48
2367:"A physical map for the
1046:horizontal gene transfer
612:Subclass Magnoliideae ,
30:Not to be confused with
7234:Watson & Dallwitz:
2330:10.1186/gb-2008-9-3-402
2169:10.1126/science.1246275
749:expressed sequence tags
609:Superorder Magnolianae
585:Subclass Magnoliideae
582:Superorder Magnolianae
561:Division Magnoliophyta
1683:Cronquist, A. (1988).
1654:Cronquist, A. (1981).
1408:. London: Hutchinson.
1337:Simpson, M.G. (2010).
1032:angiosperm gametophyte
1002:molecular phylogenetic
751:for floral genes, the
272:molecular phylogenetic
252:and contains a single
7441:Paleobiology Database
7196:Paleobiology Database
2487:NCBI Taxonomy Browser
2029:10.1093/sysbio/syt108
1870:10.1186/1471-2229-5-5
1633:10.1007/s006060170026
1404:Sporne, K.R. (1974).
1373:10.1353/psc.2001.0020
641:. In the more recent
626:Modern classification
615:Class Magnoliopsida .
558:Class Magnoliopsida
555:Subclass Magnoliidae
6911:Amborella_trichopoda
6771:amborella-trichopoda
6757:Amborella trichopoda
6727:Amborella trichopoda
2369:Amborella trichopoda
2273:Amborella trichopoda
2228:Amborella trichopoda
1562:Amborella trichopoda
1532:Amborella trichopoda
1486:Amborella trichopoda
1436:Amborella trichopoda
1357:Amborella trichopoda
1304:Amborella trichopoda
1247:(2): 105–121. 2009.
1138:Amborella trichopoda
1105:Amborella trichopoda
983:Amborella trichopoda
716:Arabidopsis thaliana
671:Amborella trichopoda
588:Class Magnoliopsida
573:Thorne system (1992)
489:Berkeley, California
397:of undifferentiated
259:Amborella trichopoda
236:to the main island,
195:Amborella trichopoda
18:Amborella trichopoda
2161:2013Sci...342.1468R
2155:(6165): 1468–1473.
2065:10.3732/ajb.0800150
1975:Pillon, Y. (2008).
1712:1992BotRv..58..225T
1625:2001PSyEv.228..153F
741:chloroplast genomes
6330:Pentaphragmataceae
5548:Stegnospermataceae
5440:Berberidopsidaceae
5064:Pentadiplandraceae
3551:Atherospermataceae
2475:, United States),
2460:2007-01-03 at the
2449:2007-01-03 at the
2438:2005-02-12 at the
2426:2020-01-29 at the
2323:(3): 402.1–402.6.
2275:(Amborellaceae)".
2110:10.1002/bies.20488
2016:Systematic Biology
1720:10.1007/BF02858611
1607:(Nymphaceae), and
1564:(Amborellaceae)".
1534:(Amborellaceae)",
1488:(Amborellaceae)".
1438:(Amborellaceae)".
579:Order Magnoliales
405:at the periphery.
177:A. trichopoda
7495:
7494:
7428:Open Tree of Life
7183:Open Tree of Life
6896:Open Tree of Life
6671:Open Tree of Life
6507:Taxon identifiers
6498:
6497:
6476:
6475:
6472:
6471:
6468:
6467:
6464:
6463:
6460:
6459:
6287:Cardiopteridaceae
6209:
6208:
6086:Plocospermataceae
5885:
5884:
5699:
5698:
5638:Anacampserotaceae
5498:Ancistrocladaceae
5427:Berberidopsidales
5410:
5409:
5406:
5405:
5402:
5401:
5398:
5397:
5350:Biebersteiniaceae
5231:Sphaerosepalaceae
5117:Strasburgeriaceae
5034:Setchellanthaceae
4984:
4983:
4457:
4456:
4399:Cercidiphyllaceae
4354:
4353:
4183:
4182:
4152:
4151:
3605:
3604:
3574:
3573:
3408:
3407:
3390:Austrobaileyaceae
3237:
3236:
3207:Basal angiosperms
3188:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3022:Berberidopsidales
3002:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2774:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2104:(11): 1067–1071.
1956:978-3-7091-1160-4
1857:BMC Plant Biology
1827:10.1111/boj.12385
1820:(1): 1–20, 2016,
1603:(Amborellaceae),
1572:(S6): S237–S248.
1415:978-0-09-120611-6
1340:Plant Systematics
1097:million years ago
1095:66 to 3
959:
958:
950:
949:
941:
940:
932:
931:
923:
922:
914:
913:
443:basal angiosperms
208:
207:
166:
148:
132:
16:(Redirected from
7540:
7533:Dioecious plants
7488:
7487:
7475:
7474:
7462:
7461:
7449:
7448:
7436:
7435:
7423:
7422:
7413:
7412:
7400:
7399:
7387:
7386:
7374:
7373:
7361:
7360:
7348:
7347:
7335:
7334:
7322:
7321:
7309:
7308:
7296:
7295:
7294:
7281:
7280:
7279:
7253:
7252:
7240:
7239:
7230:
7229:
7217:
7216:
7204:
7203:
7191:
7190:
7178:
7177:
7165:
7164:
7152:
7151:
7139:
7138:
7126:
7125:
7113:
7112:
7100:
7099:
7087:
7086:
7074:
7073:
7061:
7060:
7048:
7047:
7035:
7034:
7033:
7020:
7019:
7018:
6992:
6991:
6979:
6978:
6966:
6965:
6953:
6952:
6940:
6939:
6927:
6926:
6914:
6913:
6904:
6903:
6891:
6890:
6878:
6877:
6865:
6864:
6852:
6851:
6839:
6838:
6826:
6825:
6813:
6812:
6800:
6799:
6787:
6786:
6774:
6773:
6761:
6760:
6759:
6746:
6745:
6744:
6718:
6717:
6705:
6704:
6692:
6691:
6679:
6678:
6666:
6665:
6653:
6652:
6640:
6639:
6627:
6626:
6614:
6613:
6601:
6600:
6588:
6587:
6575:
6574:
6562:
6561:
6549:
6548:
6547:
6534:
6533:
6532:
6502:
6501:
6488:
6487:
6222:
6221:
6171:Thomandersiaceae
6161:Lentibulariaceae
6121:Scrophulariaceae
6101:Tetrachondraceae
5898:
5897:
5887:
5886:
5877:Mitrastemonaceae
5807:Pentaphylacaceae
5782:Tetrameristaceae
5729:Hydrostachyaceae
5712:
5711:
5701:
5700:
5503:Rhabdodendraceae
5493:Dioncophyllaceae
5423:
5422:
5256:Dipterocarpaceae
5193:Dipentodontaceae
5137:Crossosomataceae
5112:Geissolomataceae
4997:
4996:
4858:Chrysobalanaceae
4763:Ctenolophonaceae
4730:Lepidobotryaceae
4520:Anisophylleaceae
4503:
4502:
4492:
4491:
4470:
4469:
4459:
4458:
4434:Tetracarpaeaceae
4429:Aphanopetalaceae
4404:Daphniphyllaceae
4367:
4366:
4356:
4355:
4305:Trochodendraceae
4267:Circaeasteraceae
4194:
4193:
4175:Ceratophyllaceae
4163:
4162:
3839:Alstroemeriaceae
3702:Potamogetonaceae
3677:Scheuchzeriaceae
3672:Hydrocharitaceae
3622:
3621:
3585:
3584:
3465:Aristolochiaceae
3430:
3429:
3421:
3420:
3382:Austrobaileyales
3332:
3331:
3328:
3326:Basalangiosperms
3310:Acrogymnospermae
3272:flowering plants
3264:
3257:
3250:
3241:
3240:
3227:
3226:
3196:
3047:
3046:
3015:
3014:
2877:
2876:
2855:
2854:
2826:
2825:
2787:
2786:
2685:
2684:
2643:
2642:
2621:
2620:
2603:Austrobaileyales
2584:
2583:
2562:Acrogymnospermae
2524:flowering plants
2516:
2509:
2502:
2493:
2492:
2410:
2400:
2390:
2352:
2342:
2332:
2296:
2267:
2249:
2247:10.5962/p.324625
2211:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2180:
2139:
2133:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2093:
2087:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2031:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1983:
1972:
1961:
1960:
1927:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1905:. Archived from
1899:
1893:
1892:
1882:
1872:
1840:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1809:
1800:
1799:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1762:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1700:Botanical Review
1695:
1689:
1688:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1661:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1619:(3–4): 153–169.
