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390:"sparse, methodical tone of Japanese" by using more elevated and formal language. He draws on his academic background in classical Japanese literature to inform some of these translations. When it comes to the question of leaving Japan-specific terms untranslated, Smith is careful to either translate around it or provide a concise description of the term. He only resorts to leaving a word in Japanese in rare, plot-critical cases, such as with a
402:, stating "Nothing kills the flow of a text more than a long-winded explanation of something which would have come second nature to a reader of the original ". For less "literary" mediums like manga and games, Smith feels more free to maximize the audience's enjoyment if a strict literal translation that adheres to the original sentence structure would impede that enjoyment.
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as a title that demands to be in
English and thought of his work as revealing the inner English game that always existed underneath. Smith was able to speak directly with Matsuno to improve the script translation, marking the first of their many collaborations. For
276:
titles. By working as a contractor, he found that he had better access to the development team to aid in his translation process, free from the fetters of corporate communication protocols. In 2005, during the protracted development of
472:" just before he fades away. Although the word literally means "thank you", Smith chose to elaborate on the connotations of the word and the tone of the scene, settling on "I love you"—the first time the phrase has appeared in a
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430:-accented Resistance members. For both of these titles, Smith relied on Matsuno's dense notes on the world's backstory to capture subtle and implied connections and preserve the rich texture of the game.
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who portrayed Larsa, a precocious prince. Smith was able to rewrite the script based on the actors he had cast for each character. He also made a key change to one of the final lines of
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With his translations, Smith goes to great lengths to preserve the experience of the original text as much as possible, especially if it has a distinct feel. For
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s script that was voiced took more time to translate than the remaining 93%. In his role as voice producer, Smith searched for character actors like
163:, Japan, where he operates his own contract localization business, Kajiya Productions, and is co-founder of a translation and publishing company,
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Smith left Square in 2002 to found Kajiya
Productions—a freelance translation and localization company—with Joseph Reeder, his co-translator on
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project after Yasumi
Matsuno, the original director, had left and was not able to collaborate on the script with him directly, unlike with
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is a professional
Japanese to English translator and author. While his output covers many areas such as adaptation of Japanese novels,
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297:'s writing to be very funny and clever, which drew him to the challenge of translating Takumi's jokes and wordplay. Smith joined the
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2417:"We're happy to announce that @aokajiya and @josephreeder are working on Final Fantasy XII: The Zodiac Age! #ff12 #FINALFANTASY"
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that distinguished the game from its straightforward
Japanese counterpart. His last major work as a Square employee was on
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with his friend Tony
Gonzalez and his Kajiya Productions partner Joseph Reeder. The company's first major work was
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and
British stage actors for the judges. He was pleased by the performance of Johnny McKeown, the
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2248:"Expert Witness: An Interview with Alex Smith, the Writer Behind Ace Attorney's English Debut"
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In addition to translation, Smith has composed
English lyrics for a number of
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during testing. In 1999, he worked as the main
English translator for
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1970:"Localization Tactics: A Conversation with Alexander O. Smith"
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Credited as translator or localization specialist unless noted
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Smith first gained an interest in
Japanese after attending an
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scripts, and various academic works, he is best known for his
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2089:"Interview: Kajiya Productions on Translating Final Fantasy"
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Translated with Elye Alexander and Amanda Jun Katsurada
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Muhyo & Roji's Bureau of Supernatural Investigation
211:. His first work in translation was as a subtitler for
1927:– Smith's superior at Square's localization department
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after earning his master's degree, working as part of
207:, during which he was asked to perform voice-over for
2221:"Alexander O. Smith: LibraryThing Author Interview"
2055:(Podcast). 8-4 Play. Event occurs at 47:15–48:15.
1994:
346:'s vocal tracks, including "Melodies of Life" from
2414:
2028:(Podcast). 8-4 Play. Event occurs at 8:15–10:55.
