450:. Atop each strip is the handwritten title "Life in Hell" and "Copyright Matt Groening" and the year it was made. Sometimes the title would be stylized in different fonts, with "This is your" above "Life in Hell," or with alternate spelling's of Groening's name. In the strip "Why men growl" he wrote his name as Matt "Grrrrroening." In "Are you Easily Provoked?" he misspelled his name three times until getting it right and writing "godamnit" underneath. If the strip is cowritten, Groening writes the contributor's name(s) underneath his. Groening sometimes put where he was when he was making the strip, such as Chicago or Portland, underneath his name.
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544:-like striped shirts. They have run numerous businesses over the years, including Akbar & Jeff's Tofu Hut, Akbar & Jeff's Earthquake T-shirt Hut, and Akbar & Jeff's Bootleg "Akbar & Jeff" T-shirt Hut. Like Binky and Sheba, Akbar and Jeff are often used as a generic couple when needed. According to Groening, "the reason why I draw a strip with Akbar and Jeff instead of Binky and Sheba is that I figure that no one can accuse me of trying to score points against men or women if the characters are identical." They have been given cameo appearances in
279:. In a 1999 interview, Groening said that he added Akbar and Jeff to the comic to appease a girlfriend. Early on in the comic, Groening used Binky and his wife to mirror the arguments Groening himself had with this girlfriend. However, she grew irritated with Groening because she felt he was portraying her unfairly. The addition of the twin-like Akbar and Jeff was meant to act as a mask of anonymity to hide who was who in such arguments. According to Groening, however, she still told him, "You think you're Akbar, but you’re really Jeff."
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228:. These magazines contained comic strips, comedy sketches, letters, and photo collages. The magazine covers were humorous as well: the first issue saw Binky, a rabbit-humanoid character, standing in a cloud of smog and declaring, "What you see is what you breathe." Groening also worked other imagery into the covers, such as drawings from
386:, he would likely one day drop the strip. Three years later, Groening announced the strip's conclusion and the final new strip ran on June 16, 2012. The final strip shows Akbar or Jeff dancing naked, while the other tells him to stop. At the end of the strip he gives up and dances along with him, saying "Well, I tried."
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is Binky's illegitimate son, the product of a drunken night of "jungle passion." He was introduced in a 1983 storyline in which his mother, Hulga, left him with Binky so she could seek her fortune in New York. Bongo's defining physical attribute is his one ear, which
Groening admits is solely so that
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As television began to place more demands on his time, however, Groening came to almost exclusively feature single-panel strips or 16-panel grids in which Akbar and Jeff exchange terse jabs. This later period also saw the increase of autobiographical strips, perhaps because
Groening was influenced by
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and two calendars, one in collaboration with cartoonist Lynda Barry. The books caught the attention of
Pantheon/Randomhouse who wanted to expand the market for his books to include bookstores nationwide. The Life in Hell Cartoon Co. reserved the right to continue to sell the books to hip novelty and
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while I was listening to a drunken DJ who was giving his last program on a local rock station and bitterly denouncing the station's management. And then I had a series of lousy jobs." In the comic book, Groening attacked what many young adults found repellent: school, work, and love. He described it
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The strip was published in a perfect square, unlike most Sunday strips which are published in rectangles. Various formats were used for different strip topics. When Akbar and Jeff were discussing love
Groening would use four rows of boxes, each row with four in it. Other strips had one large panel,
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online; however, the website has remained in its "under construction" state since then, although
Groening insists he will "get around to it ... ready to wade in on a regular basis." As of August 8, 2024, the domain leads to sponsored ad listings with a "This page is under construction - Coming
48:
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cartoons. The gift line included t-shirts, mugs, calendars, and greeting cards. With Caplan's management and promotional talents his cartoon went from being published in 11 free weeklies to over 250 papers nationwide. In 1986, after
Groening and Caplan had married, they published
298:), Deborah Caplan, decided to publish a compilation of Groening's cartoons as a book entitled "Love is Hell". The book was an underground success, selling 22,000 copies in its first two printings. Caplan had already left her career in advertising sales at the
378:, to write "Life Is Swell" above the comic instead of "Life in Hell". Though Groening had previously stated that he would never give up the comic strip, in 2009 he indicated that due to troubling times for print newspapers and constant involvement with
362:
Television had also made the strip "safe enough for a number of newspapers to print", according to
Groening, who said he had not "toned the strip down at all, other than no longer using profanity" as a concession to daily papers that carried the strip.