1611:(Illiciaceae)".
1596:
1590:
1589:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1527:
1514:
1513:
1473:
1464:
1463:
1430:
1421:
1419:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1384:
1352:
1346:
1344:
1334:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1297:
1284:
1283:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1256:
1233:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1132:
1118:in cultivation.
1098:
1072:in cultivation.
867:
866:
843:
842:
819:
818:
795:
794:
770:
769:
764:seed plants
759:
758:
729:(Nymphaeaceae),
665:Currently plant
546:Cronquist system
523:
511:
499:
484:
452:is an ovoid red
427:
426:
422:
417:
416:
412:
328:flowering plants
280:flowering plants
197:
162:
144:
120:
72:
71:
53:
39:
38:
27:Species of shrub
21:
7548:
7547:
7543:
7542:
7541:
7539:
7538:
7537:
7498:
7497:
7496:
7491:
7483:
7478:
7470:
7465:
7457:
7452:
7444:
7439:
7431:
7426:
7418:
7416:
7408:
7403:
7395:
7390:
7382:
7377:
7369:
7364:
7356:
7351:
7343:
7338:
7330:
7325:
7317:
7312:
7304:
7299:
7290:
7289:
7284:
7275:
7274:
7269:
7256:
7248:
7243:
7235:
7233:
7225:
7220:
7212:
7207:
7199:
7194:
7186:
7181:
7173:
7168:
7160:
7155:
7147:
7142:
7134:
7129:
7121:
7116:
7108:
7103:
7095:
7090:
7082:
7077:
7069:
7064:
7056:
7051:
7043:
7038:
7029:
7028:
7023:
7014:
7013:
7008:
6995:
6987:
6982:
6974:
6969:
6961:
6956:
6948:
6943:
6935:
6930:
6922:
6917:
6909:
6907:
6899:
6894:
6886:
6881:
6873:
6868:
6860:
6855:
6847:
6842:
6834:
6829:
6821:
6816:
6808:
6803:
6795:
6790:
6782:
6777:
6769:
6764:
6755:
6754:
6749:
6740:
6739:
6734:
6721:
6713:
6708:
6700:
6695:
6687:
6682:
6674:
6669:
6661:
6656:
6648:
6643:
6635:
6630:
6622:
6617:
6609:
6604:
6596:
6591:
6583:
6578:
6570:
6565:
6557:
6552:
6543:
6542:
6537:
6528:
6527:
6522:
6509:
6499:
6494:
6456:
6452:Paracryphiaceae
6438:
6420:
6397:
6374:
6306:
6268:
6239:Torricelliaceae
6218:
6205:
6106:Calceolariaceae
6091:Carlemanniaceae
6072:
6034:
6016:
5998:
5960:
5937:
5919:
5894:
5881:
5758:
5708:
5695:
5671:Balanophoraceae
5647:
5558:Lophiocarpaceae
5538:Achatocarpaceae
5533:Caryophyllaceae
5523:Macarthuriaceae
5488:Drosophyllaceae
5444:
5419:
5394:
5336:
5318:
5304:Crypteroniaceae
5299:Melastomataceae
5260:
5197:
5164:
5141:
5099:Crossosomatales
5093:
5069:Gyrostemonaceae
5039:Koeberliniaceae
4993:
4980:
4932:
4923:Picrodendraceae
4888:Lacistemataceae
4848:Dichapetalaceae
4823:Centroplacaceae
4813:Lophopyxidaceae
4773:Erythroxylaceae
4739:
4716:
4693:
4635:
4587:
4554:
4525:Corynocarpaceae
4499:
4486:
4466:
4453:
4414:Grossulariaceae
4363:
4350:
4327:
4309:
4297:Trochodendrales
4291:
4272:Lardizabalaceae
4243:
4210:
4179:
4167:Ceratophyllales
4158:Ceratophyllidae
4148:
4139:Ecdeiocoleaceae
4129:Flagellariaceae
4065:
4012:
3974:
3951:
3922:Tecophilaeaceae
3892:Blandfordiaceae
3868:
3834:Petermanniaceae
3819:Campynemataceae
3805:
3767:
3739:
3721:
3682:Aponogetonaceae
3638:
3613:
3601:
3570:
3522:
3508:Himantandraceae
3479:
3451:
3417:
3415:Mesangiospermae
3404:
3376:
3348:
3324:
3319:
3300:Marchantiophyta
3279:
3268:
3238:
3233:
3197:
3164:
3111:
3063:
3036:
3011:
2994:
2965:Crossosomatales
2941:
2888:
2866:
2851:
2842:
2822:
2813:
2804:Trochodendrales
2783:
2766:
2733:
2674:
2637:
2633:Ceratophyllales
2617:
2608:
2580:
2571:
2552:Marchantiophyta
2531:
2520:
2462:Wayback Machine
2451:Wayback Machine
2440:Wayback Machine
2428:Wayback Machine
2417:
2220:
2218:Further reading
2215:
2214:
2206:
2202:
2140:
2136:
2129:
2125:
2094:
2090:
2083:
2079:
2049:
2045:
2000:
1996:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1973:
1964:
1957:
1928:
1921:
1912:
1910:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1843:Albert, V. A.;
1841:
1834:
1811:
1810:
1803:
1780:
1776:
1739:
1735:
1696:
1692:
1681:
1677:
1670:
1652:
1648:
1597:
1593:
1558:
1554:
1548:10.1139/b03-004
1528:
1517:
1474:
1467:
1452:10.2307/3298537
1431:
1424:
1416:
1402:
1398:
1361:Pacific Science
1353:
1349:
1335:
1328:
1319:
1317:
1298:
1287:
1276:
1272:
1235:
1234:
1225:
1215:
1213:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1167:
1165:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1124:
1093:
1082:
1063:
995:
960:
951:
942:
933:
924:
915:
777:Acrogymnosperms
677:lineage in the
663:
628:
606:Order Laurales
602:classified it:
600:Dahlgren system
575:classified it:
552:Order Laurales
542:
537:
532:
531:
530:
527:
524:
515:
512:
503:
500:
491:
485:
424:
420:
419:
414:
410:
409:
349:The species is
340:vessel elements
330:. The xylem of
312:leaves without
293:is a sprawling
288:
204:
199:
193:
180:
161:
143:
119:
66:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7546:
7536:
7535:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7493:
7492:
7490:
7489:
7476:
7472:wfo-9000000014
7463:
7450:
7437:
7424:
7414:
7401:
7388:
7375:
7362:
7349:
7336:
7323:
7310:
7297:
7282:
7266:
7264:
7258:
7257:
7255:
7254:
7250:wfo-7000000020
7241:
7231:
7218:
7205:
7192:
7179:
7166:
7153:
7140:
7127:
7114:
7101:
7088:
7075:
7062:
7049:
7036:
7021:
7005:
7003:
6997:
6996:
6994:
6993:
6980:
6976:wfo-0000961029
6967:
6954:
6941:
6928:
6915:
6905:
6892:
6879:
6866:
6853:
6840:
6827:
6814:
6801:
6788:
6775:
6762:
6747:
6731:
6729:
6723:
6722:
6720:
6719:
6715:wfo-4000001555
6706:
6693:
6680:
6667:
6654:
6641:
6628:
6615:
6602:
6589:
6576:
6563:
6550:
6535:
6519:
6517:
6511:
6510:
6496:
6495:
6493:
6492:
6481:
6478:
6477:
6474:
6473:
6470:
6469:
6466:
6465:
6462:
6461:
6458:
6457:
6455:
6454:
6448:
6446:
6444:Paracryphiales
6440:
6439:
6437:
6436:
6434:Escalloniaceae
6430:
6428:
6422:
6421:
6419:
6418:
6416:Caprifoliaceae
6413:
6407:
6405:
6399:
6398:
6396:
6395:
6390:
6388:Columelliaceae
6384:
6382:
6376:
6375:
6373:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6350:Argophyllaceae
6347:
6342:
6340:Alseuosmiaceae
6337:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6316:
6314:
6308:
6307:
6305:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6292:Phyllonomaceae
6289:
6284:
6278:
6276:
6270:
6269:
6267:
6266:
6261:
6259:Myodocarpaceae
6256:
6251:
6249:Pittosporaceae
6246:
6244:Griseliniaceae
6241:
6236:
6230:
6228:
6219:
6214:
6211:
6210:
6207:
6206:
6204:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6166:Schlegeliaceae
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6116:Plantaginaceae
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6082:
6080:
6074:
6073:
6071:
6070:
6065:
6063:Sphenocleaceae
6060:
6055:
6050:
6048:Convolvulaceae
6044:
6042:
6036:
6035:
6033:
6032:
6026:
6024:
6018:
6017:
6015:
6014:
6008:
6006:
6000:
5999:
5997:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5970:
5968:
5962:
5961:
5959:
5958:
5953:
5947:
5945:
5939:
5938:
5936:
5935:
5933:Metteniusaceae
5929:
5927:
5921:
5920:
5918:
5917:
5912:
5906:
5904:
5895:
5890:
5883:
5882:
5880:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5847:Sarraceniaceae
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5787:Fouquieriaceae
5784:
5779:
5777:Marcgraviaceae
5774:
5768:
5766:
5760:
5759:
5757:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5720:
5718:
5709:
5704:
5697:
5696:
5694:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5681:Misodendraceae
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5657:
5655:
5649:
5648:
5646:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5583:Phytolaccaceae
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5518:Asteropeiaceae
5515:
5510:
5508:Simmondsiaceae
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5468:Plumbaginaceae
5465:
5460:
5454:
5452:
5450:Caryophyllales
5446:
5445:
5443:
5442:
5437:
5431:
5429:
5420:
5415:
5412:
5411:
5408:
5407:
5404:
5403:
5400:
5399:
5396:
5395:
5393:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5346:
5344:
5338:
5337:
5335:
5334:
5328:
5326:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5270:
5268:
5262:
5261:
5259:
5258:
5253:
5251:Sarcolaenaceae
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5207:
5205:
5199:
5198:
5196:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5178:Gerrardinaceae
5174:
5172:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5162:
5157:
5151:
5149:
5143:
5142:
5140:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5103:
5101:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5005:
5003:
4994:
4989:
4986:
4985:
4982:
4981:
4979:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4966:Elaeocarpaceae
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4942:
4940:
4934:
4933:
4931:
4930:
4928:Phyllanthaceae
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4883:Passifloraceae
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4818:Putranjivaceae
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4793:Calophyllaceae
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4768:Rhizophoraceae
4765:
4760:
4755:
4749:
4747:
4741:
4740:
4738:
4737:
4732:
4726:
4724:
4718:
4717:
4715:
4714:
4712:Zygophyllaceae
4709:
4703:
4701:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4645:
4643:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4633:
4628:
4626:Ticodendraceae
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4597:
4595:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4564:
4562:
4556:
4555:
4553:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4511:
4509:
4500:
4495:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4484:
4478:
4476:
4467:
4462:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4394:Hamamelidaceae
4391:
4386:
4381:
4375:
4373:
4364:
4359:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4348:
4343:
4341:Myrothamnaceae
4337:
4335:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4325:
4319:
4317:
4311:
4310:
4308:
4307:
4301:
4299:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4277:Menispermaceae
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4253:
4251:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4220:
4218:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4208:
4202:
4200:
4191:
4185:
4184:
4181:
4180:
4178:
4177:
4171:
4169:
4160:
4154:
4153:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4134:Joinvilleaceae
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4075:
4073:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4026:Strelitziaceae
4022:
4020:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4010:
4005:
4003:Pontederiaceae
4000:
3995:
3990:
3984:
3982:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3972:
3967:
3965:Dasypogonaceae
3961:
3959:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3944:
3942:Amaryllidaceae
3939:
3934:
3932:Xeronemataceae
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3878:
3876:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3815:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3777:
3775:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3749:
3747:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3737:
3735:Petrosaviaceae
3731:
3729:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3648:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3630:
3628:
3619:
3607:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3597:Chloranthaceae
3593:
3591:
3582:
3576:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3536:Calycanthaceae
3532:
3530:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3489:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3461:
3459:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3438:
3436:
3427:
3418:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3402:
3400:Schisandraceae
3397:
3392:
3386:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3358:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3340:
3338:
3329:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3305:Polypodiophyta
3302:
3297:
3292:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3267:
3266:
3259:
3252:
3244:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3231:
3221:
3215:
3209:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3121:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3107:Paracryphiales
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3073:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3056:
3050:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3032:Caryophyllales
3029:
3024:
3018:
3012:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2951:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2898:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2880:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2858:
2852:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2835:
2829:
2823:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2790:
2784:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2743:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2731:
2725:
2719:
2713:
2707:
2701:
2695:
2688:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2651:
2649:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2624:
2618:
2615:Mesangiosperms
2613:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2600:
2594:
2587:
2581:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2557:Polypodiophyta
2554:
2549:
2544:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2519:
2518:
2511:
2504:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2469:
2464:
2430:
2416:
2415:External links
2413:
2412:
2411:
2375:Genome Biology
2353:
2317:Genome Biology
2297:
2285:10.1086/317571
2268:
2240:(3): 245–254.