1532:Light novel series; translated with Elye Alexander
1865:A Midsummer's Equation: a Detective Galileo novel
2466:
2053:"8-4 Play 1/24/2014: CANDY has a CRUSH on SAGAt"
2026:"8-4 Play 1/24/2014: CANDY has a CRUSH on SAGAt"
1507:Light novel series; translated with Rich Amtower
203:in 1998. Just before graduation, he interned at
2368:
2344:"Final Fantasy XII vets talk game localization"
2218:
2144:
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1348:Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5
1048:Final Fantasy Tactics A2: Grimoire of the Rift
2400:Smith, Alexander O. (2001). "The Last Word".
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1107:Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Winter Games
199:degree in Classical Japanese Literature from
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1407:Novel series; translated with Elye Alexander
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413:among his best translations. He looks to
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2369:Klepek, Patrick (December 14, 2015).
1997:"Alexander O. Smith LinkedIn profile"
2415:Kajiya Productions (June 8, 2016).
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2051:MacDonald, Mark (January 24, 2014).
2024:MacDonald, Mark (January 24, 2014).
426:accent to distinguish them from the
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2014:
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1166:Tactics Ogre: Let Us Cling Together
312:Tactics Ogre: Let Us Cling Together
13:
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2342:Tong, Sophia (September 7, 2009).
2318:from the original on March 4, 2016
2284:from the original on April 8, 2016
2276:Learned, John (October 12, 2015).
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1976:from the original on March 7, 2013
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2126:from the original on May 28, 2016
2095:from the original on May 13, 2013
405:Smith considers his treatment of
1308:Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4
1289:PlayStation 4, Microsoft Windows
1281:Final Fantasy XII The Zodiac Age
951:Star Ocean: Till the End of Time
931:Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles
437:dialogue to writing entirely in
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2362:
2310:Ward, Dave (November 8, 2011).
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1731:Rocket Girls 2: The Last Planet
632:The Misadventures of Tron Bonne
2312:"Alexander O. Smith Interview"
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2114:Zdyrko, David (May 22, 2000).
2087:Jeriaska (November 16, 2011).
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1843:Journey Under the Midnight Sun
1814:Translated with Elye Alexander
1791:Translated with Elye Alexander
1722:Translated with Elye Alexander
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815:Breath of Fire: Dragon Quarter
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16:American translator and author
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2485:American video game designers
2246:Mackey, Bob (June 23, 2015).
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1320:Ori and the Will of the Wisps
922:Editor, US recording producer
854:Final Fantasy Tactics Advance
742:GameCube, PlayStation 2, Xbox
2505:Japanese–English translators
1995:Smith, Alexander O. (2016).
1482:Translated with Rich Amtower
1029:Apollo Justice: Ace Attorney
970:Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney
290:Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney
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150:Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney
104:Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney
7:
2147:"Vagrant Story Game Review"
1968:Jeriaska (April 27, 2007).
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1328:Microsoft Windows, Xbox One
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433:Smith compares translating
398:used as a murder weapon in
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2480:American male voice actors
1000:Also US recording producer
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213:Japanese television dramas
159:. He currently resides in
2500:Harvard University alumni
2183:. RPGamer. Archived from
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2219:Dibbell, Jeremy (2011).
2145:Vestahl, Andrew (2000).
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227:. On his first project,
187:degree in Japanese from
2525:Video game localization
2495:Final Fantasy designers
1753:ICO: Castle in the Mist
1635:The Summer of the Ubume
1251:PlayStation 3, Xbox 360
1154:PlayStation 3, Xbox 360
753:Mega Man Battle Network
554:Final Fantasy Anthology
331:, a mathematics-themed
2179:RPGamer staff (2011).
