362:"The psychological prototype of 'amae' lies in the psychology of the infant in its relationship to its mother; not a newborn infant, but an infant who has already realised that its mother exists independently of itself ... s its mind develops it gradually realises that itself and its mother are independent existences, and comes to feel the mother as something indispensable to itself, it is the craving for close contact thus developed that constitutes, one might say, amae."
242:, which he describes as a uniquely Japanese need to be in good favor with, and be able to depend on, the people around oneself. He likens this to behaving childishly in the assumption that parents will indulge you (Doi 2001:16), and claims that the ideal relationship is that of the parent–child, and all other relationships should strive for this degree of closeness (Doi 2001:39).
38:
371:"He may be your father or your older brother or sister ... But he may just as well be your section head at the office, the leader of your local political faction, or simply a fellow struggler down life's byways who happened to be one or two years ahead of you at school or the university. The amae syndrome is pervasive in Japanese life."
271:), which Doi uses to describe the behavior of a person attempting to induce an authority figure, such as a parent, spouse, teacher, or supervisor, to take care of them. The word is rarely used of oneself, but rather is applied descriptively to the behavior of other people. The person who is carrying out
280:, but Doi argued that child-rearing practices in the Western world seek to stop this kind of dependence, whereas in Japan it persists into adulthood in all kinds of social relationships. However, these cultural concepts do not apply to indigenous cultures in Japan, such as the
366:
According to Doi and others, in Japan the kind of relationship based on this prototype provides a model of human relationships in general, especially (though not exclusively) when one person is senior to another. As another writer puts it:
275:
may beg or plead, or alternatively act selfishly while secure in the knowledge that the caregiver will indulge them. The behavior of children towards their parents is perhaps the most common example of
304:
is not just a
Japanese phenomenon, the Japanese are the only people known to have an extensive vocabulary for describing it. The reason for this is that
410:
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378:
may also be used to describe the behavior of a husband who comes home drunk and depends on his wife to get him ready for bed. In Japan,
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as "to depend and presume upon another's benevolence". It indicates, for Doi, "helplessness and the desire to be loved".
1835:
600:
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164:
1724:
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Doi developed this idea to explain and describe many kinds of
Japanese behavior. However, Doi states that while
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386:, but it is also recognized as a key ingredient in loving relationships, perhaps more so than the notions of
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1108:
317:), a fondness for unanimous agreement in decision-making, the ambiguity and hesitation of self-expression (
186:
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1512:
409:
Doi's work has been hailed as a distinctive contribution to psychoanalysis by the
American psychiatrist
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780:
308:
is a major factor in
Japanese interaction and customs. Doi argues that nonverbal empathic guesswork (
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577:
Dependency and
Japanese socialization: psychoanalytic and anthropological investigations into amae
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108:
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37:
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was originally published in
Japanese in 1971, and an English translation by
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506:. English trans. John Bester (2nd ed.). Tokyo: Kodansha International.
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studies as being anecdotal and full of inaccuracies. (See Dale, P. 1986
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Doi's work has been heavily criticized by academics specializing in
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is, in essence, a request for indulgence of one's perceived needs.
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The
Anatomy of Dependence: The Key Analysis of Japanese Behavior
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can also be defined as "to wish to be loved", and denotes
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332:dynamics are communicative manifestations of the
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95:Dependence, Japanese national characteristics,
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406:, Mouer and Sugimoto 1986, 1982, Kubota 1999)
318:
309:
266:
256:
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63:
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478:the Key to Understanding Japanese Culture?"
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614:
579:, 1993 New York, New York University Press
527:: Reconsideration and Reconceptualization"
36:
472:Herman W Smith & Takako Nomi (2000).
232:is a 1971 book by Japanese psychoanalyst
1796:Simultaneous recruiting of new graduates
236:, discussing at length Doi's concept of
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523:Communication and the Psychology of
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261:) is the nominal form of the verb
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482:Electronic Journal of Sociology
404:The Myth of Japanese Uniqueness
336:psychology of Japanese people.
288:, the latter of which replaces
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804:Light skin in Japanese culture
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42:Cover of the hardcover edition
13:
1:
670:Blood type personality theory
636:Japanese social concepts and
553:Japan: The Fragile Superpower
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428:was later published in 1973.
