195:
51:
310:, Patrick was forced to make peace with the English surrendering Berwick which was in his charge. He was ordered by the English to refortify Dunbar Castle. However, by the following year, he had returned to his natural allegiance to Scotland, fighting the English partisans wherever possible. It seems that there were no surviving children of the marriage between Agnes and the earl. Their estates were left to children of the marriage between the earl's cousin John de Dunbar of Derchester and Birkynside, and his wife, Isobel Randolph, Agnes' younger sister.
306:, his father-in-law. Agnes's family was active in Scottish resistance against the English attempts to conquer Scotland in the 14th century. Her father, Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray, was appointed regent from 1329 to 1332. Agnes's brother became joint regent in 1335, but was captured by the English shortly afterwards. In 1324, Agnes married Patrick, ninth Earl of Dunbar and March, governor of Berwick. After the Scottish loss at the
712:
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in an attempt to bypass the castle's defences. However, the
Countess simply advised Salisbury that he should "take good care of his sow, for she would soon cast her pigs within the fortress." She then ordered that a boulder, which had been heaved on them earlier, be thrown down from the battlements
211:
During the Middle Ages, it was the norm for a wife to take charge of a castle and manor business in her husband's absence and defend it if need be, but the stand of the
Countess of Dunbar is one of the best remembered instances. Salisbury's first attempt at taking the castle centred on catapulting
230:
Unable to make progress through arms, Salisbury turned to craft. He bribed the
Scotsman who guarded the principal entrance, advising him to leave the gate unlocked or to leave it in such a manner that the English could easily break in. However, the Scotsman, though he took the Englishman's money,
235:, separating him from the others. Agnes, of course, had meant to trap Salisbury, but she moved from stratagem to taunt, shouting at the earl, "Farewell, Montague, I intended that you should have supped with us, and assist us in defending the Castle against the English."
202:
On 13 January 1338, when
Patrick Dunbar was away, the English laid siege to Dunbar Castle, where the Countess was in residence with her servants and guards. However, she was determined not to surrender the fortress and is said to have declared:
242:
prisoner, he was brought to Dunbar and
Montague threatened to hang him if the Countess did not surrender the castle. However, she merely responded that his death would only benefit her, as she was his heir. She was not in line for the
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reported the stratagem to Agnes, so she was ready for the
English when they made entry. Although Salisbury was in the lead, one of his men pushed past him just at the moment when Agnes's men lowered the
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When one of the
Scottish archers struck an English soldier standing next to Salisbury, the earl cried out, "There comes one of my lady's tire pins; Agnes's love shafts go straight to the heart."
273:
After five months, Salisbury admitted defeat and lifted the siege on 10 June 1338. The triumph of a
Scotswoman over an English army was written into a ballad, in which Salisbury says:
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huge rocks and lead shot against the ramparts, but this was met with disdain by the
Countess, who had one of her ladies-in-waiting dust off the ramparts with her kerchief.
695:
286:
For centuries afterwards, Agnes
Randolph's defence of Dunbar Castle caught the attention of contemporary chroniclers and Scottish historians due to her bravery and might.
600:
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Some accounts describe her as Countess of Moray, on the assumption that she inherited the earldom when her brother John was killed at the
793:
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The failed siege of Dunbar had cost the English crown nearly 6,000 English pounds and the English had gained nothing from it.
207:
Of Scotland's King I haud my house, I pay him meat and fee, And I will keep my gude auld house, while my house will keep me.
262:
to the coast with 40 men. Appropriating some boats, Ramsay and his company approached the castle by the sea and entered the
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258:, who had earned a reputation for being a constant thorn in the English king's side, moved from
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in 1346. However, the earldom actually reverted to the crown. But in 1371/2, Agnes' nephew,
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Boece and Stewart's Buik of the Croniclis of Scotland (Rolls Ser.), ed. Turnbull, iii. 341;
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8:
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532:
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Historical Tales of the Wars of Scotland and of the Border Raids, Forays, and Conflicts
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Historical Tales of the Wars of Scotland and of the Border Raids, Forays, and Conflicts
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Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom
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next to the sea. Charging out of the castle, the Scotsmen surprised Salisbury's
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182:, which began on 13 January 1338 and ended on 10 June the same year during the
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Burton's Hist. of Scotland, ii. 324, Keith's Bishops of Scotland, p. 143;
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Scottish arms: Being a Collection of Armorial Bearings, A.D. 1370-1678
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Exchequer Rolls of Scotland, ii. 654, and pref. pp. lxiii, lxxv n.;
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97:
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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708:. Vol. 16. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 150-151.
539:. Cambridge, England: Bowes and Bowes. p. Vol. VI, p. 296.
