Advertising - Knowledge

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receive the message while in a mental state of absorbing information from advertisements during television commercial breaks, while reading a periodical, or while passing by billboards in public spaces. A prime example of this messaging technique is advertising campaigns to promote international travel. While advertising foreign destinations and services may stem from the typical goal of increasing revenue by drawing more tourism, some travel campaigns carry the additional or alternative intended purpose of promoting good sentiments or improving existing ones among the target audience towards a given nation or region. It is common for advertising promoting foreign countries to be produced and distributed by the tourism ministries of those countries, so these ads often carry political statements and/or depictions of the foreign government's

1833:, however, advertisers often lease space directly on domain names that generically describe their products. When an Internet user visits a website by typing a domain name directly into their web browser, this is known as "direct navigation", or "type in" web traffic. Although many Internet users search for ideas and products using search engines and mobile phones, a large number of users around the world still use the address bar. They will type a keyword into the address bar such as "geraniums" and add ".com" to the end of it. Sometimes they will do the same with ".org" or a country-code Top Level Domain (TLD such as ".co.uk" for the United Kingdom or ".ca" for Canada). When Internet users type in a generic keyword and add .com or another 2369:, and email advertisements (all of which are often unwanted or spam in the case of email) are now commonplace. Particularly since the rise of "entertaining" advertising, some people may like an advertisement enough to wish to watch it later or show a friend. In general, the advertising community has not yet made this easy, although some have used the Internet to widely distribute their ads to anyone willing to see or hear them. In the last three quarters of 2009, mobile and Internet advertising grew by 18% and 9% respectively, while older media advertising saw declines: −10.1% (TV), −11.7% (radio), −14.8% (magazines) and −18.7% (newspapers). Between 2008 and 2014, U.S. newspapers lost more than half their print advertising revenue. 1401: 867:, Barratt introduced many of the crucial ideas that lie behind successful advertising and these were widely circulated in his day. He constantly stressed the importance of a strong and exclusive brand image for Pears and of emphasizing the product's availability through saturation campaigns. He also understood the importance of constantly reevaluating the market for changing tastes and mores, stating in 1907 that "tastes change, fashions change, and the advertiser has to change with them. An idea that was effective a generation ago would fall flat, stale, and unprofitable if presented to the public today. Not that the idea of today is always better than the older idea, but it is different – it hits the present taste." 2706: 67: 928: 755: 2032:, also known as hoardings in some parts of the world, are large structures located in public places which display advertisements to passing pedestrians and motorists. Most often, they are located on main roads with a large amount of passing motor and pedestrian traffic; however, they can be placed in any location with large numbers of viewers, such as on mass transit vehicles and in stations, in shopping malls or office buildings, and in stadiums. The form known as street advertising first came to prominence in the UK by Street Advertising Services to create outdoor advertising on street furniture and pavements. Working with products such as 3091:, and slogans must be interpreted by the audience or consumer. The "key to advertising analysis" is the signifier and the signified. The signifier is the object and the signified is the mental concept. A product has a signifier and a signified. The signifier is the color, brand name, logo design, and technology. The signified has two meanings known as denotative and connotative. The denotative meaning is the meaning of the product. A television's denotative meaning might be that it is high definition. The connotative meaning is the product's deep and hidden meaning. A connotative meaning of a television would be that it is top-of-the-line. 2743:

proper nutritional education to help children understand the consequences of their food choices. Additionally, children may not understand that they are being sold something, and are therefore more impressionable. Michelle Obama has criticized large food companies for advertising unhealthy foods largely towards children and has requested that food companies either limit their advertising to children or advertise foods that are more in line with dietary guidelines. The other criticisms include the change that are brought by those advertisements on the society and also the deceiving ads that are aired and published by the corporations.

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women's aspiration to these ideal types as portrayed in film, in erotic art, in advertising, on stage, within music videos and through other media exposures requires at least a conditioned rejection of female reality and thereby takes on a highly ideological cast. Studies show that these expectations of women and young girls negatively affect their views about their bodies and appearances. These advertisements are directed towards men. Not everyone agrees: one critic viewed this monologic, gender-specific interpretation of advertising as excessively skewed and politicized. There are some companies like

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actual ad – the copy, layout, and artwork – was still prepared by the company wishing to advertise; in effect, Palmer was a space broker. The situation changed when the first full-service advertising agency of N.W. Ayer & Son was founded in 1869 in Philadelphia. Ayer & Son offered to plan, create, and execute complete advertising campaigns for its customers. By 1900 the advertising agency had become the focal point of creative planning, and advertising was firmly established as a profession. Around the same time, in France,

637: 2735:. Advertising is increasingly invading public spaces, such as schools, which some critics argue is a form of child exploitation. This increasing difficulty in limiting exposure to specific audiences can result in negative backlash for advertisers. In tandem with these criticisms, the advertising industry has seen low approval rates in surveys and negative cultural portrayals. A 2021 study found that for more than 80% of brands, advertising had a negative return on investment. Unsolicited ads have been criticized as 871: 960: 850: 1746: 2354: 1039: 1424: 2053:, and others employing spotlights. Some billboard displays are static, while others change; for example, continuously or periodically rotating among a set of advertisements. Mobile displays are used for various situations in metropolitan areas throughout the world, including: target advertising, one-day and long-term campaigns, conventions, sporting events, store openings and similar promotional events, and big advertisements from smaller companies. 1381: 4448:(1976), pp. 68–59. "Widespread within the socially oriented literature of business in the twenties and thirties is a notion of educating people into an acceptance of the products and aesthetics of a mass-produced culture. ... Beyond this, and perhaps more important to the consciousness of many, were the indigenous networks of social structure which generated mistrust or open opposition to corporate monopolization of culture." 2058: 2802:, such as the display of billboards, are regulated by the UK Town and County Planning system. The display of an advertisement without consent from the Planning Authority is a criminal offense liable to a fine of £2,500 per offense. In the US, where some communities believe that outdoor advertising are a blight on landscapes, attempts to ban billboard advertising in the open countryside occurred in the 1960s, leading to the 719: 3356: 1389: 3370: 1413: 3176:, which could have an effect on how they interpret advertising. According to this study, men prefer to have available and apparent cues to interpret the message, whereas females engage in more creative, associative, imagery-laced interpretation. Later research by a Danish team found that advertising attempts to persuade men to improve their appearance or performance, whereas its approach to women aims at 1317: 940: 1484:(ads with design elements sold by size) vs. classified advertising (ads without design elements sold by the word or line). Advertising may be local, national or global. An ad campaign may be directed toward consumers or to businesses. The purpose of an ad may be to raise awareness (brand advertising), or to elicit an immediate sale (direct response advertising). The term 522:", which associates a product name or image with certain qualities in the minds of consumers. On the other hand, ads that intend to elicit an immediate sale are known as direct-response advertising. Non-commercial entities that advertise more than consumer products or services include political parties, interest groups, religious organizations, and governmental agencies. 4237:(1976), p. 34. "While agreeing that 'human nature is more difficult to control than material nature,' ad men spoke in specific terms of 'human instincts' which if properly understood could induce people 'to buy a given product if it was scientifically presented. If advertising copy appealed to the right instincts, the urge to buy would surely be excited'." 4224:(1976), p. 33. "As Ford's massive assembly line utilized 'extensive single-purpose machinery' to produce automobiles inexpensively and at a rate that dwarfed traditional methods, the costly machinery of advertising that Coolidge had described set out to produce consumers, likewise inexpensively and at a rate that dwarfed traditional methods." 3083:. Semiotics aims to study and interpret the message being conveyed in (for example) advertisements. Logos and advertisements can be interpreted at two levels – known as the surface level and the underlying level. The surface level uses signs creatively to create an image or personality for a product. These signs can be images, words, fonts, 1259:. Advertising spending as a share of GDP was about 2.9 percent. By 1998, television and radio had become major advertising media; by 2017, the balance between broadcast and online advertising had shifted, with online spending exceeding broadcast. Nonetheless, advertising spending as a share of GDP was slightly lower – about 2.4 percent. 2207:". Spam has been a problem for e-mail users since 1978. As new online communication channels became available, advertising followed. The first banner ad appeared on the World Wide Web in 1994. Prices of Web-based advertising space are dependent on the "relevance" of the surrounding web content and the traffic that the website receives. 2105:

products or wear clothes by specific brands or designers. Celebrities are often involved in advertising campaigns such as television or print adverts to advertise specific or general products. The use of celebrities to endorse a brand can have its downsides, however; one mistake by a celebrity can be detrimental to the

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prefer happy ads when they are feeling happy. The television programs in which ads are embedded influence a viewer's mood state. Susan Wojcicki, author of the article "Ads that Empower Women don't just Break Stereotypes—They're also Effective" discusses how advertising to women has changed since the first

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The advertising of pricing information is another topic of concern for governments. In the United States for instance, it is common for businesses to only mention the existence and amount of applicable taxes at a later stage of a transaction. In Canada and New Zealand, taxes can be listed as separate

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be helped by bringing the issue of color into advertisements. Different colors play major roles when it comes to marketing strategies, for example, seeing the blue can promote a sense of calmness and gives a sense of security which is why many social networks such as Facebook use blue in their logos.

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advertisements are broadcast as radio waves to the air from a transmitter to an antenna and a thus to a receiving device. Airtime is purchased from a station or network in exchange for airing the commercials. While radio has the limitation of being restricted to sound, proponents of radio advertising

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may be inserted into regular programming through computer graphics. It is typically inserted into otherwise blank backdrops or used to replace local billboards that are not relevant to the remote broadcast audience. Virtual billboards may be inserted into the background where none exist in real-life.

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game in the United States is known as the most prominent advertising event on television – with an audience of over 108 million and studies showing that 50% of those only tuned in to see the advertisements. During the 2014 edition of this game, the average thirty-second ad cost US$ 4 million, and $ 8

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In the United States, newspapers grew quickly in the first few decades of the 19th century, in part due to advertising. By 1822, the United States had more newspaper readers than any other country. About half of the content of these newspapers consisted of advertising, usually local advertising, with

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is an example of niche marketing. Google calculates the primary purpose of a website and adjusts ads accordingly; it uses keywords on the page (or even in emails) to find the general ideas of topics disused and places ads that will most likely be clicked on by viewers of the email account or website

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menus. These advertisements are targeted to a specific group and can be viewed by anyone wishing to find out more about a particular business or practice, from their home. This causes the viewer to become proactive and actually choose what advertisements they want to view. Niche marketing could also

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In-store advertising is any advertisement placed in a retail store. It includes placement of a product in visible locations in a store, such as at eye level, at the ends of aisles and near checkout counters (a.k.a. POP – point of purchase display), eye-catching displays promoting a specific product,

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are generally vehicle mounted billboards or digital screens. These can be on dedicated vehicles built solely for carrying advertisements along routes preselected by clients, they can also be specially equipped cargo trucks or, in some cases, large banners strewn from planes. The billboards are often

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involves unusual approaches such as staged encounters in public places, giveaways of products such as cars that are covered with brand messages, and interactive advertising where the viewer can respond to become part of the advertising message. This type of advertising is unpredictable, which causes

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is the practice and techniques employed to bring attention to a product or service. Advertising aims to present a product or service in terms of utility, advantages and qualities of interest to consumers. It is typically used to promote a specific good or service, but there are a wide range of uses,

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Foreign governments, particularly those that own marketable commercial products or services, often promote their interests and positions through the advertising of those goods because the target audience is not only largely unaware of the forum as a vehicle for foreign messaging but also willing to

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The rise of mass media communications allowed manufacturers of branded goods to bypass retailers by advertising directly to consumers. This was a major paradigm shift which forced manufacturers to focus on the brand and stimulated the need for superior insights into consumer purchasing, consumption

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p.55 quotation: "... from the early days advertising has been intimately intertwined with tobacco. The man who is sometimes considered the founder of modern advertising and Madison Avenue, Edward Bernays, created many of the major cigarette campaigns of the 1920s, including having women march

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toward an impossible ideal of female presentation. In Paul Suggett's article "The Objectification of Women in Advertising" he discusses the negative impact that these women in advertisements, who are too perfect to be real, have on women, as well as men, in real life. Advertising's manipulation of

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of a person that was the age of Apple's target market. They placed the silhouette in front of a blue screen so that the picture behind the silhouette could be constantly changing. However, the one thing that stays the same in these ads is that there is music in the background and the silhouette is

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Pre-testing includes a wide range of qualitative and quantitative techniques, including: focus groups, in-depth target audience interviews (one-on-one interviews), small-scale quantitative studies and physiological measurement. The goal of these investigations is to better understand how different

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audience possible. However, usage tracking, customer profiles and the growing popularity of niche content brought about by everything from blogs to social networking sites, provide advertisers with audiences that are smaller but much better defined, leading to ads that are more relevant to viewers

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general principle, that men are very largely actuated by motives which they conceal from themselves, is as true of mass as of individual psychology. It is evident that the successful propagandist must understand the true motives and not be content to accept the reasons which men give for what they

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and the formula was soon copied by all titles. Around 1840, Volney B. Palmer established the roots of the modern day advertising agency in Philadelphia. In 1842 Palmer bought large amounts of space in various newspapers at a discounted rate then resold the space at higher rates to advertisers. The

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J. Henry Smythe, Jr – "the world's best known slogan writer... compiled and edited "The Amazing Benjamin Franklin," published in 1929 ... approved by the American Library Association. ... Over forty official contributions ... Each paid tribute to some special "side" of Franklin ... "Franklin, the

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Post-testing employs many of the same techniques as pre-testing, usually with a focus on understanding the change in awareness or attitude attributable to the advertisement. With the emergence of digital advertising technologies, many firms have begun to continuously post-test ads using real-time

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Advertising is at the front of delivering the proper message to customers and prospective customers. The purpose of advertising is to inform the consumers about their product and convince customers that a company's services or products are the best, enhance the image of the company, point out and

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Print advertising describes advertising in a printed medium such as a newspaper, magazine, or trade journal. This encompasses everything from media with a very broad readership base, such as a major national newspaper or magazine, to more narrowly targeted media such as local newspapers and trade

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and allow advertising companies to place ads on their sites in return for per-click payments. These ads are typically driven by pay per click search engines like Google or Yahoo, but ads can sometimes be placed directly on targeted domain names through a domain lease or by making contact with the

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At the turn of the 20th century, advertising was one of the few career choices for women. Since women were responsible for most household purchasing done, advertisers and agencies recognized the value of women's insight during the creative process. In fact, the first American advertising to use a

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More recent research by Martin (2003) reveals that males and females differ in how they react to advertising depending on their mood at the time of exposure to the ads and on the affective tone of the advertising. When feeling sad, males prefer happy ads to boost their mood. In contrast, females

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The advertising industries within some countries rely less on laws and more on systems of self-regulation. Advertisers and the media agree on a code of advertising standards that they attempt to uphold. The general aim of such codes is to ensure that any advertising is 'legal, decent, honest and

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has become popular with bachelor, master and doctorate degrees becoming available in the emphasis. A surge in advertising interest is typically attributed to the strong relationship advertising plays in cultural and technological changes, such as the advance of online social networking. A unique

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In the 18th century, advertisements started to appear in weekly newspapers in England. These early print advertisements were used mainly to promote books and newspapers, which became increasingly affordable with advances in the printing press; and medicines, which were increasingly sought after.