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Jane Levine said
Groening arrived at editor-in-chief James Vowell's office one day, showing him his "silly cartoons with the rabbit with one ear." After Groening left, Vowell came out of his office saying, "This guy is gonna be famous someday."
685:". Occasionally there would also be a shadow Akbar & Jeff looming over Bongo and their nephews, or Binky looming over Bongo, Jeff, and Akbar, whom are pointing fingers at each other. One comic showed Bongo's shadow looming over Binky.
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was done entirely by himself, describing the comic as "Matt
Groening pure and simple," and explained that the strips were often weird or entirely different every week because of however he was feeling at the time of a strip's creation.
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is a stressed and thus "normal" rabbit and star of the cartoon. He usually embodies dread and alienation. Binky is usually stuck in a dead end job, has a bad apartment and regularly sees a therapist. Binky is usually full of wise old
653: – Arguably the most common set-up. A 1992 strip, "The Dart Game of Love", was prefaced with "I hope this cartoon pleases you gripers who whined about all those Akbar & Jeff strips where they stared at each other."
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are described in various strips and interviews as "either brothers or lovers — or both. Whatever offends you most, that’s what they are". In one interview, Groening says they are gay. They have large noses and wear
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is Binky's estranged girlfriend. Her character design is "basically Binky in drag". Binky and Sheba met at a coffee shop in a 1981 storyline, and are often used as a generic couple whenever
Groening needs
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In 1989, after the birth of their first son, Deborah Caplan Groening and Matt decided to end their business because Deborah wanted to focus on motherhood and Matt was launching his career in television.
647: – A series of strips focusing on a particular theme in a mock textbook manner, such as "School is Hell" and "Love is Hell", both of which have been collected in their entirety in book form.
717: – An annual compilation of buzzwords used over the past year that Groening has deemed "forbidden". This topic was the first ever comic by Groening, published in 1980. These also appear in
681: – Binky's looming shadow towers over Bongo, who has clearly committed a crime despite his assurances to the contrary. Several of Bongo's excuses parodied those of politicians, such as "
267:(an alternative weekly newspaper where Groening also worked as a typesetter, editor, paste-up artist and music critic) in 1980, where it began appearing weekly. Then-publisher of the
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couple. The comic covers a wide range of subjects, such as love, sex, work, and death, and explores themes of angst, social alienation, self-loathing, and fear of inevitable doom.
748:
In addition to the books, the comic also spawned T-shirts, sweatshirts, greeting cards, posters, coffee mugs, and a short-lived newsletter called the "Life in Hell Times".
582:, has never spoken—except when he uttered his former catch phrase "Don't have a cow, man!" in a "forbidden words" strip—but is seen in the background of a number of strips.
319:. Matt's books soon drew the attention of Pantheon/Randomhouse, which obtained the rights to distribute the books. In 1989, Life in Hell Cartoon Co/Acme closed its doors.
1994:
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253:, to which Groening made his first professional cartoon sale. The first strip, entitled "Forbidden Words", appeared in the September/October issue. Popular in the
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such as "Lonely Tyrant: The magazine for abusive bosses whose employees hate their guts". Stories inside include, "The fine art of the meaningless memo".
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for all"). The comic would always end with Bongo's teacher angrily leering at him, and often Bongo would be tied to his desk and gagged as punishment.
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comic book Groening used to describe life in Los Angeles to his friends. It was inspired by his move to the city that year; in an interview with
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Examples include "So You Want to Be an Unrecognized Genius", "How to Be a Clever Film Critic", and "How to Get into the College of Your Choice".
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characters for the show. Fearing the loss of ownership rights to his characters, Groening instead created an entirely new batch of characters:
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are Matt Groening's two sons, represented in rabbit form. They usually talk about vampires, zombies, and other child-fantasy topics.
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The 9 types of college teachers, the 81 types of high school students, the 16 types of brothers, the 9 types of relationships.
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magazine bought one of the magazines and liked it, and offered Groening a spot in the magazine; soon after, in 1978,
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Groening photocopied and distributed the magazines to friends, and also sold them for two dollars a copy at the
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comic book stores along with the line of novelty items the couple had produced over the previous 5 years.
