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619:
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1481:
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594:
65:
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24:
634:
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1477:(dried preserved meat). The traditional beer was ubiquitous in the southern African diet, and the fermentation added additional nutrients to the diet. It was a traditional obligation for any family to be able to offer a visitor copious amounts of beer. Beer brewing was done by women, and the status of a housewife in pre-colonial southern Africa depended significantly on her skill at brewing delicious beer.
6891:
6858:
2095:
167:
1123:
1437:
956:
1917:
886:
1425:, who some archaeologists believe had lived in the region for at least 10,000 years. Many descendants of the Khoisan people have now been incorporated into the population of South Africa. The Khoisan originally were hunter-gatherers (who came to be known as "San" by the Bantu-speakers and as "bushmen" by Europeans). After the arrival of the Bantu-speakers, however, some
1104:
among young children. The solution proposed for this problem is to increase local food production. This would be achieved by increasing agricultural productivity by improving soil fertility and water management, which will help farmers grow more crops per year. This will also help reduce poverty in the region by providing more employment opportunities for local people.
1119:
issue the people had to get creative with new dishes and creative new ways of storing food. The more we looked, the more we found that people were using all parts of the plant in some way—the leaves, stems, flowers, fruits and seeds. They also used every edible part of animals as well—from fat to bones for making broth or soup.
1418:. They arrived in the region around 2,000 years ago, bringing crop cultivation, animal husbandry, and iron toolmaking with them. Hence the Bantu-speakers grew grain crops extensively and raised cattle, sheep and goats. They also grew and continue to grow pumpkins, beans, and leafy greens as vegetables.
1508:
Milk was historically one of the most important components of the southern
African diet. Cattle were considered a man's most important possession. In order to marry, a man had to compensate his prospective in-laws with a gift of cattle as a dowry for his bride. A married man was expected to provide
1457:
People were, in other words, defined to some extent by the kinds of food they ate. The Bantu-speakers ate dishes of grain, meat, milk and vegetables, as well as fermented grain and fermented milk products. While the Khoi-Khoi ate meat and milk and the San hunted wild animals and gathered wild tubers
308:
provide accounts of
African food ways encountered on their travels through sub-Saharan Africa. Most European travelers stayed close to coastal areas until the 19th century. Many of their diaries also recorded details on foods and crops. Many staples were introduced later when Africa was colonized by
228:
African cuisine is a staple of the continent's culture, and its history is entwined with the story of the native people of Africa. The foods that native
Africans eat have been influenced by their religions, as well as by their climates and lifestyles. The first Africans to inhabit the continent were
1517:
origin enjoy drinking sour milk products that are sold in the supermarket, comparable to
American buttermilk, yogurt, and sour cream. On weekends they will have a "braai", and the meal usually consists of "pap and vleis", which is maize porridge and grilled meat as has historically been done in the
1965:
flavored with peanuts and other spices, is sold by street vendors as a snack or evening meal and is typically made with beef or chicken. It is common to have a preponderance of seafood and the seafood, as earlier stated, is sometimes also mixed with other meat products. Guinea fowl eggs, eggs and
1118:
In a study of food loss and waste in North Africa, researchers found that the region was wasting about 30% of its food, which is likely to increase as the population continues to grow. This waste occurs for a variety of reasons, including lack of refrigeration and storage facilities. to solve that
1103:
Food and nutrition security in East Africa (Rwanda, Burundi and South Sudan) is a significant issue. The region has been plagued by drought, conflict and economic instability since the 1990s. The current situation is characterized by low levels of food availability and high levels of malnutrition
1943:
in
Sahelian regions). Baobob leaf and numerous local greens were everyday staples during certain times of the year. Today the diet is much heavier in meats, salt, and fats. Many dishes combine fish and meat, including dried and fermented fish. Flaked and dried fish is often fried in oil, and
1853:
1690:
455:
The
Portuguese culinary influence is especially prominent in Angola, Sao Tomé and Equatorial Guinea. Central Africa has also been influenced by the cuisine of the regions East, West and Southern Africa because of their close proximity, e.g.
352:
growing in the
Carolina. Lowcountry was influenced by West African techniques of rice cultivation and many slaves hailed from rice growing regions of West Africa. Lowcountry cuisine is still known for its distinctive rice dishes.
1981:
trees and is usually sold in sweet (less-fermented, retaining more of the sap's sugar) or sour (fermented longer, making it stronger and less sweet) varieties. Millet beer is another common beverage (Millet beer, also known as
1780:
The staple grain or starch varies between regions and ethnic groups, although corn has gained significant ground as it is cheap, swells to greater volumes and creates a beautiful white final product that is greatly desired.
498:
stew cooked with tomato, peppers, chilies, onions, and peanut butter. Eastern central Africa is also one of the few regions in Africa that uses potatoes as one of its main bases, since potatoes grow easily in the region.
1512:
The young men of the family often took care of the cattle far away from the villages at "cattle posts," and they sent a steady stream of yogurt home on behalf of their fathers. Today, many South
Africans of
854:
is made out of teff, wheat, barley, sorghum or corn, and resembles a spongy, slightly sour pancake. When eating, diners generally share food from a large tray placed in the center of a low dining table. Many
483:
In
Central Africa, a variety of crops are grown, including yams, cassava, bananas and plantains, sweet potatoes, and cocoyams. These crops have become staples in the diet of many people in Central Africa.
490:-like starchy foods are usually made from fermented cassava roots, but they can also be made with plantain, corn maize and yam. Fufu is served buffet-style with grilled meat, fish, stews, greens and
1509:
a generous supply of milk to his wife and children, along with meat whenever he slaughtered cattle, sheep or goats. Because there was no refrigeration, most milks was soured into a kind of yogurt.
1288:
and cooked overnight in a public oven), sometimes with a slight change in ingredients and cooking style. To add on, two completely different dishes may also share the same name (for example, a
1164:. The roots of North African cuisine can be traced back to the ancient empires of North Africa, particularly in Egypt, where many of the country's dishes and culinary traditions date back to
243:
use a combination of plant-and seed-based ingredients, without having food imported. In some parts of the continent, the traditional diet features an abundance of root tuber products.
2463:
Freedman, P., Chaplin, J.E., & Albala, K. (2014). Food in Time and Place: The
American Historical Association Companion to Food History. Berkeley: University of California Press.
784:
which have influenced various local dishes. Some common ingredients used in this region include oranges, lemons, limes, chilies, capsicum peppers, maize, tomatoes, and strawberries.
1849:
were not unknown becoming part of the local flavorings. Centuries later, the Portuguese, French and British influenced the regional cuisines, but only to a limited extent.
3726:
1969:
With regard to beverages, water has a very strong ritual significance in many West African nations (particularly in dry areas) and water is often the first thing an
1473:
The influence of their diet is reflected in the universal Southern African love of barbecue (generally called in South Africa by its Afrikaans name, a "braai") and
660:
varies from area to area. In the inland savannah, the traditional cuisine of cattle-keeping peoples is distinctive meaning that meat products are generally absent.
188:
3936:
1829:
plant, were used as a spice and even reached Europe, through North African middlemen, during the Middle Ages. Centuries before the influence of Europeans,
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1667:
2931:
1521:
The basic ingredients include seafood, meat products (including wild game), poultry, as well as grains, fresh fruits and vegetables. Fruits include
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1304:-like dish). There are noticeable differences between the cooking styles of different nations, from the sophisticated, full-bodied flavors of
687:
consume the milk and blood of cattle, but rarely the meat. Elsewhere, other Africans are farmers who grow a variety of grains and vegetables.