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382:does have a connotation of
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10:
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31:The Anatomy of Dependence
1836:Japanese family structure
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781:Japanese political values
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589:The Anatomy of Dependence
534:Keio Communication Review
422:The Anatomy of Dependence
319:
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212:The Anatomy of Dependence
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134:Published in English
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517:Yoshitaka Miike (2003).
1725:Japanese business terms
1697:Business card etiquette
1508:Japanese street fashion
390:so common in the West.
1826:1971 non-fiction books
551:Gibney, Frank (1975).
373:
364:
109:Kodansha International
27:1971 book by Takeo Doi
1856:Books about parenting
1757:Labor unions in Japan
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645:Sociocultural values
1762:Lifetime employment
1114:Japanese honorifics
502:Doi, Takeo (1981).
417:Publication history
296:In literary context
58:Original title
32:
1767:Management culture
1187:Sitting positions
30:
1846:Books about Japan
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723:Hara hachi bun me
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575:Frank A. Johnson,
438:Attachment theory
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125:Publication place
16:(Redirected from
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484:. Archived from
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349:dependency needs
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116:Publication date
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1220:Types of people
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1209:Other positions
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1088:Bowing in Japan
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935:Yamato-damashii
675:Brother complex
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595:, Inc., 2001.
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453:Nihonjinron
426:John Bester
400:nihonjinron
326:), and the
282:Ainu people
78:John Bester
1820:Categories
1750:Kyariaūman
1513:Genderless
1378:Hikikomori
1161:Giri choco
947:Aesthetics
881:Omotenashi
555:. Norton.
519:"Japanese
459:References
384:immaturity
358:Doi says,
74:Translator
1782:Salaryman
1713:Ho-Ren-Sō
1602:Akiba-kei
1433:Otokonoko
1318:Burakumin
1068:Etiquette
1038:Wabi-sabi
975:Jo-ha-kyū
872:Nemawashi
863:Mottainai
774:Isagiyosa
540:: 93–115.
394:Reception
234:Takeo Doi
192:150/.19/5
105:Publisher
52:Takeo Doi
1803:Zaibatsu
1741:Keiretsu
1638:Shotacon
1612:moe zoku
1584:Omorashi
1501:Bōsōzoku
1410:Jouhatsu
1336:Chūnibyō
1309:Bishōnen
908:Tsundoku
814:Fudōshin
797:Kotodama
705:Gekokujō
587:Doi, T.
432:See also
92:Subjects
87:Japanese
84:Language
1789:Shinise
1732:Karoshi
1647:Reki-jo
1630:Lolicon
1621:Fujoshi
1609:Figure
1561:Visual
1529:Ganguro
1366:Freeter
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1119:Manual
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899:Sontaku
890:Shuhari
841:Zanshin
832:Shoshin
738:tatemae
686:Bushido
388:romance
284:or the
154:170 pp.
1668:fandom
1556:Lolita
1538:Gyaruo
1461:Senpai
1452:Sensei
1401:Ikemen
1392:Iemoto
1327:Chikan
1271:Banchō
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1181:Kamiza
1095:Dogeza
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1002:Miyabi
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823:Mushin
788:Kaizen
756:Ikigai
714:Hansei
638:values
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315:sasshi
263:amaeru
179:756181
48:Author
1704:Haken
1593:Otaku
1547:Kogal
1520:Gyaru
1467:kōhai
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1353:Ebune
1345:Denpa
1291:Bijin
1202:Seiza
1193:Agura
1170:Ninjō
1144:]
1122:keigo
1056:Yūgen
917:Ukiyo
732:Honne
530:(PDF)
324:enryo
219:甘えの構造
151:Pages
146:Print
128:Japan
65:甘えの構造
1665:Yaoi
1656:Wota
1464:and
1426:NEET
1385:Idol
1152:Giri
1137:Gimu
1047:Yabo
957:Ensō
853:Miai
735:and
698:Face
663:Amae
654:Aiki
597:ISBN
557:ISBN
525:Amae
476:amae
474:"Is
380:amae
376:Amae
353:Amae
334:amae
306:amae
302:amae
290:amae
278:amae
273:amae
252:Amae
239:amae
173:OCLC
160:ISBN
138:1973
120:1971
98:amae
18:Amae
1564:kei
1070:and
1011:Moe
966:Iki
268:甘える
1822::
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1358:ja
1142:ja
993:Ma
926:Wa
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538:25
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320:遠慮
311:察し
258:甘え
222:,
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