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One of the most controversial criticisms of advertisement in the present day is that of the predominance of advertising of foods high in sugar, fat, and salt specifically to children. Critics claim that food advertisements targeting children are exploitive and are not sufficiently balanced with

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in the creative process, maximizing local effectiveness of ads, and increasing the company's speed of implementation. Born from the evolutionary stages of global marketing are the three primary and fundamentally different approaches to the development of global advertising executions: exporting

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held a similar competition for their Tahoe line of SUVs. Due to the success of the Doritos user-generated ads in the 2007 Super Bowl, Frito-Lays relaunched the competition for the 2009 and 2010 Super Bowl. The resulting ads were among the most-watched and most-liked Super Bowl ads. In fact, the

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contributed applied psychological theory to the field of advertising. Scott said, "Man has been called the reasoning animal but he could with greater truthfulness be called the creature of suggestion. He is reasonable, but he is to a greater extent suggestible". He demonstrated this through his

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company, Barratt created an effective advertising campaign for the company products, which involved the use of targeted slogans, images and phrases. One of his slogans, "Good morning. Have you used Pears' soap?" was famous in its day and into the 20th century. In 1882, Barratt recruited English

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claims-objective and subjective. Objective claims stem from the extent to which the claim associates the brand with a tangible product or service feature. For instance, a camera may have auto-focus features. Subjective claims convey emotional, subjective, impressions of intangible aspects of a

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In online display advertising, display ads generate awareness quickly. Unlike search, which requires someone to be aware of a need, display advertising can drive awareness of something new and without previous knowledge. Display works well for direct response. The display is not only used for

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Advertising in which a celebrity endorses a product or brand leverages celebrity power, fame, money, and popularity to gain recognition for their products or to promote specific stores' or products. Advertisers often advertise their products, for example, when celebrities share their favorite

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Sales promotions are another way to advertise. Sales promotions are double purposed because they are used to gather information about what type of customers one draws in and where they are, and to jump start sales. Sales promotions include things like contests and games, sweepstakes, product

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began the modern practice of selling advertisement time to multiple sponsors. Previously, DuMont had trouble finding sponsors for many of their programs and compensated by selling smaller blocks of advertising time to several businesses. This eventually became the standard for the commercial

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As a result of massive industrialization, advertising increased dramatically in the United States. In 1919 it was 2.5 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) in the US, and it averaged 2.2 percent of GDP between then and at least 2007, though it may have declined dramatically since the Great

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In Europe, as the towns and cities of the Middle Ages began to grow, and the general population was unable to read, instead of signs that read "cobbler", "miller", "tailor", or "blacksmith", images associated with their trade would be used such as a boot, a suit, a hat, a clock, a diamond, a

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commercial, where a little girl tells the doll that, she wants to be just like her. Little girls grow up watching advertisements of scantily clad women advertising things from trucks to burgers and Wojcicki states that this shows girls that they are either arm candy or eye candy.

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Some governments restrict the languages that can be used in advertisements, but advertisers may employ tricks to try avoiding them. In France for instance, advertisers sometimes print English words in bold and French translations in fine print to deal with Article 120 of the 1994

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such as schools, clubs and civic groups who also set up their own stations. Retailer and consumer goods manufacturers quickly recognized radio's potential to reach consumers in their home and soon adopted advertising techniques that would allow their messages to stand out;

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In other words, selling products by appealing to the rational minds of customers (the main method used prior to Bernays) was much less effective than selling products based on the unconscious desires that Bernays felt were the true motivators of human action.

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Advertising research is a specialized form of research that works to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of advertising. It entails numerous forms of research which employ different methodologies. Advertising research includes pre-testing (also known as

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a box", which is considered to be the world's first advertising slogan. The Beechams adverts would appear in newspapers all over the world, helping the company become a global brand. The phrase was said to be uttered by a satisfied lady purchaser from

1155:. In some instances the sponsors exercised great control over the content of the show – up to and including having one's advertising agency actually writing the show. The single sponsor model is much less prevalent now, a notable exception being the 682:. Wall or rock painting for commercial advertising is another manifestation of an ancient advertising form, which is present to this day in many parts of Asia, Africa, and South America. The tradition of wall painting can be traced back to Indian 2188:-driven advertising, using large quantities of data, precise measuring tools and precise targeting. Advanced advertising also makes it easier for companies which sell ad space to attribute customer purchases to the ads they display or broadcast. 6978: 1137:

to gather insights into consumer purchasing. Strong branded campaigns for Chrysler and Exxon/Esso, using insights drawn research methods from psychology and cultural anthropology, led to some of the most enduring campaigns of the 20th century.

2590:, continued industry diversification has seen observers note that "big global clients don't need big global agencies any more". This is reflected by the growth of non-traditional agencies in various global markets, such as Canadian business 3163:

are commonly used in advertising. Most voiceovers are done by men, with figures of up to 94% having been reported. There have been more female voiceovers in recent years, but mainly for food, household products, and feminine-care products.

6782: 1016:, the American government promoted advertising. Hoover himself delivered an address to the Associated Advertising Clubs of the World in 1925 called 'Advertising Is a Vital Force in Our National Life." In October 1929, the head of the U.S. 4632:

Karmasin, H., "Ernest Dichter's Studies on Automobile Marketing", in Schwarzkopf, S. and Gries, R. (eds.), Ernest Dichter and Motivation Research: New Perspectives on the Making of Post-war Consumer Culture, Palgrave Macmillan, 2010, pp.

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create a need for products or services, demonstrate new uses for established products, announce new products and programs, reinforce the salespeople's individual messages, draw customers to the business, and to hold existing customers.

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as the top ad for the year while the winning ads that aired in the 2010 Super Bowl were found by Nielsen's BuzzMetrics to be the "most buzzed-about". Another example of companies using crowdsourcing successfully is the beverage company

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advertisements. User-generated ads are created by people, as opposed to an advertising agency or the company themselves, often resulting from brand sponsored advertising competitions. For the 2007 Super Bowl, the Frito-Lays division of

2578:(People's Republic of China). By depicting their destinations, airlines, and other services in a favorable and pleasant light, countries market themselves to populations abroad in a manner that could mitigate prior public impressions. 3937: 3102:

listening to that music on a white iPod through white headphones. Through advertising, the white color on a set of earphones now signifies that the music device is an iPod. The white color signifies almost all of Apple's products.

2542:. Additionally, a wide range of foreign airlines and travel-related services which advertise separately from the destinations, themselves, are owned by their respective governments; examples include, though are not limited to, the 1132:

By the 1940s, manufacturers began to recognize the way in which consumers were developing personal relationships with their brands in a social/psychological/anthropological sense. Advertisers began to use motivational research and

2237:, which replaces the need to do any typing of web addresses, and uses the camera feature of modern phones to gain immediate access to web content. 83 percent of Japanese mobile phone users already are active users of 2D barcodes. 701:

Liu's Fine Needle Shop" and "We buy high-quality steel rods and make fine-quality needles, to be ready for use at home in no time" written above and below is considered the world's earliest identified printed advertising medium.

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Unpaid advertising (also called "publicity advertising"), can include personal recommendations ("bring a friend", "sell it"), spreading buzz, or achieving the feat of equating a brand with a common noun (in the United States,

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The tobacco companies became major advertisers in order to sell packaged cigarettes. The tobacco companies pioneered the new advertising techniques when they hired Bernays to create positive associations with tobacco smoking.

5339:"Latest Amazing Discovery: The Un-Infomercial : Television: Storymercials cost more to shoot and don't look like infomercials – they look like real shows. The soft-sell approach is more appealing to corporate America" 2787:, which exist in parts of Europe. Advertising regulation focuses heavily on the veracity of the claims and as such, there are often tighter restrictions placed around advertisements for food and healthcare products. 1020:, Julius Klein, stated "Advertising is the key to world prosperity." This was part of the "unparalleled" collaboration between business and government in the 1920s, according to a 1933 European economic journal. 2448:

This trend has given rise to several online platforms that host user-generated advertising competitions on behalf of a company. Founded in 2007, Zooppa has launched ad competitions for brands such as Google,

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Increasingly, other media are overtaking many of the "traditional" media such as television, radio and newspaper because of a shift toward the usage of the Internet for news and music as well as devices like

2096:. Some printers specialize in printing novelty items, which can then be distributed directly by the advertiser, or items may be distributed as part of a cross-promotion, such as ads on fast food containers. 5040: 2044:) in public places on temporary bases. The large outer advertising space aims to exert a strong pull on the observer, the product is promoted indoors, where the creative decor can intensify the impression. 6974: 7773: 7004: 4571:

Petty, R.D., "A History of Brand Identity Protection and Brand Marketing", in The Routledge Companion to Marketing History, D.G. Brian Jones & Mark Tadajewski (eds), Oxon, Routledge, 2016, p. 104

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According to a 1977 study by David Statt, females process information comprehensively, while males process information through heuristic devices such as procedures, methods or strategies for solving

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Advertising may be categorized in a variety of ways, including by style, target audience, geographic scope, medium, or purpose. For example, in print advertising, classification by style can include

693:(11th to 7th centuries BC) of bamboo flutes played to sell confectionery. Advertisement usually takes the form of calligraphic signboards and inked papers. A copper printing plate dated back to the 575:. Advertising's projected distribution for 2017 was 40.4% on TV, 33.3% on digital, 9% on newspapers, 6.9% on magazines, 5.8% on outdoor and 4.3% on radio. Internationally, the largest ("Big Five") 6778: 2851:

The model of Clow and Baack clarifies the objectives of an advertising campaign and for each individual advertisement. The model postulates six steps a buyer moves through when making a purchase:

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The share of advertising spending relative to GDP has changed little across large changes in media since 1925. In 1925, the main advertising media in America were newspapers, magazines, signs on

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Before long, radio station owners realized they could increase advertising revenue by selling 'air-time' in small time allocations which could be sold to multiple businesses. By the 1930s, these

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audio and video, posters, and the backs of event tickets and supermarket receipts. Any situation in which an "identified" sponsor pays to deliver their message through a medium is advertising.

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for the expressed purpose of delivering marketing messages to attract customers. Online ads are delivered by an ad server. Examples of online advertising include contextual ads that appear on

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aired short programming breaks called "Content Wraps", to advertise one company's product during an entire commercial break. The CW pioneered "content wraps" and some products featured were

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and 3D pavement advertising, for getting brand messages out into public spaces. Sheltered outdoor advertising combines outdoor with indoor advertisement by placing large mobile, structures (

8211:, 9,000 advertising items and publications dating from 1850 to 1940, illustrating the rise of consumer culture and the birth of a professionalized advertising industry in the United States. 5159: 7722:

aside from rare popups seeking donations, Knowledge routinely seeks voluntary donations of time to improve itself via research to be done by those who then make edits to existing articles.

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In recent years there have been several media literacy initiatives, and more specifically concerning advertising, that seek to empower citizens in the face of media advertising campaigns.

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items, as long as they are quoted up-front. In most other countries, the advertised price must include all applicable taxes, enabling customers to easily know how much it will cost them.

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Advertising research is key to determining the success of an ad in any country or region. The ability to identify which elements and/or moments of an ad contribute to its success is how

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is a long-format television commercial, typically five minutes or longer. The name blends the words "information" and "commercial". The main objective in an infomercial is to create an

4309: 1031:, encouraging workers to exchange their traditional habits and community structure in favor of a shared "modern" lifestyle. An important tool for influencing immigrant workers was the 2491:, there are four, potentially competing, business objectives that must be balanced when developing worldwide advertising: building a brand while speaking with one voice, developing 5476: 896:

became products for the masses, and British biscuit manufacturers were among the first to introduce branding to distinguish grocery products. One the world's first global brands,

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There have been increasing efforts to protect the public interest by regulating the content and the influence of advertising. Some examples include restrictions for advertising

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Solis, Brian (2011) Engage!: The Complete Guide for Brands and Businesses to Build, Cultivate, and Measure Success in the New Web, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 201–202.

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Spring, Dawn. "The Globalization of American Advertising and Brand Management: A Brief History of the J. Walter Thompson Company, Proctor and Gamble, and US Foreign Policy."

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horseshoe, a candle or even a bag of flour. Fruits and vegetables were sold in the city square from the backs of carts and wagons and their proprietors used street callers (

3609:, p.15 quotation: "... during the early twentieth century, tobacco manufacturers virtually created the modern advertising and marketing industry as it is known today." 3113:, individuals are influenced by three categories. Certain characteristics of stimuli may enhance or decrease the elaboration of the message (if the product is perceived as 1856:

is when a product or brand is embedded in entertainment and media. For example, in a film, the main character can use an item or other of a definite brand, as in the movie

6264: 7108: 4682:

Bearden, William O.; Madden, Charles S. (November 1, 1996). "A brief history of the future of advertising: Visions and lessons from integrated marketing communications".

2610:(such as TiVo) allow watchers to record the programs for later viewing, enabling them to fast forward through commercials. Additionally, as more seasons of pre-recorded 5981: 549:

to become the poster-girl for Pears, making her the first celebrity to endorse a commercial product. Modern advertising originated with the techniques introduced with

6595: 6336: 4668: 888:

Enhanced advertising revenues was one effect of the Industrial Revolution in Britain. Thanks to the revolution and the consumers it created, by the mid-19th century

5262: 5048: 4077: 6228: 1059:

was created by a woman – for a soap product. Although tame by today's standards, the advertisement featured a couple with the message "A skin you love to touch".

6195: 4757: 4135: 3141:

product or service. They are non-physical features of a product or service that cannot be directly perceived, as they have no physical reality. For instance the

2916:

represents the variables of getting the product to the consumer such as distribution channels, market coverage and movement organization. The last P stands for

6400: 6123: 3675: 2791:

truthful'. Some self-regulatory organizations are funded by the industry, but remain independent, with the intent of upholding the standards or codes like the

2385:, advertisers will have an increasing ability to reach specific audiences. In the past, the most efficient way to deliver a message was to blanket the largest 6925: 6378: 1821:; they go in a website's news feed and are supposed to improve user experience by being less intrusive. However, some people argue this practice is deceptive. 1129:, as the packets of time became known, were being sold by the station's geographical sales representatives, ushering in an era of national radio advertising. 7000: 4774:

Ko, Hanjun; Cho, Chang-Hoan; Roberts, Marilyn S. (June 1, 2005). "Internet Uses and Gratifications: A Structural Equation Model of Interactive Advertising".

1118:

and usage behavior; their needs, wants and aspirations. The earliest radio drama series were sponsored by soap manufacturers and the genre became known as a

7771: 5829:"Under some circumstances, terms that are not originally generic can become generic over time (a process called "genericity"), and thus become unprotected." 7549: 5908: 2292:). However, some companies oppose the use of their brand name to label an object. Equating a brand with a common noun also risks turning that brand into a 1032: 821:

to include advertisement brokerage, making it the first French group to organize. At first, agencies were brokers for advertisement space in newspapers.

4203:. Social Science Research Network publishing working paper 17-37 of the Research Department, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia. p. 37 (Fig. 3). 1998: 7062:

has undergone various modifications in its historical development such that today we use it in the plural form, indicating that competing models exist.

5078: 3982:

He was first described as such in T F G Coates, 'Mr Thomas J Barratt, "The father of modern advertising"', Modern Business, September 1908, pp. 107–15.