2219:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2200:
2134:
2123:
2088:
2077:
2043:
2022:(3): 368–382.
1994:
1962:
1955:
1919:
1894:
1832:
1801:
1774:
1753:(2): 365–389.
1733:
1706:(3): 225–348.
1690:
1675:
1668:
1646:
1591:
1578:10.1086/317571
1552:
1515:
1502:10.1086/424024
1496:(6): 925–947.
1465:
1446:(3): 466–490.
1422:
1414:
1396:
1367:(3): 305–312.
1347:
1326:
1285:
1270:
1223:
1175:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1081:
1078:
1062:
1059:
994:
991:
957:
956:
953:
952:
948:
947:
944:
943:
939:
938:
935:
934:
930:
929:
926:
925:
921:
920:
917:
916:
912:
911:
908:
907:
900:
897:
896:
893:
892:
885:
882:
881:
878:
877:
870:
865:
863:
860:
859:
856:
855:
846:
841:
839:
836:
835:
832:
831:
822:
817:
815:
812:
811:
808:
807:
798:
793:
791:
785:
784:
781:
780:
773:
768:
766:
757:
662:
659:
627:
624:
623:
622:
621:
620:
619:
618:
617:
616:
596:
595:
594:
593:
592:
591:
590:
589:
569:
568:
567:
566:
565:
564:
563:
562:
541:
538:
536:
533:
529:
528:
525:
518:
516:
513:
506:
504:
501:
494:
492:
486:
479:
476:
475:
474:
379:inflorescences
334:contains only
287:
284:
248:and the order
206:
205:
200:
189:
188:
182:
181:
174:
172:
168:
167:
154:
150:
149:
138:
134:
133:
114:
110:
109:
104:
97:
96:
91:
84:
83:
78:
74:
73:
60:
59:
58:Male specimen
55:
54:
46:
45:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7545:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7505:
7503:
7486:
7481:
7477:
7473:
7468:
7464:
7460:
7455:
7451:
7447:
7442:
7438:
7434:
7429:
7425:
7421:
7415:
7411:
7406:
7402:
7398:
7393:
7389:
7385:
7380:
7376:
7372:
7367:
7363:
7359:
7354:
7350:
7346:
7341:
7337:
7333:
7328:
7324:
7320:
7315:
7311:
7307:
7302:
7298:
7293:
7287:
7283:
7278:
7272:
7268:
7267:
7265:
7263:
7259:
7251:
7246:
7242:
7238:
7232:
7228:
7223:
7219:
7215:
7210:
7206:
7202:
7197:
7193:
7189:
7184:
7180:
7176:
7171:
7167:
7163:
7158:
7154:
7150:
7145:
7141:
7137:
7132:
7128:
7124:
7119:
7115:
7111:
7106:
7102:
7098:
7093:
7089:
7085:
7080:
7076:
7072:
7067:
7063:
7059:
7054:
7050:
7046:
7041:
7037:
7032:
7031:Amborellaceae
7026:
7022:
7017:
7011:
7007:
7006:
7004:
7002:
7001:Amborellaceae
6998:
6990:
6985:
6981:
6977:
6972:
6968:
6964:
6959:
6955:
6951:
6946:
6942:
6938:
6933:
6929:
6925:
6920:
6916:
6912:
6906:
6902:
6897:
6893:
6889:
6884:
6880:
6876:
6871:
6867:
6863:
6858:
6854:
6850:
6845:
6841:
6837:
6832:
6828:
6824:
6819:
6815:
6811:
6806:
6802:
6798:
6793:
6789:
6785:
6780:
6776:
6772:
6767:
6763:
6758:
6752:
6748:
6743:
6737:
6733:
6732:
6730:
6728:
6724:
6716:
6711:
6707:
6703:
6698:
6694:
6690:
6685:
6681:
6677:
6672:
6668:
6664:
6659:
6655:
6651:
6646:
6642:
6638:
6633:
6629:
6625:
6620:
6616:
6612:
6607:
6603:
6599:
6594:
6590:
6586:
6581:
6577:
6573:
6568:
6564:
6560:
6555:
6551:
6546:
6540:
6536:
6531:
6525:
6521:
6520:
6518:
6516:
6512:
6508:
6503:
6491:
6483:
6482:
6479:
6453:
6450:
6449:
6447:
6445:
6441:
6435:
6432:
6431:
6429:
6427:
6426:Escalloniales
6423:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6408:
6406:
6404:
6400:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6385:
6383:
6381:
6377:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6355:Menyanthaceae
6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6325:Campanulaceae
6323:
6321:
6318:
6317:
6315:
6313:
6309:
6303:
6302:Aquifoliaceae
6300:
6298:
6297:Helwingiaceae
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6282:Stemonuraceae
6280:
6279:
6277:
6275:
6271:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6234:Pennantiaceae
6232:
6231:
6229:
6227:
6223:
6220:
6217:
6212:
6202:
6201:Orobanchaceae
6199:
6197:
6196:Paulowniaceae
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6131:Linderniaceae
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6083:
6081:
6079:
6075:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6045:
6043:
6041:
6037:
6031:
6028:
6027:
6025:
6023:
6019:
6013:
6010:
6009:
6007:
6005:
6001:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5971:
5969:
5967:
5963:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5948:
5946:
5944:
5940:
5934:
5931:
5930:
5928:
5926:
5925:Metteniusales
5922:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5910:Oncothecaceae
5908:
5907:
5905:
5903:
5899:
5896:
5893:
5888:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5857:Actinidiaceae
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5837:Diapensiaceae
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5797:Lecythidaceae
5795:
5793:
5792:Polemoniaceae
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5772:Balsaminaceae
5770:
5769:
5767:
5765:
5761:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5734:Hydrangeaceae
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5721:
5719:
5717:
5713:
5710:
5707:
5702:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5686:Schoepfiaceae
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5658:
5656:
5654:
5650:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5633:Portulacaceae
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5623:Halophytaceae
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5603:Molluginaceae
5601:
5599:
5598:Nyctaginaceae
5596:
5594:
5593:Sarcobataceae
5591:
5589:
5588:Petiveriaceae
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5543:Amaranthaceae
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5458:Frankeniaceae
5456:
5455:
5453:
5451:
5447:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5435:Aextoxicaceae
5433:
5432:
5430:
5428:
5424:
5421:
5418:
5417:Superasterids
5413:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5385:Simaroubaceae
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5370:Anacardiaceae
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5347:
5345:
5343:
5339:
5333:
5332:Picramniaceae
5330:
5329:
5327:
5325:
5321:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5271:
5269:
5267:
5263:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5236:Thymelaeaceae
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5216:Muntingiaceae
5214:
5212:
5209:
5208:
5206:
5204:
5200:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5175:
5173:
5171:
5167:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5152:
5150:
5148:
5144:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5132:Stachyuraceae
5130:
5128:
5127:Guamatelaceae
5125:
5123:
5122:Staphyleaceae
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5100:
5096:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5054:Emblingiaceae
5052:
5050:
5049:Salvadoraceae
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5029:Limnanthaceae
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5014:Tropaeolaceae
5012:
5010:
5007:
5006:
5004:
5002:
4998:
4995:
4992:
4987:
4977:
4976:Brunelliaceae
4974:
4972:
4971:Cephalotaceae
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4943:
4941:
4939:
4935:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4918:Ixonanthaceae
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4908:Euphorbiaceae
4906:
4904:
4903:Rafflesiaceae
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4853:Euphroniaceae