727:- Often comedic ways on how to draw Binky, usually one of which is drawing randomly with your eyes closed.
695:. Bongo intentionally butchers the Pledge, usually criticizing the government in the process ("and to the
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200:, Groening commented on his arrival: "I got on a Friday night in August; it was about a hundred and two
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552:", where Homer uses finger puppets resembling the characters to describe his surgery to Bart and Lisa.
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333:. In 1985, Brooks contacted Groening with the proposition of developing a series of short animated
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appears in the strip as a bearded, bespectacled rabbit. He is also sometimes represented as Binky.
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in 1993, has Bongo replacing most of the words of the Pledge with names of Zappa albums ("With
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The Simpsons The Complete Fourth Season DVD commentary for the episode "Homer's Triple Bypass"
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Bongo unsatisfied with the huge assortment of presents he has received on Christmas morning
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The character designs of Akbar and Jeff were, in fact, failed attempts by Groening to draw
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made comics when they were in college, and the way it was published originally in the
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idealist's, conception of what adult existence in the '80s had turned out to be."
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the casual viewer can tell him apart from Binky. Bongo made an appearance in the
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are Akbar and/or Jeff's triplet nephews. The names are an obvious spoof of the
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On December 7, 1998, Groening registered the domain mattgroening.com to publish
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to manage the Life in Hell Co./Acme Features Syndicate full time, which managed
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soon!" message in the top right corner below the Network Solutions banner.
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The Simpsons: America's First Family (6 minute edit for the season 1 DVD)
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517:'s room, though he is called Madam Bunny. He is shown as a plush toy in "
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that was published weekly from 1977 to 2012. Its main characters include
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which I can't stand"). One strip, released after the death of musician
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In November 1984, Groening's then-girlfriend (and co-worker at the
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In the late 1980s, Groening drew several print advertisements for
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Advertisements for disreputable businesses run by Akbar & Jeff
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Binky and Bongo appear as background and enemy characters in the
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vinyl figurines manufactured by CritterBox Toys was announced.
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began development as an animated adaptation for a segment of
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Love is Hell: Special Ultra Jumbo 10th Anniversary Edition
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Love Is Hell: Special Ultra Jumbo 10th Anniversary Edition
1995:
The Simpsons 20th Anniversary Special – In 3-D! On Ice!
343:. Originally, Brooks had wanted Groening to adapt his
1406:"'Life in Hell' is over for cartoonist Matt Groening"
740:, Deborah Caplan, later Groening's wife, published
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is eating it in Bart's closet. He has a cameo in "
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670:- Usually, with 1 or 2 pairs of eyes watching him.
232:'s books and a photo of his family's living room.
1855:The Simpsons Meet the Bocellis in "Feliz Navidad"
1403:
1078:The Simpsons: An Uncensored, Unauthorized History
620:
2008:
1349:"Prime time is heaven for 'Life in Hell' Artist"
1169:(April 29, 1990). "Bart Simpson's Real Father".
1076:Ortved, John (2009). "The Matt Groening Show".
664:such as "Akbar & Jeff's Lucky Psychic Hut".
220:corner of the record store in which he worked,
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651:Akbar & Jeff discussing their relationship
183:to describe life in Los Angeles to his friends
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1298:"Doh! Groening's Guide to Digital Cartooning"
668:Bongo locked in a detention room or orphanage
374:Groening decided in 2007, in the wake of the
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204:; my car broke down in the fast lane of the
2027:2012 disestablishments in the United States
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1459:. New York: Penguin Books. p. 137.
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315:plus two calendars, one with cartoonist
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1593:"Life Is Heaven with Life In Hell Line"
1432:Miner, Michael. "Matt Groening and the
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592:dog boss at his job. His name predates
209:as "every ex-campus protester's, every
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2009:
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1378:Bergman, Erik H. (February 26, 2009).
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1302:USC Annenberg Online Journalism Review
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691:Bongo's class is forced to recite the
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1645:from the original on August 31, 2015.
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1719:(1999–2003; 2008–2013; 2023–present)
1531:Romanov, Alexander (July 27, 2005).
1509:
1237:
1036:Chocano, Carina (January 30, 2001).
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1006:Will and Abe's Guide to the Universe
487:", where he is seen being sold in a
393:
31:The Sick, the Dying... and the Dead!