356:, and "Eternity" from
135:software localizations
1300:428: Shibuya Scramble
460:with scenario writer
2187:on February 22, 2016
1800:Salvation of a Saint
1611:All You Need Is Kill
1174:PlayStation Portable
1020:Lyricist, "Eternity"
526:Cast & narration
352:, "Otherworld" from
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293:. He found director
2520:American subtitlers
1516:The Twelve Kingdoms
1491:Fullmetal Alchemist
1196:Translation support
1193:PlayStation Network
1098:Scenario translator
1067:Valkyria Chronicles
574:Chocobo's Dungeon 2
565:Translation support
2515:Writers from Tokyo
2456:Alexander O. Smith
2442:Alexander O. Smith
1660:The Book of Heroes
1623:Hiroshi Sakurazaka
1416:Samurai Deeper Kyo
1078:English ADR writer
535:Final Fantasy VIII
230:Final Fantasy VIII
201:Harvard University
119:Alexander O. Smith
78:Translator, author
65:Harvard University
25:Alexander O. Smith
1925:Richard Honeywood
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1647:Natsuhiko Kyogoku
1453:Narumi Kakinouchi
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1262:The Wonderful 101
989:Final Fantasy XII
911:Final Fantasy X-2
443:Final Fantasy XII
420:Final Fantasy XII
411:Final Fantasy XII
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280:Final Fantasy XII
270:Final Fantasy XII
225:localization team
221:Richard Honeywood
189:Dartmouth College
156:Final Fantasy XII
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83:Years active
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873:Final Fantasy XI
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804:Game Boy Advance
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710:Final Fantasy IX
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318:Wheel of Fortune
185:Bachelor of Arts
183:. He obtained a
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262:Final Fantasy X
215:. Smith joined
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75:Occupation(s)
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2410:
2404:(12): 36–37.
2401:
2395:
2385:February 13,
2383:. Retrieved
2374:
2364:
2354:February 13,
2352:. Retrieved
2346:. GameSpot.
2322:February 13,
2320:. Retrieved
2314:. RPG Site.
2288:February 13,
2286:. Retrieved
2258:February 13,
2256:. Retrieved
2241:
2231:February 13,
2229:. Retrieved
2191:February 13,
2189:. Retrieved
2185:the original
2159:. Retrieved
2155:the original
2150:
2140:
2128:. Retrieved
2119:
2109:
2099:February 13,
2097:. Retrieved
2063:February 13,
2061:. Retrieved
2046:
2036:February 13,
2034:. Retrieved
2006:February 13,
2004:. Retrieved
2000:
1990:
1980:February 13,
1978:. Retrieved
1902:
1863:
1841:
1821:
1798:
1773:
1751:
1729:
1704:
1694:Project Itoh
1680:
1658:
1633:
1609:
1587:
1563:
1539:
1514:
1503:Makoto Inoue
1489:
1464:
1439:
1414:
1389:
1338:
1318:
1298:
1279:
1260:
1241:
1232:Nintendo 3DS
1222:
1213:Nintendo 3DS
1203:
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500:Platform(s)
473:
457:
442:
441:. The 7% of
432:
419:
414:
410:
406:
404:
399:
381:
379:
363:
357:
353:
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341:
337:Hiroshi Yuki
326:
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242:
228:
208:
179:in northern
174:
154:
148:
142:
137:of Japanese
118:
117:
108:
102:
96:
92:Notable work
86:1997–present
18:
2280:. USgamer.
2250:. USgamer.