293:
in this area. Animals such as donkeys and sheep were also domesticated starting the spread of agriculture to other parts of Africa, notably
4209:
6584:
4224:
3731:
3664:
458:
6710:
3926:
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and vegetables. In many ways, the daily food of native South African families can be traced to the indigenous foods that their native
940:, prepared from roasted barley flour, is very popular in Amhara, Agame, and Awlaelo (Tigray). Traditional Ethiopian cuisine employs no
2927:
175:
4646:
3061:
2811:
1715:
items and can contain meat, fish as well as various spices and herbs. A wide array of staples are eaten across the region, including
835:). Eritrean and Ethiopian cuisine (especially in the northern half) are very similar, given the shared history of the two countries.
1276:
Most of the North African countries have several similar dishes, sometimes almost the same dish with a different name (the Moroccan
3839:
567:
5846:
3289:
1174:
Over several centuries traders, travelers, invaders, migrants and immigrants all have influenced the cuisine of North Africa. The
582:
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763:
Several centuries later, the British and the Indians came, and both brought with them foods such as Indian spiced vegetable
101:
6914:
4155:
3888:
882:
and butter sauce and surrounded by milk or yoghurt. A small piece of dough is broken and then used to scoop up the sauce.
4135:
3647:
6282:
4397:
949:
108:
1074:. Peanuts are also sometimes added to enhance texture and flavor. After meals, homes are traditionally perfumed using
6384:
4140:
3829:
3023:
932:
made of teff flour. One does not eat with utensils, but instead uses injera to scoop up the entrées and side dishes.
213:
148:
51:
6674:
4474:
4462:
4350:
3736:
3507:
911:
The best known Ethiopian/Eritrean cuisine consists of various vegetable or meat side dishes and entrées, usually a
82:
37:
2733:
4199:
3976:
3921:
115:
2842:"Food and Nutrition Security in East Africa (Rwanda, Burundi and South Sudan): Status, Challenges and Prospects"
4733:
3579:
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86:
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continue to remain deeply entrenched in the local customs and traditions, with ingredients like native rice (
993:. Despite the variety, there remains one thing that unites the various regional cuisines: all food is served
285:, when early civilizations began cultivating grains such as barley and wheat. Part of North Africa is in the
952:
faiths. It is also very common to eat from the same dish in the center of the table with a group of people.
97:
6564:
6450:
4996:
3154:
2508:
1793:
is made from dried grated cassavas. Rice dishes are also widely eaten in the region, especially in the dry
572:
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6516:
6414:
6045:
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3657:
3487:
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4120:
3971:
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3637:
3013:
1374:-speakers, whose descendants today may identify themselves by various subgroup names such as Ndebele (
1363:
cuisine, it is important to understand the various native peoples of southern Africa. The indigenous
6574:
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are layered on this tray and topped with various spicy stews. Diners then break into the section of
6945:
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6609:
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2011:
1590:
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who raised cattle called themselves "Khoi-Khoi" and came to be known by Europeans as "Hottentots."
1037:
2712:
2684:
387:(culture that evolved via the combination of Bantu, Yemeni, Omani and Indian cultures) during the
6768:
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6332:
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6307:
6183:
6131:
6085:
5122:
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4005:
3895:
3690:
3349:
3284:
3194:
2347:
2061:
2051:
1379:
1375:
1344:) is sometimes called "rainbow cuisine", as the food in this region is a blend of many cultures:
180:
75:
2373:"Atlas of African agriculture research and development: Revealing agriculture's place in Africa"
1036:
are used to aromatize these different rice dishes. Somalis serve dinner as late as 9 pm. During
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sometimes cooked in sauce made up with hot peppers, onions, tomatoes, various spices (such as
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552:
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2706:
2678:
2348:"Ancient Egyptian Agriculture | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations"
1557:. Desserts may simply be fruit, but there are some more western-style puddings, such as
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2016:
1953:
In some areas beef and mutton are preferred, and goat meat is the dominant red meat.
1878:
1340:
The cooking of the region of Southern Africa (not to be confused with the country of
1137:
890:
792:
643:
623:
365:
290:
1001:
is not served, nothing that died on its own is eaten, and no blood is incorporated.
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2006:
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577:
425:
286:
282:
2423:
2406:
436:
was introduced following trade in the late 17th century, and the Kikongo term for
424:
Central African cuisine has also been influenced by the Portuguese, by way of the
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6634:
6614:
6506:
6379:
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3569:
3552:
3354:
3344:
3279:
3199:
3179:
3129:
3089:
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2488:
Thronton, John (1981). "Early Kongo-Portuguese Relations: A New Interpretation".
2198:
2021:
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of Southern Africa were roughly divided into two groups and several subgroups.
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971:
741:
638:
607:
523:
507:
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476:
384:
361:
246:
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from Louisiana is seen in rice dishes and green stews like the Afro-Caribbean
6939:
6796:
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1995:
1802:
1798:
1570:
1558:
1467:
1415:
1407:
1371:
1356:
1245:, which contributed and influenced the culinary culture of North Africa. The
1195:
1168:
963:
873:
733:
494:. A variety of local ingredients are used while preparing other dishes, like
349:
325:
309:
the Europeans. Foods that are now important parts of African cuisine such as
301:
265:
each have distinctive dishes, preparation techniques, and consumption modes.
618:
6874:
6811:
6619:
6126:
6121:
6015:
5794:
5334:
5247:
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5237:
5187:
4150:
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2841:
2760:"livestock farming | Definition, Methods, Breeds, & Facts | Britannica"
1894:
1826:
1723:
1610:
1501:
1480:
1429:
adopted the Bantu-speakers' raising of cattle but did not grow crops. The
1403:
1399:
1395:
1387:
1383:
1341:
1246:
1075:
254:
2886:
2734:"'A cow is as good as a man - or better.' African Initiatives in Tanzania"
2518:
2384:
1977:
is also a common beverage made from the fermented sap of various types of
1913:, mashing, and spicing. A range of sweets and savories are also prepared.
6862:
6494:
6287:
5527:
4145:
4062:
3776:
3761:
2784:
2612:
Elephant meat trade in Central Africa : Republic of Congo case study
2100:
1940:
1932:
1864:
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1830:
1806:
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684:
657:
470:
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373:
305:
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262:
250:
230:
3797:
2433:
1470:
traditionally ate roasted meat, and they also dried meat for later use.
1834:
1770:
1446:
1059:
913:
832:
797:
405:
369:
278:
2165:
863:
in front of them, tearing off pieces and dipping them into the stews.
6695:
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1978:
1974:
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1441:
1328:
1258:
1211:
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2510:
Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia: Africa and the Middle East
2266:
1936:
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1191:
1128:
1063:
1029:
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781:
753:
677:
627:
531:
527:
519:
518:, and other spices. Beef and chicken are favorite meat dishes, but
448:
333:
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6489:
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4406:
1945:
1906:
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1777:, but also from cereal grains like millet, sorghum or plantains.
1774:
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464:
393:
337:
238:
2548:. Lonely Planet travel survival kit. Lonely Planet. p. 77.
2316:
Ethnic Diversity in Eastern Africa: Opportunities and Challenges
1054:
is a popular confection served during special occasions such as
680:
and a store of wealth. They are not generally consumed as food.