1585:
1404:Graham, Jefferson (June 19, 2012).
1380:"Matt Groening looks to the future"
1371:
1347:Leopold, Todd (December 16, 1989).
1290:
1269:Doherty, Brian (March–April 1999).
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1203:
1080:. Greystone Books. pp. 11–26.
505:catches in the trap. He appears in
24:
1563:"Matt Groening Apple Ad from 1989"
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25:
2138:
1678:
1618:
1485:"The Secret Life of Lisa Simpson"
1440:(Chicago), Friday, June 22, 2012.
1238:Paul, Alan (September 30, 1995).
306:and merchandising for Groening's
1823:The Good, the Bart, and the Loki
398:
46:
1599:. July 18, 2005. Archived from
1555:
1533:"Rare Life in Hell Merchandise"
1491:. New York: Perennial. p.
1425:
1397:
1319:Shulman, Dave (July 19, 2007).
2047:Comics about rabbits and hares
1815:The Force Awakens from Its Nap
1766:The Beast with a Billion Backs
1455:(1997). "Hell For Beginners".
1321:"Matt Groening: Life is Swell"
1304:. January 2003. Archived from
886:Akbar and Jeff's Guide to Life
621:Recurring jokes and situations
602:Gooey, Screwy, and Ratatouille
29:For the song by Megadeth, see
13:
1:
1204:Kim, John W. (October 1999).
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501:" as one of the rabbits that
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1142:. New York: Pantheon Books.
1111:. New York: Pantheon Books.
1107:(1990). "About the Author".
657:Binky attempting to meditate
376:2006 United States elections
7:
1436:–joined at the hip,"
732:Merchandise and advertising
411:to comply with Knowledge's
10:
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1780:Into the Wild Green Yonder
1639:Don Markstein's Toonopedia
1628:References On The Simpsons
1442:Retrieved January 31, 2021
1171:Los Angeles Times Magazine
783:Simpsons arcade video game
282:In a 1991 interview about
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2127:American political satire
2117:LGBT-related comic strips
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1953:Olive, the Other Reindeer
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1597:Simpsons Collector Sector
1173:. pp. 12–18, 20, 22.
442:This is based on the way
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355:this burgeoning trend in
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1520:(DVD). 20th Century Fox.
1138:(1994). "Introduction".
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424:may contain suggestions.
409:may need to be rewritten
337:, called "bumpers", for
56:No. 4, published in 1978
2102:Comics set in the 2010s
2097:Comics set in the 2000s
2092:Comics set in the 1990s
2087:Comics set in the 1980s
2082:Comics set in the 1970s
2072:Autobiographical comics
1193:. UK: 20th Century Fox.
499:Treehouse of Horror XII
72:Current status/schedule
2107:Works by Matt Groening
1989:Rock Bottom Remainders
1945:The Tracey Ullman Show
1691:Awards and nominations
1489:Simpsons Comics Royale
491:. He also appeared in
340:The Tracey Ullman Show
184:
157:The Tracey Ullman Show
2032:American comic strips
1798:Playdate with Destiny
1457:The Huge Book of Hell
991:The Huge Book of Hell
961:Binky's Guide to Love
774:, a series of deluxe
736:After the success of
689:Pledge of Allegiance:
610:Huey, Dewey and Louie
550:Homer's Triple Bypass
286:, Groening said that
261:was picked up by the
190:started in 1977 as a
175:
2077:Slice of life comics
2067:Metafictional comics
2042:Comics about animals
1839:When Billie Met Lisa
1308:on October 26, 2005.
1109:The Big Book of Hell
901:The Big Book of Hell
693:Pledge of Allegiance
2037:Black comedy comics
2022:2012 comics endings
1863:Rogue Not Quite One
1847:Welcome to the Club
1790:The Longest Daycare
1543:on February 6, 2007
1250:on February 8, 2007
1206:"Keep 'em Laughing"
1050:on February 4, 2007
916:With Love From Hell
871:Greetings from Hell
725:"How to draw Binky"
249:in the avant-garde
102:Copley News Service
2017:1977 comics debuts
1759:Bender's Big Score
1743:The Simpsons Movie
1359:on January 2, 2007
683:Mistakes were made
548:, such as during "
513:as a plush toy in
357:alternative comics
264:Los Angeles Reader
185:
2112:Underground comix
2004:
2003:
1984:The ULULU Company
1961:The Simpsons Ride
1882:Te Deseo Lo Mejor
1516:Jean, Al (2004).