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4833:Malpighiaceae
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4808:Caryocaraceae
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4798:Podostemaceae
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4750:
4748:
4746:
4742:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4723:
4719:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4700:
4699:Zygophyllales
4696:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4642:
4638:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4621:Casuarinaceae
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4601:Nothofagaceae
4599:
4598:
4596:
4594:
4590:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4565:
4563:
4561:
4557:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4540:Tetramelaceae
4538:
4536:
4535:Cucurbitaceae
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4515:Apodanthaceae
4513:
4512:
4510:
4508:
4504:
4501:
4498:
4493:
4489:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4475:
4471:
4468:
4465:
4460:
4450:
4449:Cynomoriaceae
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4419:Saxifragaceae
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4379:Peridiscaceae
4377:
4376:
4374:
4372:
4368:
4365:
4362:
4357:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4334:
4330:
4324:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4316:
4312:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4298:
4294:
4288:
4287:Ranunculaceae
4285:
4283:
4282:Berberidaceae
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4250:
4246:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4229:Nelumbonaceae
4227:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4217:
4213:
4207:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4199:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4186:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4170:
4168:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4155:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4099:Eriocaulaceae
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4072:
4068:
4062:
4061:Zingiberaceae
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4036:Heliconiaceae
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4019:
4015:
4009:
4008:Haemodoraceae
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3993:Commelinaceae
3991:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3977:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3954:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3937:Asphodelaceae
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3917:Ixioliriaceae
3915:
3913:
3912:Doryanthaceae
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3875:
3871:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3829:Melanthiaceae
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3808:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3796:Cyclanthaceae
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3774:
3770:
3764:
3763:Dioscoreaceae
3761:
3759:
3758:Burmanniaceae
3756:
3754:
3753:Nartheciaceae
3751:
3750:
3748:
3746:
3742:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3728:
3727:Petrosaviales
3724:
3718:
3717:Cymodoceaceae
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3707:Posidoniaceae
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3687:Juncaginaceae
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3657:Tofieldiaceae
3655:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3620:
3617:
3612:
3608:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3589:Chloranthales
3586:
3583:
3581:
3580:Chloranthidae
3577:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3556:Hernandiaceae
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3546:Gomortegaceae
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3525:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3513:Eupomatiaceae
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3503:Degeneriaceae
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3493:Myristicaceae
3491:
3490:
3488:
3486:
3482:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3411:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3362:Hydatellaceae
3360:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3345:
3344:Amborellaceae
3342:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3322:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3286:
3285:
3282:
3277:
3273:
3265:
3260:
3258:
3253:
3251:
3246:
3245:
3242:
3230:
3222:
3220:
3216:
3214:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3203:
3200:
3195:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3130:Metteniusales
3128:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3087:Escalloniales
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3009:Superasterids
3005:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2944:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2902:Zygophyllales
2900:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2845:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2820:Core eudicots
2816:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2777:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2704:Petrosaviales
2702:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2628:Chloranthales
2626:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2611:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2574:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2538:
2537:
2534:
2529:
2525:
2517:
2512:
2510:
2505:
2503:
2498:
2497:
2494:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2434:
2433:Amborellaceae
2431:
2429:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2408:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2370:
2364:
2363:Soltis, P. S.
2360:
2359:Soltis, D. E.
2354:
2350:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2312:
2306:
2305:Soltis, P. S.
2302:
2301:Soltis, D. E.
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2229:
2222:
2221:
2209:
2204:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2138:
2132:
2127:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2092:
2086:
2081:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2047:
2039:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2008:Soltis, D. E.
2005:
2004:Soltis, P. S.
1998:
1980:
1979:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1958:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1935:Soltis, D. E.
1932:
1931:Soltis, P. S.
1926:
1924:
1909:on 2020-01-29
1908:
1904:
1898:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1849:Soltis, P. S.
1846:
1845:Soltis, D. E.
1839:
1837:
1828:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1808:
1806:
1797:
1793:
1790:(2): 91–124.
1789:
1785:
1778:
1770:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1737:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1694:
1686:
1679:
1671:
1669:9780231038805
1665:
1660:
1659:
1650:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1595:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1556:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1482:Soltis, D. E.
1479:
1478:Soltis, P. S.