1568:, musical stage shows, subway platforms and trains, elastic bands on disposable diapers, doors of bathroom stalls, stickers on apples in supermarkets, 7697: 5876:"Warner Bros. Television Group, The CW And Toyota Launch "Smallville Legends: Justice And Doom," A Marketing Campaign For The Hit Series "Smallville"" 1837:(TLD) ending, it produces a targeted sales lead. Domain name advertising was originally developed by Oingo (later known as Applied Semantics), one of 833:

and the growth of consumer goods. This era saw the dawn of ad agencies, employing more cunning methods— persuasive diction and psychological tactics.

7073:

Clow, Kenneth E.; Baack, Donald (2007). Integrated Advertising, Promotion, and Marketing Communications 3rd edition. Pearson Education. pp. 165–171.

3034:

groups respond to various messages and visual prompts, thereby providing an assessment of how well the advertisement meets its communications goals.

2519:

provide insight into what is working in an ad in any country or region because the measures are based on the visual, not verbal, elements of the ad.

7634: 5289: 1500:

began paying their advertising agencies differently from other promotional agencies. In the 2010s, as advertising technology developed, a new term,

6952: 4034: 2792: 5433: 5170: 2685:

giveaways, samples coupons, loyalty programs, and discounts. The ultimate goal of sales promotions is to stimulate potential customers to action.

10671: 10136: 9992: 7819: 7676: 5239: 2751:

are the ones which exploited the highest and created reasons of concern. Political advertisement and their regulations have been scrutinized for

1248:

leading the charge. This shift has significantly altered the advertising landscape, making digital advertising a dominant force in the industry.

7873: 6838: 6242: 6067: 5611: 545:

to be its brand manager—the first of its kind—and in addition to creating slogans and images he recruited West End stage actress and socialite

3623: 8266: 5696: 6899: 4306: 4204: 4170: 8354: 7389: 6036: 5824: 4844:

Last year, for the first time, global ad spending on digital platforms exceeded the dolloars spent on TV – by a solid $ 31 billion margin.

7426: 992:, became associated with the method and is sometimes called the founder of modern advertising and public relations. Bernays claimed that: 7734: 5472: 5410: 4429: 4264: 3790: 3602: 3576: 2218:

followed, also first launched in Finland in 2000. By 2007 the value of mobile advertising had reached $ 2 billion and providers such as

1006:" became a controversial issue, with techniques for titillating and enlarging the audience posing a challenge to conventional morality. 4478: 4412: 4381: 4347: 2621:

To counter this effect, a variety of strategies have been employed. Many advertisers have opted for product placement on TV shows like

1439: 5938: 5657: 5212: 5190: 3755: 3646: 1957: 1035:(AAFLN). The AAFLN was primarily an advertising agency but also gained heavily centralized control over much of the immigrant press. 7327:

Mick, Devid Glen (September 1986). "Consumer Research and Semiotics: Exploring the Morphology of Signs, Symbols, and Significance".

2214:

As the mobile phone became a new mass medium in 1998 when the first paid downloadable content appeared on mobile phones in Finland,

8649: 8187: 7770:

Winfield Scott Downs, American Historical Company, American Historical Society, 1940 – Biography & Autobiography (pp. 260–263)

6677: 6869: 5133: 4521:

Benjamin, L.T., & Baker, D.B. 2004. Industrial–organizational psychology: The new psychology and the business of advertising.

3288:(1866–1932) – popularised the use of test campaigns, especially coupons in direct mail, to track the efficiency of marketing spend 9368: 6617: 3230:. Websites and applications are "ad-free" when not using advertisements at all for revenue. For example, the online encyclopedia 2927:

was introduced as a more customer-driven replacement of four P's. There are two theories based on four Cs: Lauterborn's four Cs (

2874:

Means-end theory suggests that an advertisement should contain a message or means that leads the consumer to a desired end-state.

2117:

was terminated, as Kellogg's did not want to associate with him after he was photographed smoking marijuana. Celebrities such as

1017: 6364:

Altstiel, Tom, and Jean Grow. Advertising Strategy: Creative Tactics From the Outside/In. CA: Sage Publication Inc. 2006. Print.

4093:

British actress Lillie Langtry became the world's first celebrity endorser when her likeness appeared on packages of Pears Soap.

2877:

Leverage points aim to move the consumer from understanding a product's benefits to linking those benefits with personal values.

2487:

Advertising has gone through five major stages of development: domestic, export, international, multi-national, and global. For

6808: 6752: 6731: 2731:

have become so prevalent as to have become a major nuisance to users of these services, as well as being a financial burden on

808:

was the first to include paid advertising in its pages, allowing it to lower its price, extend its readership and increase its

6150: 3324:(1910–1984) – developed the concept of the unique selling proposition (USP) and advocated the use of repetition in advertising 7363: 7196: 7039: 5727: 5537: 5512: 5386: 4652: 4406: 4375: 4341: 4258: 3920: 3825: 2109:

of a brand. For example, following his performance of eight gold medals at the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, China, swimmer

5978: 5315: 9973: 7045: 6587: 2847:

Various competing models of hierarchies of effects attempt to provide a theoretical underpinning to advertising practice.

2211:

generating awareness, it is used for direct response campaigns that link to a landing page with a clear 'call to action'.

9869: 5266: 3464: 498: 7210:

Shimizu, Koichi (1989) "Advertising Theory and Strategies", (Japanese) first edition, Souseisha Book Company in Tokyo. (

3268:(1880–1952) – the "father of modern advertising"; defined advertising as "salesmanship in print, driven by a reason why" 1151:

television industry in the United States. However, it was still a common practice to have single sponsor shows, such as

7752: 7131: 7102: 6644: 6218: 6191: 5804: 5758: 5596: 5443: 4718: 4617: 2700: 2614:

are offered for sale of television programs; fewer people watch the shows on TV. However, the fact that these sets are

1708:

Television advertising is one of the most expensive types of advertising; networks charge large amounts for commercial

1266:

consumers to buy the product or idea. This reflects an increasing trend of interactive and "embedded" ads, such as via

592: 3862: 3844: 1761:

often cite this as an advantage. Radio is an expanding medium that can be found on air, and also online. According to

9899: 8259: 7999: 7940: 7258: 7232: 7215: 7078: 4546: 3306:(1897–1980) – founded one of the earliest international advertising agencies and developed ratings for radio & TV 2532: 1304:

registrant of a domain name that describes a product. Domain name registrants are generally easy to identify through

6404: 6115: 4816:

Hanafizadeh, P., & Behboudi, M. (2012). "Online advertising: An empirical study of web advertising dimensions."

3670: 1737:

or website. Infomercials describe and often demonstrate products, and commonly have testimonials from customers and

1492:) is used for advertising involving mass media; more targeted forms of advertising and promotion are referred to as 1400: 9864: 9305: 8347: 8311: 7092: 6921: 6533: 5934: 5774: 4860: 910:'s depiction of the interior of a late 19th century omnibus conspicuously shows the advertisements placed overhead. 7475:

Holbrook, Morris (November 1978). "Beyond Attitude Structure: Toward the Informational Determinants of Attitude".

9298: 9086: 8155: 7858:

Chandra, Ambarish, and Ulrich Kaiser. "Targeted advertising in magazine markets and the advent of the internet."

7545: 5900: 3524: 2756: 2664: 5632: 7965: 7440:

Koc, Erdogan (2002). "Impact of gender in marketing communications: the role of cognitive and affective cues".

6005: 5109: 5016: 4589: 3434: 2660: 1725:

This technique is especially used in televised sporting events. Virtual product placement is also possible. An

4982: 4909:

Culotta, Aron; Cutler, Jennifer (February 22, 2016). "Mining Brand Perceptions from Twitter Social Networks".

4497: 3938:"The Making of Modern Advertising. By Daniel Pope. (New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1983. ix + 340 pp. $ 18.95.)" 3330:(1926–2022) – advertising executive, author and credited with coining the term "positioning" in the late 1960s 1236:

by personalizing ads based on web browsing behavior. This has led to other similar efforts and an increase in

1075: 518:

Commercial advertisements often seek to generate increased consumption of their products or services through "

10666: 10502: 9525: 7227:

Shimizu, Koichi (2014) "Advertising Theory and Strategies", (Japanese) 18th edition, Souseisha Book Company (

6374: 4972:

Courtland L. Bovee, William F. Arens. Contemporary Advertising, Fourth Edition. Richard D. Irwin, Inc., 1992.

3499: 3361: 3008: 2473:. Crowdsourcing remains controversial, as the long-term impact on the advertising industry is still unclear. 2437: 1926:, which as a result contained many scenes in which Cadillac cars were used. Similarly, product placement for 1802: 1171:. Pioneering the concept of the music video, MTV ushered in a new type of advertising: the consumer tunes in 7563:

Chandler, Daniel; Griffiths, Merris (2010). "Gender-Differentiated Production Features in Toy Commercials".

2810:

have introduced an outright ban, with London also having specific legislation to control unlawful displays.

2705: 2092:

Advertising printed on small tangible items such as coffee mugs, T-shirts, pens, bags, and such is known as

1089:

In the early 1920s, the first radio stations were established by radio equipment manufacturers, followed by

10086: 8252: 6426:"Influence of gender stereotypes on advertising offensiveness and attitude toward advertising in general". 3697: 3454: 2503:

are maximized. Once one knows what works in an ad, that idea or ideas can be imported by any other market.

2226: 1152: 900:

biscuits were sold in 172 countries in 1900, and their global reach was reflected in their advertisements.

3071:

is the study of signs and how they are interpreted. Advertising has many hidden signs and meanings within

1221:" boom of the 1990s. Entire corporations operated solely on advertising revenue, offering everything from 530:. Advertising may also help to reassure employees or shareholders that a company is viable or successful. 10611: 10151: 9940: 9361: 9109: 8340: 7626: 6948: 4021: 3399: 3219: 2245: 1765:, radio has approximately 241.6 million weekly listeners, or more than 93 percent of the U.S. population. 527: 35: 3133:

orientation). Lastly, situational factors may be important to influence the elaboration of the message.

2121:

have advertised for multiple products including Pepsi, Candies from Kohl's, Twister, NASCAR, and Toyota.

1733:, so that the target sees the presentation and then immediately buys the product through the advertised 1412: 1079:

Advertisement for a live radio broadcast, sponsored by a milk company, Adohr milk, and published in the

754: 10318: 7253:

Shimizu, Koichi (2003) "Symbiotic Marketing Strategy", (Japanese) 4th edition, Souseisha Book Company.(

5235: 4139: 3469: 3309: 2595: 1798: 1782: 1734: 1417: 731: 422: 8098:

Saunders, Thomas J. "Selling under the Swastika: Advertising and Commercial Culture in Nazi Germany."

7673: 6830: 5554: 4105: 3312:(1911–1999) – pioneered the positioning concept and advocated of the use of brand image in advertising 2629:(EPGs), advertising on companion devices (like smartphones and tablets) during the show, and creating 965: 10446: 10258: 10121: 9611: 9066: 8427: 8174: 8046:

Liguori, Maria Chiara. "North and South: Advertising Prosperity in the Italian Economic Boom Years."

7870: 7315:

Advances in Advertising Research (Vol. VI): The Digital, the Classic, the Subtle, and the Alternative

7279: 6059: 4948: 3384: 3336:(1883–1979) – developed the Starch score method of measuring print media effectiveness (still in use) 3186: 3080: 3004: 2732: 2591: 1952: 1147: 846:

to become the poster girl for Pears, making her the first celebrity to endorse a commercial product.

7094:

Understanding Consumer Decision Making: The Means-end Approach To Marketing and Advertising Strategy

3282:– probably the first advertising agency to use mass media (i.e. telegraph) in a promotional campaign 3087:, or slogans. The underlying level is made up of hidden meanings. The combination of images, words, 1240:. Online advertising introduced new opportunities for targeting and engagement, with platforms like 10676: 10227: 10191: 9966: 8605: 8600: 6703: 4022:"Obituary, Thomas J. Barratt Dead: Chairman of the Firm of A. & F. Pears an Advertising Genius" 3154: 2694: 1738: 1703: 1596: 981: 927: 863: 790: 146: 10402: 5688: 4161: 4064:

A Dictionary of Catch Phrases: British and American, from the Sixteenth Century to the Present Day

1552:, magazines, newspapers, town criers, sides of buses, banners attached to or sides of airplanes (" 66: 10591: 10485: 10021: 9821: 9770: 9631: 9626: 9330: 9267: 8978: 8915: 8857: 8799: 8789: 8502: 8487: 8220: 8205:, over 7,000 U.S. and Canadian advertisements, dated 1911–1955, includes World War II propaganda. 6895: 5845: 4193: 4192:

Nakamura, Leonard I. (FRB); Samuels, Jon (BEA); Soloveichik, Rachel H. (BEA) (October 24, 2017).

3459: 3414: 3315: 3300:(1872–1948) – developed the first hierarchy of effects model (AIDA) used in sales and advertising 3137: 2784: 2193: 1890: 1237: 1090: 491: 437: 417: 402: 216: 191: 166: 106: 17: 6028: 3261:

Early 1900s – J. Henry ("Slogan") Smythe Jr of Philadelphia – "world's best known slogan writer"

2723:

While advertising can be seen as necessary for economic growth, it is not without social costs.

2296:– turning it into a generic term which means that its legal protection as a trademark is lost. 10561: 10556: 10471: 10441: 9482: 9354: 8983: 8679: 7380: 5820: 5353:"The radio industry's oldest on line magazine..featurning Radio Superstar morning show network" 3000: 2831: 2607: 1984: 1858: 1271: 932: 615: 523: 519: 226: 7731: 7422: 6089: 2508: 10621: 10596: 10581: 10512: 10497: 10332: 10298: 10221: 10206: 10091: 10006: 9831: 9250: 9202: 9182: 9101: 9091: 8875: 8759: 8296: 7972: 5402: 4505: 4475: 4426: 4248: 3912: 3906: 3794: 3597: 3571: 3509: 3439: 2712: 2655: 2539: 1774: 1557: 1505: 1489: 1192: 1156: 1047: 1028: 1010: 976:

Industry could not benefit from its increased productivity without a substantial increase in

919: 903: 784: 620: 412: 264: 176: 161: 58: 10216: 4396: 4365: 4331: 2663:, where advertising students create campaigns for real companies. Organizations such as the 2163: 10661: 10238: 10201: 10076: 10041: 9780: 9217: 9008: 8958: 8694: 8689: 8659: 8522: 8301: 8291: 3294:(1907–1991) – developed the field of motivational research, used extensively in advertising 3110: 3020: 2920:

which is the process of reaching the target market and convincing them to buy the product.

2622: 2587: 2377:

Another significant trend regarding future of advertising is the growing importance of the

2230: 1549: 1516:

Virtually any medium can be used for advertising. Commercial advertising media can include

1374: 897: 875: 747:" advertisements became a problem, which ushered in the regulation of advertising content. 655: 566: 427: 357: 319: 231: 211: 126: 90: 10101: 3751: 2516: 2512: 8: 10551: 10546: 10431: 10263: 10233: 10046: 10026: 9959: 9915: 9601: 9515: 9177: 9167: 9124: 8895: 8722: 8684: 8580: 8286: 8093: 6560:

Gussow, Joan (March 2, 1972). "Counternutritional Messages of TV Ads Aimed at Children".