1087:978-1-55365-503-9
931:How to Go to Hell
856:Childhood Is Hell
633:The X types of Y:
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413:quality standards
206:Hollywood Freeway
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16:(Redirected from
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2062:Satirical comics
2057:Gag-a-day comics
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841:Box Full of Hell
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511:another episode
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2052:Humor comics
1993:
1979:Bongo Comics
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1938:The Simpsons
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1909:The Simpsons
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1901:Life in Hell
1900:
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1873:The Simpsons
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1634:Life In Hell
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1626:Life In Hell
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1607:February 10,
1605:. Retrieved
1601:the original
1596:
1587:
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1571:the original
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1545:. Retrieved
1541:the original
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1387:. Retrieved
1383:
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1357:the original
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1330:. Retrieved
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1276:Mother Jones
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1252:. Retrieved
1248:the original
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1214:the original
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1184:BBC (2000).
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884:1989 –
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854:1988 –
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811:Work Is Hell
810:
809:1986 –
796:Love Is Hell
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776:Life in Hell
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766:At the 2005
765:
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757:Life in Hell
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742:Work Is Hell
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616:'s nephews).
601:
595:The Simpsons
593:
585:
579:Bart Simpson
577:
572:Lisa Simpson
567:
562:Will and Abe
561:
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546:The Simpsons
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494:The Simpsons
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418:You can help
408:
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380:The Simpsons
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368:Life in Hell
367:
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345:Life in Hell
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112:Black comedy
97:Syndicate(s)
54:Life in Hell
53:
41:Life in Hell
26:
1922:(2000–2018)
1913:(1993–2018)
1904:(1977–2012)
1727:(2018–2023)
1282:January 14,
1254:January 14,
1220:January 14,
1054:January 14,
785:(coin-op).
701:Frank Zappa
697:Republicans
614:Donald Duck
608:characters
588:is Binky's
586:Mr. Simpson
444:Lynda Barry
331:Polly Platt
317:Lynda Barry
304:syndication
255:underground
247:comic strip
230:Jules Verne
134:comic strip
80:Launch date
35:Comic strip
2011:Categories
1577:August 10,
1021:References
645:Miniseries
527:Simpsorama
485:Xmas Story
454:Characters
430:March 2019
1948:(1987–89)
1783:(2007–09)
1700:TV series
1411:USA Today
1363:March 23,
1326:LA Weekly
1043:Salon.com
1008: – (
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768:Comic-Con
523:Mr. Burns
509:again in
497:episode "
483:episode "
422:talk page
116:gag-a-day
62:Author(s)
52:Cover of
1972:See also
1918:Futurama
1751:Futurama
1716:Futurama
1643:Archived
1483:(2001).
1417:June 20,
1210:Scr(i)pt
721:annuals.
719:Simpsons
709:hot rats
521:" where
489:pet shop
480:Futurama
463:sayings.
384:Futurama
179:created
108:Genre(s)
88:End date
1353:TV Host
202:degrees
197:Playboy
168:History
1964:(2008)
1956:(1999)
1940:shorts
1920:comics
1911:comics
1893:Comics
1885:(2021)
1877:(2021)
1866:(2023)
1858:(2022)
1850:(2022)
1842:(2022)
1834:(2021)
1826:(2021)
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1793:(2012)
1746:(2007)
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420:. The
390:Format
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269:Reader
211:Boomer
120:satire
1942:from
1930:Other
1753:films
1735:Films
1191:(DVD)
789:Books
503:Homer
474:Bongo
467:Sheba
460:Binky
335:skits
132:is a
75:Ended
1609:2007
1579:2016
1549:2007
1497:ISBN
1461:ISBN
1419:2012
1391:2009
1365:2007
1334:2008
1284:2007
1256:2007
1222:2007
1144:ISBN
1113:ISBN
1082:ISBN
1056:2007
1010:ISBN
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980:ISBN
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920:ISBN
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830:ISBN
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800:ISBN
707:and
540:and
515:Lisa
470:one.
382:and
218:punk
91:2012
83:1977
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1384:CNN
770:in
251:Wet
238:Wet
224:on
146:gay
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