42:
623:. Pertinax had increased the silver content of the denarius to 87%, whereas Didius Julianus ordered it reduced to 75%, nearly the adulterated amount that was present during the reign of Commodus. Because Julianus bought his position rather than acquiring it conventionally through succession or conquest, he was a deeply unpopular emperor. When Julianus appeared in public, he frequently was greeted with groans and shouts of "robber and parricide". Once, a mob even obstructed his progress to the
612:
655:, rebelled. They refused to accept Julianus' authority as emperor and instead each declared himself emperor. Julianus declared Severus a public enemy because he was the nearest of the three to Rome, making him the most dangerous foe. Julianus sent senators to persuade Severus' legionaries to abandon him, a new general was nominated to replace him, and a
745:, both of which helped protect Rome's border provinces. In the long run, the two tribes he repelled were but the harbingers of far larger Germanic migrations that would only truly finish in the sixth century AD. From arguably the reign of M. Aurelius, Rome would be constantly subject to incursions from the descendants of these tribes (see
757:'s reign. The trend he started, which would continue under the Severan dynasty on a far larger scale, destroyed confidence in Rome's currency, led to rampant hyperinflation, and caused widespread economic upheaval. Moreover, his blatant purchase of the throne shattered any illusions of normalcy in the Roman Empire.
698:
Julianus attempted to negotiate with
Severus, offering to share the empire with his rival, but Severus ignored these overtures and pressed forward. As he marched, more and more cities in Italy supported his claim to the throne. The remnants of the Praetorian Guard received pardons from Severus in
593:
and
Pertinax's father-in-law, who was in the Praetorian camp ostensibly to calm the troops, began making offers for the throne. Meanwhile, Julianus also arrived at the camp, and since his entrance was barred, shouted out offers to the guard. After hours of bidding, Sulpicianus promised 20,000
703:, the consul, who summoned the senate to inform them of the proceedings. The Senate passed a motion proclaiming Severus emperor, awarded divine honours to Pertinax, and sentenced Julianus to death. Julianus was deserted by all except one of the prefects and his son-in-law,
753:). As emperor, Didius Julianus was unable to pass any major policy reforms in his short reign other than currency devaluation. While the currency devaluation was comparatively minor, he restarted the trend of devaluing the Roman currency which had abated under
670:
and drilled the guard in the construction of fortifications and field works. Despite this training, the
Praetorian Guard was still undertrained compared to the field legionaries of Severus. Severus first secured the support of Albinus, declaring him
560:, the Roman Emperor at the time, feared Julianus' growing power. It was around this time that he was charged with having conspired against the life of Commodus, but the jury acquitted him and instead punished his accuser. Afterwards, he governed
598:
to every soldier; Julianus, fearing that
Sulpicianus would gain the throne, then offered 25,000. The guards closed with the offer of Julianus, threw open the gates, and proclaimed him emperor. Threatened by the military, the
456:, and his mother was a North African woman of Roman descent, from a family of consular rank. His brothers were Didius Proculus and Didius Nummius Albinus. His date of birth was 29 January, the year was 133 according to
3198:
863:
Cassius Dio, lxxiv, 17.5: "He had lived sixty years, four months, and the same number of days, out of which he had reigned sixty-six days." Dio's calculations can also give 28 January and 1 June by using
719:, Julianus' last words were: "But what evil have I done? Whom have I killed?" His body was given to his wife and daughter, who buried it in his great-grandfather's tomb by the fifth milestone on the
540:, the northwestern coastal area of present-day Germany, he was raised to the consulship in 175 along with Pertinax. He further distinguished himself in a campaign against the
691:
maintained that the
Praetorian Guard tried to fight back, but were crushed, while modern historians believe that the Praetorian Guard simply abandoned Julianus, deserting
1709:
1621:
729:
motion to condemn
Julianus and his legacy. Severus dismissed the Praetorian Guard and executed the soldiers who had killed Pertinax, the previous emperor.
699:
exchange for surrendering the actual murderers of
Pertinax. After seizing the ringleaders and killing them, the soldiers reported what they had done to
585:
After the murder of
Pertinax on 28 March 193, the Praetorian guard announced that the throne was to be sold to the man who would pay the highest price.
1626:
825:
3208:
333:
715:
Julianus was killed in the palace by a soldier on 2 June 193 AD, after a mere 66 days of ruling. According to the contemporary Roman historian
3223:
1512:"THE ARCHITECTS OF ROME'S DEMISE: THE ROLE OF SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS AND HIS SUCCESSORS IN THE DECLINE OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE AS A POLITICAL ENTITY"
3193:
687:, who was sent to negotiate with Severus and slow his march on Rome, and won over to his cause the ambassadors sent to turn his troops.