4534: 3719:

Behal, Vikas; Sareen, Sania (2014). "Guerilla marketing: a low cost marketing strategy".

3279: 2799: 2776: 2772: 2454: 1922: 1894:

shoes several times, calling them "classics", because the film is set far in the future.

1806: 1721: 1675: 1662: 1497: 1262: 1167:

The late 1980s and early 1990s saw the introduction of cable television and particularly

814: 550: 377: 367: 304: 181: 121: 50: 31: 9727: 8184: 8105:

Short, John Phillip. "Advertising Empire: Race and Visual Culture in Imperial Germany."

7865:

Chen, Yongmin, and Chuan He. "Paid placement: Advertising and search on the internet*."

6673: 2240:

Some companies have proposed placing messages or corporate logos on the side of booster

2017: 889: 10571: 10392: 10323: 10283: 10146: 9894: 9836: 9760: 9672: 9662: 9585: 9499: 9477: 9391: 9288: 9051: 8950: 8940: 8890: 8809: 8590: 8585: 8477: 8363: 8316: 8202: 8020:

Raising consumers: Children and the American mass market in the early twentieth century

7580: 7492: 7457: 7186: 7184: 6511: 6482:"TV Advertising Effectiveness and Profitability: Generalizable Results From 288 Brands" 6462: 6223: 5137: 4799: 4749: 4509: 4250:

The Rise of the Tea Party: Political Discontent and Corporate Media in the Age of Obama

4029: 3965: 3449: 3190: 2996: 2897: 2551: 2543: 2500: 2492: 2334: 2308: 2277: 2215: 2132: 2126: 2068: 2003: 1931: 1818: 1623: 1610: 1451: 1293:. If the company grows and is sold, the media companies receive cash for their shares. 1233: 1225:

to free Internet access. At the turn of the 21st century, some websites, including the

1208: 1134: 1056: 1003: 907: 809: 804: 775: 763: 759: 659: 576: 484: 460: 397: 387: 382: 334: 186: 151: 8214: 8027:

Packaging the presidency: A history and criticism of presidential campaign advertising

6573: 4695: 2381:

using niche or targeted ads. Also brought about by the Internet and the theory of the

1299:

registrants (usually those who register and renew domains as an investment) sometimes

959: 697:

used to print posters in the form of a square sheet of paper with a rabbit logo with "

10541: 10412: 10407: 10364: 10308: 10278: 10243: 10186: 10051: 9874: 9692: 9667: 9580: 9487: 9467: 9431: 9411: 9396: 9197: 9134: 8910: 8880: 8842: 8837: 8832: 8737: 8717: 8575: 8560: 8512: 8457: 8306: 7995: 7936: 7813: 7748: 7584: 7527: 7461: 7359: 7254: 7228: 7211: 7192: 7137: 7127: 7098: 7074: 7035: 6804: 6621: 6515: 6503: 6311: 5850: 5800: 5754: 5592: 5562: 5533: 5508: 5439: 5382: 5115: 5105: 5022: 5012: 4926: 4835: 4803: 4791: 4741: 4699: 4648: 4585: 4542: 4402: 4371: 4337: 4254: 3957: 3916: 3821: 3514: 3474: 3409: 3339: 3318:(1872–1942) – regarded as the pioneer of the use of marketing research in advertising 3297: 3285: 3255: 3248: 3227: 2963: 2744: 2728: 2716: 2634: 2571: 2391: 2327: 2293: 1830: 1716: 1267: 1226: 1180: 1081: 977: 944: 861:

Becoming the company's brand manager in 1865, listed as the first of its kind by the

834: 830: 829:

The late 19th and early 20th centuries saw the rise of modern advertising, driven by

751:

half of the daily newspapers in the 1810s using the word "advertiser" in their name.

740: 727: 690: 667: 538: 470: 339: 314: 309: 284: 201: 196: 42: 6756: 6466: 5840: 4753: 1970:

includes some of the most obvious product placement; the whole film stops to show a

1392:

Paying people to hold signs is one of the oldest forms of advertising, as with this

10631: 10606: 10601: 10507: 10397: 10359: 10354: 10313: 10303: 10293: 10253: 10071: 10056: 9920: 9889: 9842: 9785: 9750: 9722: 9697: 9641: 9575: 9421: 9406: 9335: 9159: 9139: 9041: 9003: 8988: 8779: 8754: 8628: 8610: 8570: 8467: 8382: 7805: 7572: 7546:"Female Celebrities Still Can't Break Through the Glass Ceiling of Voice-over Work" 7519: 7484: 7449: 7336: 6569: 6538: 6493: 6454: 6301: 6291: 6146: 4918: 4891: 4787: 4783: 4733: 4691: 4110: 3949: 3494: 3489: 3394: 3223: 2992: 2984: 2842: 2488: 2482: 2289: 2147: 2106: 2045: 2033: 1834: 1810: 1730: 1525: 1290: 1286: 1184: 935:

shows a rise in audio-visual and digital advertising at the expense of print media.

465: 362: 299: 289: 269: 254: 221: 206: 171: 156: 136: 9535: 8226: 8208: 8142:

Air Wars: Television Advertising and Social Media in Election Campaigns, 1952–2012

7781:

Printer," is a Craftsman, Father of Advertising in America, Editor, Publisher ..."

7576: 7126:. Baack, Donald. (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. 6725: 3258:(1841–1914) of London – called "the father of modern advertising" by T.F.G. Coates 3109:

plays a key influence on the way in which signs are interpreted. When considering

1468: 1179:

or afterthought. As cable and satellite television became increasingly prevalent,

636: 10626: 10616: 10586: 10492: 10126: 10036: 9930: 9795: 9765: 9717: 9494: 9325: 9310: 9255: 9076: 8852: 8699: 8674: 8639: 8482: 8321: 8196: 8191: 7877: 7777: 7738: 7680: 7027: 6265:"Intel launches 500 drones into sky and breaks world record in spectacular style" 5985: 5719: 5618: 5311: 5166: 4895: 4621: 4482: 4433: 4313: 3606: 3580: 3519: 3504: 3479: 3404: 3173: 2980: 2748: 2736: 2504: 2395: 2357:

US newspaper advertising revenue, Newspaper Association of America published data

2304: 2273: 2172: 1880: 1636: 1573: 1545: 1473: 1455: 1393: 870: 455: 329: 131: 8185:

Hartman Center for Sales, Advertising & Marketing History at Duke University

8169: 2084:

and advertisements in such places as shopping carts and in-store video displays.

10344: 10288: 10268: 10106: 10061: 10016: 10011: 9755: 9737: 9702: 9657: 9636: 9520: 9207: 9071: 9056: 9018: 8998: 8935: 8774: 8749: 8654: 8537: 8517: 8472: 8450: 7992:

Captains of Consciousness: Advertising and the Social Roots of Consumer Culture

7510:

Silverman, Julian; King, Catherine (1970). "Pseudoperceptual differentiation".

5612:

Advanced Advertising Is Delivering More Data, Better Targeting … but What Else?

4882:

Bigat, Ekrem Cetin (January 1, 2012). "Guerrilla Advertisement and Marketing".

4194:"Measuring the "Free" Digital Economy Within the GDP and Productivity Accounts" 4059: 3484: 3444: 3303: 3291: 2760: 2752: 2563: 2419: 2400: 2312: 2281: 2156: 2118: 2110: 1778: 1460: 1428: 1300: 1270:, having consumers vote through text messages, and various campaigns utilizing 1218: 1063: 1013: 985: 843: 675: 671: 558: 554: 546: 372: 7453: 6779:"What happens if an advertisement is displayed without the necessary consent?" 6534:"The Crisis of Attention Theft—Ads That Steal Your Time for Nothing in Return" 6458: 5901:"Pepsi's bus stop ad in London might be the best use of augmented reality yet" 5290:"Advertising's Twilight Zone: That Signpost Up Ahead May Be a Virtual Product" 5185: 5183: 3739:

Advertising in Rural India: Language, Marketing Communication, and Consumerism

837:

of London has been called "the father of modern advertising". Working for the

689:

In ancient China, the earliest advertising known was oral, as recorded in the

10655: 10576: 10451: 10369: 10273: 10141: 10111: 10081: 9826: 9805: 9401: 9377: 9315: 9272: 9081: 9061: 8900: 8644: 8492: 8397: 8237: 7846:

Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective

6507: 6315: 5854: 5566: 4930: 4839: 4795: 4745: 4703: 4501: 3996:

Brand failures: the truth about the 100 biggest branding mistakes of all time

3961: 3333: 3321: 3265: 3182: 3177: 2976: 2957: 2893: 2887: 2641: 2555: 2466: 2458: 2427:

held the "Crash the Super Bowl" contest, allowing people to create their own

2413: 2265: 2152: 2072: 1912: 1790: 1745: 1688: 1569: 1196: 989: 849: 779: 771: 624:

Bronze plate for printing an advertisement for the Liu family needle shop at

580: 537:

businesses were among the first to employ large-scale advertising campaigns.

407: 294: 7803: 7698:"Ads That Empower Women Don't Just Break Stereotypes—They're Also Effective" 7300:

See, for instance: Panton, M. McB. (1936), "The Master Adman Nobody Knows",

7141: 5119: 5026: 4856: 4614: 4523:

From Séance to Science: A History of the Profession of Psychology in America

3671:"Not the 'Big Four' Holding Firms in Adland Anymore – Now It's the Big Five" 2203:

Online advertising began with unsolicited bulk e-mail advertising known as "

1289:, advertising is not sold, but provided to start-up companies in return for 10522: 10476: 10456: 10387: 10248: 10196: 10031: 9935: 9925: 9707: 9616: 9606: 9472: 9446: 9320: 9240: 9235: 9119: 8963: 8905: 8885: 8392: 6443:"Advertising morality: maintaining moral worth in a stigmatized profession" 5180: 4922: 4737: 3375: 3038:

data. This may take the form of A/B split-testing or multivariate testing.

3027: 2972: 2625:. Other strategies include integrating advertising with internet-connected 2378: 2353: 2338: 2114: 2093: 1966: 1943: 1709: 838: 723: 694: 679: 629: 542: 8034:

Advertising progress: American business and the rise of consumer marketing

7531: 6280:"Promoting Adolescents' Moral Advertising Literacy in Secondary Education" 3272: 3149:

tend to respond better to objective marketing-communications claims while

3049:

System are competing examples of post-testing advertising research types.

2807: 1038: 10641: 10426: 10349: 10166: 10116: 10066: 9800: 9621: 9530: 9451: 9212: 9172: 9023: 8930: 8925: 8794: 8784: 8769: 8595: 8565: 8412: 7987: 7790:

T F G Coates: 'Mr Thomas J Barratt, "The father of modern advertising"',

5473:"Ten Years Later – Lessons from the Applied Semantics Google Acquisition" 4494: 3424: 3419: 3389: 3130: 3072: 3042: 2724: 2630: 2598:

in Australia and has been referred to as "a revolution in the ad world".

2496:

executions, producing local executions, and importing ideas that travel.

2470: 2445:

that encourages consumers to participate in the label design themselves.

2386: 2366: 2362: 2257: 2204: 2168: 1814: 1726: 1423: 1408:

in Singapore. Buses and other vehicles are popular media for advertisers.

1296: 1285:

The advertising business model has also been adapted in recent years. In

274: 141: 46: 8055:

A Word from Our Sponsor: Admen, Advertising, and the Golden Age of Radio

6296: 6279: 4645:

Brought to You By: Postwar Television Advertising and the American Dream

632:

China. It is the world's earliest identified printed advertising medium.

10461: 10436: 10374: 10161: 9982: 9879: 9712: 9563: 9436: 9416: 9293: 9192: 9149: 9114: 9033: 8973: 8867: 8804: 8623: 8507: 8497: 8422: 8407: 8402: 8377: 7982:

But Wait, There's More!: A History of Australian Advertising, 1900–2000

7945:

Splendora, Anthony. "Discourse", a Review of Vestergaard and Schrøder,

7891:

HardcoverThe Routledge Companion to Advertising and Promotional Culture

7853:

Television and Political Advertising: Volume I: Psychological Processes

7496: 6306: 3969: 3189:

that are creating commercials to portray more natural women, with less

3098: 3094: 3046: 2815: 2528: 2450: 2442: 2342: 2234: 2140: 2037: 1947: 1900: 1885: 1872:

logo clearly written in the top corner, or his watch engraved with the

1863: 1794: 1713: 1561: 1541: 1533: 1521: 1481: 1444: 1176: 1120: 1111: 707: 640: 432: 8244: 6498: 6481: 2184:

A new advertising approach is known as advanced advertising, which is

1983:

journals on very specialized topics. One form of print advertising is

10636: 10566: 10536: 10466: 10211: 10156: 10131: 10096: 9859: 9568: 9441: 9426: 9013: 8993: 8968: 8847: 8819: 8732: 8669: 8555: 8417: 8387: 8332: 8114:

Soap, sex, and cigarettes: A cultural history of American advertising

8006:

The mirror makers: A history of American advertising and its creators

7523: 3620:"Carat Predicts Positive Outlook in 2016 with Global Growth of +4.7%" 3573:

Tobacco Control: Comparative Politics in the United States and Canada

3429: 3231: 3160: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3068: 3058: 2988: 2945: 2618:, means the company will receive additional profits from these sets. 2575: 2462: 2432: 2382: 2316: 2050: 2029: 2022: 1971: 1786: 1565: 1537: 1529: 1380: 1214: 893: 854: 392: 324: 81: 8062:

Shoveling smoke: Advertising and globalization in contemporary India

7488: 7185:

Schultz, Don E; Tannenbaum, Stanley I; Lauterborn, Robert F (1993),

6001: 3953: 2390:

and more effective for companies' marketing products. Among others,

2326:

A new promotion concept has appeared, "ARvertising", advertising on

1829:

Domain name advertising is most commonly done through pay per click

9775: 9144: 8920: 8744: 8727: 8664: 8527: 8445: 8437: 7340: 5621:

Published by adweek.com on April 19, 2018, retrieved March 27, 2019

5435:

Get Rich Click!: The Ultimate Guide to Making Money on the Internet

3235: 3215: 3142: 3114: 2780: 2361:

With the Internet came many new advertising opportunities. Pop-up,

2285: 2269: 1927: 1917: 1762: 1649: 1384:

An advertisement for a diner. Such signs are common on storefronts.

1275: 1245: 952: 744: 683: 588: 564:

Worldwide spending on advertising in 2015 amounted to an estimated

5961: 5775:"SHAPING THE FUTURE MOBILE INFORMATION SOCIETY: THE CASE OF JAPAN" 5104:(5th ed.). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 425, 426. 5011:(5th ed.). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 424, 425. 4539:

Educators and the Battle for Control of U.S. Broadcasting, 1928–35

3721:

International Journal of Management Research and Business Strategy

2057: 718: 10517: 10379: 9884: 9790: 9745: 9260: 9245: 9129: 9046: 8764: 8532: 8462: 8041:

Fables of abundance: A cultural history of advertising in America

7912:

The Principles of Advertising: concepts and trends in advertising

7839:

Contemporary Advertising: And Integrated Marketing Communications

6480:

Shapiro, Bradley T.; Hitsch, Günter J.; Tuchman, Anna E. (2021).