320:
The influence of African food on Caribbean, Brazilian, American
297:, although most tribes still lived a simple hunter-gather diet.
166:
3503:
1970:
1910:
1902:
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A smaller group were the primeval residents of the region, the
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are both essentially the same dish, a meat stew prepared in an
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661:
515:
429:
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314:
274:
2955:. Food culture around the world. Greenwood Press. p. 59.
2814:
1852:
1825:
also called grains of paradise or melegueta pepper), a native
233:
became more common in Africa, so did agriculture-based diets.
6801:
6223:
1961:
1931:
Cooking techniques of West Africa are changing. In the past
1924:
1873:
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665:
646:, is presented with a scoop of fresh yoghurt and topped with
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399:
391:. Swahili culinary influences can be found in dishes such as
345:
310:
6857:
2203:. American School Food Service Association. 1977. p. 36
2094:
1292:
dish is a slow-cooked stew in Morocco, whereas the Tunisian
955:
736:. Middle Eastern influences are especially reflected in the
229:
hunter-gatherers who ate what they could find in nature. As
6835:
6806:
6479:
4375:
2123:
1955:
1916:
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belt inland. Examples of these include the Senegalese dish
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and encompasses within its fold several nations, including
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celebrations or wedding receptions. It is made from sugar,
941:
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885:
838:
Eritrean and Ethiopian food habits vary regionally. In the
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771:
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cuisine of the coast—steamed or cooked rice with spices in
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699:
673:
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511:
486:
377:
341:
2475:
L'esclavage intégré en Afrique (fin du xviiie-xixe siècle)
1689:
6828:
2472:
1986:
beer, is an alcoholic beverage made from malted millet.)
1613:. There are also several types of traditional and modern
1449:) made with meat and vegetables and cooked over coals in
1285:
2891:
The North African Journal of Food and Nutrition Research
2569:
2405:
Cherniwchan, Jevan; Moreno-Cruz, Juan (1 January 2019).
981:
varies from region to region and consists of an exotic
506:. Groundnut (peanut) stew is also prepared, containing
344:, introduced from Africa, is used in classic Louisiana
2404:
872:, a porridge-like dish made from wheat flour dough. A
787:
In the Horn of Africa, the main traditional dishes in
2646:
Elephant Meat Trade in Central Africa: Summary Report
2473:
Coquery-Vidrovitch, Catherine; Mésnard, Éric (2013).
2220:
2218:
985:
of diverse culinary influences. It is the product of
948:
of any kind, as they are forbidden in the Jewish and
2670:
2076:
2984:"The Oxford Companion to Beer Definition of millet"
2887:"Research on food losses and waste in North Africa"
2698:
2603:
876:is used to scoop out the top, which is filled with
383:This region has received culinary influence of the
89:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2215:
2193:
2191:
1214:were introduced before the arrival of the Romans.
2932:National Association for the Specialty Food Trade
2708:Exploration and Hunting in Central Africa 1895-96
2636:
2227:Neo-Africanism: The New Ideology for a New Africa
1889:, brown beans, and root vegetables such as yams,
697:, the local version of West and Central Africa's
6937:
2312:
1950:), and water to prepare a highly flavored stew.
846:is the staple diet and is eaten daily among the
2188:
2150:"African cuisines: Recipes for nationbuilding?"
1809:, a pan-West African rice dish similar to Arab
707:is a starch dish eaten with meats or stews. In
289:where settled agriculture was practiced by the
277:cuisine goes back to thousands of years to the
3015:Stirring the Pot: A History of African Cuisine
2807:
2805:
1757:, which are served alongside soups and stews.
1490:, a traditional non-alcoholic drink made from
1445:is a traditional African stew (popularised by
1016:, usually serve as the main dish. Spices like
4391:
3488:
3055:
2575:
2513:. Vol. 1 (1 ed.). © ABC-Clio Inc.
1923:, rings of fried peanut butter as served in
1573:. Meat products include lamb, and game like
2948:
2840:Lokuruka, Michael N. I. (9 December 2020).
2802:
2579:Crocodiles: Biology, Husbandry and Diseases
502:Cassava plants are also consumed as cooked
52:Learn how and when to remove these messages
4398:
4384:
3495:
3481:
3062:
3048:
2680:Trading Life in Western and Central Africa
2319:. Twaweza Communications. pp. 78–79.
2230:. Trafford Publishing. 2008. p. 505.
1897:, and cassava. Cooking techniques include
903:(pancake-like bread) and several kinds of
2902:
2884:
2432:
2422:
2313:Njogu, K.; Ngeta, K.; Wanjau, M. (2010).
1935:ate much less meat and used native oils (
1859:is a popular dish throughout West Africa.
721:provide the starch filler of many meals.
606:, though it is more typically eaten with
214:Learn how and when to remove this message
149:Learn how and when to remove this message
2839:
2676:
2487:
1915:
1851:
1688:
1479:
1435:
1327:
1121:
954:
884:
632:
617:
592:
317:were not common until the 19th century.
191:of all important aspects of the article.
3018:. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press.
2704:
558:Cuisine of the Central African Republic
6938:
3011:
2642:
2541:
2506:
2147:
997:. There are therefore no pork dishes,
187:Please consider expanding the lead to
6585:Historical North Indian and Pakistani
4379:
3476:
3043:
2545:Central Africa: a travel survival kit
1312:and the humbler, simpler cuisines of
1044:prayers, sometimes as late as 11 pm.
602:is pictured here with a side dish of
6890:
622:Barbecued beef cubes and seafood in
160:
87:adding citations to reliable sources
58:
17:
6910:
3502:
3069:
2925:
2154:Journal of African Cultural Studies
1370:The largest group consisted of the
13:
3005:
2952:Food Culture in Sub-Saharan Africa
1500:that is popular among many of the
1323:
1217:From the 7th century onwards, the
866:In the lowlands, the main dish is
14:
6972:
4141:Confederation of African Football
2885:El Bilali, Hamid (4 April 2018).
2711:. Methuen & Company. p.
1863:The local cuisine and recipes of
1699:or groundnut stew, prepared by a
1624:
356:
33:This article has multiple issues.
6919:
6909:
6899:
6889:
6880:
6879:
6868:
6856:
3457:
3456:
3140:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2411:Journal of Development Economics
2093:
2079:
583:Cuisine of SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
165:
63:
22:
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2976:
2942:
2919:
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2500:
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2457:
1959:, a popular grilled spicy meat
1107:
1090:), which is prepared inside an
1040:, dinner is often served after
1012:(rice), the most popular being
991:tradition of trade and commerce
179:may be too short to adequately
74:needs additional citations for
41:or discuss these issues on the
6575:Historical Indian subcontinent
2683:. "Porcupine" Office. p.
2407:"Maize and precolonial Africa"
2398:
2365:
2340:
2306:
2281:
2251:
2148:Cusack, Igor (December 2000).
2141:
1989:
1678:
1636:
1617:including many European-style
1132:with vegetables and chickpeas.
756:and several other spices; and
588:
538:are also served occasionally.
189:provide an accessible overview
1:
6956:Food- and drink-related lists
2424:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2018.10.008
2134:
1973:host will offer their guest.
1789:are maize dough staples, and
1565:, which was inspired by both
1005:or lunch is often elaborate.
380:and the savannah of Katanga.
4405:
3369:Ethnic and regional cuisines
2928:"The Dishes of North Africa"
1966:chicken are also preferred.