3218:
1511:
1733:
521:
420:, who had assassinated his predecessor Pertinax. A civil war ensued in which three rival generals laid claim to the imperial throne.
1769:
2294:
1200:
3188:
3153:
1653:
627:
by pelting him with large stones. When news of the public anger in Rome spread across the Empire, three influential generals,
3088:
2956:
3121:
Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, underlining indicates an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper
1584:
3213:
2301:
3158:
2924:
1705:
767:
326:
3203:
3178:
586:
3183:
3168:
445:
178:
3148:
2890:
2873:
2700:
2688:
1553:"Imperial Elements in the Formula of the Roman Emperors during the First Two and a Half Centuries of the Empire"
2861:
2653:
2615:
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2542:
319:
3076:
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and the nearest of the generals to Rome, marched on the capital, gathering support along the way and routing
17:
1068:
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1535:
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1943:
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545:
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205:
3025:
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1607:
1592:
436:
and the
Praetorian Guard, Julianus was killed by a soldier in the palace and succeeded by Severus.
2833:
2813:
2587:
2467:
1755:
3103:
3082:
2988:
1778:
1680:
783:, another crony of Commodus, compete against each other in the auction for the throne of Rome.
632:
619:
Upon his accession, Julianus immediately reversed
Pertinax's monetary reforms by devaluing the
611:
429:
1496:
3037:
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3008:
3003:
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2278:
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1650:
405:, two invading Germanic tribes. He was even appointed to the consulship in 175 along with
8:
3143:
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2229:
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2038:
2007:
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1572:
865:
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and depicted as a scheming henchman of Commodus. At the end of the movie, Julianus and
684:
47:
603:
also declared him emperor. His wife and his daughter both received the title Augusta.
41:
2963:
2909:
2750:
2648:
2623:
2472:
2334:
2070:
2055:
1933:
1901:
1690:
1616:
725:
680:
636:
549:
421:
394:
272:
133:
83:
389:. Julianus had a promising political career, governing several provinces, including
3093:
3070:
2973:
2946:
2931:
2897:
2823:
2783:
2773:
2498:
2425:
2395:
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880:
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417:
352:
248:
126:
2734:
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2420:
2328:
2316:
2310:
2162:
1983:
1953:
1876:
1657:
644:
624:
590:
569:
556:. Modern historians generally consider this a demotion for political reasons, as
471:
305:
260:
3163:
2628:
2592:
2537:
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2251:
2245:
2177:
2157:
1911:
1871:
812:
780:
672:
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476:
3132:
3098:
3058:
2602:
2410:
2218:
1548:
817:
648:
382:
188:
55:
480:, the first step towards public distinction. He married a Roman woman named
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2638:
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2565:
2555:
2378:
2240:
1881:
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1602:
720:
652:
600:
552:. He was then made prefect, charged with distributing money to the poor of
433:
2707:
2582:
2532:
2457:
2031:
1978:
1921:
772:
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688:
513:
485:
457:
159:
138:
103:
1471:
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2018:
1963:
1928:
1791:
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449:
99:
1777:
666:
had rarely fought in field battles, so Julianus marched them into the
2510:
2462:
2372:
2359:
2146:
2075:
2048:
2043:
2012:
1958:
1906:
1841:
1836:
656:
595:
565:
3199:
Roman emperors to suffer posthumous denigration or damnatio memoriae
1568:
432:
of the Praetorian Guard Julianus sent to meet him. Abandoned by the
2778:
2560:
2452:
2405:
2365:
2347:
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2202:
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2152:
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1973:
1968:
1916:
1891:
1886:
1851:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1725:
1673:
754:
640:
561:
557:
497:
474:. With Domitia's help, he was appointed at a very early age to the
425:
410:
406:
224:
73:
2712:
2415:
2322:
2235:
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1866:
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505:
786:
Julianus' accession and short reign are alluded to in the novel
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2341:
2223:
1995:
1861:
742:
738:
541:
529:
501:
402:
398:
1629:(V.1), Metzlerscher Verlag (Stuttgart, 1903), columns 412–424.