6375:"Slashdot | ISP Operator Barry Shein Answers Spam Questions" 5589:

Celebrity Endorsement: The Key Success Factors of Brand Endorsers

3327: 3211: 3064: 2611: 2428: 2424: 2261: 2136: 1874: 1553: 1388: 1279: 948: 663: 651: 584: 111: 9346: 6645:"Harris-sponsored Google ads suggest publishers are on her side" 5352: 5041:"Why we no longer speak of above and below-the-line advertising" 10171: 9187: 8088:

Presbrey, Frank. "The history and development of advertising."

7124:

Integrated advertising, promotion, and marketing communications

6588:"First Lady to Food Companies: Make Healthier Ads for Kids Now" 6529: 4830:

Fry, Erika (February 1, 2018). "Super Bowl Ads Can't Save TV".

3355: 3198: 3150: 3106: 2633:

for TV programs. Additionally, some like brands have opted for

2567: 2436:

winning ad that aired in the 2009 Super Bowl was ranked by the

2320: 2300: 2241: 2063: 1838: 1432: 1405: 1256: 1241: 1229: 1222: 1103: 1099: 1095: 939: 596: 116: 8229:, documents advertising of medical and pharmaceutical products 8128:

The Story of Advertising in Canada: A Chronicle of Fifty Years

3369: 2912:

represents the process of determining the value of a product.

9951: 9227: 8827: 7271: 7058:

Originally developed in the personal-selling literature, the

3088: 3084: 2900:

in the 1960s. It consists of four basic elements called the "

2667:

establish companies with students to create these campaigns.

2559: 2547: 2253: 2219: 2041: 1961: 1868: 1757: 1517: 1305: 1107: 818: 698: 625: 279: 259: 71: 7655:

Splendora, "Discourse", Review of Vestergaard and Schrøder,

4294:

Sex sells!: The media's journey from repression to obsession

3647:"Plummeting Newspaper Ad Revenue Sparks New Wave of Changes" 3193:, so more women and young girls are able to relate to them. 8709: 8083:

The advertising book: The history of advertising in Ireland

7900:(2004), cultural and sociological approaches to advertising 7163: 6332:

Student-Run Advertising Agency: A Showcase for Student Work

5304: 3234:

provides free content by receiving funding from charitable

3146: 3076: 2951: 2418:

The concept of crowdsourcing has given way to the trend of

2197: 2185: 1935: 1906: 1308:

records that are publicly available at registrar websites.

1252: 1067:

advertising technique of a direct command to the consumer.

713: 534: 6831:"Billboard ban in São Paulo angers advertisers – Americas" 4944: 4191: 2233:

campaigns. A particular feature driving mobile ads is the

6727:

Advertising Standards Authority of South Africa: About Us

6591: 6060:"'Two nobodies from nowhere' craft winning Super Bowl ad" 3911:. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. p. 3121:). Second, the characteristics of individuals can affect 2626: 1939: 1564:

or overhead storage bins, taxicab doors, roof mounts and

1188: 1168: 8241:, a 2009 documentary film about the advertising industry 7674:"The Influence of Gender on Mood Effects in Advertising" 7509: 7313:

Peeter Verlegh, Hilde Voorveld, and Martin Eisend, eds.

6699: 4058: 3555:

Beauty Imagined: A History of the Global Beauty Industry

824: 6442: 6278:

Adams, Britt; Schellens, Tammy; Valcke, Martin (2017).

6090:"Crowdsourcing: Everything Old Is New Again, and Again" 5988:"Comcast Spotlight website". Retrieved October 5, 2006. 3820:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 227–228. 3273:

Influential thinkers in advertising theory and practice

553:

in the 1920s, most significantly with the campaigns of

8015:(Harvard University Press, 2005), In the United States 5633:"Attribution Data Points to TV Ads Driving More Sales" 5160:"Executive summary: Advertising Expenditure Forecasts" 2783:

imposed in many countries, as well as the bans around

2394:

is one such advertiser employing this method in their

2225:

More advanced mobile ads include banner ads, coupons,

1916:

logos clearly displayed on the front of the vehicles.

1504:(TTL) began to come into use, referring to integrated 643:

LEL flyer from 1806 for a traditional medicine called

57:. For information about advertising on Knowledge, see 7919:

Sex in advertising: Perspectives on the erotic appeal

7600:

Understanding the Consumer – A Psychological Approach

5379:

Impacts of Online Advertising on Business Performance

3645:

Vranica, Suzanne; Marshall, Jack (October 20, 2016).

3241: 2679: 1141: 7091:

Reynolds, Thomas J.; Olson, Jerry C. (May 1, 2001).

6479: 6277: 3351: 2710:"More Doctors Smoke Camels than Any Other Cigarette" 2013:

pictured here, are usually placed in busy locations.

5996: 5994: 5071:"Through The Line Marketing – Let's Have That Chat" 2229:picture and video messages, advergames and various 1878:logo. Another example of advertising in film is in 1033:

American Association of Foreign Language Newspapers

8071:(Pearson Australia, 2014), Australian perspectives 7804:William Hart and his graduate students in MCM510. 6951:. Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. 6667: 6665: 6352:How to start and succeed in a business of your own 5376: 5213:"Yes, A Super Bowl Ad Really Is Worth $ 4 Million" 5136:. Socialbilitty. February 17, 2017. Archived from 4525:. 118–121. California: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning. 4160: 3669: 3167: 3067:and symbols that are encoded in everyday objects. 1162: 30:Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see 7627:"Advertising Sets Impossible Standards for Women" 7562: 6805:"How the Highway Beautification Act Became a Law" 5555:"Phelps Disciplined Over Marijuana Pipe Incident" 4820:, 14(2), 301-313. DOI: 10.1007/s10796-010-9270-6. 4162:"History Cook: the rise of the chocolate biscuit" 2644:has recently been used for advertising purposes. 1866:'s character John Anderton owns a phone with the 10653: 8126:Stephenson, Harry Edward, and Carlton McNaught. 7121: 5991: 5907:. The Verge, Jacob Kastrenakes. March 25, 2014. 4857:"Annual U.S. Advertising Expenditure Since 1919" 4307:Ethics in advertising: sex sells, but should it? 3900: 3898: 3592: 3590: 3566: 3564: 3251:(1706–1790) – "father of advertising in America" 3063:Meanings between consumers and marketers depict 2908:is the first P representing the actual product. 1536:, mobile telephone screens, shopping carts, web 1217:, online advertising grew, contributing to the " 1175:the advertising message, rather than it being a 1062:In the 1920s, psychologists Walter D. Scott and 963:A print advertisement for the 1913 issue of the 515:the most common being commercial advertisement. 10137:Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought 6662: 6116:"Zooppa.com, Inc.: Private Company Information" 5425: 4719:"Electronic Commerce Beyond the "dot com" Boom" 4318:Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues 3644: 7905:Advertising & IMC: Principles and Practice 7565:Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 7356:Persuasive Signs: The Semiotics of Advertising 6671: 5254: 5236:"Digitally inserted ads pop up more in sports" 3584:down the street demanding the right to smoke." 2836: 9967: 9362: 8348: 8260: 7966:History of advertising § Further reading 7917:Reichert, Tom, and Jacqueline Lambiase, eds. 7884:Negative political advertising: Coming of age 7882:Johnson-Cartee, Karen S., and Gary Copeland. 7512:Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 7405: 7090: 5191:"A Super Bowl Ad Really Is Worth $ 4 Million" 5134:"Commercial Acting – Science of the Business" 4908: 4681: 4419: 3895: 3668:Parekh, Rupal; Patel, Kunur (July 12, 2012). 3599:Suing the Tobacco and Lead Pigment Industries 3587: 3561: 3079:, package designs, print advertisements, and 2067:newspaper advertised to its target market at 2021:Hoardings as seen on commercial buildings in 492: 7953:Vol. 15, No. 4 (Dec. 1986), pp. 445–449 7889:McAllister, Matthew P. and Emily West, eds. 5841:"CW Will Try A New Ad Idea: 'Content Wraps'" 5527: 4773: 4185: 3998:, Kogan Page Publishers, 2005, pp. 219, 266. 3030:) and post-testing of ads and/or campaigns. 1960:", the main transport vehicle shows a large 1749:A television commercial being filmed in 1948 1496:(BTL). The two terms date back to 1954 when 770:In August 1859, British pharmaceutical firm 526:may use free modes of persuasion, such as a 7818:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 6872:. Department of Revenue, Washington State. 6171:Global marketing Management, 2004, pp. 13–8 5528:Kotler, Philip; Keller, Kevin Lane (2012). 5502: 5377:Semerádová, Tereza; Weinlich, Petr (2019). 4359: 4357: 3778:Chinese Business: Landscapes and Strategies 3718: 3667: 3622:. Carat. September 22, 2015. Archived from 2522: 2341:), and the pervasiveness of mass messages ( 2333:Controversy exists on the effectiveness of 1027:Advertising was also used as a vehicle for 984:" into the desire to purchase commodities. 9974: 9960: 9369: 9355: 8355: 8341: 8267: 8253: 7423:"Semiotic analysis of iPod Advertisements" 7358:. Berlin: Walter deGruyter GmbH & KG. 7304:, Vol.27, (September 10, 1936), pp.32, 46. 7025: 7001:"Display of Prices for Goods and Services" 6781:. PlanningGuidance.PlanningPortal.gov.uk. 6440: 6377:. Interviews.slashdot.org. March 3, 2003. 6147:"Are Consumer-Generated Ads Here to Stay?" 4937: 4130: 4128: 3612: 3342:– one of the earliest advertising agencies 1720:million was charged for a 60-second spot. 1202: 923:Advertisement for Guy's Tonic in the 1900s 817:extended the services of his news agency, 499: 485: 7926:Controversies in contemporary advertising 6497: 6441:Cohen, Andrew C.; Dromi, Shai M. (2018). 6305: 6295: 6144: 5838: 5717: 5630: 5431: 5314:. Ecommercetimes.com. February 23, 2006. 4884:Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 4401:. New York: Pantheon Books. p. 373. 4370:. New York: Pantheon Books. p. 367. 4336:. New York: Pantheon Books. p. 375. 3889:Oxford Treasury of Sayings and Quotations 3886: 3839: 3837: 3548: 3546: 1958:Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer 662:displays have been found in the ruins of 654:to make sales messages and wall posters. 7844:Belch, George E., and Michael A. Belch. 7806:"Introduction to Mass Media/Advertising" 7766: 7764: 7474: 7178: 7154: 6057: 5959: 5794: 5503:Nelson, Richard; Sykes, Anthony (2013). 5233: 5227: 4983:"Examples of Below-the-Line Advertising" 4968: 4966: 4602:Historical Dictionary of American Radio, 4560:Historical Dictionary of American Radio, 4354: 4246: 3904: 2704: 2352: 2162: 2146: 2139:to create or display advertising media. 2056: 2016: 1997: 1817:. A newer form of online advertising is 1744: 1532:, radio, cinema and television adverts, 1467: 1450: 1438: 1422: 1411: 1399: 1387: 1379: 1315: 1074: 1037: 958: 938: 926: 918: 902: 869: 848: 789: 753: 717: 714:18th-19th century: Newspaper Advertising 635: 619: 65: 49:. For the QI episode "Advertising", see 8274: 8135:Adland: a global history of advertising 8036:(Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001.) 7931:Vestergaard, Torben and Schrøder, Kim. 7353: 7169: 7111:from the original on February 16, 2017. 6955:from the original on September 13, 2016 6928:from the original on September 13, 2016 6902:from the original on September 18, 2016 6680:from the original on September 24, 2016 6642: 6216: 6026: 5923: 5839:Steinberg, Brian (September 13, 2006). 5586: 4562:Greenwood Publishing Group, 1998 pp 7–9 4277: 4125: 3891:. Oxford University Press. p. 478. 3863:"When Beecham put St Helens on the map" 2540:desired international public perception 2179: 1904:also showcase futuristic cars with the 1572:(grabertising), the opening section of 1070: 1018:Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce 931:Advertising revenue as a percent of US 14: 10672:Promotion and marketing communications 10654: 8362: 7903:Moriarty, Sandra, and Nancy Mitchell. 7808:. Norfolk State University: Wikibooks. 7378: 7157:Basic Marketing. A Managerial Approach 7003:. Citizens Information. May 31, 2016. 6898:. Travel Industry Council of Ontario. 6841:from the original on February 26, 2014 6718: 6559: 6522: 6349: 6189: 6070:from the original on December 27, 2009 6039:from the original on February 17, 2010 6008:from the original on February 18, 2010 6002:"Who's Buying What at Super Bowl 2007" 5827:from the original on January 15, 2010. 5751:A Brief History of Science with Levity 5748: 5668:from the original on November 13, 2015 5479:from the original on December 14, 2014 5413:from the original on September 6, 2015 5287: 5234:McCarthy, Michael (October 17, 2002). 4951:from the original on December 20, 2014 4859:. Galbithink.org. September 14, 2008. 4642: 4528: 4173:from the original on December 10, 2022 3990: 3988: 3935: 3855: 3834: 3678:from the original on February 15, 2015 3557:. Oxford University Press. p. 81. 3543: 2659:model for teaching advertising is the 1435:ads at Ingolstadt main railway station 787:, Lancashire, the founder's hometown. 9955: 9350: 8336: 8248: 7837:Arens, William, and Michael Weigold. 7761: 7745:Social Media: A Critical Introduction 7742: 7597: 7552:from the original on October 9, 2015. 7420: 7410:. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter & Co. 7395:from the original on August 16, 2011. 6981:from the original on November 5, 2016 6870:"Advertising – Tax Included in Price" 6636: 6328: 6126:from the original on October 19, 2017 6058:Horovitz, Bruce (December 31, 2009). 5753:. Troubador Publishing. p. 301. 5720:"This is the World's First Banner Ad" 5552: 5505:Outdoor Advertising (RLE Advertising) 5498: 5496: 5494: 5470: 5464: 5223:from the original on October 2, 2017. 5201:from the original on October 2, 2017. 5099: 5006: 4963: 4881: 4763:from the original on October 9, 2022. 4604:Greenwood Publishing Group, 1998, p.8 4394: 4363: 4329: 3731: 3552: 3153:tend to respond better to subjective 1447:bus with an advertisement on its side 1183:emerged, including channels entirely 947:advertisement about a cruise between 825:Late 19th century: Modern Advertising 686:paintings that date back to 4000 BC. 674:advertising on papyrus was common in 557:, considered the founder of modern, " 8069:Advertising: Principles and practice 8008:(University of Illinois Press, 1984) 7326: 7032:Encyclopedia of Communication Theory 7026:Littlejohn, Stephen W., ed. 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Advertising Standards Authority. 6702:. Advertising Standards Authority. 6676:. Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 6672:UK_advertising (January 15, 2016). 6598:from the original on April 27, 2015 6339:from the original on July 24, 2009. 6198:from the original on March 27, 2009 6153:from the original on April 26, 2010 5911:from the original on March 25, 2014 5730:from the original on April 21, 2016 5699:from the original on April 25, 2016 5689:"The History of Online Advertising" 5591:. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing. 5452:from the original on April 15, 2015 5336: 5242:from the original on March 27, 2009 4829: 4415:from the original on June 17, 2016. 3985: 3465:Integrated marketing communications 1472:Advertising man pasting a bill for 802:In June 1836, the French newspaper 762:: Worth a guinea a box", the first 27:Form of communication for marketing 24: 7830: 7429:from the original on May 21, 2013. 7406:Umiker-Sebeok, Donna Jean (1987). 7048:from the original on June 27, 2014 6734:from the original on March 3, 2016 6528: 6231:from the original on June 6, 2009. 6145:Moskowitz, Robert (May 10, 2006). 5797:Mass Commnunication and Journalism 5718:Wasserman, Todd (August 9, 2013). 5686: 5553:Macur, Juliet (February 6, 2009). 5491: 5438:. Free Press, Simon and Schuster. 5318:from the original on March 3, 2009 5300:from the original on July 9, 2017. 5265:. globeandmail.com. Archived from 5077:. November 5, 2013. Archived from 5047:. January 17, 2018. Archived from 4863:from the original on April 1, 2009 4153: 2701:Racial stereotyping in advertising 2680:Sales promotions and brand loyalty 2581: 2372: 2222:delivered billions of mobile ads. 1712:during popular events. The annual 1142:Commercial television in the 1950s 25: 10688: 9376: 8149: 8076:Advertising in Britain: a history 8022:(Columbia University Press, 2013) 7034:. Vol. 1. SAGE. p. 19. 6811:from the original on June 4, 2009 6700:"Advertising Standards Authority" 6643:Fischer, Sara (August 13, 2024). 5962:"Will John Henry Save the Globe?" 5631:Lafayette, Jon (March 26, 2018). 4384:from the original on May 2, 2016. 4350:from the original on May 6, 2016. 4078:"When Celebrity Endorsers Go Bad" 3752:"Commercial Advertising in China" 3698:"Latin Word Study Tool - adverto" 2601: 2533:International tourism advertising 1884:, where main character played by 1311: 45:. For the English punk band, see 9865:Concentration of media ownership 8312:Mobile phone content advertising 8217:, vintage television commercials 8090:Advertising & Society Review 8048:Advertising & Society Review 7797: 7784: 7725: 7716: 7690: 7666: 7649: 7619: 7606: 7591: 7556: 7538: 7503: 7468: 7433: 7414: 7399: 7372: 7347: 7329:The Journal of Consumer Research 7320: 7307: 7294: 7264: 7247: 7238: 7221: 7204: 7148: 7115: 7084: 7067: 7019: 6993: 6967: 6940: 6914: 6888: 6862: 6853: 6823: 6797: 6771: 6753:"About Regulation Our Framework" 6745: 6692: 6610: 6580: 6553: 6473: 6434: 6419: 6393: 6367: 6358: 6343: 6322: 6271: 6257: 6235: 6210: 6183: 6174: 6165: 6138: 6108: 6082: 6051: 6020: 5972: 5937:. March 14, 2012. Archived from 5935:Newspaper Association of America 5288:Lubell, Sam (October 15, 2017). 4136:"Huntley & Palmers Biscuits" 3368: 3354: 3125:and elaboration of the message ( 2881: 2476: 2407: 2002:Outdoor advertisements, such as 1920:chose to advertise in the movie 1773:Online advertising is a form of 1050:of the J. Walter Thompson Agency 8999:Party platforms (or manifestos) 8199:Libraries Digital Collections: 8029:(Oxford University Press, 1996) 7994:. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1976. 7935:Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1985. 7898:Advertising: a cultural economy 7097:. Psychology Press. p. 3. 6329:Avery, James (August 1, 1992). 5953: 5893: 5868: 5832: 5813: 5788: 5767: 5742: 5711: 5680: 5650: 5624: 5605: 5580: 5546: 5521: 5471:Elbaz, Eytan (April 22, 2013). 5395: 5370: 5345: 5330: 5281: 5205: 5169:. December 2015. Archived from 5152: 5126: 5093: 5063: 5033: 5000: 4975: 4902: 4875: 4849: 4823: 4810: 4767: 4710: 4675: 4661: 4636: 4626: 4607: 4594: 4574: 4565: 4552: 4515: 4488: 4464: 4451: 4438: 4388: 4323: 4299: 4286: 4271: 4240: 4227: 4214: 4098: 4070: 3976: 3929: 3880: 3809: 3783: 3770: 3744: 3525:World Federation of Advertisers 3205: 3168:Gender effects on comprehension 2793:Advertising Standards Authority 2665:American Advertising Federation 2606:The ability to record shows on 1528:components, printed flyers and 1163:Cable television from the 1980s 914: 9981: 8137:(Kogan Page Publishers, 2007.) 7218:C3034 P3980E) pp. 63–102. 6562:Journal of Nutrition Education 6247:realitytvmagazine.sheknows.com 5960:Schwartz, Jason (March 2014). 5658:"How Americans get their news" 4788:10.1080/00913367.2005.10639191 4541:, Rich Media, Poor Democracy, 4508:, "A skin you love to touch", 4033:. April 27, 1914. p. 11. 3936:Norton, Nancy P. (July 1984). 3712: 3690: 3661: 3638: 3435:Direct-to-consumer advertising 2661:student-run advertising agency 13: 1: 10503:Critique of political economy 8227:Medicine & Madison Avenue 8064:(Duke University Press, 2003) 7794:, September 1908, pp 107–115. 7577:10.1207/s15506878jobem4403_10 7477:Journal of Marketing Research 7174:. Oxford, England: Heinemann. 6574:10.1016/S0022-3182(72)80136-5 5403:"What is Native Advertising?" 5312:"Welcome to E-Commerce Times" 4818:Information Systems Frontiers 4696:10.1016/S0148-2963(96)00062-8 4647:. University of Texas Press. 4305:Jessica Dawn Blair, et al., " 3908:Graphic Design: A New History 3905:Eskilson, Stephen J. (2007). 3531: 3500:Performance-based advertising 3362:Business and economics portal 2923:In the 1990s, the concept of 2818:limiting the use of English. 