604:
149:
309:
1172:
39:
299:
2290:
619:
of
Dessalines on 17 October 1806, Pétion championed the ideals of democracy and clashed with Henri Christophe who wanted absolute rule. Christophe was elected president, but he did not believe the position had sufficient power, as Pétion kept powers for himself. Christophe went to the north with his
656:
Believing in the importance of education, Pétion started the Lycée Pétion in Port-au-Prince. Petion's virtues and ideals of freedom and democracy for the world (and especially slaves) were strong, and he often showed support for the oppressed. He gave sanctuary to the independence leader
653:("good-hearted father"). The land seizures and changes in agriculture reduced the production of commodities for the export economy. Most of the population became full subsistence farmers, and exports and state revenue declined sharply, making survival difficult for the new state.
464:, the free people of color constituted a third caste between the whites and enslaved Africans. While restricted in political rights, many received social capital from their fathers and became educated and wealthy landowners, resented by the
571:
arrived with tens of warships and 32,000 French troops to bring Saint-Domingue under more control. Gens de couleur Petion, Boyer, and Rigaud returned with him in the hope of securing power in the colony.
736:
1808:
1748:
1763:
865:
Fenton, Louise, Pétion, Alexander Sabès (1770-1818) in
Rodriguez, Junius P., ed. Encyclopedia of slave resistance and rebellion. Vol. 2. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007. p374-375
587:
on
October 17, 1803. Dessalines proclaimed independence on 1 January 1804, naming the nation Haiti. On 6 October 1804, Dessalines declared himself ruler for life and was crowned
631:. After the inconclusive struggle dragged on until 1810, a peace treaty was agreed to, and the country was split in two. In 1811, Christophe made himself king of the northern
1818:
575:
Following the French deportation of
Toussaint Louverture and the renewed struggle, Pétion joined the nationalist force in October 1802. This followed a secret conference at
1838:
1888:
1858:
1848:
1833:
661:
in 1815 and provided him with material and infantry support. This vital aid played a defining role in
Bolivar's success in liberating the countries of what would make up
1813:
1783:
1723:
564:; the defence was commanded by Pétion. The town fell in March 1800 and the rebellion was effectively over. Pétion and other mulatto leaders went into exile in France.
1843:
1778:
508:, instructed Sir Adam Williamson, the lieutenant-governor of Jamaica, to sign an agreement with representatives of the French colonists that promised to restore the
1718:
2113:
1823:
400:. Regarded as an excellent artilleryman in his early adulthood, Pétion would distinguish himself as an esteemed military commander with experience leading both
2164:
1828:
1788:
1793:
1738:
624:. The loyalties of the country divided between them, and the tensions between the blacks and mulattoes of the North and South, respectively, were reignited.
1883:
1803:
901:
743:
649:
Pétion seized commercial plantations from the rich gentry. He had the land redistributed to his supporters and the peasantry, earning him the nickname
2123:
2118:
1863:
1089:
2194:
1649:
2169:
2329:
560:", in the South of Saint-Domingue, which began in June 1799. By November, the rebels were pushed back to the strategic southern port of
2379:
2334:
388:
from 1807 until his death in 1818. One of Haiti's founding fathers, Pétion belonged to the revolutionary quartet that also includes
103:
2265:
476:
led a rebellion to gain the voting and political rights which they believed were due them as French citizens; this was before the
75:
2354:
1015:
986:
408:
would prove to be a watershed moment in the decade-long conflict, eventually culminating in the decisive
Haitian victory at the
544:
When tensions arose between full blacks and mulattoes, Pétion frequently supported the mulatto faction. He allied with
General
603:
2244:
1082:
82:
2174:
2154:
568:
405:
56:
2374:
2359:
2003:
1930:
497:
1171:
20:
1998:
89:
2159:
2324:
1593:
1358:
953:
926:
712:
628:
385:
259:
122:
2149:
1573:
2344:
1642:
1075:
676:
as his successor as president of the
Republic of Haiti; he took control in 1818 following the death of Pétion from
2033:
1878:
1733:
71:
27:
2275:
1331:
1098:
2184:
1270:
1245:
1220:
148:
1898:
1893:
1743:
1728:
60:
1337:
2384:
742:. The Flag Heritage Foundation Monograph And Translation Series Publication No. 3. p. 13. Archived from
1773:
1427:
2369:
2364:
2219:
1713:
1250:
2028:
1285:
2093:
1920:
1635:
1397:
1141:
902:"Constitution of Haiti from 27 December 1806, and its revision from 2 June 1816, year 13 of independence"
512:, slavery and discrimination against mixed-race colonists, a move that drew criticism from abolitionists
1320:
541:), racial tensions in Saint-Domingue were exacerbated in competition for power and political alliances.