1136:North Africa lies along the
950:Ethiopian Orthodox Christian
573:Cuisine of Equatorial Guinea
541:
7:
6759:List of historical cuisines
6595:History of alcoholic drinks
4612:Lowcountry (South Carolina)
3869:International organisations
2830:, (AuthorHouse: 2007), p.79
2576:Huchzermeyer, F.W. (2003).
2072:
1761:is often made from starchy
1359:. To understand indigenous
1178:of the 1st century brought
683:In some areas, traditional
676:were regarded as a form of
236:Traditionally, the various
10:
6977:
6046:Trinidadian and Tobagonian
4121:Africa Cricket Association
3927:Countries by GDP (nominal)
2812:"Eritrean Food Practices."
2200:School Foodservice Journal
1682:
1111:
468:is shared with the south,
268:
6851:
6779:
6746:
6683:
6515:
6428:
6109:
4562:
4413:
4337:
4244:
4173:
4136:Australian-rules football
4111:
4053:
4044:
3996:
3989:
3917:
3908:
3805:
3796:
3727:Countries and territories
3722:
3713:
3673:
3630:
3523:
3514:
3452:
3431:
3368:
3077:
3012:McCann, James C. (2009).
2904:10.51745/najfnr.2.3.51-58
2507:Albala, Ken, ed. (2011).
732:merchants settled on the
389:trans-Saharan slave trade
368:in the north to the vast
6665:Scottish royal household
6610:History of vegetarianism
4848:Central African Republic
3439:List of African cuisines
3125:Central African Republic
2988:Craft Beer & Brewing
2949:Osseo-Asare, F. (2005).
2854:10.5772/intechopen.95037
2705:Gibbons, A.S.H. (1898).
2012:Cuisine of Guinea-Bissau
1818:Seeds of Guinea pepper (
1221:introduced a variety of
522:preparations containing
4183:Countries by population
3896:United States of Africa
2846:Food Security in Africa
2062:Cuisine of Sierra Leone
2052:Cuisine of Saint Helena
1585:. The seafood includes
1308:to the fiery dishes of
1306:Moroccan palace cookery
1257:products, and from the
970:, is a festive dish in
724:Around 1000 years ago,
691:(corn) is the basis of
6590:History of agriculture
3932:Countries by GDP (PPP)
3874:Pan-African Parliament
3665:Science and technology
3444:List of African dishes
2114:List of African dishes
1928:
1860:
1833:were trading with the
1704:
1505:
1484:A carton and glass of
1454:
1337:
1198:adapted semolina into
1133:
975:
908:
653:
630:
615:
446:, comes from the term
6560:Early modern European
6288:Indigenous Australian
5847:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
4734:Bosnian-Herzegovinian
3585:European colonisation
3548:Pre-colonial kingdoms
3290:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
3275:Republic of the Congo
2934:, Inc. Archived from
2817:. Accessed July 2011.
2677:Whitford, J. (1877).
2582:. CABI. p. 130.
2519:10.5040/9781474208642
2385:10.2499/9780896298460
2289:"Food Alive and Well"
2119:Cuisine of Seychelles
1919:
1855:
1692:
1663:South African cuisine
1563:sticky toffee pudding
1483:
1439:
1334:South African cuisine
1331:
1125:
1114:North African cuisine
958:
888:
807:(flatbread made from
636:
621:
596:
6961:Cuisine by continent
6723:Molecular gastronomy
6655:Pre-contact Hawaiian
6565:Historical Argentine
6451:Mangalorean Catholic
4632:Pacific Northwestern
4156:Stadiums by capacity
4103:World Heritage Sites
3580:European exploration
3165:Eswatini (Swaziland)
2649:. IUCN. p. 25.
2615:. Iucn. p. 36.
2269:on 20 September 2020
1685:West African cuisine
1190:and its by-product,
801:(stews) served with
273:The roots of native
83:improve this article
6580:Historical Japanese
6415:Transylvanian Saxon
6283:Indigenous American
3840:Freedom of religion
3825:Heads of government
3617:Scramble for Africa
2938:on 21 October 2007.
2643:Stiles, D. (2011).
2542:Newton, A. (1994).
2037:Mauritanian cuisine
1877:, millet, sorghum,
1821:Aframomum melegueta
1648:Cuisine of Eswatini
1615:alcoholic beverages
1462:ancestors ate. The
1273:and chili peppers.
1261:, North Africa got
553:Cameroonian cuisine
376:, the highlands of
6660:Korean royal court
6605:History of seafood
6570:Historical Chinese
6545:Antebellum America
6385:Pennsylvania Dutch
4997:Equatorial Guinean
4967:Dominican Republic
3565:Indian Ocean trade
2764:www.britannica.com
2057:Senegalese cuisine
1929:
1879:Bambara groundnuts
1861:
1733:(originating from
1711:meal is made with
1705:
1673:Mozambican cuisine
1653:Cuisine of Lesotho
1506:
1455:
1338:
1202:, one of the main
1134:
976:
909:
654:
631:
616:
480:with West Africa.
474:with the east and
322:Lowcountry cuisine
6951:Culture of Africa
6933:
6932:
6675:Thirteen Colonies
6535:Ancient Israelite
5735:Papua New Guinean
4533:Intercontinental
4373:
4372:
4240:
4239:
4169:
4168:
3985:
3984:
3962:Natural resources
3904:
3903:
3850:Linguistic rights
3792:
3791:
3709:
3708:
3470:
3469:
3155:Equatorial Guinea
3078:National cuisines
2962:978-0-313-32488-8
2863:978-1-78985-734-4
2656:978-2-8317-1393-9
2622:978-2-8317-1419-6
2589:978-0-85199-798-8
2555:978-0-86442-138-8
2528:978-1-4742-0864-2
2490:History in Africa
2477:. Cahiers Libres.
2326:978-9966-7244-8-9
2237:978-1-4251-7678-5
2166:10.1080/713674313
2017:Cuisine of Guinea
2001:Burkinabé cuisine
1939:on the coast and
1561:, reminiscent of
1280:and the Tunisian
1138:Mediterranean Sea
1094:referred to as a
823:(paste made from
793:Ethiopian cuisine
780:and a variety of
644:Ethiopian cuisine
624:Forodhani Gardens
568:Congolese cuisine
366:Tibesti Mountains
364:expands from the
291:Ancient Egyptians
224:
223:
216:
206:
205:
159:
158:
151:
133:
98:"African cuisine"
56:
6968:
6923:
6922:
6913:
6912:
6903:
6893:
6892:
6883:
6882:
6875:Drink portal
6873:
6872:
6871:
6861:
6860:
6841:Meal preparation
6754:List of cuisines
6600:History of bread
6525:Ancient Egyptian
6502:Ritual slaughter
6360:Louisiana Creole
6298:Italian American
6117:African American
5106:Greek Macedonian
4400:
4393:
4386:
4377:
4376:
4353:
4346:
4131:Afro-Asian Games
4051:
4050:
3994:
3993:
3972:Renewable energy
3937:Countries by HDI
3915:
3914:
3803:
3802:
3720:
3719:
3521:
3520:
3497:
3490:
3483:
3474:
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3057:
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3034:
3032:
2999:
2998:
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2994:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2926:Wolfert, Paula.