528:
and served for five years. After repelling an invasion by the
448:
and Aemilia Clara. His father came from a prominent family in
2085:
1856:
1846:
1826:
553:
537:
517:
453:
1497:
Coinage in the Roman Economy, 300 B.C. to A.D. 700, Part 700
1831:
1821:
370:
367:
115:
615:
Coin of Julianus. Inscription: CAES. M. DIDI. IVLIAN. AVG.
813:"A Roman marble portrait bust of Emperor Didius Julianus"
361:
1440:
413:. After this demotion, his political career languished.
166:
Imperator Caesar Marcus Didius Severus Julianus Augustus
1622:
Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft
416:
Julianus ascended the throne after buying it from the
845:
373:
364:
358:
355:
1509:
3130:
484:, and sometime around 153, they had a daughter,
1315:Cassius Dio, lxxiv, 16.1–2; Historia Augusta,
1259:Cassius Dio, lxxiv, 14.3–4; Historia Augusta,
1224:Cassius Dio, lxxiv, 13.2–5; Historia Augusta,
1763:
327:
1420:Cassius Dio, lxxiv, 17.4; Historia Augusta,
1385:Cassius Dio, lxxiv, 17.2; Historia Augusta,
1363:Cassius Dio, lxxiv, 17.1; Historia Augusta,
1337:Cassius Dio, lxxiv, 16.5; Historia Augusta,
1159:Cassius Dio, lxxiv, 11.5; Historia Augusta,
1128:Cassius Dio, lxxiv, 11.1; Historia Augusta,
1141:Cassius Dio, lxxiv, 11.3; Herodian, ii.6.8.
496:In succession Julianus held the offices of
1770:
1756:
1172:Cassius Dio, lxxiv, 12; Historia Augusta,
334:
320:
40:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
508:. He was nominated to the command of the
46:Modern replica of an ancient bust in the
610:
1557:Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome
1043:
1041:
1039:
982:
980:
953:
951:
606:
14:
3209:Roman governors of Bithynia and Pontus
3131:
1734:T. Pomponius Proculus Vitrasius Pollio
1198:
1054:
924:
922:
876:
874:
1751:
504:, and then, around 162, was named as
409:as a reward, before being demoted by
3224:Roman governors of Germania Inferior
1036:
977:
948:
899:Dio, lxxiv, 17.5; Historia Augusta,
895:
893:
3194:People executed by the Roman Empire
1600:
1547:
919:
871:
831:
737:Julianus repelled invasions by the
491:
385:from March to June 193, during the
381:; 29 January 133 – 2 June 193) was
24:
1614:
851:
760:
659:dispatched to take Severus' life.
587:Titus Flavius Claudius Sulpicianus
25:
3235:
3219:Roman governors of Gallia Belgica
1634:
890:
1201:"Friends, donors and countrymen"
580:
466:. Didius Julianus was raised by
446:Quintus Petronius Didius Severus
351:
179:Quintus Petronius Didius Severus
1646:Biography at Roman-emperors.org
1503:
1488:
1462:
1449:
1427:
1414:
1405:
1396:
1379:
1370:
1357:
1344:
1331:
1322:
1309:
1296:
1283:
1266:
1253:
1240:
1231:
1218:
1192:
1179:
1166:
1153:
1144:
1135:
1122:
1113:
1096:
1083:
1023:
1010:
993:
964:
935:
906:
857:
805:
679:and its fleet. Severus killed
564:and succeeded Pertinax as the
424:, commander of the legions in
13:
1:
3189:Military personnel from Milan
3154:2nd-century murdered monarchs
799:
460:and 137 by the less reliable
439:
1603:"Didius Julianus (193 A.D.)"
768:The Fall of The Roman Empire
651:, each able to muster three
7:
3214:Roman governors of Dalmatia
1651:Livius.org: Didius Julianus
1510:Jack Emerson Brown (2015).
1328:Cassius Dio, lxxiv, 15.1–2.
747:Crisis of the Third Century
10:
3240:
3159:2nd-century Roman emperors
3043:Constantine XI Palaiologos
2994:Andronikos III Palaiologos
2881:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
1641:Coinage of Didius Julianus
1528:
1228:, 4.2–7; Herodian, ii.7.3.
575:
532:, a tribe dwelling in the
3204:Roman governors of Africa
3179:2nd-century Roman consuls
3119:
3051:
3016:Andronikos IV Palaiologos
2984:Andronikos II Palaiologos
2809:Constantine IX Monomachos
2497:
2394:
2277:
2104:
1942:
1790:
1730:
1714:
1702:
1697:
1687:
1678:
1670:
1665:
1446:Cassius Dio, lxxiv, 17.5.
