394:
274:
418:. About 90% of this seepage entered Mexico. At first this seepage caused widespread flooding, but Mexicali Valley residents and businesses built drainage and pumping systems to recover the seepage. Mexicali Valley agriculture became reliant upon this seepage for irrigation. As water use increased in both rural and urban areas, this seepage became an issue of concern. The All-American Canal Lining Project, a part of California's Colorado River Water Use Plan, lined 37 kilometers (23 mi) of the canal to prevent seepage. In 2006, a Mexicali business and civic organization and two California environmental non-profits challenged the lining project in US federal court on the basis that it violated the water rights of Mexican water users and violated US environmental statutes due to the seepage's effects on the nearby Andrade Mesa Wetlands. A rider in the
382:
60:
361:, now providing most of its water. The rest is from smaller rivers and drainage systems. Historically, the Salton Sea had been periodically flooded by extreme Colorado River floods and usually dried up before being reflooded. If not for the All-American Canal, the Salton Sea would have likely dried up long ago. The system transports silt, selenium and salts from the Colorado River into the Salton Sea. Because there is no outlet to the ocean, these salts and minerals are concentrated by evaporation.
1023:
1017:
1005:
36:
285:
1011:
370:
67:
999:
333:, and East Highline are located on the All-American Canal. Two other power plants, Double Weir and Turnip, are located on the Central Main Canal and Westside Main Canal branches, respectively. The power plants are all relatively small and have a combined capacity of 58 MW. Electricity generation is dictated by water delivery needs. There is also a 7.2 MW
199:
before its last branch heads mostly north into the
Imperial Valley. Smaller canals branching off the All-American Canal move water into the Yuma Valley and the Imperial Valley. These canal systems irrigate up to 630,000 acres (250,000 ha) of crop land and have made possible a greatly increased
316:
where it drains into the
Westside Main Canal. The main canal is 82 miles (132 km) long, with a total drop of 175 feet (53 m), a width of 150 to 700 feet (46 to 213 m) and a depth of 7 to 50 feet (2.1 to 15.2 m). The canals get smaller as they run west because they carry less
312:, East Highline Canal, Central Main Canal, and the Westside Main Canal. These six main branches of the canal and a network of smaller canals gradually reduce the flow of the All-American Canal until it ends at a small drop in the western
434:
Over 500 people have drowned in the All-American Canal since its completion due to deep, cold water, steep sides that make escape difficult, and swift currents that can reach 5.45 mph (8.77 km/h). Many of those killed are
211:
The All-American Canal runs parallel to the Mexico–California border for several miles. With over 500 people having drowned in the canal since its completion, it has been called "the Most
Dangerous Body of Water in the U.S."
447:
allocated $ 1.1 million in order to install lines with lifesaving buoys across the canal in 105 locations. Bilingual signs reading "Warning: Dangerous Water" were also installed in 1,414 locations along the canal.
1784:
228:
426:
built a parallel canal along the designated section of the original canal, and the water flow was rerouted into the new lined canal. Construction began in 2007 and was completed in 2009.
200:
crop yield in this area, originally one of the driest on earth. It is the largest irrigation canal in the world, carrying a maximum of 26,155 cubic feet per second (740.6 m/s).
726:"The (Almost) All-American Canal: Consejo de Desarrollo Economico de Mexicali v. United States and the Pursuit of Environmental Justice in Transboundary Resources Management"
414:
Approximately 68,000 acre-feet (84,000,000 m) was lost annually by seepage from the All-American Canal, especially from the point where the canal crosses the great
216:
393:
1789:
1779:
273:
1430:
1703:
1405:
443:. Deaths peaked at 31 in 1998 after increased border security measures in San Diego forced migrants to cross the border in other areas. In 2011 the
811:
1395:
896:
725:
756:
1814:
1794:
787:
258:
1698:
658:
130:
1809:
1708:
1774:
1377:
1331:
1258:
859:
566:
1754:
1355:
436:
330:
1336:
1301:
864:
419:
59:
219:
has issued an advisory for any fish caught in the All-American Canal due to elevated levels of mercury, PCBs, and selenium.