1903:
1205:
1195:
501:
2189:
1798:
2349:
2339:
1873:
666:
588:
401:
324:
277:
2108:
505:
493:
96:
813:"Johnson's (revised) Universal Cyclopaedia: A Scientific and Popular Treasury of Useful Knowledge"
480:. At that time, most free people of color did not support freedom or political rights for slaves.
2270:
1973:
1116:
1035:
592:
580:
404:
and
Haitian troops. The 1802 coalition formed by him and Dessalines against French forces led by
393:
190:
49:
638:
On 2 June 1816, Pétion modified the terms of the presidency in the constitution, making himself
1908:
1672:
1522:
1512:
1487:
1482:
1181:
968:
461:
1913:
1156:
835:
812:
789:
409:
1935:
1758:
1543:
1325:
916:
702:
1768:
1687:
1265:
537:
by ten to one. During the years of warfare against French planters (commonly referred to as
2319:
2314:
2179:
2078:
2008:
1958:
1853:
1437:
681:
553:
525:
477:
389:
1432:
8:
2128:
1290:
643:
642:. Initially a supporter of democracy, Pétion found the constraints imposed on him by the
513:
328:
2083:
1507:
1382:
1347:
1295:
2239:
2058:
2013:
1925:
1753:
1658:
1527:
1275:
1151:
1107:
1049:
658:
639:
489:
356:
167:
2063:
990:
450:
2088:
2073:
2068:
1988:
1978:
1682:
1557:
1260:
1235:
1161:
1146:
1136:
1059:
949:
922:
708:
673:
549:
469:
203:
2018:
1993:
1497:
1477:
1422:
1367:
945:
Beyond the slave narrative: politics, sex, and manuscripts in the
Haitian revolution
2043:
1677:
1532:
1517:
1448:
1121:
1019:
632:
612:
397:
1562:
2103:
1963:
1552:
1315:
1305:
1215:
1200:
970:
943:
611:
Disaffected members of Emperor Dessalines's administration, including Pétion and
533:
in Saint-Domingue, where the enslaved black population outnumbered the white and
517:
440:
380:
346:
1983:
1492:
1417:
1407:
889:
Slavery, War and Revolution: The British Occupation of Saint Domingue, 1793–1798
790:"The New American Encyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge XIII"
545:
2048:
2023:
1462:
1402:
1255:
1240:
1230:
1190:
1126:
704:
Our Man in Haiti: George de Mohrenschildt and the CIA in the Nightmare Republic
621:
584:
457:
421:
255:
239:
235:
1708:
1692:
1372:
2308:
2249:
1968:
1868:
1582:
1472:
1392:
1387:
1377:
1300:
662:
616:
557:
509:
425:
969:
Marion, Alexandre Pétion; Ignace Despontreaux Marion; Simón Bolívar (1849).
2294:
1467:
1457:
1310:
677:
665:. Petion was reported to be influenced by his (and his successor's) lover,
530:
1067:
2203:
2199:
1587:
1342:
1502:
833:
153:
16:
Haitian revolutionary; 1st President of the Republic of Haiti (1807–18)
774:
Arrogant Armies: Great Military Disasters and the Generals Behind Them
583:, the general who had captured Jacmel. The rebels took the capital of
1627:
488:
Pétion returned to Saint-Domingue as a young man to take part in the
38:
2144:
576:
434:
2098:
429:
445:(free people of color) with wealthy fathers, Pétion was sent to
2053:
561:
446:
384:; 2 April 1770 – 29 March 1818) was the first president of the
787:
615:, began a conspiracy to overthrow Dessalines. Following the
523:
There had long been racial and class tensions between the
684:
died in 1820, Boyer reunited the nation under his rule.
19:"Pétion" redirects here. For the French politician, see
975:(in French). Port-au-Prince: De l'imp. de Jh. Courtois.
2165:
Donatien-Marie-Joseph de Vimeur, vicomte de Rochambeau
948:. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. p. 185.
620:
followers and established an autocracy, declaring the
680:. After Henri Christophe of the Kingdom of Haiti and
627:
Pétion was elected President in 1807 of the southern
987:"Femmes d'Haïti - Marie-Madeleine (Joute) Lachenais"
734:
63:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
834:Battier, Alcibiade Fleury; Rafina, Gesner (1881).