1424:, 8.7; Herodian, ii.12.6.
1411:Cassius Dio, lxxiv, 17.3.
1393:, 5.7; Herodian, ii.12.3.
1376:Cassius Dio, lxxiv, 16.3.
1319:, 5.9; Herodian, ii.11.9.
1237:Cassius Dio, lxxiv, 13.3.
1163:, 2.7; Herodian, ii.6.11.
1150:Cassius Dio, lxxiv, 11.5.
732:
387:Year of the Five Emperors
206:Year of the Five Emperors
184:
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39:
34:
2979:Michael VIII Palaiologos
1656:24 November 2014 at the
1608:De Imperatoribus Romanis
771:, Julianus is played by
710:
470:, mother of the emperor
199:Roman imperial dynasties
3184:Imperial Roman praetors
3169:Executed Roman emperors
2834:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
2468:Tiberius II Constantine
1468:Cassius Dio, lxxv, 1.1.
3149:2nd-century executions
2989:Michael IX Palaiologos
1519:University of Delaware
723:. The Senate passed a
616:
347:Marcus Didius Julianus
297:Nerva–Antonine dynasty
154:Marcus Didius Julianus
3083:Thessalonian emperors
3077:Trapezuntine emperors
3038:John VIII Palaiologos
3033:Manuel II Palaiologos
3004:John VI Kantakouzenos
2920:Andronikos I Komnenos
2757:Constantine Lekapenos
1785:and empresses regnant
1615:Wotawa, August von, "
1601:Meckler, Michael L.,
1541:Epitome of Book LXXIV
701:Marcus Silius Messala
614:
520:). In 170, he became
510:Legio XXII Primigenia
444:Julianus was born to
65:28 March – 2 June 193
3021:John VII Palaiologos
2969:Theodore II Laskaris
2829:Constantine X Doukas
2769:Nikephoros II Phokas
705:Cornelius Repentinus
607:Reign and opposition
488:, their only child.
113:2 June 193 (aged 60)
27:Roman emperor in 193
3174:History of auctions
2952:Theodore I Laskaris
2937:Alexios III Angelos
2915:Alexios II Komnenos
2839:Romanos IV Diogenes
2794:Romanos III Argyros
2740:Romanos I Lekapenos
1710:P. Salvius Julianus
834:, p. 33. "His
792:by Scottish writer
397:, and defeated the
3071:Britannic emperors
3065:Palmyrene emperors
2999:John V Palaiologos
2942:Alexios IV Angelos
2891:Constantine Doukas
2886:Alexios I Komnenos
2874:Constantine Doukas
2857:Michael VII Doukas
2819:Michael VI Bringas
2385:Romulus Augustulus
2008:Trebonianus Gallus
2001:Herennius Etruscus
1783:Byzantine emperors
1706:L. Calpurnius Piso
1698:Political offices
1583:Historia Augusta,
1455:Historia Augusta,
1433:Historia Augusta,
1402:Herodian, ii.11.6.
1350:Historia Augusta,
1302:Historia Augusta,
1289:Historia Augusta,
1272:Historia Augusta,
1246:Historia Augusta,
1185:Historia Augusta,
1102:Historia Augusta,
1089:Historia Augusta,
1047:Historia Augusta,
1029:Historia Augusta,
1016:Historia Augusta,
999:Historia Augusta,
986:Historia Augusta,
970:Historia Augusta,
957:Historia Augusta,
941:Historia Augusta,
928:Historia Augusta,
912:Historia Augusta,
866:inclusive counting
842:on his accession".
685:Praetorian prefect
675:, and then seized
617:
48:Capitoline Museums
3126:
3125:
2964:John III Vatatzes
2910:Manuel I Komnenos
2649:Michael I Rangabe
2493:
2492:
2335:Petronius Maximus
1934:Severus Alexander
1902:Septimius Severus
1746:
1745:
1731:Succeeded by
1691:Septimius Severus
1688:Succeeded by
1494:Kenneth W. Harl,
1391:Septimius Severus
1365:Septimius Severus
1291:Septimius Severus
1278:Septimius Severus
1205:Los Angeles Times
1119:Herodian, ii.6.4.