1787:Ryu Mitsuse
1541:Brave Story
1360:Other works
1137:Also editor
1056:Nintendo DS
1037:Nintendo DS
1009:Blue Dragon
978:Nintendo DS
892:Fire Emblem
721:Lyricist, "
718:PlayStation
699:PlayStation
679:PlayStation
660:PlayStation
640:PlayStation
621:PlayStation
601:PlayStation
582:PlayStation
562:PlayStation
543:PlayStation
523:Sega Saturn
515:Winter Heat
487:Video games
454:child actor
388:Higashino's
359:Blue Dragon
333:young adult
323:Bento Books
274:Square Enix
223:'s nascent
209:Winter Heat
165:Bento Books
139:video games
2469:Categories
1932:References
1528:Fuyumi Ono
1126:Gyromancer
834:Everblue 2
785:Otherworld
435:lip synced
328:Math Girls
309:remake of
295:Shu Takumi
235:GameSharks
141:including
2460:MobyGames
1570:2007–2010
1521:2007–2010
1496:2005–2007
1471:2005–2009
1466:Dr. Slump
1421:2004–2007
1396:2003–2008
1391:Guin Saga
335:novel by
171:Biography
40:Education
2379:Archived
2348:Archived
2316:Archived
2282:Archived
2252:Archived
2225:Archived
2124:Archived
2093:Archived
2057:Archived
2030:Archived
2001:LinkedIn
1974:Archived
1914:See also
1340:Humanity
1146:Vanquish
1087:MadWorld
1017:Xbox 360
939:GameCube
593:Koudelka
428:American
315:(titled
251:English
161:Kamakura
2446:Twitter
2425:Twitter
2151:GIA.com
1682:Harmony
1373:Medium
468:arigatō
424:British
394:kotatsu
376:Process
249:archaic
125:, song
2375:Kotaku
2161:May 2,
2130:May 8,
1822:Malice
1379:Notes
1367:Title
1351:Writer
1331:Writer
1311:Editor
1157:Editor
845:Editor
643:Editor
604:Editor
503:Notes
494:Title
478:game.
285:Capcom
253:idioms
217:Square
153:, and
127:lyrics
67:, 1998
57:, 1995
2421:Tweet
1873:Novel
1851:Novel
1829:Novel
1808:Novel
1783:Novel
1761:Novel
1739:Novel
1714:Novel
1690:Novel
1668:Novel
1643:Novel
1619:Novel
1597:Manga
1589:Cowa!
1573:Manga
1549:Novel
1524:Novel
1499:Novel
1474:Manga
1449:Manga
1424:Manga
1399:Novel
1370:Year
1270:Wii U
497:Year
482:Works
446:'
439:haiku
257:slang
181:China
131:anime
123:manga
2402:すばる
2387:2016
2356:2016
2324:2016
2290:2016
2260:2016
2233:2016
2193:2016
2163:2007
2132:2007
2101:2016
2065:2016
2038:2016
2008:2016
1982:2016
1870:2016
1848:2015
1826:2014
1805:2012
1780:2011
1758:2011
1736:2011
1711:2011
1687:2010
1665:2010
1640:2009
1616:2009
1594:2008
1546:2007
1446:2005
1383:Ref.
1345:2023
1325:2020
1305:2018
1286:2017
1267:2013
1248:2013
1229:2012
1210:2012
1190:2011
1171:2011
1151:2010
1131:2009
1112:2009
1092:2009
1072:2008
1053:2008
1034:2008
1014:2007
994:2006
975:2005
956:2004
936:2004
916:2003
897:2003
878:2003
859:2003
839:2003
820:2003
801:2002
777:2001
758:2001
739:2001
715:2000
696:2000
676:2000
657:2000
637:2000
618:2000
598:1999
579:1999
559:1999
540:1999
520:1997
507:Ref.
409:and
255:and
205:Sega
2458:at
2444:on
2120:IGN
1095:Wii
241:'s
2471::
2373:.
2332:^
2298:^
2268:^
2201:^
2171:^
2149:.
2122:.
2118:.
2073:^
2016:^
1999:.
1940:^
1890:^
339:.
283:,
167:.
147:,
129:,
107:,
101:,
63:,
49:,
2427:.
2419:(
2389:.
2358:.
2326:.
2292:.
2262:.
2235:.
2195:.
2165:.
2134:.
2103:.
2067:.
2040:.
2010:.
1984:.
787:"
725:"
191:/
53:/
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