1769:
1640:
1223:
1713:
889:
625:
262:
243:
1678:
1650:
1585:
1243:
1739:
826:
354:
1124:
1804:
1590:
882:
467:
337:
plant at
Senator Wash Dam. Water from the Senator Wash Reservoir is released when water needs exceed flows at
854:
515:
1749:
1655:
1153:
1129:
444:
423:
313:
301:
180:
1635:
1193:
764:
171:
is an 82-mile-long (132 km) aqueduct, located in southeastern
California. It conveys water from the
1744:
1645:
1630:
1400:
289:
387:
A section of the canal, showing the steep concrete liner and a line of buoys added to prevent drowning
1759:
1625:
457:
329:
power plants have been constructed along drops in the All-American Canal system. Drops 1 through 5,
1764:
1178:
1799:
1549:
1539:
1511:
1471:
1291:
600:
John Lucian Savage
Biography by Abel Wolman & W. H. Lyles, National Academy of Science, 1978.
692:"The All-American Canal Lining Dispute: An American Resolution over Mexican Groundwater Rights?"
1683:
1580:
1286:
440:
422:
required the completion of the lining project, however, and the lawsuit was rendered moot. The
665:
381:
349:
Runoff from the farmland irrigated by the All-American Canal make up most of the flows in the
1672:
1316:
1266:
1173:
472:
195:
on the
Colorado River, diverts water into the All-American Canal, which runs to just west of
1620:
1466:
1445:
1238:
1163:
855:
From the
Colorado River to the Salton Sea: The story of Imperial Valley's Water (slideshow)
196:
573:
494:
250:
Its design and construction was supervised by the Bureau's then chief designing engineer,
8:
1476:
1385:
247:
1718:
1544:
1506:
1326:
1248:
183:, and to nine cities. It is the Imperial Valley's only water source, and replaced the
1271:
1208:
805:
542:
400:
278:
1595:
1168:
1068:
869:
1564:
1516:
1410:
1281:
1233:
1213:
1158:
1073:
1055:
1050:
978:
462:
415:
309:
40:
View of about 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) of the All-American Canal just west of
690:
Cortez-Lara, Alfonso A.; Megan K. Donovan; Scott
Whiteford (January–June 2009).
597:
1693:
1435:
1350:
1306:
1183:
1134:
905:
691:
334:
251:
201:
172:
20:
632:
1733:
1340:
1276:
1203:
1198:
1188:
1092:
645:
502:
498:
326:
192:
145:
132:
41:
308:. The All-American Canal feeds, from east to west, the Yuma Main Canal, the
1688:
1600:
1440:
1345:
1086:
1037:
610:
Harding, Matt (20 December 2016). "Canal System Now
Engineering Landmark".
305:
188:
176:
827:"All-American Canal: Buoys Strung On Border Waterway To Prevent Drownings"
689:
1559:
1534:
1501:
1496:
1486:
1481:
1450:
1360:
1321:
1311:
1218:
1081:
1063:
1042:
350:
227:
184:
113:
874:
1425:
1415:
1390:
1296:
1228:
952:
931:
358:
338:
239:
205:
101:
1785:
Transportation buildings and structures in Imperial County, California
1022:
1491:
1420:
1016:
1004:
664:. US Bureau of Reclamation. 12 Jan 2006. pp. 3–8. Archived from
242:
by the 1928 Boulder Canyon Project Act and built in the 1930s by the
659:"Supplemental Information Report: All-American Canal Lining Project"
284:
35:
1010:
938:
870:- 60 Minutes Episode: The All-American Canal (May 2, 2010 5:00 PM)
865:"Digging the World's Biggest Ditch", October 1936, Popular Science
966:
924:
985:
945:
369:
998:
959:
217:
California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment
91:
788:"Border Bodies: The grim mysteries of Southern California"
409:
238:
The All-American Canal was authorized along with the
304:
operates it. Water for the canal is diverted at the
618:
1704:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California
300:The Bureau of Reclamation owns the canal, but the
505:article have been incorporated into this article.