2923:
2917:
2916:
2906:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2837:
2831:
2824:
2818:
2809:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2756:
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2749:
2747:
2745:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2721:
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2702:
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2691:
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2455:
2454:
2436:
2426:
2402:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2377:ebrary.ifpri.org
2369:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2265:. Archived from
2263:African Fest USA
2255:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2222:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2195:
2186:
2185:
2145:
2103:
2098:
2097:
2089:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2067:Togolese cuisine
2047:Cuisine of Niger
2042:Nigerian cuisine
2027:Liberian cuisine
2007:Ghanaian cuisine
1883:Hausa groundnuts
1869:Oryza glaberrima
1837:and spices like
1668:Zimbabwe cuisine
1658:Namibian cuisine
1643:Botswana cuisine
1310:Tunisian cuisine
895:Eritrean cuisine
789:Eritrean cuisine
711:, steamed green
642:, a mainstay in
578:Gabonese cuisine
340:. The vegetable
287:Fertile Crescent
283:Northeast Africa
219:
212:
201:
198:
192:
169:
161:
154:
147:
143:
140:
134:
132:
91:
67:
59:
48:
26:
25:
18:
6976:
6975:
6971:
6970:
6969:
6967:
6966:
6965:
6946:African cuisine
6936:
6935:
6934:
6929:
6869:
6867:
6863:Food portal
6855:
6847:
6775:
6742:
6679:
6511:
6424:
6132:Arab-Indonesian
6105:
6086:Western Saharan
5558:Liechtensteiner
5123:Guinea-Bissauan
4759:Channel Islands
4647:Southwestern US
4567:
4558:
4409:
4404:
4374:
4369:
4356:
4349:
4342:
4333:
4236:
4232:Youth in Africa
4210:Life expectancy
4165:
4107:
4083:Africanfuturism
4040:
3981:
3977:Stock exchanges
3900:
3788:
3747:Natural history
3705:
3669:
3626:
3575:Muslim conquest
3570:Bantu expansion
3510:
3501:
3471:
3466:
3448:
3427:
3364:
3073:
3071:African cuisine
3068:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3008:
3006:Further reading
3003:
3002:
2992:
2990:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2947:
2943:
2924:
2920:
2883:
2879:
2864:
2838:
2834:
2825:
2821:
2815:Webcitation.org
2810:
2803:
2793:
2791:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2768:
2766:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2743:
2741:
2740:. 7 August 2017
2732:
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2727:
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2703:
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2675:
2671:
2661:
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2609:
2608:
2604:
2594:
2592:
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2574:
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2560:
2558:
2556:
2540:
2536:
2529:
2505:
2501:
2486:
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2471:
2467:
2462:
2458:
2403:
2399:
2389:
2387:
2371:
2370:
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2356:
2354:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2311:
2307:
2297:
2295:
2293:Carifika Canada
2287:
2286:
2282:
2272:
2270:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2224:
2223:
2216:
2206:
2204:
2197:
2196:
2189:
2146:
2142:
2137:
2099:
2092:
2085:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2022:Ivorian cuisine
1992:
1887:black-eyed peas
1763:root vegetables
1687:
1681:
1639:
1631:Inyama yenhloko
1627:
1567:British cuisine
1326:
1324:Southern Africa
1116:
1110:
656:The cuisine of
591:
563:Chadian cuisine
548:Angolan cuisine
544:
452:(ba-cal-ha-u).
359:
300:Arab explorers
271:
259:Southern Africa
220:
209:
208:
207:
202:
196:
193:
186:
174:This article's
170:
155:
144:
138:
135:
92:
90:
80:
68:
27:
23:
12:
11:
5:
6974:
6964:
6963:
6958:
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6907:
6897:
6887:
6877:
6865:
6852:
6849:
6848:
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6845:
6844:
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6833:
6832:
6831:
6821:
6820:
6819:
6814:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6783:
6781:
6777:
6776:
6774:
6773:
6772:
6771:
6764:Lists of foods
6761:
6756:
6750:
6748:
6744:
6743:
6741:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6720:
6715:
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6708:
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6662:
6657:
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6642:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
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6532:
6527:
6521:
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6513:
6512:
6510:
6509:
6504:
6499:
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6482:
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6476:
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6459:
6458:
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6423:
6422:
6417:
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6407:
6402:
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6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6347:
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6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6279:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6248:
6243:
6241:Greek-American
6238:
6233:
6228:
6227:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
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6156:
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6136:
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6119:
6113:
6111:
6107:
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6098:
6093:
6088:
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6078:
6073:
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6053:
6048:
6043:
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5960:
5959:
5954:
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5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5872:Sierra Leonean
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5823:
5822:
5817:
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5807:
5802:
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5792:
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5782:
5777:
5767:
5762:
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5280:
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5265:
5260:
5255:
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5145:
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5120:
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5108:
5103:
5098:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5062:
5061:
5056:
5054:French Guianan
5051:
5046:
5036:
5031:
5030:
5029:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
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4979:
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4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4792:
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4786:
4781:
4776:
4774:Northern Irish
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
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4609:
4604:
4599:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4573:
4571:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4556:
4555:
4554:
4552:Middle Eastern
4549:
4544:
4542:Latin American
4539:
4531:
4526:
4525:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4499:
4498:
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4380:
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4197:
4192:
4191:
4190:
4179:
4177:
4171:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4163:
4161:Tour d'Afrique
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4117:
4115:
4109:
4108:
4106:
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4065:
4060:
4054:
4048:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4016:Climate change
4013:
4008:
4003:
3997:
3991:
3987:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3952:Infrastructure
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3918:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3899:
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3892:
3891:
3881:
3879:Pan-Africanism
3876:
3871:
3866:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3855:Women's rights
3852:
3847:
3842:
3832:
3830:Heads of state
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3806:
3800:
3794:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3781:
3780:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3737:Impact craters
3734:
3732:Highest points
3729:
3723:
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3711:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3704:
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3698:
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3683:
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3660:
3650:
3648:Historiography
3645:
3640:
3634:
3632:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3622:Decolonisation
3619:
3614:
3613:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3587:
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3577:
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3415:
3410:
3405:
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3403:
3398:
3393:
3383:
3378:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3350:Western Sahara
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
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3267:
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3257:
3252:
3247:
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3117:
3112:
3107:
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3097:
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3075:
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3059:
3052:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3024:
3007:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2975:
2961:
2941:
2918:
2877:
2862:
2848:. IntechOpen.
2832:
2828:Somali Cuisine
2819:
2801:
2776:
2751:
2725:
2697:
2669:
2655:
2635:
2621:
2602:
2588:
2568:
2554:
2534:
2527:
2499:
2480:
2465:
2456:
2397:
2364:
2339:
2325:
2305:
2280:
2250:
2236:
2214:
2187:
2160:(2): 207–225.