1472:
1470:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1429:
1427:
1417:
1411:
1407:
1400:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1351:
1342:
1341:
1333:
1331:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1305:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1281:
1274:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1194:
1189:
1187:
1179:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1146:
1141:
1139:
1131:
1127:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1096:
1091:
1087:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1003:
999:
990:
988:
984:
979:
977:
973:
969:
965:
955:
954:
946:
945:
937:
936:
928:
927:
919:
918:
910:
909:
906:
905:
899:
898:
895:
894:
891:
890:
884:
883:
880:
879:
876:
875:
869:
868:
862:
861:
858:
857:
854:
853:
852:
845:
844:
838:
837:
834:
833:
830:
829:
828:
821:
820:
814:
813:
810:
809:
806:
805:
804:
797:
796:
790:
787:
786:
783:
782:
779:
778:
772:
771:
765:
761:
760:
756:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
733:
728:
727:
722:
718:
717:
711:
709:
705:
704:
699:
694:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
658:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
635:APG II system
632:
614:
613:
611:
610:
608:
607:
605:
604:
603:
601:
587:
586:
584:
583:
581:
580:
578:
577:
576:
574:
560:
559:
557:
556:
554:
553:
551:
550:
549:
547:
522:
517:
510:
505:
498:
493:
490:
483:
478:
477:
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
446:
444:
439:
435:
431:
406:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
381:borne in the
380:
375:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
315:
311:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
283:
281:
278:to all other
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
260:
255:
251:
247:
246:Amborellaceae
243:
242:New Caledonia
239:
235:
232:
228:
225:
221:
218:
214:
213:
203:
198:
196:
190:
187:
186:Binomial name
183:
179:
178:
173:
170:
169:
165:
160:
159:
155:
152:
151:
147:
142:
141:Amborellaceae
139:
136:
135:
131:
127:
123:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
99:
98:
95:
94:Tracheophytes
92:
89:
86:
85:
82:
79:
76:
75:
70:
65:
61:
56:
52:
47:
44:
40:
37:
33:
19:
7292:Amborellales
7262:Amborellales
7261:
7000:
6726:
6514:
6365:Calyceraceae
6360:Goodeniaceae
6345:Phellinaceae
6335:Stylidiaceae
6274:Aquifoliales
6156:Bignoniaceae
6141:Martyniaceae
6111:Gesneriaceae
6068:Hydroleaceae
6058:Montiniaceae
6012:Boraginaceae
5989:Gelsemiaceae
5979:Gentianaceae
5951:Eucommiaceae
5852:Roridulaceae
5832:Symplocaceae
5802:Sladeniaceae
5744:Curtisiaceae
5691:Loranthaceae
5613:Didiereaceae
5568:Barbeuiaceae
5528:Microteaceae
5483:Nepenthaceae
5473:Polygonaceae
5463:Tamaricaceae
5355:Nitrariaceae
5324:Picramniales
5289:Vochysiaceae
5274:Combretaceae
5188:Tapisciaceae
5183:Petenaeaceae
5089:Brassicaceae
4843:Trigoniaceae
4838:Balanopaceae
4803:Hypericaceae
4783:Bonnetiaceae
4758:Irvingiaceae
4745:Malpighiales
4735:Celastraceae
4707:Krameriaceae
4664:Elaeagnaceae
4659:Dirachmaceae
4616:Juglandaceae
4583:Polygalaceae
4568:Quillajaceae
4530:Coriariaceae
4507:Cucurbitales
4444:Haloragaceae
4439:Penthoraceae
4424:Crassulaceae
4389:Altingiaceae
4371:Saxifragales
4323:Dilleniaceae
4262:Papaveraceae
4257:Eupteleaceae
4249:Ranunculales
4157:
4124:Restionaceae
4084:Bromeliaceae
4018:Zingiberales
3998:Philydraceae
3988:Hanguanaceae
3980:Commelinales
3947:Asparagaceae
3907:Hypoxidaceae
3854:Ripogonaceae
3849:Philesiaceae
3844:Colchicaceae
3786:Velloziaceae
3781:Triuridaceae
3745:Dioscoreales
3662:Alismataceae
3610:
3579:
3541:Siparunaceae
3498:Magnoliaceae
3395:Trimeniaceae
3372:Nymphaeaceae
3336:Amborellales
3315:Angiospermae
3270:Families of
3077:Aquifoliales
2970:Picramniales
2932:Cucurbitales
2912:Malpighiales
2862:Saxifragales
2794:Ranunculales
2762:Zingiberales
2757:Commelinales
2710:Dioscoreales
2591:Amborellales
2590:
2567:Angiospermae
2378:
2374:
2368:
2320:
2316:
2310:
2276:
2272:
2237:
2233:
2227:
2203:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2137:
2126:
2101:
2097:
2091:
2080:
2056:
2052:
2046:
2019:
2015:
1997:
1986:. Retrieved
1977:
1938:
1911:. Retrieved
1907:the original
1897:
1860:
1856:
1817:
1813:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1750:
1746:
1736:
1703:
1699:
1693:
1684:
1678:
1657:
1649:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1594:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1555:
1542:(1): 28–39,
1539:
1535:
1531:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1405:
1399:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1350:
1339:
1318:. Retrieved
1313:
1309:
1303:
1279:
1273:
1244:
1240:
1216:23 September
1214:. Retrieved
1191:
1185:
1178:
1168:23 September
1166:. Retrieved
1143:
1137:
1130:
1116:conservation
1113:
1104:
1100:
1085:
1083:
1080:Conservation
1073:
1065:
1064:
1053:
1049:
1037:
1036:
1027:
1015:
1011:sister group
997:
996:
986:
982:
980:
971:
968:sister taxon
963:
961:
902:
887:
872:
849:
848:
825:
824:
802:
801:
800:
775:
762:extant
730:
724:
720:
714:
712:
701:
695:
690:
686:
682:
673:as the most
670:
667:systematists
664:
639:Nymphaeaceae
630:
629:
597:
570:
543:
502:Young leaves
487:Specimen in
447:
407:
376:
362:
348:
331:
319:
318:
290:
289:
276:sister group
268:systematists
263:
258:
257:
250:Amborellales
249:
245:
238:Grande Terre
211:
210:
209:
194:
192:
176:
175:
157:
156:
140:
117:Amborellales
116:
100:
87:
42:
36:
7513:Angiosperms
7366:iNaturalist
7286:Wikispecies
7118:iNaturalist