1790:Buildings and structures in Yuma County, Arizona
1731:
439:attempting to cross the canal after passing the
1780:Bodies of water of Imperial County, California
516:"The Deadly Passage of the All-American Canal"
890:
598:http://books.nap.edu/html/biomems/jsavage.pdf
810:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
757:"Canal Project Receives Environmental Award"
495:All-American Canal, California-Mexico border
259:National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark
204:from the All-American Canal drains into the
1699:International Boundary and Water Commission
191:, about 30 miles (48 km) northeast of
897:
883:
648:Salton Sea Authority | Myths and Realities
646:http://www.saltonsea.ca.gov/about/myth.htm
187:, which was located mostly in Mexico. The
66:
904:
399:Straight section of canal, photograph by
283:
272:
226:
609:
257:In 2016, the canal was designated as a
1732:
824:
754:
490:
488:
420:Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006
878:
860:All-American Canal - Maven's Notebook
591:
540:
410:The All-American Canal Lining Project
1815:Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks
1641:Glen Canyon National Recreation Area
723:
1795:United States Bureau of Reclamation
572:. December 21, 1928. Archived from
485:
263:American Society of Civil Engineers
244:United States Bureau of Reclamation
231:Map showing the All-American Canal
13:
1679:Colorado River Board of California
1651:Lake Mead National Recreation Area
786:Solis, Brett Kelman, and Gustavo.
429:
14:
1826:
1810:1942 establishments in California
848:
825:Spagat, Elliot (4 January 2011).
785:
375:Imperial dam, source of the water
1775:Geography of the Colorado Desert
1249:Gulf of California/Sea of Cortez
1021:
1015:
1009:
1003:
997:
392:
380:
368:
65:
58:
34:
1755:Irrigation in the United States
818:
779:
748:
717:
683:
357:, both of which drain into the
16:Aqueduct in southern California
1591:Colorado River Storage Project
651:
639:
603:
559:
534:
508:
468:California Development Company
277:Imperial Valley photograph by
124: • coordinates
1:
1586:Colorado–Big Thompson Project
755:Lobeck, Joyce (14 Mar 2011).
478:
295:
268:
254:, and was completed in 1942.
108:Physical characteristics
1656:Rocky Mountain National Park
567:"Boulder Canyon Project Act"
445:Imperial Irrigation District
424:Imperial Irrigation District
302:Imperial Irrigation District
19:For the canal in Texas, see
7:
1770:Lower Colorado River Valley
1636:Dead Horse Point State Park
1194:Lower Colorado River Valley
541:Admin, OEHHA (2018-12-17).
451:
10:
1831:
1714:U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
1646:Grand Canyon National Park
1631:Colorado National Monument
222:
18:
1664:
1626:Canyonlands National Park
1613:
1573:
1525:
1459:
1376:
1369:
1257:
1146:
1030:
995:
913:
626:"About the Salton Sea..."
458:All-American Canal Bridge
344:
161:
122:
112:
107:
97:
87:
82:
53:
33:
28:
320:
288:All-American Canal near
146:32.875876°N 114.472448°W
48:North is to upper right.
1740:Aqueducts in California
1550:Central Arizona Project
1540:Colorado River Aqueduct
1512:Theodore Roosevelt Lake
1472:Flaming Gorge Reservoir
437:undocumented immigrants
1684:Colorado River Compact
1581:Boulder Canyon Project
306:Imperial Diversion Dam
292:
281:
235:
151:32.875876; -114.472448
1805:Canals opened in 1942
1673:Arizona v. California
1317:Little Colorado River
730:Ecology Law Quarterly
724:Ries, Nicole (2008).