2139:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2109:AfroFoodtv.com
2105:
2104:
2090:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2032:Malian cuisine
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
2003:, Burkina Faso
1998:
1991:
1988:
1895:sweet potatoes
1801:also known as
1683:Main article:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1626:
1625:Notable dishes
1623:
1325:
1322:
1249:brought sweet
1112:Main article:
1109:
1106:
1092:incense burner
979:Somali cuisine
972:Somali cuisine
921:, served atop
639:Kitcha fit-fit
608:collard greens
590:
587:
586:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
543:
540:
362:Central Africa
358:
357:Central Africa
355:
270:
267:
247:Central Africa
222:
221:
204:
203:
183:the key points
173:
171:
164:
157:
156:
71:
69:
62:
57:
31:
30:
28:
21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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6853:
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6825:
6822:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6809:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6797:Culinary arts
6795:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6785:
6784:
6782:
6778:
6770:
6767:
6766:
6765:
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6608:
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6603:
6601:
6598:
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6578:
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6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6540:Ancient Roman
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6530:Ancient Greek
6528:
6526:
6523:
6522:
6520:
6518:
6514:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6496:
6493:
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6474:
6471:
6470:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6446:Goan Catholic
6444:
6443:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6433:
6431:
6427:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
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6301:
6299:
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6277:
6274:
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6264:
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6259:
6257:
6254:
6253:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6231:Crimean Tatar
6229:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
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6200:
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6049:
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6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
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6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6010:
6007:
6006:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
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5958:
5955:
5953:
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5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5904:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5897:South African
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5852:Saudi Arabian
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5772:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
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5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5590:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5568:Luxembourgish
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5498:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5475:
5472:
5471:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5399:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5302:
5301:
5298:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5288:Uttar Pradesh
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5223:Maharashtrian
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5183:Chhattisgarhi
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5155:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5093:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5041:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5028:
5025:
5024:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4977:East Timorese
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4942:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4865:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4833:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4617:Midwestern US
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4570:
4565:
4561:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4547:Mediterranean
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4503:
4500:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4472:
4471:
4468:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4445:
4444:
4441:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4422:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4412:
4408:
4401:
4396:
4394:
4389:
4387:
4382:
4381:
4378:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4352:
4348:
4345:
4341:
4340:
4336:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4247:
4243:
4233:
4230:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4200:Ethnic groups
4198:
4196:
4193:
4189:
4186:
4185:
4184:
4181:
4180:
4178:
4176:
4172:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4126:African Games
4124:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4114:
4110:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4055:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4043:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4011:Caste systems
4009:
4007:
4006:Birth control
4004:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3995:
3992:
3988:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
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3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3922:Central banks
3920:
3919:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3907:
3897:
3894:
3890:
3887:
3886:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3853:
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3848:
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3837:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3810:African Union
3808:
3807:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3785:
3782:
3778:
3775:
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3770:
3768:
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3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
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3721:
3718:
3716:
3712:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3672:
3666:
3663:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3629:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3611:
3610:Trans-Saharan
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3559:
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3549:
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3537:
3534:
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3519:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3498:
3493:
3491:
3486:
3484:
3479:
3478:
3475:
3463:
3455:
3454:
3451:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3430:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3413:Mediterranean
3411:
3409:
3406:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
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3373:
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3358:
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3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
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3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
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3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
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3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
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3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
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3251:
3248:
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3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
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3228:
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3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3195:Guinea-Bissau
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
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3141:
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3072:
3065:
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3025:9780896802728
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2738:The Big Issue
2735:
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2087:Africa portal
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2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
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2002:
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1996:Benin cuisine
1994:
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1980:
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1972:
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1948:
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1933:West Africans
1926:
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1831:West Africans
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1799:thieboudienne
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1571:Dutch cuisine
1568:
1564:
1560:
1559:malva pudding
1556:
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1247:Ottoman Turks
1244:
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1228:
1224:
1220:
1215:
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1209:
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1189:
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1184:Carthaginians
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1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1008:Varieties of
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1004:
1000:
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747:
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734:Swahili Coast
731:
727:
722:
720:
719:
714:
710:
706:
702:
701:
696:
695:
690:
686:
685:East Africans
681:
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667:
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659:
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629:
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401:
396:
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386:
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375:
372:basin of the
371:
367:
363:
354:
351:
350:American rice
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
326:Cajun cuisine
323:
318:
316:
312:
307:
303:
302:Leo Africanus
298:
296:
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72:This article
70:
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6728:Note by Note
6706:New American
6395:Pontic Greek
6276:South Indian
6271:North Indian
5942:Extremaduran
5832:Saint Lucian
5506:South Korean
5501:North Korean
5365:Palembangese
5293:Uttarakhandi
4779:Saint Helena
4769:Gibraltarian
4637:Puerto Rican
4420:
4215:Urbanization
4175:Demographics
4151:Rugby Africa
4072:
4058:Architecture
3942:Billionaires
3835:Human rights
3605:Indian Ocean
3536:North Africa
3418:West African
3315:South Africa
3305:Sierra Leone
3285:Saint Helena
3105:Burkina Faso
3070:
3029:. Retrieved
3014:
2991:. Retrieved
2987:
2978:
2966:. Retrieved
2951:
2944:
2936:the original
2921:
2897:(3): 51–58.
2894:
2890:
2880:
2845:
2835:
2827:
2826:Barlin Ali,
2822:
2792:. Retrieved
2788:
2779:
2767:. Retrieved
2763:
2754:
2742:. Retrieved
2737:
2728:
2716:. Retrieved
2707:
2700:
2688:. Retrieved
2679:
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2660:. Retrieved
2645:
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2611:
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2593:. Retrieved
2578:
2571:
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2544:
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2489:
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2474:
2468:
2459:
2434:10419/180280
2414:
2410:
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2388:. Retrieved
2376:
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2355:. Retrieved
2351:
2342:
2330:. Retrieved
2315:
2308:
2296:. Retrieved
2292:
2283:
2271:. Retrieved
2267:the original
2262:
2253:
2241:. Retrieved
2226:
2205:. Retrieved
2199:
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1968:
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1920:
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1706:
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1520:
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1507:
1502:Nguni people
1485:
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1342:South Africa
1339:
1332:Traditional
1293:
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1216:
1204:staple foods
1182:, while the
1173:
1135:
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176:lead section
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119:
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81:Please help
76:verification
73:
49:
42:
36:
35:Please help
32:
15:
6915:WikiProject
6495:Kosher food
5877:Singaporean
5867:Seychellois
5842:Sammarinese
5725:Palestinian
5685:New Zealand
5655:Montenegrin
5625:Mauritanian
5620:Marshallese
5432:Piedmontese
5360:Minangkabau
5330:Gorontalese
5111:Heptanesean
5027:Kapampangan
4950:Greenlandic
4826:Cameroonian
4694:Bangladeshi
4684:Azerbaijani
4642:Southern US
4627:New Mexican
4622:New English
4597:Californian
4414:Continental
4225:urban areas
4146:FIBA Africa
3845:LGBT rights
3543:Archaeology
3320:South Sudan
3200:Ivory Coast
2744:30 November
2718:30 November
2690:30 November
2662:30 November
2628:30 November
2595:30 November
2561:30 November
2417:: 137–150.
2352:www.fao.org
2332:30 November
2243:30 November
2207:30 November
2101:Food portal
1941:shea butter
1865:West Africa
1857:Jollof rice
1807:Jollof rice
1679:West Africa
1351:societies,
1296:is a baked
1186:introduced
1176:Phoenicians
1050:(halwo) or
966:version of
917:, or thick
758:pomegranate
658:East Africa
612:sukuma wiki
589:East Africa
471:nyama choma
374:Congo River
306:Ibn Battuta
295:West Africa
263:West Africa
251:East Africa
231:agriculture
6940:Categories
6738:Vegetarian
6517:Historical
6261:Indonesian
6209:Indonesian
6179:Australian
6101:Zimbabwean
6081:Vietnamese
6076:Venezuelan
5964:Sri Lankan
5932:Cantabrian
5907:Andalusian
5857:Senegalese
5837:Salvadoran
5785:Circassian
5755:Portuguese
5740:Paraguayan
5730:Panamanian
5690:Nicaraguan
5665:Mozambican
5645:Monégasque
5598:Sarawakian
5573:Macedonian
5563:Lithuanian
5427:Neapolitan
5300:Indonesian
5258:Rajasthani
5233:Meghalayan
5208:Jharkhandi
5163:Arunachali
5118:Guatemalan
5049:La RĂ©union
4982:Ecuadorian
4957:Djiboutian
4704:Belarusian
4674:Australian
4602:Floribbean
4195:Emigration
4098:Philosophy
4078:Literature
3524:Chronology
3300:Seychelles
3255:Mozambique
3240:Mauritania
3225:Madagascar
3120:Cape Verde
3031:30 October
2993:11 October
2135:References
1921:Klouikloui
1835:Arab world
1707:A typical
1701:Senegalese
1447:Afrikaners
1346:indigenous
1253:and other
1060:cornstarch
925:, a large
833:fava beans
432:Kingdoms.