468:, who were mostly minor tradesmen. Following the
2306:
941:
788:Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A., eds. (1872).
646:onerous and suspended the legislature in 1818.
914:
1643:
1083:
737:"History of The Haitian Flag of Independence"
921:. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. p. 25.
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
700:
1097:
1650:
1636:
1090:
1076:
420:Pétion was born "Anne Alexandre Sabès" in
147:
2170:Philibert François Rouxel de Blanchelande
850:
438:(a quarter African ancestry). Like other
123:Learn how and when to remove this message
2266:United States and the Haitian Revolution
2195:Louis-René Levassor de Latouche Tréville
904:. Saint Marc. 1820. p. Article 142.
602:
449:in 1788 to be educated and study at the
918:The Making and the Destruction of Haiti
777:. Edison: CastleBooks. pp. 72, 85.
766:
764:
492:, participating in skirmishes with the
2307:
1657:
669:, who acted as his political adviser.
556:in a failed rebellion, the so-called "
460:, as in other French colonies such as
1631:
1071:
810:
770:
483:
379:
180:9 March 1807 – 29 March 1818
2155:Thomas-Antoine de Mauduit du Plessis
815:. A.J. Johnson & Co. p. 221
761:
61:adding citations to reliable sources
32:
1931:Haitian Declaration of Independence
498:Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville
13:
2330:Infectious disease deaths in Haiti
2245:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry
1999:Suzanne Simone Baptiste Louverture
891:(New York: Clarendon Press, 1982).
598:
26:For the Haitian Navy gunboat, see
14:
2396:
1594:Transitional Presidential Council
1009:
735:Fombrun, Odette Roy, ed. (2009).
2380:19th-century Haitian politicians
2335:Haitian people of French descent
2288:
1170:
878:(London: Penguin, 1938), p. 109.
307:
297:
37:
2276:Women in the Haitian Revolution
2160:Honoré Joseph Antoine Ganteaume
1211:Council of Secretaries of State
979:
962:
935:
908:
894:
48:needs additional citations for
2355:Haitian independence activists
2004:Marie-Claire Heureuse Félicité
881:
868:
827:
804:
781:
728:
701:Mellen, Joan (November 2012).
694:
381:[alɛksɑ̃dʁsabɛspetjɔ̃]
1:
687:
415:
28:Haitian ship Alexandre Pétion
2185:Louis-Marie Stanislas Fréron
1413:Executive Government Council
156:portrait of Alexandre Pétion
7:
2150:Gabriel, comte d'Hédouville
1921:Armistice of March 30, 1798
1281:Commission for Public Order
836:"Sous les Bambous: Poésies"
424:to Pascal Sabès, a wealthy
21:Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve
10:
2401:
2375:People from Port-au-Prince
2360:People from Saint-Domingue
1904:Blockade of Saint-Domingue
567:In February 1802, General
502:Secretary of State for War
428:father and Ursula, a free
25:
18:
2284:
2258:
2250:Denmark Vesey's rebellion
2232:
2212:
2137:
2029:Marie-Jeanne Lamartinière
1951:
1944:
1874:Saint-Domingue expedition
1701:
1665:
1603:
1571:
1541:
1446:
1356:
1179:
1168:
1105:
1056:
1047:
1032:
1027:
667:Marie-Madeleine Lachenais
579:, where Pétion supported
496:force in Northern Haiti.
366:
362:
352:
342:
334:
325:French Revolutionary Army
318:
292:
287:
283:
278:Marie-Madeleine Lachenais
273:
265:
245:
218:
213:
209:
197:
184:
173:
165:
161:
146:
139:
2325:Deaths from yellow fever
2034:Léger-Félicité Sonthonax
942:Jenson, Deborah (2012).
838:(in French). p. 209
707:. Trine Day. p. 7.
506:William Pitt the Younger
432:woman, which made him a
2345:Haitian revolutionaries
2271:Haiti Independence Debt
2220:Joaquín García y Moreno
2190:Louis Jean Nicolas Abbé
1974:Jean-Jacques Dessalines
1332:Revolutionary Committee
1099:Heads of state of Haiti
915:Senauth, Frank (2011).