473:Imperial Land Company
287:
276:
230:
74:Location of the mouth
1621:Arches National Park
1467:Fontenelle Reservoir
1164:Colorado River Basin
1104:Middle Granite Gorge
629:Salton Sea Authority
543:"All-American Canal"
416:Algodones Dune Field
197:Calexico, California
1750:Interbasin transfer
1709:Rapids and features
1477:Blue Mesa Reservoir
1109:Lower Granite Gorge
831:The Huffington Post
767:on 10 February 2013
671:on 10 February 2017
248:Six Companies, Inc.
202:Agricultural runoff
142: /
1719:William Mulholland
1555:All-American Canal
1545:San Diego Aqueduct
1507:Imperial Reservoir
1327:Roaring Fork River
441:U.S.–Mexico border
293:
282:
236:
169:All-American Canal
29:All-American Canal
1745:Canals in Arizona
1727:
1726:
1609:
1608:
1272:Dirty Devil River
1209:Palo Verde Valley
1115:Grand Wash Canyon
1060:Horsethief Canyon
165:
164:
1822:
1760:Coachella Valley
1614:Designated areas
1596:Grand Valley AVA
1460:Major reservoirs
1374:
1373:
1169:Colorado Plateau
1147:Natural features
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1069:Westwater Canyon
1025:
1019:
1013:
1007:
1001:
988:
981:
969:
962:
955:
948:
941:
934:
927:
899:
892:
885:
876:
875:
842:
841:
839:
837:
822:
816:
815:
809:
801:
799:
798:
783:
777:
776:
774:
772:
763:. Archived from
752:
746:
745:
743:
741:
721:
715:
714:
712:
710:
696:
687:
681:
680:
678:
676:
670:
663:
655:
649:
643:
637:
636:
631:. Archived from
622:
616:
615:
607:
601:
595:
589:
588:
586:
584:
579:on June 13, 2011
578:
571:
563:
557:
556:
554:
553:
538:
532:
531:
529:
527:
512:
506:
497:Portions of the
492:
396:
384:
372:
157:
156:
154:
153:
152:
147:
143:
140:
139:
138:
135:
69:
68:
62:
38:
26:
25:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1765:Imperial Valley
1730:
1729:
1728:
1723:
1660:
1605:
1569:
1565:Coachella Canal
1527:
1521:
1517:San Carlos Lake
1455:
1386:Shadow Mountain
1365:
1282:Escalante River
1253:
1244:Montague Island
1234:Imperial Valley
1214:Colorado Desert
1159:Rocky Mountains
1142:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1091:
1074:Cataract Canyon
1056:De Beque Canyon
1051:Glenwood Canyon
1026:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1002:
993:
984:
979:Baja California
977:
965:
958:
951:
944:
937:
930:
923:
909:
903:
851:
846:
845:
835:
833:
823:
819:
803:
802:
796:
794:
784:
780:
770:
768:
753:
749:
739:
737:
722:
718:
708:
706:
694:
688:
684:
674:
672:
668:
661:
657:
656:
652:
644:
640:
635:on 3 July 2009.