406:kachumbari
370:rainforest
279:Bronze Age
109:newspapers
38:improve it
6817:sociology
6696:Fast food
6691:Classique
6555:Byzantine
6456:Mennonite
6441:Christian
6429:Religious
6390:Peranakan
6338:Sephardic
6323:Ethiopian
6313:Ashkenazi
6266:Malaysian
6219:Pakistani
6214:Malaysian
6189:Cambodian
6139:Aromanian
6071:Vanuatuan
6061:Uruguayan
6056:Ukrainian
6009:Zanzibari
6004:Tanzanian
5994:Taiwanese
5957:Valencian
5952:Manchegan
5887:Slovenian
5800:Mordovian
5720:Pakistani
5710:Norwegian
5650:Mongolian
5630:Mauritian
5605:Maldivian
5588:Malaysian
5481:Jordanian
5442:Sardinian
5402:Abruzzese
5370:Sundanese
5355:Minahasan
5278:Telangana
5263:Sikkimese
5213:Karnataka
5148:Icelandic
5143:Hungarian
5012:Ethiopian
4962:Dominican
4915:Congolese
4910:Colombian
4878:Hong Kong
4873:Cantonese
4841:Québécois
4821:Cambodian
4816:Burundian
4806:Burkinabé
4801:Bulgarian
4754:Anguillia
4744:Brazilian
4724:Bhutanese
4699:Barbadian
4664:Argentine
4485:Levantine
4475:Caucasian
4448:Caribbean
4031:Languages
4021:Etiquette
3947:Education
3820:Democracy
3815:Elections
3715:Geography
3674:By region
3658:conflicts
3531:Antiquity
3391:Ethiopian
3245:Mauritius
2968:13 August
2913:2588-1582
2872:230576924
2451:158678745
2443:0304-3878
2182:145320645
2174:1369-6815
1990:Countries
1975:Palm wine
1871:), rice,
1637:Countries
1492:fermented
1451:cast-iron
1442:Potjiekos
1259:New World
1212:olive oil
1169:antiquity
946:shellfish
930:flatbread
927:sourdough
891:Ethiopian
840:highlands
827:, mainly
777:chapattis
542:Countries
524:crocodile
520:game meat
438:salt fish
434:Salt fish
418:kuku paka
241:of Africa
181:summarize
44:talk page
6905:Cookbook
6885:Category
6787:Cookbook
6769:Prepared
6733:Nouvelle
6711:Eurasian
6640:Medieval
6436:Buddhist
6370:Ossetian
6355:Livonian
6333:Moroccan
6318:Bukharan
6308:American
6246:Hazaragi
6224:Peruvian
6199:Filipino
6194:Canadian
6174:American
6144:Assyrian
6041:Tuvaluan
6026:Tunisian
6021:Togolese
5969:Sudanese
5947:Galician
5927:Canarian
5917:Balearic
5912:Asturian
5765:Romanian
5745:Peruvian
5700:Nigerian
5680:Nepalese
5670:Namibian
5660:Moroccan
5640:Moldovan
5583:Malawian
5578:Malagasy
5548:Liberian
5538:Lebanese
5474:Okinawan
5469:Japanese
5464:Jamaican
5452:Venetian
5447:Sicilian
5422:Lucanian
5412:Ligurian
5350:Makassar
5345:Madurese
5340:Javanese
5310:Balinese
5305:Acehnese
5228:Manipuri
5203:Kashmiri
5198:Haryanvi
5193:Gujarati
5168:Assamese
5138:Honduran
5101:Epirotic
5086:Ghanaian
5076:Georgian
5066:Gabonese
5044:Corsican
5022:Filipino
5007:Estonian
5002:Eritrean
4987:Egyptian
4920:Croatian
4903:Xinjiang
4888:Shandong
4883:Macanese
4831:Canadian
4796:Bruneian
4784:Scottish
4739:Botswana
4729:Bolivian
4719:Beninese
4714:Belizean
4689:Bahraini
4679:Austrian
4669:Armenian
4607:Hawaiian
4592:American
4587:Algerian
4582:Albanian
4569:regional
4564:National
4529:Oceanian
4502:European
4443:Americas
4407:Cuisines
4360:Category
4205:HIV/AIDS
4036:Religion
4001:Abortion
3957:Internet
3884:Politics
3860:feminism
3798:Politics
3653:Military
3631:By topic
3595:Atlantic
3558:Sahelian
3508:articles
3462:Category
3423:Zanzibar
3408:Maghrebi
3401:Sephardi
3360:Zimbabwe
3330:Tanzania
3170:Ethiopia
3145:Djibouti
3115:Cameroon
3100:Botswana
2785:"Africa"
2496:(I): 22.
2390:27 April
2073:See also
1947:soumbala
1937:palm oil
1899:roasting
1891:cocoyams
1839:cinnamon
1803:benachin
1771:cocoyams
1765:such as
1744:couscous
1607:mackerel
1587:crayfish
1555:apricots
1518:region.
1380:southern
1376:northern
1365:Africans
1353:European
1298:omelette
1271:zucchini
1267:tomatoes
1263:potatoes
1251:pastries
1235:cinnamon
1200:couscous
1192:semolina
1180:sausages
1129:couscous
1066:powder,
1064:cardamom
1030:cinnamon
1022:cardamom
989:'s rich
889:Typical
848:Tigrinya
754:cinnamon
678:currency
652:(spice).