55:
Black Agnes, as depicted in a children's history book from 1906
664:. Edinburgh, Scotland: T and A Constable. pp. 265–266.
166:, and Moray's wife, Isabel Stewart, herself a daughter of
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began to run low after several months being cut off, Sir
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Douglas and Wood's Peerage of Scotland, ii. 169, 170;
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but was the heir to his lands along with her sister.
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Scottish people of the Wars of Scottish Independence
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At one point, the English having taken her brother,
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Cam I early, cam I late, I found Agnes at the gate.
170:. Agnes became renowned for her heroic defence of
30:"Agnes Dunbar" redirects here. For her niece, see
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270:and pushed them all the way back to their camp.
680:The Dinner Party: From Creation to Preservation
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734:Ridpath's Border History (1776), p. 325;
554:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p. 9.
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468:
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410:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p. 8.
385:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p. 7.
137:Agnes Randolph, Countess of Dunbar and March
623:. London: G. Bell & sons. p. 5:359
424:
599:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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439:Ghost Trails of Edinburgh and the Borders
147:for her dark complexion, was the wife of
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224:and crushed Salisbury's sow to pieces.
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180:William Montagu, 1st Earl of Salisbury
149:Patrick, 9th Earl of Dunbar and March
731:Burke's Dormant and Extinct Peerage;
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740:information from Capt. A. H. Dunbar
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184:Second War of Scottish Independence
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794:Women in medieval European warfare
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162:, nephew and companion-in-arms of
151:. She is buried in the vault near
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710:
705:Dictionary of National Biography
318:George, Earl of Dunbar and March
240:John Randolph, 3rd Earl of Moray
178:against an English siege led by
694:Vian, Alsager Richard (1888). "
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302:, was created Earl of Moray by
784:14th-century Scottish nobility
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160:Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray
121:Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray
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799:Women in 14th-century warfare
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256:Alexander Ramsay of Dalhousie
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804:Daughters of Scottish earls
789:14th-century Scottish women
513:. Edinburgh. pp. 90–91
442:. Luton, Beds: Andrews UK.
10:
820:
769:Nobility from East Lothian
550:Pennington, Reina (2003).
406:Pennington, Reina (2003).
381:Pennington, Reina (2003).
327:Sir Patrick de Dunbar, of
323:John Dunbar, Earl of Moray
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552:Amazons to Fighter Pilots
408:Amazons to Fighter Pilots
338:, who became mistress of
296:Battle of Neville's Cross
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130:Isabel Stewart of Bonkyll
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363:(1904) vol vi, pp294-295
313:The three nephews were:
158:She was the daughter of
678:Chicago, Judy. (2007).
658:Paul, Sir James Balfour
581:. Edinburgh. p. 19
533:Paul, Sir James Balfour
482:. Edinburgh. p. 89
436:Kristen, Clive (2012).
383:Amazons to Fight Pilots
215:The English employed a
168:John Stewart of Bonkyll
143:1312 – 1369), known as
32:Agnes Dunbar (mistress)
615:Cokayne, George Edward
575:Stodart, R.R. (1881).
308:Battle of Halidon Hill
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250:When supplies for her
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199:
198:Ruins of Dunbar Castle
111:Patrick, Earl of March
334:She also had a ward,
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205:
197:
79:1369 (aged about 57)
779:Scottish countesses
682:. London: Merrell.
505:Lawson, John Parker
474:Lawson, John Parker
186:from 1331 to 1357.
27:Scottish noblewoman
764:People from Dunbar
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662:The Scots Peerage
537:The Scots Peerage
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16:(Redirected from
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646:. p. 5:360.
644:Complete Peerage
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759:1369 deaths
754:1312 births
300:John Dunbar
145:Black Agnes
748:Categories
561:0313327084
417:0313327084
392:0313327076
346:References
233:portcullis
153:Mordington
89:Mordington
642:Cokayne.
627:26 August
595:cite book
585:26 August
455:26 August
304:Robert II
260:Edinburgh
219:called a
107:Spouse(s)
660:(1906).
617:(1893).
535:(1909).
507:(1849).
476:(1849).
252:garrison
102:Randolph
70:Scotland
702:(ed.).
264:postern
245:earldom
155:House.
698:". In
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558:
517:29 May
486:29 May
446:
414:
389:
290:Family
127:Mother
117:Father
84:Buried
684:ISBN
629:2016
601:link
587:2016
556:ISBN
519:2021
488:2021
457:2016
444:ISBN
412:ISBN
387:ISBN
329:Beil
76:Died
67:1312
61:Born
221:sow
174:in
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593:{{
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