581:Jean-Jacques Dessalines
394:Jean-Jacques Dessalines
191:Jean-Jacques Dessalines
2114:Jean-Pierre Louverture
2109:Jean-François Papillon
2094:Charles Rivière-Hérard
1673:Devastations of Osorio
1226:Public Order Committee
608:
529:and enslaved and free
396:, and his later rival
373:Alexandre Sabès Pétion
1936:1804 Haitian massacre
972:Expédition de Bolivar
771:Perry, James (2005).
672:Pétion named General
606:
377:French pronunciation:
335:Years of service
193:(as Emperor of Haiti)
2385:Free people of color
2180:Jean Augustin Ernouf
2079:Jean-Baptiste Belley
2009:Henriette Saint Marc
1959:Toussaint Louverture
1438:Jean-Claude Duvalier
1117:Dessalines/Jacques I
993:on 24 September 2015
554:Toussaint Louverture
478:1791 slave rebellion
390:Toussaint Louverture
223:Anne Alexandre Sabès
57:improve this article
2370:Presidents for life
2365:Presidents of Haiti
1879:Ravine-à-Couleuvres
1162:Soulouque/Faustin I
811:Press, ed. (1886).
514:William Wilberforce
410:Battle of Vertières
2240:Louisiana Purchase
2059:Jean-Louis Pierrot
1926:Law of 20 May 1802
1909:Môle-Saint-Nicolas
1899:2nd Port-au-Prince
1729:1st Port-au-Prince
1714:Croix-des-Bouquets
1702:Battles and events
1688:François Mackandal
1659:Haitian Revolution
1122:Christophe/Henry I
1050:President of Haiti
1028:Political offices
640:president for life
609:
504:to prime minister
490:Haitian Revolution
484:Haitian Revolution
357:Haitian Revolution
168:President of Haiti
72:"Alexandre Pétion"
2302:
2301:
2228:
2227:
2089:Magloire Ambroise
2074:Philippe Guerrier
2069:Faustin Soulouque
1979:Jean-Pierre Boyer
1952:Rebels and allies
1683:French Revolution
1625:
1624:
1433:François Duvalier
1066:
1065:
1060:Jean-Pierre Boyer
1057:Succeeded by
1045:
629:Republic of Haiti
550:Jean-Pierre Boyer
470:French Revolution
386:Republic of Haiti
370:
369:
204:Jean-Pierre Boyer
133:
132:
125:
107:
2392:
2350:Haitian generals
2340:Mulatto Haitians
2295:Haiti portal
2293:
2292:
2291:
2084:Étienne Polverel
2044:Henri Christophe
2039:Alexandre Pétion
1949:
1948:
1774:Port-Républicain
1678:Slavery in Haiti
1652:
1645:
1638:
1629:
1628:
1617:
1609:
1483:Pascal-Trouillot
1174:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1069:
1068:
1039:
1033:Preceded by
1025:
1024:
1020:Internet Archive
1003:
1002:
1000:
998:
989:. Archived from
983:
977:
976:
966:
960:
959:
939:
933:
932:
912:
906:
905:
898:
892:
885:
879:
872:
866:
863:
848:
847:
845:
843:
831:
825:
824:
822:
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802:
801:
799:
797:
785:
779:
778:
768:
759:
758:
756:
754:
748:
741:
732:
726:
725:
723:
721:
698:
633:Kingdom of Haiti
613:Henri Christophe
607:Alexandre Pétion
589:Emperor of Haiti
451:Military Academy
398:Henri Christophe
383:
378:
320:
313:
311:
310:
303:
301:
300:
252:
232:
230:
214:Personal details
200:
187:
178:
151:
141:Alexandre Pétion
137:
136:
128:
121:
117:
114:
108:
106:
65:
41:
33:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2305:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2289:
2287:
2280:
2254:
2224:
2208:
2175:Charles Leclerc
2133:
2124:Gaou Louverture
2119:Paul Louverture
2104:Victoria Montou
2064:François Capois
1964:Georges Biassou
1940:
1894:Crête-à-Pierrot
1697:
1661:
1656:
1626:
1621:
1615:
1607:
1599:
1567:
1537:
1442:
1352:
1175:
1166:
1101:
1096:
1062:
1053:
1038:
1016:Works by Pétion
1012:
1007:
1006:
996:
994:
985:
984:
980:
967:
963:
956:
940:
936:
929:
913:
909:
900:
899:
895:
886:
882:
873:
869:
864:
851:
841:
839:
832:
828:
818:
816:
809:
805:
795:
793:
786:
782:
769:
762:
752:
750:
749:on 4 March 2016
746:
739:
733:
729:
719:
717:
715:
699:
695:
690:
601:
599:Post-revolution
569:Charles Leclerc
535:gens de couleur
526:gens de couleur
518:Thomas Clarkson
486:
474:gens de couleur
441:gens de couleur
418:
406:Charles Leclerc
376:
327:
308:
306:
305:
298:
296:
288:Military career
254:
250:
234:
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142:
129:
118:
112:
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24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2273:
2268:
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2234:
2233:Related events
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2209:
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2206:
2197:
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2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2129:Armée Indigène