628:Zanzibar
532:antelope
528:elephant
449:bacalhau
443:makayabu
385:Swahilis
338:callaloo
334:duckanoo
315:potatoes
239:cuisines
139:May 2021
6925:Outline
6895:Commons
6812:history
6792:Cooking
6780:Related
6650:Peasant
6645:Ottoman
6615:Hittite
6490:Kashrut
6473:Chinese
6468:Islamic
6380:Pashtun
6350:Kurdish
6328:Mizrahi
6256:English
6184:British
6169:Chinese
6149:Balochi
6096:Zambian
6051:Ugandan
6036:Turkmen
6031:Turkish
5979:Swedish
5937:Catalan
5902:Spanish
5862:Serbian
5827:Rwandan
5790:Cossack
5780:Chechen
5775:Bashkir
5770:Russian
5675:Nauruan
5635:Mexican
5615:Maltese
5593:Sabahan
5543:Lesotho
5533:Latvian
5518:Kuwaiti
5513:Kosovan
5459:Ivorian
5417:Lombard
5407:Apulian
5397:Italian
5392:Israeli
5377:Iranian
5283:Tripuri
5253:Punjabi
5173:Bengali
5133:Haitian
5128:Guinean
5071:Gambian
5059:Occitan
5034:Finnish
4992:Emirati
4945:Faroese
4930:Cypriot
4898:Tibetan
4893:Sichuan
4868:Beijing
4863:Chinese
4858:Chilean
4853:Chadian
4836:Acadian
4811:Burmese
4764:English
4749:British
4709:Belgian
4659:Angolan
4517:Eastern
4512:Central
4480:Central
4421:African
4344:Outline
4246:By year
4188:density
4073:Cuisine
4046:Culture
3990:Society
3967:Poverty
3910:Economy
3889:parties
3757:Central
3752:Regions
3742:Islands
3681:Central
3643:Empires
3638:Economy
3600:Barbary
3590:Slavery
3553:Empires
3516:History
3396:Mizrahi
3340:Tunisia
3310:Somalia
3295:Senegal
3270:Nigeria
3260:Namibia
3250:Morocco
3215:Liberia
3210:Lesotho
3160:Eritrea
3135:Comoros
3110:Burundi
3085:Algeria
2129:Swallow
1971:African
1907:boiling
1775:cassava
1713:starchy
1611:lobster
1603:oysters
1599:mussels
1579:ostrich
1575:venison
1551:peaches
1547:oranges
1543:avocado
1539:papayas
1535:bananas
1531:mangoes
1515:African
1475:biltong
1464:Khoisan
1460:African
1431:Khoisan
1427:Khoisan
1423:Khoisan
1361:African
1349:African
1318:Algeria
1227:saffron
1225:, like
1196:Berbers
1166:African
1154:Tunisia
1146:Algeria
1142:Morocco
1097:dabqaad
1084:incense
1042:Tarawih
1038:Ramadan
1014:basmati
999:alcohol
987:Somalia
983:mixture
879:berbere
829:lentils
825:legumes
817:sorghum
798:tsebhis
782:pickles
765:curries
760:juice.
746:saffron
744:style;
742:Persian
738:Swahili
715:called
713:bananas
649:berbere
604:cabbage
536:warthog
508:chicken
496:spinach
465:bobotie
412:sambusa
394:mandazi
275:African
269:History
123:scholar
6701:Fusion
6684:Styles
6670:Soviet
6635:Mughal
6630:Muisca
6420:Yup'ik
6410:Tejano
6400:Romani
6343:Syrian
6303:Jewish
6251:Indian
6236:Gagauz
6204:Indian
6159:Buryat
6154:Berber
6110:Ethnic
6091:Yemeni
5989:Syrian
5922:Basque
5892:Somali
5882:Slovak
5815:Udmurt
5760:Qatari
5750:Polish
5705:Niuean
5610:Malian
5553:Libyan
5523:Kyrgyz
5496:Korean
5491:Kenyan
5486:Kazakh
5325:Betawi
5315:Banjar
5268:Sindhi
5218:Kerala
5178:Bihari
5158:Andhra
5153:Indian
5096:Cretan
5081:German
5039:French
5017:Fijian
4940:Danish
4577:Afghan
4537:Global
4507:Balkan
4365:Portal
4220:cities
4068:Cinema
4026:Health
3784:Rivers
3506:
3504:Africa
3386:Jewish
3381:Berber
3355:Zambia
3345:Uganda
3280:Rwanda
3230:Malawi
3190:Guinea
3180:Gambia
3090:Angola
3022:
2959:
2911:
2870:
2860:
2794:27 May
2769:15 May
2653:
2619:
2586:
2552:
2525:
2449:
2441:
2357:15 May
2323:
2298:27 May
2273:24 May
2259:"Food"
2234:
2180:
2172:
1911:frying
1903:baking
1845:, and
1843:cloves
1812:kabsah
1787:kenkey
1751:, and
1739:foutou
1730:kenkey
1609:, and
1591:prawns
1583:impala
1581:, and
1527:grapes
1523:apples
1495:mealie
1416:Tsonga
1408:Tswana
1355:, and
1302:quiche
1294:tajine
1290:tajine
1282:coucha
1278:tangia
1255:bakery
1243:cloves
1239:ginger
1231:nutmeg
1223:spices
1208:Olives
1194:. The
1126:Fresh
1088:cuunsi
1080:lubaan
1068:nutmeg
1026:cloves
1010:bariis
964:Somali
962:, the
923:injera
907:(stew)
900:Injera
869:akelet
861:injera
857:injera
852:Injera
844:injera
821:hilbet
819:) and
804:injera
769:lentil
750:cloves
730:Yemeni
718:matoke
709:Uganda
662:Cattle
516:ginger
504:greens
492:piment
477:gombos
459:babuté
430:Ndongo
415:, and
403:rice,
348:, and
346:gumbos
324:, and
125:
118:
111:
104:
96:
6802:Drink
6747:Lists
6718:Haute
6625:Mayan
6550:Aztec
6463:Hindu
6375:Parsi
6365:Malay
6293:Inuit
6164:Cajun
6066:Uzbek
5999:Tajik
5984:Swiss
5974:Swazi
5820:Yamal
5810:Tatar
5805:Sakha
5715:Omani
5695:Niger
5437:Roman
5387:Irish
5382:Iraqi
5320:Batak
5273:Tamil
5091:Greek
4972:Dutch
4935:Czech
4925:Cuban
4789:Welsh
4652:Texan
4490:South
4470:Asian
4458:South
4453:North
4426:North
4351:Index
4113:Sport
4093:Music
4088:Media
3772:South
3767:North
3696:South
3691:North
3432:Lists
3325:Sudan
3265:Niger
3220:Libya
3205:Kenya
3185:Ghana
3175:Gabon
3150:Egypt
3095:Benin
2868:S2CID
2789:Issuu
2447:S2CID
2178:S2CID
1984:Bantu
1962:kebab
1925:Benin
1874:fonio
1795:Sahel
1783:Banku
1773:, or
1754:garri
1735:Ghana
1724:banku
1703:cook.
1696:maafe
1619:beers
1487:mageu
1468:Bantu
1453:pots.
1404:Sotho
1400:Swazi
1396:Xhosa
1388:Venda
1384:Shona
1372:Bantu
1357:Asian
1314:Egypt
1219:Arabs
1188:wheat
1162:Sudan
1158:Egypt
1150:Libya
1082:) or
1052:halva
1048:Xalwo
1018:cumin
1003:Qaddo
995:halal
968:halva
960:Xalwo
937:Tihlo
874:ladle
815:, or
813:wheat
772:soups
726:Omani
705:Ugali
694:ugali
689:Maize
674:goats
666:sheep
599:Ugali
426:Kongo
400:pilaf
311:maize
130:JSTOR
116:books
6836:Meal
6824:Diet
6807:Food
6620:Inca
6507:Sikh
6485:Jain
6480:Ital
6405:Sámi
6127:Arab
6122:Ainu
6016:Thai
5795:Komi
5335:Indo
5248:Odia
5243:Naga
5238:Mizo
5188:Goan
4522:list
4495:list
4463:list
4436:list
4431:West
4329:2020
4324:2019
4319:2018
4314:2017
4309:2016
4304:2015
4299:2014
4294:2013
4289:2012
4284:2011
4279:2010
4274:2009
4269:2008
4264:2007
4259:2006
4254:2005
3777:West
3762:East
3701:West
3686:East
3376:Arab
3335:Togo
3235:Mali
3130:Chad
3033:2016
3020:ISBN
2995:2022
2970:2017
2957:ISBN
2909:ISSN
2858:ISBN
2796:2020
2771:2022
2746:2017
2720:2017
2692:2017
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