2766: 2725:Unsolicited commercial e-mail 2688: 2438:USA Today Super Bowl Ad Meter 2071:with a sailboat billboard on 2007: 1803:online classified advertising 879: 70:1948 print advertisement for 10087:History of capitalist theory 9087:Rally 'round the flag effect 8175:Resources in other libraries 7959: 7933:The Language of Advertising. 7672:Martin, Brett A. S. (2003), 7155:McCarthy, Jerome E. (1964). 6835:International Herald Tribune 6755:. ASA.org.uk. Archived from 6618:"Misleading Ads – be Wary!!" 6192:"USA Today, October 9, 2005" 4896:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.08.281 4834:(mailed print edition): 12. 4684:Journal of Business Research 4643:Samuel, Lawrence R. (2009). 4140:Victoria & Albert Museum 3455:History of Advertising Trust 3191:post production manipulation 3052: 2647: 2227:Multimedia Messaging Service 1946:cars are featured in recent 1153:The United States Steel Hour 1046:version of the famous ad by 857:advertisement from the 1890s 7: 7947:The Language of Advertising 7869:121#556 (2011): F309–F328. 7657:The Language of Advertising 7614:The Language of Advertising 6947:ACCC (September 11, 2012). 6859:Bhatia and Ritchie 2006:542 6401:"How Marketers Target Kids" 5821:"Overview of Trademark Law" 3727:– via Google Scholar. 3400:Bibliography of advertising 3347: 3111:gender roles in advertising 3014: 2837:Hierarchy-of-effects models 2670: 2640:The emerging technology of 2246:International Space Station 1783:search engine results pages 1777:that uses the Internet and 1458:displaying advertising for 778:: "Beechams Pills: Worth a 528:public service announcement 36:Advertiser (disambiguation) 10: 10693: 7963: 7862:60.7 (2014) pp: 1829–1843. 7776:December 27, 2022, at the 7737:December 27, 2022, at the 7612:Vestergaard and Schrøder, 7602:. London: Macmillan Press. 7379:Pinson, Christian (1998). 7172:Business for Higher Awards 7060:hierarchy-of-effects model 6896:"Advertising Requirements" 6029:"Do-It-Yourself Super Ads" 4312:February 24, 2021, at the 4247:DiMaggio, Anthony (2012). 4011:, Routledge, 2002, p. 510. 3470:List of advertising awards 3056: 3018: 2943:) and Shimizu's four Cs ( 2896:was proposed by professor 2885: 2840: 2829: 2804:Highway Beautification Act 2733:internet service providers 2698: 2692: 2526: 2480: 2411: 1799:Social network advertising 1735:toll-free telephone number 1418:East Coast Park, Singapore 1206: 732:Victoria and Albert Museum 613: 609: 423:Promotional representative 40: 29: 10530: 10484: 10447:Labour market flexibility 10420: 10331: 10180: 10122:Multinational corporation 9999: 9989: 9908: 9852: 9814: 9736: 9685: 9650: 9594: 9551: 9544: 9508: 9460: 9384: 9281: 9226: 9158: 9100: 9032: 8949: 8866: 8818: 8708: 8619: 8546: 8436: 8428:Manipulation (psychology) 8370: 8282: 8170:Resources in your library 8067:Moriarty, Sandra, et al. 8025:Jamieson, Kathleen Hall. 7928:(Sage Publications, 2013) 7743:Fuchs, Christian (2017). 7679:October 25, 2012, at the 7454:10.1080/13527260210145993 7302:Advertising & Selling 7122:Clow, Kenneth E. (2007). 6459:10.1007/s11186-018-9309-7 5587:Strunck, Michael (2011). 4620:December 6, 2006, at the 4472:The Men and Women We Want 4459:Captains of Consciousness 4446:Captains of Consciousness 4253:. NYU Press. p. 12. 4235:Captains of Consciousness 4222:Captains of Consciousness 4066:. Routledge. p. 164. 4009:The visual culture reader 3887:Ratcliffe, Susan (2011). 3700:. Perseus Digital Library 3596:Donald G. Gifford (2010) 3570:Donley T. Studlar (2002) 3385:Advertisements in schools 3097:commercials used a black 3081:television advertisements 2979:can include advertising, 2825: 2798:In the UK, most forms of 1373:An advertisement for the 1148:DuMont Television Network 606:means "to turn towards". 9941:Society of the Spectacle 8606:Criticism of advertising 8190:January 6, 2014, at the 8116:(Cengage Learning, 2011) 7685:Psychology and Marketing 6219:"Madison Ave. Lights Up" 5662:American Press Institute 5432:Ostrofsky, Marc (2011). 5341:. The Los Angeles Times. 4278:Bernays, Edward (1928). 3553:Jones, Geoffrey (2010). 3242:"Fathers" of advertising 3155:marketing communications 3145:has a beautiful design. 2695:Criticism of advertising 2523:Foreign public messaging 2155:aircraft in the special 1597:Television advertisement 1580:Share of global adspend 1558:in-flight advertisements 1146:In the early 1950s, the 1091:non-profit organizations 864:Guinness Book of Records 794:Beecham's slogan in the 524:Non-profit organizations 10592:Individualist anarchism 9822:Influence of mass media 9627:Narcotizing dysfunction 9268:Promotional merchandise 8979:Character assassination 8916:Narcotizing dysfunction 8790:Photograph manipulation 8503:Guerrilla communication 7896:McFall, Elizabeth Rose 7408:Marketing and Semiotics 7235:C3034) pp. 63–102. 6924:. Consumer Protection. 5984:March 26, 2009, at the 5846:The Wall Street Journal 5795:Robinson, Gail (2019). 5617:March 27, 2019, at the 5100:Baker, Michael (2003). 5007:Baker, Michael (2003). 4717:Senn, James A. (2000). 4481:April 15, 2015, at the 4395:Leach, William (1993). 4364:Leach, William (1993). 4330:Leach, William (1993). 3942:Business History Review 3791:"Les Crieries de Paris" 3460:Informative advertising 3415:Comparative advertising 3316:Charles Coolidge Parlin 3138:marketing communication 3136:There are two types of 2785:advertising to children 2719:cigarettes in the 1940s 2608:digital video recorders 2194:digital video recorders 1272:social network services 1238:interactive advertising 1213:With the advent of the 1203:Internet from the 1990s 1110:in the 1920s and early 966:Encyclopædia Britannica 418:Promotional merchandise 403:Out-of-home advertising 192:Account-based marketing 41:For the racehorse, see 10557:Collectivist anarchism 10472:Social venture capital 10442:Freedom of association 9483:Freedom of information 9251:Product demonstrations 8680:Historical negationism 8121:Global Studies Journal 8107:Enterprise and Society 8032:Laird, Pamela Walker. 7876:March 4, 2016, at the 7261:C3034) pp. 25–62. 7191:, NTC Business Books, 7170:Needham, Dave (1996). 7159:. Homewood, IL: Irwin. 7028:"Advertising Theories" 5931:"Trends & Numbers" 5823:. Harvard Law School. 4945:"ICANN Whois Database" 4923:10.1287/mksc.2015.0968 4776:Journal of Advertising 4738:10.17310/ntj.2000.3.04 4732:(3, Part 1): 373–383. 3001:internal communication 2832:Advertising management 2720: 2358: 2335:subliminal advertising 2176: 2175:used for advertisement 2160: 2101:Celebrity endorsements 2076: 2025: 2014: 1985:classified advertising 1841:'s early acquisitions. 1750: 1739:industry professionals 1722:Virtual advertisements 1477: 1465: 1448: 1436: 1420: 1409: 1397: 1385: 1377: 1185:devoted to advertising 1086: 1051: 999: 969: 956: 936: 924: 911: 885: 858: 842:actress and socialite 799: 767: 735: 647: 633: 616:History of advertising 227:Horizontal integration 75: 10622:Post-scarcity economy 10597:Libertarian socialism 10582:Free-market socialism 10513:Market fundamentalism 10498:Capitalist propaganda 10092:Industrial Revolution 10007:Anarchy of production 9870:Exploitation of women 9183:Reputation management 9102:Psychological warfare 8951:Political campaigning 8760:Firehose of falsehood 8297:Fast food advertising 8130:(Ryerson Press, 1940) 8060:Mazzarella, William. 7974:The Cigarette Century 7924:Sheehan, Kim Bartel. 7598:Statt, David (1977). 7354:Beasley, Ron (2002). 6837:. December 12, 2006. 6350:Taylor, John (1978). 5749:Bennet, Mike (2015). 5075:entrepreneurmag.co.za 4506:Woodbury Soap Company 4292:Rodger Streitmatter, 4106:"The Sam Weller Bump" 4062:; Paul Beale (1986). 3818:What Hath God Wrought 3816:Howe, Daniel (2007). 3605:May 10, 2016, at the 3510:Senior media creative 3440:Family in advertising 2708: 2656:Advertising education 2365:, banner, pop-under, 2356: 2166: 2150: 2143:is a notable example. 2060: 2020: 2001: 1748: 1570:shopping cart handles 1506:advertising campaigns 1471: 1454: 1442: 1426: 1415: 1403: 1391: 1383: 1372: 1193:Home Shopping Network 1157:Hallmark Hall of Fame 1078: 1048:Helen Lansdowne Resor 1041: 1029:cultural assimilation 1011:Secretary of Commerce 994: 962: 942: 930: 922: 906: 898:Huntley & Palmers 876:Huntley & Palmers 873: 852: 793: 774:created a slogan for 757: 730:'s leadership, 1900. 721: 639: 623: 533:In the 19th century, 413:Product demonstration 265:Corporate anniversary 69: 59:Knowledge:Advertising 10667:Communication design 10077:Financial Revolution 10042:Economic development 9218:Corporate propaganda 8302:Gambling advertising 8292:Cosmetic advertising 8011:Friedman, Walter A. 7867:The Economic Journal 7661:Language in Society, 6975:"Relevant Code Rule" 6447:Theory & Society 6149:. iMediaConnection. 5941:on December 18, 2014 5530:Marketing Management 5219:. January 29, 2014. 5197:. January 29, 2014. 5140:on February 18, 2017 4726:National Tax Journal 4671:. November 23, 2011. 4432:May 9, 2016, at the 4296:(Basic Books, 2004). 3579:May 9, 2016, at the 3280:N. W. Ayer & Son 3210:Other approaches to 3021:Advertising research 2588:advertising agencies 2231:engagement marketing 2180:New media approaches 2049:lighted; some being 1950:films, most notably 1807:advertising networks 1562:seatback tray tables 1550:forehead advertising 1544:, bus stop benches, 1498:Procter & Gamble 1416:Mobile billboard in 1375:Wikimedia Foundation 1301:"park" their domains 1071:Radio from the 1920s 1044:Ladies' Home Journal 1009:In the 1920s, under 428:Visual merchandising 358:Behavioral targeting 232:Vertical integration 212:Influencer marketing 10552:Anarcho-syndicalism 10547:Anarcho-primitivism 10432:Economic inequality 10047:Economic liberalism 9916:Advanced capitalism 9602:Cult of personality 9516:Advanced capitalism 9306:Media concentration 9178:Non-apology apology 9168:Cult of personality 8896:Emotive conjugation 8650:Burying of scholars 8317:Tobacco advertising 8287:Alcohol advertising 8276:Product advertising 8074:Nevett, Terence R. 8053:Meyers, Cynthia B. 8013:Birth of a Salesman 7951:Language in Society 7548:. August 20, 2013. 7421:Salsburey, Justin. 7382:Marketing Semiotics 7276:www.copytesting.org 6949:"Displaying Prices" 6297:10.3916/c52-2017-09 6267:. November 4, 2016. 6096:. November 26, 2008 6004:. Advertising Age. 5979:"Interactive – VOD" 5045:jamaicaobserver.com 4615:Newmediagroup.co.uk 4582:Soap Opera History, 4495:Advertising Slogans 4320:9.1/2 (2006): 109+. 4082:The Washington Post 4007:Nicholas Mirzoeff, 3674:. Advertising Age. 3651:Wall Street Journal 3129:or non-traditional 2800:outdoor advertising 2727:and other forms of 2299:Early in its life, 2094:novelty advertising 1964:logo on the front. 1923:The Matrix Reloaded 1676:Radio advertisement 1663:Outdoor advertising 1581: 1482:display advertising 1263:Guerrilla marketing 1106:began to appear on 815:Charles-Louis Havas 796:Los Angeles Herald, 656:Commercial messages 551:tobacco advertising 378:In-game advertising 368:Display advertising 244:Promotional content 32:AD (disambiguation) 10572:Economic democracy 10393:Private foundation 9837:Semiotic democracy 9761:Civil disobedience 9673:Media manipulation 9663:Crowd manipulation 9586:Tabloid journalism 9500:Media transparency 9478:Media independence 9392:24-hour news cycle 9289:Influence-for-hire 9082:National mythology 9052:Crowd manipulation 8941:Tabloid journalism 8810:Video manipulation 8755:Fictitious entries 8478:Civil disobedience 8364:Media manipulation 8112:Sivulka, Juliann. 7980:Crawford, Robert. 7860:Management Science 6759:on October 7, 2015 6532:(April 14, 2017). 5664:. March 17, 2014. 5559:The New York Times 5475:. Allthingsd.com. 5294:The New York Times 5176:on August 4, 2016. 5102:The Marketing Book 5009:The Marketing Book 4510:J. Walter Thompson 4461:(1976), pp. 62–65. 4030:The New York Times 3626:on October 1, 2015 3450:Gross rating point 3220:paid subscriptions 2997:corporate identity 2898:E. Jerome McCarthy 2721: 2552:Singapore Airlines 2507:measures, such as 2501:economies of scale 2493:economies of scale 2489:global advertisers 2359: 2216:mobile advertising 2177: 2161: 2077: 2069:North Avenue Beach 2026: 2015: 2004:Shaftesbury Avenue 1852:Covert advertising 1846:Product placements 1831:web search engines 1751: 1624:Mobile advertising 1611:online advertising 1579: 1478: 1466: 1449: 1437: 1421: 1410: 1398: 1386: 1378: 1234:online advertising 1209:Online advertising 1181:specialty channels 1087: 1052: 970: 957: 937: 925: 912: 908:George William Joy 886: 859: 800: 768: 764:advertising slogan 736: 660:political campaign 648: 634: 577:advertising agency 461:Marketing research 398:Online advertising 388:Native advertising 383:Mobile advertising 335:Sex in advertising 152:Consumer behaviour 76: 10649: 10648: 10542:Anarcho-communism 10413:Spontaneous order 10408:Social alienation 10365:Economic mobility 10052:Economic planning 9949: 9948: 9875:Freedom of speech 9693:Theodor W. Adorno 9681: 9680: 9668:Managing the news 9488:Freedom of speech 9468:Media development 9432:News broadcasting 9412:Independent media 9397:Alternative media 9344: 9343: 9110:Airborne leaflets 8989:Election promises 8843:Product placement 8718:Alternative facts 8458:Alternative media 8330: 8329: 8307:Legal advertising 8156:Library resources 8140:West, Darrell M. 8085:(MOL Books, 1986) 7921:(Routledge, 2014) 7855:(Routledge, 2013) 7365:978-3-11-017341-3 7317:(Springer, 2015). 7272:"CopyTesting.org" 7198:978-0-8442-3363-5 7041:978-1-4129-5937-7 6499:10.3982/ECTA17674 6407:on April 16, 2009 6120:www.bloomberg.com 5539:978-0-13-210292-6 5532:. Prentice Hall. 5514:978-1-136-66930-9 5409:. June 30, 2014. 5388:978-1-7998-1618-8 5269:on March 16, 2006 5261:Mcarthur, Keith. 4987:Houston Chronicle 4911:Marketing Science 4654:978-0-292-77476-6 4584:BDD Books; 1991, 4535:McChesney, Robert 4500:May 30, 2012, at 4408:978-0-307-76114-9 4377:978-0-307-76114-9 4343:978-0-307-76114-9 4260:978-1-58367-306-5 3922:978-0-300-12011-0 3851:. August 5, 2019. 3827:978-0-19-539243-2 3515:Shock advertising 3475:Local advertising 3410:Commercial speech 3340:J Walter Thompson 3298:E. St. Elmo Lewis 3286:Claude C. Hopkins 3256:Thomas J. Barratt 3249:Benjamin Franklin 3228:data monetization 3224:microtransactions 3105:The semiotics of 2969:7Cs Compass Model 2806:. Cities such as 2635:social television 2572:Republic of China 2509:Flow of Attention 2392:Comcast Spotlight 2349:Rise in new media 2328:augmented reality 2294:generic trademark 2046:Mobile billboards 1700: 1699: 1566:passenger screens 1512:Traditional media 1370: 1268:product placement 1135:consumer research 1127:advertising spots 1082:Los Angeles Times 978:consumer spending 945:Estonian language 835:Thomas J. Barratt 831:industrialization 741:false advertising 728:Thomas J. Barratt 691:Classic of Poetry 539:Thomas J. Barratt 509: 508: 471:Consumer research 352:Promotional media 340:Underwriting spot 315:Product placement 295:On-hold messaging 285:Loyalty marketing 202:Product marketing 197:Digital marketing 43:Advertise (horse) 16:(Redirected from 10684: 10632:Social anarchism 10607:Market socialism 10602:Market anarchism 10508:Critique of work 10398:Private property 10360:Economic freedom 10355:Decentralization 10333:Cultural aspects 10294:Regulated market 10072:Financial crisis 10057:Entrepreneurship 9976: 9969: 9962: 9953: 9952: 9921:Culture industry 9890:Social influence 9843:The Lonely Crowd 9786:Political satire 9751:Call-out culture 9728:Jacques Rancière 9723:Marshall McLuhan 9698:Jean Baudrillard 9642:Viral phenomenon 9576:Public relations 9549: 9548: 9422:Mainstream media 9407:Electronic media 9371: 9364: 9357: 9348: 9347: 9336:Media proprietor 9160:Public relations 9140:Public diplomacy 9125:Information (IT) 9004:Name recognition 8629:Media regulation 8611:Annoyance factor 8468:Call-out culture 8383:Crowd psychology 8357: 8350: 8343: 8334: 8333: 8269: 8262: 8255: 8246: 8245: 8039:Lears, Jackson. 