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2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
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2061:
2056:
2051:
2049:Julien Raimond
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2024:Catherine Flon
2021:
2019:Charles Bélair
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1994:Cécile Fatiman
1991:
1986:
1981:
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1961:
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1901:
1896:
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1846:
1841:
1839:Petite-Rivière
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1819:Grande-Rivière
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
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1576:(2021–present)
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1989:Dédée Bazile
1984:André Rigaud
1784:2nd Tannerie
1769:Les Gonaïves
1744:Fort-Dauphin
1734:Cap-Français
1724:1st Tannerie
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1398:Pierre-Louis
1338:Dartiguenave
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840:. Retrieved
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817:. Retrieved
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794:. Retrieved
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744:the original
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718:. Retrieved
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233:2 April 1770
199:Succeeded by
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55:Please help
50:verification
47:
2320:1818 deaths
2315:1770 births
2200:French Army
1824:Las Cahobas
1809:3rd Tiburon
1764:2nd Tiburon
1759:La Bombarde
1749:1st Tiburon
1709:Bois Caïman
1693:Vincent Ogé
1618:Provisional
1546:(2011–2021)
1451:(1986–2011)
1361:(1930–1986)
1184:(1859–1930)
1110:(1804–1859)
753:24 December
720:14 December
266:Nationality
186:Preceded by
2309:Categories
1854:Jean-Rabel
1844:2nd Dondon
1829:Mirebalais
1789:Saint-Marc
1779:1st Dondon
1719:Morne Pelé
1666:Background
1544:earthquake
1508:Jonassaint
1359:Occupation
1054:1807–1818
1042:as Emperor
688:References
453:in Paris.
416:Early life
293:Allegiance
229:1770-04-02
154:Lithograph
113:April 2017
83:newspapers
1914:Vertières
1889:Plaisance
1859:2nd Irois
1849:1st Irois
1739:Marmelade
1528:Alexandre
1266:Simon Sam
1261:Hyppolite
1236:Hyppolite
1036:Jacques I
593:Jacques I
462:Louisiane
412:in 1803.
338:1791–1803
176:In office
2259:See also
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1611:De facto
1553:Martelly
1523:Aristide
1513:Aristide
1488:Aristide
1449:Duvalier
1393:Magloire
1321:Théodore
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1191:Geffrard
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577:Arcahaie
552:against
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319:Service/
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1804:Trutier
1794:Léogane
1616:‡
1558:Privert
1498:Nérette
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1463:Manigat
1428:Kébreau
1423:Fignolé
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1408:Cantave
1403:Sylvain
1368:Vincent
1296:Auguste
1291:Leconte
1241:Salomon
1231:Lamothe
1201:Salnave
1152:Pierrot
1018:at the
682:his son
494:British
430:mulatto
347:General
269:Haitian
97:scholar
2138:French
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1945:People
1864:Jacmel
1583:Joseph
1533:Préval
1518:Préval
1493:Cédras
1468:Namphy
1458:Namphy
1388:Lavaud
1383:Estimé
1378:Lavaud
1373:Lescot
1301:Oreste
1276:Alexis
1132:Pétion
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562:Jacmel
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402:French
321:branch
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1574:Moïse
1572:Post–
1563:Moïse
1542:Post–
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1473:Avril
1447:Post–
1357:Post–
1343:Borno
1311:Zamor
1286:Simon
1256:Jeune
1206:Saget
1196:Saget
1180:Post–
1157:Riché
1137:Boyer
1106:Post–
747:(PDF)
740:(PDF)
674:Boyer
314:Haiti
260:Haiti
104:JSTOR
90:books
2204:Navy
2202:and
1754:Acul
999:2012
950:ISBN
923:ISBN
844:2015
821:2015
798:2015
755:2015
722:2014
709:ISBN
548:and
516:and
343:Rank
246:Died
219:Born
166:1st
76:news
1348:Roy
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456:In
59:by
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