1069:"Didius Julianus"
726:damnatio memoriae
681:Tullius Crispinus
637:Septimius Severus
550:Germania Inferior
422:Septimius Severus
395:Germania Inferior
344:
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310:
273:Septimius Severus
212:
194:
193:
170:
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84:Septimius Severus
16:(Redirected from
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2974:John IV Laskaris
2947:Alexios V Doukas
2932:Isaac II Angelos
2898:John II Komnenos
2824:Isaac I Komnenos
2784:Constantine VIII
2774:John I Tzimiskes
2501:Byzantine Empire
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2274:
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1703:Preceded by
1671:Preceded by
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881:Historia Augusta
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777:Pescennius Niger
751:Migration Period
664:Praetorian Guard
629:Pescennius Niger
492:Imperial service
482:Manlia Scantilla
468:Domitia Calvilla
463:Historia Augusta
418:Praetorian Guard
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3059:Gallic emperors
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2735:Constantine VII
2516:Constantine III
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2398:
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2329:Valentinian III
2317:Constantius III
2311:Priscus Attalus
2295:Constantine III
2281:
2273:
2163:Valerius Valens
2108:
2100:
1946:
1938:
1897:Didius Julianus
1877:Marcus Aurelius
1794:
1786:
1776:
1742:
1739:M. Flavius Aper
1737:
1722:
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1708:
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1495:
1490:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1464:
1456:
1451:
1442:
1434:
1429:
1421:
1416:
1407:
1398:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1372:
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1351:
1346:
1338:
1333:
1324:
1316:
1311:
1303:
1298:
1290:
1285:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1260:
1255:
1247:
1242:
1233:
1225:
1220:
1208:. Retrieved
1204:
1199:Vicki Leon.
1194:
1186:
1181:
1173:
1168:
1160:
1155:
1146:
1137:
1129:
1124:
1115:
1110:, 4.1, 14.5.
1107:
1103:
1098:
1090:
1085:
1073:. Retrieved
1071:. Livius.org
1048:
1030:
1025:
1017:
1012:
1004:
1003:, 1.8, 2.3;
1000:
995:
987:
971:
966:
958:
942:
937:
929:
913:
908:
900:
884:
859:
847:
839:
835:
827:
816:
807:
789:The Business
788:
785:
779:, played by
766:
764:
736:
724:
721:Via Labicana
714:
697:
692:
661:
618:
584:
570:North Africa
495:
475:
461:
443:
415:
346:
345:
301:
292:
236:
204:
29:
3139:130s births
3085:(1224–1242)
3079:(1204–1461)
2868:Konstantios
2745:Christopher
2718:Constantine
2708:Michael III
2689:Constantine
2672:Constantine
2654:Theophylact
2583:Philippicus
2533:Constans II
2458:Justinian I
2354:Severus III
2302:Constans II
2056:Claudius II
2032:Silbannacus
1979:Gordian III
1954:Maximinus I
1922:Diadumenian
1250:, 4.2, 4.4.
1189:, 3.4, 4.5.
1132:, 2.4, 2.6.
854:, col. 412.
773:Eric Porter
717:Cassius Dio
689:Cassius Dio
544:, governed
514:Mogontiacum
486:Didia Clara
458:Cassius Dio
302:Followed by
293:Preceded by
160:Regnal name
139:Didia Clara
70:Predecessor
3144:193 deaths
3133:Categories
2862:Andronikos
2850:Nikephoros
2799:Michael IV
2764:Romanos II
2684:Theophilos
2679:Michael II
2660:Staurakios
2644:Staurakios
2616:Nikephoros
2609:Artabasdos
2521:Heraclonas
2478:Theodosius
2436:Basiliscus
2196:Nepotianus
2189:Magnentius
2183:Constans I
2136:Severus II
2116:Diocletian
2061:Quintillus
2026:Aemilianus
2019:Volusianus
1964:Gordian II
1929:Elagabalus
1792:Principate
1591:Herodian,
818:Christie's
800:References
794:Iain Banks
522:praefectus
450:Mediolanum
440:Early life
283:Succession
218:Chronology
100:Mediolanum
3104:Classical
3089:Empresses
3073:(286–296)
3067:(267–273)
3061:(260–274)
2804:Michael V
2730:Alexander
2543:Heraclius
2511:Heraclius
2463:Justin II
2373:Glycerius
2360:Anthemius
2230:Procopius
2168:Martinian
2147:Maxentius
2076:Florianus
2049:Saloninus
2044:Gallienus
2013:Hostilian
1989:Philip II
1959:Gordian I
1907:Caracalla
1842:Vespasian
1837:Vitellius
1597:, ii.6–13
1563:: 19–64.
1483:Did. Iul.