7025:Wikispecies
6844:iNaturalist
6751:Wikispecies
6619:iNaturalist
6539:Wikispecies
6320:Rousseaceae
6216:Campanulids
6176:Verbenaceae
6151:Acanthaceae
6146:Pedaliaceae
6136:Byblidaceae
6004:Boraginales
5994:Apocynaceae
5984:Loganiaceae
5966:Gentianales
5915:Icacinaceae
5867:Cyrillaceae
5862:Clethraceae
5842:Styracaceae
5822:Primulaceae
5749:Grubbiaceae
5676:Santalaceae
5618:Basellaceae
5573:Gisekiaceae
5513:Physenaceae
5478:Droseraceae
5375:Sapindaceae
5365:Burseraceae
5309:Alzateaceae
5221:Neuradaceae
5160:Francoaceae
5155:Geraniaceae
5107:Aphloiaceae
5079:Capparaceae
5059:Tovariaceae
5019:Moringaceae
5001:Brassicales
4961:Cunoniaceae
4956:Oxalidaceae
4951:Connaraceae
4868:Achariaceae
4863:Humiriaceae
4828:Elatinaceae
4722:Celastrales
4679:Cannabaceae
4654:Barbeyaceae
4578:Surianaceae
4550:Begoniaceae
4545:Datiscaceae
4384:Paeoniaceae
4361:Superrosids
4346:Gunneraceae
4315:Dilleniales
4234:Platanaceae
4109:Thurniaceae
4089:Rapateaceae
4051:Marantaceae
3902:Lanariaceae
3897:Asteliaceae
3882:Orchidaceae
3874:Asparagales
3859:Smilacaceae
3801:Pandanaceae
3791:Stemonaceae
3697:Zosteraceae
3692:Maundiaceae
3644:Alismatales
3561:Monimiaceae
3485:Magnoliales
3470:Saururaceae
3447:Winteraceae
3442:Canellaceae
3425:Magnoliidae
3367:Cabombaceae
3354:Nymphaeales
3287:Supergroup
3145:Gentianales
3140:Boraginales
3069:Campanulids
2985:Brassicales
2907:Celastrales
2849:Superrosids
2838:Dilleniales
2739:Commelinids
2728:Asparagales
2698:Alismatales
2670:Magnoliales
2597:Nymphaeales
2578:Angiosperms
2539:Supergroup
2208:Pillon 2008
2059:(1): 5–21,
1476:Buzgo, M.;
1264:10654/18083
1040:, being an
1024:gametophyte
976:Nymphaeales
789:angiosperms
286:Description
107:Angiosperms
7502:Categories
7136:77126703-1
6919:Plant List
6403:Dipsacales
6393:Bruniaceae
6370:Asteraceae
6254:Araliaceae
6191:Phrymaceae
6126:Stilbaceae
6053:Solanaceae
6030:Vahliaceae
5956:Garryaceae
5902:Icacinales
5812:Sapotaceae
5666:Opiliaceae
5653:Santalales
5628:Talinaceae
5608:Montiaceae
5360:Kirkiaceae
5342:Sapindales
5314:Penaeaceae
5284:Onagraceae
5279:Lythraceae
5211:Cytinaceae
5170:Huerteales
5147:Geraniales
5084:Cleomaceae
5074:Resedaceae
5024:Caricaceae
5009:Akaniaceae
4938:Oxalidales
4893:Salicaceae
4878:Goupiaceae
4788:Clusiaceae
4689:Urticaceae
4669:Rhamnaceae
4631:Betulaceae
4611:Myricaceae
4333:Gunnerales
4239:Proteaceae
4119:Cyperaceae
4104:Mayacaceae
4094:Xyridaceae
3824:Corsiaceae
3773:Pandanales
3712:Ruppiaceae
3667:Butomaceae
3518:Annonaceae
3475:Piperaceae
3434:Canellales
3213:Alismatids
3125:Icacinales
3102:Dipsacales
3027:Santalales
2980:Huerteales
2975:Sapindales
2955:Geraniales
2917:Oxalidales
2833:Gunnerales
2716:Pandanales
2655:Canellales
2647:Magnoliids
2522:Orders of
2381:(5): R48.
2178:11336/2616
1988:2013-06-22
1913:2017-12-21
1382:10125/2455
1320:2016-10-21
1122:References
1070:change sex
1042:understory
1018:lacks the
889:magnoliids
430:apocarpous
367:staminodes
224:understory
126:A.V.Bobrov
7459:100352497
6875:126024907
6545:Amborella
6530:Q13418082
6515:Amborella
6411:Adoxaceae
6380:Bruniales
6312:Asterales
6181:Lamiaceae
6040:Solanales
6022:Vahliales
5974:Rubiaceae
5943:Garryales
5872:Ericaceae
5817:Ebenaceae
5754:Cornaceae
5739:Loasaceae
5724:Nyssaceae
5661:Olacaceae
5643:Cactaceae
5578:Aizoaceae
5553:Limeaceae
5390:Meliaceae
5294:Myrtaceae
5246:Cistaceae
5226:Malvaceae
4873:Violaceae
4778:Ochnaceae
4753:Pandaceae
4224:Sabiaceae
4216:Proteales
4114:Juncaceae
4079:Typhaceae
4056:Costaceae
4046:Cannaceae
4031:Lowiaceae
3970:Arecaceae
3927:Iridaceae
3887:Boryaceae
3864:Liliaceae
3634:Acoraceae
3566:Lauraceae
3457:Piperales
3295:Bryophyta
3160:Vahliales
3155:Solanales
3135:Garryales
3092:Bruniales
3082:Asterales
2799:Proteales
2660:Piperales
2547:Bryophyta
2311:Amborella
2264:240346942
2145:Amborella
2098:BioEssays
1601:Amborella
1316:: 143–155
1207:Libraries
1186:Amborella
1159:Libraries
1101:Amborella
1086:Amborella
1074:Amborella
1066:Amborella
1054:Amborella
1050:Amborella
1038:Amborella
1028:Amborella
1016:Amborella
998:Amborella
987:Amborella
972:Amborella
964:Amborella
803:Amborella
753:cladogram
721:Amborella
698:primitive
693:lineage.
691:Amborella
687:Amborella
683:Amborella
661:Phylogeny
655:phylogeny
645:systems,
631:Amborella
466:lignified
438:micropyle
363:Amborella
351:dioecious
344:primitive
336:tracheids
332:Amborella
320:Amborella
310:evergreen
303:alternate
297:or small
291:Amborella
264:Amborella
229:or small
217:monotypic
212:Amborella
171:Species:
158:Amborella
77:Kingdom:
43:Amborella
32:Ambarella
7454:Tropicos
7271:Wikidata
7237:amborell
7227:42000010
7222:Tropicos
7016:Q1142499
7010:Wikidata
6963:21200356
6958:Tropicos
6924:kew-7867
6908:PalDat:
6862:581745-1
6736:Wikidata
6702:40011664
6697:Tropicos
6524:Wikidata
6490:Category
6264:Apiaceae
6186:Mazaceae
6096:Oleaceae
6078:Lamiales
5827:Theaceae
5764:Ericales
5716:Cornales
5706:Asterids
5563:Kewaceae
5380:Rutaceae
5266:Myrtales
5241:Bixaceae
5203:Malvales
5044:Bataceae
4913:Linaceae
4898:Peraceae
4684:Moraceae
4674:Ulmaceae
4649:Rosaceae
4606:Fagaceae
4573:Fabaceae
4482:Vitaceae
4409:Iteaceae
4206:Buxaceae
4189:Eudicots
4041:Musaceae
3957:Arecales
3811:Liliales
3626:Acorales
3616:Monocots
3528:Laurales
3229:Category
3219:Lilioids
3150:Lamiales
3059:Ericales
3054:Cornales
3042:Asterids
2990:Malvales
2960:Myrtales
2781:Eudicots
2747:Arecales
2722:Liliales
2692:Acorales
2680:Monocots
2665:Laurales
2458:Archived
2447:Archived
2436:Archived
2424:Archived
2407:21619600
2349:18341710
2307:(2008).
