122:
from Yale and two from
Columbia, along with other noted practitioners from the United States and beyond. Local dentists and professionals from Japan were among the instructors. In June 1915, a total of 27 students graduated from the first class. Many graduates went on to jobs with the Bridgeport school district, where they played a major part in reducing
100:, to clean teeth and perform other preventive treatments on children, making her the world's first dental hygienist. Newman's training consisted in large part in learning to clean teeth under Fones' guidance. For teaching aids, Fones took the many extracted teeth from his practice, mounted them in a modeling compound and painted
121:
The first classes of the "Fones Clinic For Dental
Hygienists" were held in a garage behind Fones' office in a carriage house at 10 Washington Avenue in Bridgeport. Despite the humble location, the school's faculty included the deans of the dental schools of Pennsylvania and Harvard, seven professors
108:
Fones once said: "It is primarily to this important work of public education that the dental hygienist is called. She must regard herself as the channel through which dentistry’s knowledge of mouth hygiene is to be disseminated the greatest service she can perform is the persistent education of the
129:
Some years later, Fones suspended operation of the school so that he could devote more time to traveling and lecturing on dental hygiene. Eleven years after his death (on March 15, 1938), in 1949, dental professionals and the Junior
College of Connecticut (of which Dr. Fones had been a trustee)
104:
around the neck of each tooth to represent calculus and stains. Newman started performing oral prophylaxis for the public in 1907. (She later received the world’s first license as a dental hygienist in
Connecticut in 1917, and she became the first president of the Connecticut Dental Hygienists
88:" and in 1913 established the first school of dental hygiene. Fone's father was mayor of Bridgeport from 1886 to 1888 and was also a practicing dentist, becoming the first "dental commissioner" for the City of Bridgeport. Alfred Fones graduated from the New York College of Dentistry in 1890.
117:
Newman's training seemed to help the children, so Fones launched a program to make preventive dental treatment available to schoolchildren in
Bridgeport. In 1913 he established a school for dental hygienists, convincing the Bridgeport board of education to help fund the program. Although he
118:
envisioned dental hygienists in doctors' offices, his primary goal was to have them work in schools. Fones raised a total of $ 46,000 to open the school, which had a first class of 34 women, many of them "mature" women who were school teachers, nurses or doctors' wives.
328:
by the "Committee to
Understand the Role of Allied Health Personnel", published in 1989 by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) in Washington, D.C., page 23, electronic version of the book at the "National Academies Press" Web site, accessed December 17,
145:
The
American Dental Hygienists' Association, founded in 1923, bestows the Alfred Fones Award to recognize outstanding achievement and dedication to the dental hygiene profession. The Connecticut Dental Association also has an Alfred Fones Award.
307:
236:
243:
Web page titled "Dental
Hygiene Movement Started in Bridgeport, Connecticut" at the web site of Central High School in Bridgeport, Connecticut, accessed December 17, 2007
272:
Web page titled "History of
Dentistry/ Innovations in Techniques and Technology—The 20th Century" at the American Dental Association Web site, accessed December 17, 2007
137:. As of 2007 education in the field has expanded, with more than 200 dental hygiene schools and 120,000 registered dental hygienists in the United States alone.
189:
Most sources, and the more authoritative sources, say 1906, although the web site for
Central High School in Bridgeport, on two separate Web pages, says 1905
352:
97:
256:
405:
305:
234:
415:
314:
Web page titled "Bridgeport Firsts" at the Web site of Central High School in Bridgeport, Connecticut, accessed December 17, 2007
410:
216:"History of the Fones School of Dental Hygiene" Web page at the University of Bridgeport Web site, accessed December 17, 2007
209:
379:, (apparently a newsletter for some alumni of the University of Michigan), page 5, accessed December 17, 2007
363:
134:
101:
260:
77:
32:
323:
400:
395:
296:
Wyoming Dental Hygienists' Association newsletter, Summer 2007, accessed December 17, 2007
8:
294:
172:
85:
311:
240:
213:
81:
389:
123:
207:
176:
109:
public in mouth hygiene and the allied branches of general hygiene."