624:
623:
619:
608:
604:
596:
592:
582:
580:
576:
569:
565:
564:
560:
551:
549:
539:
535:
525:
523:
522:. 30 April 2010
514:
513:
509:
493:
486:
481:
463:Brock Reservoir
454:
432:
430:Drowning deaths
412:
407:
406:
405:
404:
403:
397:
389:
388:
385:
377:
376:
373:
347:
323:
314:Imperial Valley
310:Coachella Canal
298:
271:
225:
181:Imperial Valley
150:
148:
144:
141:
136:
133:
131:
129:
128:
125:
78:
77:
76:
75:
72:
71:
70:
49:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1828:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1800:Colorado River
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1668:
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1665:Related topics
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1610:
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1577:
1575:
1574:Water projects
1571:
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1568:
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1557:
1552:
1547:
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1537:
1531:
1529:
1523:
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1382:
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1371:
1367:
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1353:
1351:Las Vegas Wash
1348:
1343:
1334:
1332:San Juan River
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1307:Gunnison River
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
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1211:
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1191:
1186:
1184:Sonoran Desert
1181:
1179:Horseshoe Bend
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1135:Pyramid Canyon
1132:
1127:
1125:Boulder Canyon
1122:
1119:
1118:Iceberg Canyon
1116:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1084:
1079:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1058:
1053:
1048:
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1040:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1027:
996:
994:
992:
991:
990:
989:
982:
972:
971:
970:
963:
956:
949:
942:
935:
928:
920:United States
917:
915:
911:
910:
906:Colorado River
902:
901:
894:
887:
879:
873:
872:
867:
862:
857:
850:
849:External links
847:
844:
843:
817:
792:The Desert Sun
778:
747:
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699:Frontera Norte
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335:pumped storage
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290:Algodones Road
279:Charles O'Rear
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252:John L. Savage
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173:Colorado River
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21:American Canal
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1526:Aqueducts and
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1431:Headgate Rock
1429:
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1414:
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1409:
1407:
1404:
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1689:Floyd Dominy
1671:
1601:Yuma Project
1554:
1401:Grand Valley
1346:Virgin River
1292:Fraser River
1154:River course
1130:Black Canyon
1087:Grand Canyon
1038:Byers Canyon
834:. Retrieved
830:
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795:. Retrieved
791:
781:
769:. Retrieved
765:the original
760:
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738:. Retrieved
736:(3): 491–530
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189:Imperial Dam
177:Yuma Project
168:
166:
45:
1694:Lee's Ferry
1560:Alamo Canal
1535:Grand Ditch
1502:Lake Havasu
1497:Lake Mohave
1487:Lake Powell
1482:Navajo Lake
1411:Glen Canyon
1406:Price-Stubb
1370:Engineering
1322:Paria River
1312:Kanab Creek
1302:Green River
1287:Eagle River
1259:Tributaries
1219:Alamo River
1082:Glen Canyon
1064:Ruby Canyon
1043:Gore Canyon
836:31 December
771:31 December
740:31 December
709:31 December
675:31 December
351:Alamo River
185:Alamo Canal
149: /
137:114°28′21″W
1734:Categories
1436:Palo Verde
1297:Gila River
1267:Blue River
1229:Salton Sea
1174:Grand Lake
953:New Mexico
932:California
797:2021-03-04
552:2018-12-21
479:References
359:Salton Sea
339:Parker Dam
331:Pilot Knob
296:Irrigation
269:Operations
240:Hoover Dam
206:Salton Sea
134:32°52′33″N
102:California
1492:Lake Mead
1396:Windy Gap
1361:Río Hardy
1224:New River
1047:Red Gorge
355:New River
175:into the
1441:Imperial
939:Colorado
806:cite web
761:Yuma Sun
612:Yuma Sun
583:June 19,
520:CBS News
452:See also
233:(yellow)
83:Location
1451:Morelos
1031:Canyons
974:Mexico
967:Wyoming
925:Arizona
526:30 July
317:water.
261:by the
223:History
88:Country
1528:canals
1446:Laguna
1426:Parker
1416:Hoover
1391:Granby
986:Sonora
946:Nevada
908:system
345:Runoff
325:Eight
179:, the
118:
1421:Davis
1239:Delta
695:(PDF)
669:(PDF)
662:(PDF)
577:(PDF)
570:(PDF)
547:OEHHA
321:Power
114:Mouth
98:State
46:Note:
960:Utah
838:2012
812:link
773:2012
742:2012
711:2012
677:2012
585:2010
528:2021
353:and
246:and
215:The
167:The
92:U.S.
1736::
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