2293:84820330
2256:43781302
2187:24357311
2118:17041880
2073:21628174
2038:24391149
2010:(2014).
1889:15799777
1769:85738663
1728:40348158
1609:Illicium
1586:84820330
1510:84793812
1391:35832198
1090:Tertiary
1048:between
904:eudicots
874:monocots
851:Illicium
737:monocots
732:Illicium
703:Magnolia
535:Taxonomy
462:pericarp
395:perianth
314:stipules
270:because
137:Family:
130:Zaytzeva
128:, &
122:Melikyan
7358:7941101
7332:6003628
7277:Q689001
7097:3667900
7071:2497097
6984:ZooBank
6823:3667902
6797:5403756
6742:Q310470
6650:1294247
6637:27047-1
6598:3667901
6572:5403754
6226:Apiales
5892:Lamiids
4991:Malvids
4946:Huaceae
4641:Rosales
4593:Fagales
4560:Fabales
4474:Vitales
4198:Buxales
4144:Poaceae
3652:Araceae
3611:Lilidae
3117:Lamiids
3097:Apiales
2947:Malvids
2937:Fagales
2927:Rosales
2922:Fabales
2884:Vitales
2809:Buxales
2398:3219971
2340:2397498
2195:2499045
2157:Bibcode
2149:Science
1880:1083416
1708:Bibcode
1641:2142920
1621:Bibcode
1460:3298537
1114:ex situ
1061:Ecology
1020:vessels
966:as the
669:accept
647:APG III
540:History
423:⁄
413:⁄
403:whorled
359:carpels
355:stamens
254:species
234:endemic
153:Genus:
113:Order:
81:Plantae
7485:886389
7446:182968
7433:927960
7417:NZOR:
7410:261009
7397:846604
7371:152141
7306:216171
7188:295910
7149:112153
7045:413498
6901:303950
6849:129826
6836:450322
6766:ARKive
6676:303952
4497:Fabids
4464:Rosids
4071:Poales
3276:APG IV
2894:Fabids
2872:Rosids
2752:Poales
2528:APG IV
2473:Hawaii
2405:
2395:
2347:
2337:
2291:
2262:
2254:
2193:
2185:
2116:
2071:
2036:
1953:
1933:&
1887:
1877:
1767:
1726:
1666:
1639:
1605:Nuphar
1584:
1508:
1480:&
1458:
1420:p. 98.
1412:
1389:
1345:p. 186
1205:&
1195:(IPNI)
1157:&
1147:(IPNI)
1109:relict
827:Nuphar
743:using
735:, the
726:Nuphar
651:APG IV
458:stigma
399:tepals
391:bracts
371:pollen
307:simple
227:shrubs
202:Baill.
164:Baill.
146:Pichon
7480:WoRMS
7384:12564
7379:IRMNG
7345:1AMBO
7319:924HW
7201:55385
7175:22097
7162:18132
7144:IRMNG
7123:71436
7084:1AMBF
6932:Plazi
6888:13333
6810:BMBTR
6784:65ZQY
6663:13332
6645:IRMNG
6624:71271
6585:1BMBG
6559:628VH
3289:Plant
2541:Plant
2309:"The
2289:S2CID
2260:S2CID
2252:JSTOR
2191:S2CID
1982:(PDF)
1863:: 5.
1765:S2CID
1747:Aliso
1724:S2CID
1637:S2CID
1582:S2CID
1506:S2CID
1456:JSTOR
1387:S2CID
708:parts
679:clade
675:basal
454:drupe
450:fruit
434:style
387:cymes
383:axils
324:xylem
295:shrub
240:, of
231:trees
220:genus
215:is a
101:Clade
88:Clade
7405:NCBI
7392:ITIS
7353:GBIF
7340:EPPO
7301:APNI
7209:POWO
7170:NCBI
7157:ITIS
7131:IPNI
7105:GRIN
7092:GBIF
7079:EPPO
7040:BOLD
6945:POWO
6883:NCBI
6870:IUCN
6857:IPNI
6831:GRIN
6818:GBIF
6805:EPPO
6684:POWO
6658:NCBI
6632:IPNI
6606:GRIN
6593:GBIF
6580:EPPO
2453:via
2403:PMID
2345:PMID
2183:PMID
2114:PMID
2069:PMID
2034:PMID
1951:ISBN
1885:PMID
1664:ISBN
1410:ISBN
1218:2023
1170:2023
1006:base
747:and
745:cDNA
649:and
598:The
571:The
544:The
470:seed
322:has
299:tree
7467:WFO
7327:EoL
7314:CoL
7245:WFO
7066:EoL
7058:69G
7053:CoL
6971:WFO
6792:EoL
6779:CoL
6710:WFO
6611:501
6567:EoL
6554:CoL
2442:in
2393:PMC
2383:doi
2335:PMC
2325:doi
2281:doi
2242:doi
2173:hdl
2165:doi
2153:342
2147:".
2106:doi
2061:doi
2024:doi
1943:doi
1875:PMC
1865:doi
1822:doi
1818:181
1792:doi
1755:doi
1716:doi
1629:doi
1617:228
1574:doi
1570:161
1544:doi
1498:doi
1494:165
1448:doi
1377:hdl
1369:doi
1259:hdl
1249:doi
1245:161
1026:of
643:APG
464:is
418:to
222:of
7504::
7482::
7469::
7456::
7443::
7430::
7407::
7394::
7381::
7368::
7355::
7342::
7329::
7316::
7303::
7288::
7273::
7247::
7224::
7211::
7198::
7185::
7172::
7159::
7146::
7133::
7120::
7110:50
7107::
7094::
7081::
7068::
7055::
7042::
7027::
7012::
6986::
6973::
6960::
6947::
6934::
6921::
6898::
6885::
6872::
6859::
6846::
6833::
6820::
6807::
6794::
6781::
6768::
6753::
6738::
6712::
6699::
6686::
6673::
6660::
6647::
6634::
6621::
6608::
6595::
6582::
6569::
6556::
6541::
6526::
2401:.
2391:.
2379:12
2377:.
2373:.
2343:.
2333:.
2319:.
2315:.
2287:.
2258:.
2250:.
2238:29
2236:.
2232:.
2189:.
2181:.
2171:.
2163:.
2151:.
2112:.
2102:28
2100:.
2067:,
2057:96
2055:,
2032:.
2020:63
2018:.
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2006:;
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1786:.
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1312:.
1308:.
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1243:.
1239:.
1226:^
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1034:.
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657:.
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338:;
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256:,
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2605:¹
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20:)
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