1210:24 August
657:centurion
596:sesterces
566:proconsul
80:Successor
3099:Usurpers
3094:Augustae
3052:See also
2957:Nicholas
2779:Basil II
2576:Tiberius
2561:Leontius
2549:Tiberius
2526:Tiberius
2504:610–1453
2499:Eastern/
2453:Justin I
2406:Arcadius
2366:Olybrius
2348:Majorian
2289:Honorius
2268:Eugenius
2203:Vetranio
2153:Licinius
2126:Galerius
2121:Maximian
2106:Dominate
2096:Numerian
2066:Aurelian
2039:Valerian
1984:Philip I
1974:Balbinus
1969:Pupienus
1917:Macrinus
1892:Pertinax
1887:Commodus
1852:Domitian
1817:Claudius
1812:Caligula
1807:Tiberius
1802:Augustus
1726:Pertinax
1674:Pertinax
1654:Archived
1627:volume 9
1617:Didius 8
1551:(1957).
1500:, p. 126
1306:, 5.4–8.
1263:, 5.1–2.
1108:Pertinax
1075:31 March
1005:Pertinax
755:Pertinax
741:and the
693:en masse
641:Pannonia
562:Bithynia
558:Commodus
546:Dalmatia
498:quaestor
426:Pannonia
411:Commodus
407:Pertinax
391:Dalmatia
225:Pertinax
74:Pertinax
3109:Eastern
3009:Matthew
2903:Alexios
2751:Stephen
2713:Basil I
2598:Leo III
2473:Maurice
2416:Marcian
2399:395–610
2323:Joannes
2282:395–480
2236:Gratian
2109:284–610
2091:Carinus
2071:Tacitus
1947:235–285
1867:Hadrian
1577:4238646
1544:, 11–17
1529:Sources
1459:, 8.10.
1389:, 6.9,
1276:, 5.3;
1106:, 2.3;
1007:, 14.5.
840:Severus
832:Hammond
677:Ravenna
653:legions
649:Britain
625:Capitol
576:Emperor
506:praetor
430:cohorts
277:193–211
265:193–197
253:193–194
118:, Italy
2871:&
2847:&
2754:&
2725:Leo VI
2701:Thekla
2657:&
2624:Leo IV
2546:&
2485:Phocas
2441:Marcus
2426:Leo II
2342:Avitus
2259:Victor
2224:Valens
2214:Jovian
2209:Julian
2081:Probus
2016:&
1996:Decius
1944:Crisis
1862:Trajan
1575:
1481:. 22,
1437:, 8.6.
1367:, 5.6.
1354:, 6.4.
1341:, 6.3.
1293:, 5.5.
1280:, 5.5.
1176:, 3.3.
1093:, 2.2.
1051:, 2.1.
1033:, 1.9.
1020:, 1.8.
990:, 1.7.
974:, 1.6.
961:, 1.5.
945:, 3.4.
932:, 1.4.
916:, 1.3.
903:, 8–9.
852:Wotawa
743:Chauci
739:Chatti
733:Legacy
683:, the
673:Caesar
643:, and
601:Senate
542:Chatti
530:Chauci
502:aedile
434:Senate
403:Chatti
399:Chauci
185:Mother
175:Father
123:Spouse
3164:Didii
2667:Leo V
2634:Irene
2421:Leo I
2086:Carus
1857:Nerva
1847:Titus
1827:Galba
1779:Roman
1724:with
1573:JSTOR
1521:: 27.
1515:(PDF)
1485:1.6–8
1479:Aurel
1477:SHA.
887:, 1.2
711:Death
633:Syria
554:Italy
538:Weser
518:Mainz
516:(now
454:Milan
149:Names
134:Issue
104:Italy
62:Reign
3023:(w.
3006:(w.
2954:(w.
2925:John
2922:(w.
2900:(w.
2888:(w.
2859:(w.
2841:(w.
2742:(w.
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2298:(w.
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2010:(w.
1998:(w.
1986:(w.
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1912:Geta
1832:Otho
1822:Nero
1781:and
1685:193
1212:2014
1077:2019
836:Life
749:and
662:The
548:and
500:and
401:and
393:and
213:193)
116:Rome
110:Died
94:Born
2844:Leo
2789:Zoe
2035:(?)
1721:175
1619:",
1565:doi
647:in
639:in
631:in
568:of
524:of
512:in
241:193
229:193
3135::
2865:,
2748:,
1741:II
1736:II
1625:,
1605:,
1571:.
1561:25
1559:.
1555:.
1539:,
1517:.
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1056:^
1038:^
979:^
950:^
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892:^
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796:.
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211:AD
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