165:
Revista del Museo de la Facultad de Odontologia de Buenos Aires
96:
In 1906 he trained his chairside assistant (and his cousin),
105:
Association; she died November 15, 1958, at the age of 83.)
163:
Bagur, D. B (1997). "The dental assistant in Argentina".
133:
The Fones School of Dental Hygiene is now located at the
91:
80:, who has been called the founder of the profession of
76:(1869 – March 15, 1938) was an American dentist from
257:"ADA.org: History of Dentistry in the 20th Century"
281:Associated Press report dated November 15, 1958,
112:
387:
130:reopened the Fones School of Dental Hygiene.
84:, starting in 1906. Fones created the name "
251:
249:
326:Allied Health Services: Avoiding Crises
388:
246:
230:
228:
226:
224:
222:
203:
201:
199:
197:
195:
162:
92:Founding dental hygienist profession
406:People from Bridgeport, Connecticut
219:
13:
192:
140:
14:
427:
338:Death listings (not an obituary)
345:
332:
416:20th-century American dentists
317:
299:
288:
275:
183:
156:
113:Fones School of Dental Hygiene
1:
285:, published November 17, 1958
149:
51:New York College of Dentistry
411:American dentistry academics
7:
126:in students by 75 percent.
10:
432:
63:
55:
47:
39:
25:
18:
135:University of Bridgeport
78:Bridgeport, Connecticut
74:Alfred Civilion Fones
20:Alfred Civilion Fones
369:on September 3, 2006
310:2006-03-07 at the
239:2006-03-07 at the
212:2006-09-03 at the
71:
70:
423:
380:
378:
376:
374:
368:
362:. Archived from
361:
349:
343:
336:
330:
321:
315:
303:
297:
292:
286:
279:
273:
271:
269:
268:
259:. Archived from
253:
244:
232:
217:
205:
190:
187:
181:
180:
160:
102:plaster of Paris
86:dental hygienist
16:
15:
431:
430:
426:
425:
424:
422:
421:
420:
386:
385:
384:
383:
372:
370:
366:
359:
351:
350:
346:
337:
333:
322:
318:
312:Wayback Machine
304:
300:
293:
289:
280:
276:
266:
264:
255:
254:
247:
241:Wayback Machine
233:
220:
214:Wayback Machine
206:
193:
188:
184:
161:
157:
152:
143:
141:Namesake awards
115:
98:Irene M. Newman
94:
35:
30:
21:
12:
11:
5:
429:
419:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
382:
381:
344:
342:March 17, 1938
340:New York Times
331:
316:
298:
287:
283:New York Times
274:
245:
218:
191:
182:
154:
153:
151:
148:
142:
139:
114:
111:
93:
90:
82:dental hygiene
69:
68:
67:Civilion Fones
65:
61:
60:
57:
53:
52:
49:
45:
44:
43:March 15, 1938
41:
37:
36:
31:
27:
23:
22:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
428:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
393:
391:
365:
358:
356:
348:
341:
335:
327:
324:
320:
313:
309:
306:
302:
295:
291:
284:
278:
263:on 2006-02-08
262:
258:
252:
250:
242:
238:
235:
231:
229:
227:
225:
223:
215:
211:
208:
204:
202:
200:
198:
196:
186:
178:
174:
171:(25): 17–25.
170:
166:
159:
155:
147:
138:
136:
131:
127:
125:
124:dental caries
119:
110:
106:
103:
99:
89:
87:
83:
79:
75:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
28:
24:
17:
371:. Retrieved
364:the original
354:
347:
339:
334:
325:
319:
301:
290:
282:
277:
265:. Retrieved
261:the original
185:
168:
164:
158:
144:
132:
128:
120:
116:
107:
95:
73:
72:
401:1938 deaths
396:1869 births
373:January 28,
357:newsletter"
390:Categories
267:2005-11-27
150:References
56:Occupation
33:Bridgeport
355:Dental/UM
48:Education
308:Archived
237:Archived
210:Archived
177:11638802
59:Dentist
175:
64:Parent
367:(PDF)
360:(PDF)
375:2009
329:2007
173:PMID
40:Died
29:1869
26:Born
392::
248:^
221:^
194:^
169:12
167:.
377:.
353:"
270:.
179:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.