8018:Jacobson, Lisa. 8004:Fox, Stephen R. 7910:Okorie, Nelson. 7824: 7823: 7817: 7809: 7801: 7795: 7788: 7782: 7768: 7759: 7758: 7729: 7723: 7720: 7714: 7713: 7711: 7709: 7694: 7688: 7687:,20 (3), 249–73. 7670: 7664: 7653: 7647: 7646: 7644: 7642: 7623: 7617: 7610: 7604: 7603: 7595: 7589: 7588: 7560: 7554: 7553: 7542: 7536: 7535: 7524:10.1037/h0028807 7507: 7501: 7500: 7472: 7466: 7465: 7437: 7431: 7430: 7418: 7412: 7411: 7403: 7397: 7396: 7394: 7387: 7376: 7370: 7369: 7351: 7345: 7344: 7324: 7318: 7311: 7305: 7298: 7292: 7291: 7289: 7287: 7268: 7262: 7251: 7245: 7242: 7236: 7225: 7219: 7208: 7202: 7201: 7182: 7176: 7175: 7167: 7161: 7160: 7152: 7146: 7145: 7119: 7113: 7112: 7088: 7082: 7071: 7065: 7064: 7055: 7053: 7023: 7017: 7016: 7014: 7012: 6997: 6991: 6990: 6988: 6986: 6971: 6965: 6964: 6962: 6960: 6944: 6938: 6937: 6935: 6933: 6918: 6912: 6911: 6909: 6907: 6892: 6886: 6885: 6883: 6881: 6866: 6860: 6857: 6851: 6850: 6848: 6846: 6827: 6821: 6820: 6818: 6816: 6807:. Fhwa.dot.gov. 6801: 6795: 6794: 6792: 6790: 6775: 6769: 6768: 6766: 6764: 6749: 6743: 6742: 6741: 6739: 6722: 6716: 6715: 6713: 6711: 6696: 6690: 6689: 6687: 6685: 6669: 6660: 6659: 6657: 6655: 6640: 6634: 6633: 6631: 6629: 6620:. Archived from 6614: 6608: 6607: 6605: 6603: 6584: 6578: 6577: 6557: 6551: 6550: 6548: 6546: 6526: 6520: 6519: 6501: 6492:(4): 1855–1879. 6477: 6471: 6470: 6438: 6432: 6431: 6423: 6417: 6416: 6414: 6412: 6403:. Archived from 6397: 6391: 6390: 6388: 6386: 6371: 6365: 6362: 6356: 6355: 6347: 6341: 6340: 6326: 6320: 6319: 6309: 6299: 6275: 6269: 6268: 6261: 6255: 6254: 6239: 6233: 6232: 6214: 6208: 6207: 6205: 6203: 6194:. Usatoday.com. 6187: 6181: 6178: 6172: 6169: 6163: 6162: 6160: 6158: 6142: 6136: 6135: 6133: 6131: 6112: 6106: 6105: 6103: 6101: 6086: 6080: 6079: 6077: 6075: 6055: 6049: 6048: 6046: 6044: 6024: 6018: 6017: 6015: 6013: 5998: 5989: 5976: 5970: 5969: 5957: 5951: 5950: 5948: 5946: 5927: 5921: 5920: 5918: 5916: 5897: 5891: 5890: 5888: 5886: 5872: 5866: 5865: 5863: 5861: 5836: 5830: 5828: 5817: 5811: 5810: 5792: 5786: 5785: 5779: 5771: 5765: 5764: 5746: 5740: 5739: 5737: 5735: 5715: 5709: 5708: 5706: 5704: 5684: 5678: 5677: 5675: 5673: 5654: 5648: 5647: 5645: 5643: 5628: 5622: 5609: 5603: 5602: 5584: 5578: 5577: 5575: 5573: 5550: 5544: 5543: 5525: 5519: 5518: 5500: 5489: 5488: 5486: 5484: 5468: 5462: 5461: 5459: 5457: 5429: 5423: 5422: 5420: 5418: 5407:Digital Marketer 5399: 5393: 5392: 5374: 5368: 5367: 5365: 5363: 5349: 5343: 5342: 5334: 5328: 5327: 5325: 5323: 5308: 5302: 5301: 5285: 5279: 5278: 5276: 5274: 5258: 5252: 5251: 5249: 5247: 5238:. usatoday.Com. 5231: 5225: 5224: 5209: 5203: 5202: 5187: 5178: 5177: 5175: 5164: 5156: 5150: 5149: 5147: 5145: 5130: 5124: 5123: 5097: 5091: 5090: 5088: 5086: 5081:on March 6, 2019 5067: 5061: 5060: 5058: 5056: 5051:on March 6, 2019 5037: 5031: 5030: 5004: 4998: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4979: 4973: 4970: 4961: 4960: 4958: 4956: 4941: 4935: 4934: 4906: 4900: 4899: 4879: 4873: 4872: 4870: 4868: 4853: 4847: 4846: 4827: 4821: 4814: 4808: 4807: 4771: 4765: 4764: 4762: 4723: 4714: 4708: 4707: 4679: 4673: 4672: 4665: 4659: 4658: 4640: 4634: 4630: 4624: 4613:Mildred Pierce, 4611: 4605: 4598: 4592: 4580:Copeland, M.A., 4578: 4572: 4569: 4563: 4556: 4550: 4532: 4526: 4519: 4513: 4492: 4486: 4468: 4462: 4455: 4449: 4442: 4436: 4423: 4417: 4416: 4392: 4386: 4385: 4361: 4352: 4351: 4327: 4321: 4303: 4297: 4290: 4284: 4283: 4275: 4269: 4268: 4244: 4238: 4231: 4225: 4218: 4212: 4211: 4209: 4198: 4189: 4183: 4182: 4180: 4178: 4164: 4157: 4151: 4150: 4148: 4146: 4132: 4123: 4122: 4120: 4118: 4111:The Paris Review 4102: 4096: 4095: 4090: 4088: 4074: 4068: 4067: 4056: 4050: 4049: 4047: 4045: 4039: 4026: 4018: 4012: 4005: 3999: 3992: 3983: 3980: 3974: 3973: 3933: 3927: 3926: 3902: 3893: 3892: 3884: 3878: 3877: 3875: 3873: 3859: 3853: 3852: 3841: 3832: 3831: 3813: 3807: 3806: 3804: 3802: 3793:. Archived from 3787: 3781: 3774: 3768: 3767: 3765: 3763: 3748: 3742: 3735: 3729: 3728: 3716: 3710: 3709: 3707: 3705: 3694: 3688: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3673: 3665: 3659: 3658: 3642: 3636: 3635: 3633: 3631: 3616: 3610: 3594: 3585: 3568: 3559: 3558: 3550: 3495:Mobile marketing 3490:Meta-advertising 3395:Annoyance factor 3378: 3373: 3372: 3364: 3359: 3358: 2993:personal selling 2985:public relations 2843:AIDA (marketing) 2586:In the realm of 2544:Emirates airline 2517:branding moments 2483:Global marketing 2290:adhesive bandage 2131:Using aircraft, 2113:' contract with 2107:public relations 2034:Reverse Graffiti 2023:Hyderabad, India 2012: 2009: 1854: 1853: 1835:top-level domain 1811:e-mail marketing 1731:impulse purchase 1582: 1578: 1546:human billboards 1526:street furniture 1502:through the line 1476:, London in 1877 1371: 1287:media for equity 884: 881: 874:Advertising for 766:from August 1859 574: 572: 501: 494: 487: 466:Mystery shopping 363:Brand ambassador 300:Personal selling 290:Mobile marketing 270:Direct marketing 255:Ambush marketing 222:Annoyance factor 207:Social marketing 157:Consumer culture 137:Brand management 78: 77: 21: 10692: 10691: 10687: 10686: 10685: 10683: 10682: 10681: 10677:Business models 10652: 10651: 10650: 10645: 10627:Sharing economy 10617:Post-capitalism 10587:Green anarchism 10526: 10493:Anti-capitalism 10480: 10416: 10327: 10319:State-sponsored 10176: 10152:Property rights 10127:Nationalization 10037:Economic bubble 9995: 9985: 9980: 9950: 9945: 9931:Media franchise 9904: 9848: 9810: 9766:Culture jamming 9732: 9718:Walter Lippmann 9677: 9646: 9590: 9540: 9504: 9495:Media pluralism 9456: 9380: 9375: 9345: 9340: 9331:Media influence 9326:Media franchise 9311:Media democracy 9277: 9222: 9154: 9096: 9077:Loaded language 9028: 8945: 8862: 8814: 8704: 8633: 8615: 8542: 8483:Culture jamming 8432: 8366: 8361: 8331: 8326: 8322:Toy advertising 8278: 8273: 8197:Duke University 8192:Wayback Machine 8181: 8180: 8179: 8164: 8163: 8159: 8152: 8147: 8133:Tungate, Mark. 8109:(2014): khu013. 8102:(2014): ghu058. 7971:Brandt, Allan. 7968: 7962: 7907:(10th ed. 2014) 7878:Wayback Machine 7851:Biocca, Frank. 7848:(10th ed. 2014) 7833: 7831:Further reading 7828: 7827: 7811: 7810: 7802: 7798: 7792:Modern Business 7789: 7785: 7778:Wayback Machine 7769: 7762: 7755: 7739:Wayback Machine 7730: 7726: 7721: 7717: 7707: 7705: 7696: 7695: 7691: 7681:Wayback Machine 7671: 7667: 7654: 7650: 7640: 7638: 7625: 7624: 7620: 7611: 7607: 7596: 7592: 7561: 7557: 7544: 7543: 7539: 7508: 7504: 7489:10.2307/3150624 7473: 7469: 7438: 7434: 7419: 7415: 7404: 7400: 7392: 7385: 7377: 7373: 7366: 7352: 7348: 7325: 7321: 7312: 7308: 7299: 7295: 7285: 7283: 7270: 7269: 7265: 7252: 7248: 7243: 7239: 7226: 7222: 7209: 7205: 7199: 7183: 7179: 7168: 7164: 7153: 7149: 7134: 7120: 7116: 7105: 7089: 7085: 7072: 7068: 7051: 7049: 7042: 7024: 7020: 7010: 7008: 6999: 6998: 6994: 6984: 6982: 6973: 6972: 6968: 6958: 6956: 6945: 6941: 6931: 6929: 6920: 6919: 6915: 6905: 6903: 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5793: 5789: 5777: 5773: 5772: 5768: 5761: 5747: 5743: 5733: 5731: 5716: 5712: 5702: 5700: 5687:Oberoi, Ankit. 5685: 5681: 5671: 5669: 5656: 5655: 5651: 5641: 5639: 5629: 5625: 5619:Wayback Machine 5610: 5606: 5599: 5585: 5581: 5571: 5569: 5551: 5547: 5540: 5526: 5522: 5515: 5501: 5492: 5482: 5480: 5469: 5465: 5455: 5453: 5446: 5430: 5426: 5416: 5414: 5401: 5400: 5396: 5389: 5375: 5371: 5361: 5359: 5351: 5350: 5346: 5337:Braxton, Greg. 5335: 5331: 5321: 5319: 5310: 5309: 5305: 5286: 5282: 5272: 5270: 5259: 5255: 5245: 5243: 5232: 5228: 5211: 5210: 5206: 5189: 5188: 5181: 5173: 5167:ZenithOptimedia 5162: 5158: 5157: 5153: 5143: 5141: 5132: 5131: 5127: 5112: 5098: 5094: 5084: 5082: 5069: 5068: 5064: 5054: 5052: 5039: 5038: 5034: 5019: 5005: 5001: 4991: 4989: 4981: 4980: 4976: 4971: 4964: 4954: 4952: 4943: 4942: 4938: 4907: 4903: 4880: 4876: 4866: 4864: 4855: 4854: 4850: 4828: 4824: 4815: 4811: 4772: 4768: 4760: 4721: 4715: 4711: 4680: 4676: 4667: 4666: 4662: 4655: 4641: 4637: 4631: 4627: 4622:Wayback Machine 4612: 4608: 4599: 4595: 4579: 4575: 4570: 4566: 4557: 4553: 4533: 4529: 4520: 4516: 4493: 4489: 4483:Wayback Machine 4469: 4465: 4456: 4452: 4443: 4439: 4434:Wayback Machine 4424: 4420: 4409: 4393: 4389: 4378: 4362: 4355: 4344: 4328: 4324: 4314:Wayback Machine 4304: 4300: 4291: 4287: 4276: 4272: 4261: 4245: 4241: 4232: 4228: 4219: 4215: 4207: 4196: 4190: 4186: 4176: 4174: 4167:Financial Times 4159: 4158: 4154: 4144: 4142: 4134: 4133: 4126: 4116: 4114: 4104: 4103: 4099: 4086: 4084: 4076: 4075: 4071: 4057: 4053: 4043: 4041: 4037: 4024: 4020: 4019: 4015: 4006: 4002: 3993: 3986: 3981: 3977: 3954:10.2307/3115064 3934: 3930: 3923: 3903: 3896: 3885: 3881: 3871: 3869: 3867:St Helen's Star 3861: 3860: 3856: 3843: 3842: 3835: 3828: 3814: 3810: 3800: 3798: 3797:on June 8, 2015 3789: 3788: 3784: 3775: 3771: 3761: 3759: 3750: 3749: 3745: 3737:Bhatia (2000). 3736: 3732: 3717: 3713: 3703: 3701: 3696: 3695: 3691: 3681: 3679: 3666: 3662: 3643: 3639: 3629: 3627: 3618: 3617: 3613: 3607:Wayback Machine 3595: 3588: 3581:Wayback Machine 3569: 3562: 3551: 3544: 3534: 3529: 3520:Viral marketing 3505:Promotional mix 3480:Market overhang 3405:Branded content 3374: 3367: 3360: 3353: 3350: 3345: 3275: 3244: 3208: 3170: 3061: 3055: 3023: 3017: 2981:sales promotion 2890: 2884: 2845: 2839: 2834: 2828: 2769: 2749:health industry 2737:attention theft 2703: 2697: 2691: 2682: 2673: 2650: 2627:program guidess 2604: 2584: 2582:Diversification 2535: 2525: 2513:Flow of Emotion 2505:Market research 2485: 2479: 2416: 2410: 2396:video on demand 2375: 2373:Niche marketing 2351: 2305:Herbal Essences 2274:petroleum jelly 2196:(DVRs) such as 2182: 2173:Friedrichshafen 2010: 1859:Minority Report 1851: 1850: 1514: 1474:Madame Tussauds 1456:Hot air balloon 1394:human billboard 1316: 1314: 1211: 1205: 1165: 1144: 1073: 917: 882: 827: 776:Beecham's Pills 743:and so-called " 716: 650:Egyptians used 618: 612: 570: 565: 561:" advertising. 505: 476: 475: 456:Market research 451: 443: 442: 353: 345: 344: 330:Sales promotion 245: 237: 236: 132:Brand licensing 102: 62: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10690: 10680: 10679: 10674: 10669: 10664: 10647: 10646: 10644: 10639: 10634: 10629: 10624: 10619: 10614: 10609: 10604: 10599: 10594: 10589: 10584: 10579: 10574: 10569: 10564: 10559: 10554: 10549: 10544: 10539: 10534: 10532: 10528: 10527: 10525: 10520: 10515: 10510: 10505: 10500: 10495: 10490: 10488: 10482: 10481: 10479: 10474: 10469: 10464: 10459: 10454: 10449: 10444: 10439: 10434: 10429: 10424: 10422: 10421:Social aspects 10418: 10417: 10415: 10410: 10405: 10400: 10395: 10390: 10385: 10382: 10377: 10372: 10367: 10362: 10357: 10352: 10347: 10345:American Dream 10342: 10337: 10335: 10329: 10328: 10326: 10321: 10316: 10311: 10306: 10301: 10296: 10291: 10286: 10281: 10276: 10271: 10266: 10261: 10256: 10251: 10246: 10241: 10236: 10231: 10224: 10219: 10214: 10209: 10204: 10199: 10194: 10189: 10184: 10182: 10178: 10177: 10175: 10174: 10169: 10164: 10159: 10154: 10149: 10144: 10139: 10134: 10129: 10124: 10119: 10114: 10109: 10107:Market failure 10104: 10102:Market economy 10099: 10094: 10089: 10084: 10079: 10074: 10069: 10064: 10062:Ecopreneurship 10059: 10054: 10049: 10044: 10039: 10034: 10029: 10024: 10019: 10017:Centralization 10014: 10012:Business cycle 10009: 10003: 10001: 9997: 9996: 9990: 9987: 9986: 9979: 9978: 9971: 9964: 9956: 9947: 9946: 9944: 9943: 9938: 9933: 9928: 9923: 9918: 9912: 9910: 9906: 9905: 9903: 9902: 9897: 9892: 9887: 9882: 9877: 9872: 9867: 9862: 9856: 9854: 9850: 9849: 9847: 9846: 9839: 9834: 9829: 9824: 9818: 9816: 9812: 9811: 9809: 9808: 9803: 9798: 9793: 9788: 9783: 9778: 9773: 9768: 9763: 9758: 9756:Cancel culture 9753: 9748: 9742: 9740: 9738:Counterculture 9734: 9733: 9731: 9730: 9725: 9720: 9715: 9710: 9705: 9703:Edward Bernays 9700: 9695: 9689: 9687: 9683: 9682: 9679: 9678: 9676: 9675: 9670: 9665: 9660: 9658:Catch and kill 9654: 9652: 9648: 9647: 9645: 9644: 9639: 9637:Sensationalism 9634: 9629: 9624: 9619: 9614: 9609: 9604: 9598: 9596: 9592: 9591: 9589: 9588: 9583: 9578: 9573: 9572: 9571: 9561: 9555: 9553: 9546: 9542: 9541: 9539: 9538: 9533: 9528: 9526:Bipartisanship 9523: 9521:American Dream 9518: 9512: 9510: 9506: 9505: 9503: 9502: 9497: 9492: 9491: 9490: 9485: 9475: 9470: 9464: 9462: 9458: 9457: 9455: 9454: 9449: 9444: 9439: 9434: 9429: 9424: 9419: 9414: 9409: 9404: 9399: 9394: 9388: 9386: 9382: 9381: 9374: 9373: 9366: 9359: 9351: 9342: 9341: 9339: 9338: 9333: 9328: 9323: 9318: 9313: 9308: 9303: 9302: 9301: 9291: 9285: 9283: 9279: 9278: 9276: 9275: 9270: 9265: 9264: 9263: 9253: 9248: 9243: 9238: 9232: 9230: 9224: 9223: 9221: 9220: 9215: 9210: 9208:Understatement 9205: 9200: 9195: 9190: 9185: 9180: 9175: 9170: 9164: 9162: 9156: 9155: 9153: 9152: 9147: 9142: 9137: 9132: 9127: 9122: 9117: 9112: 9106: 9104: 9098: 9097: 9095: 9094: 9089: 9084: 9079: 9074: 9072:Indoctrination 9069: 9064: 9059: 9057:Disinformation 9054: 9049: 9044: 9038: 9036: 9030: 9029: 9027: 9026: 9021: 9019:Smear campaign 9016: 9011: 9006: 9001: 8996: 8991: 8986: 8981: 8976: 8971: 8966: 8961: 8955: 8953: 8947: 8946: 8944: 8943: 8938: 8936:Sensationalism 8933: 8928: 8923: 8918: 8913: 8908: 8903: 8898: 8893: 8888: 8883: 8878: 8876:Agenda-setting 8872: 8870: 8864: 8863: 8861: 8860: 8855: 8850: 8845: 8840: 8835: 8830: 8824: 8822: 8816: 8815: 8813: 8812: 8807: 8802: 8797: 8792: 8787: 8782: 8777: 8772: 8767: 8762: 8757: 8752: 8750:False document 8747: 8742: 8741: 8740: 8730: 8725: 8720: 8714: 8712: 8706: 8705: 8703: 8702: 8697: 8692: 8687: 8682: 8677: 8672: 8667: 8662: 8657: 8655:Catch and kill 8652: 8647: 8642: 8636: 8634: 8632: 8631: 8626: 8620: 8617: 8616: 8614: 8613: 8608: 8603: 8598: 8593: 8588: 8583: 8578: 8573: 8568: 8563: 8558: 8552: 8550: 8544: 8543: 8541: 8540: 8535: 8530: 8525: 8520: 8515: 8510: 8505: 8500: 8495: 8490: 8488:Demonstrations 8485: 8480: 8475: 8473:Cancel culture 8470: 8465: 8460: 8455: 8454: 8453: 8442: 8440: 8434: 8433: 8431: 8430: 8425: 8420: 8415: 8410: 8405: 8400: 8395: 8390: 8385: 8380: 8374: 8372: 8368: 8367: 8360: 8359: 8352: 8345: 8337: 8328: 8327: 8325: 8324: 8319: 8314: 8309: 8304: 8299: 8294: 8289: 8283: 8280: 8279: 8272: 8271: 8264: 8257: 8249: 8243: 8242: 8238:Art & Copy 8234: 8233: 8232: 8231: 8230: 8224: 8218: 8212: 8206: 8178: 8177: 8172: 8166: 8165: 8154: 8153: 8151: 8150:External links 8148: 8146: 8145: 8138: 8131: 8124: 8117: 8110: 8103: 8100:German History 8096: 8086: 8079: 8072: 8065: 8058: 8051: 8044: 8037: 8030: 8023: 8016: 8009: 8002: 7985: 7978: 7964:Main article: 7961: 7958: 7957: 7956: 7955: 7954: 7929: 7922: 7915: 7908: 7901: 7894: 7887: 7880: 7863: 7856: 7849: 7842: 7834: 7832: 7829: 7826: 7825: 7796: 7783: 7760: 7754:978-1473987494 7753: 7724: 7715: 7689: 7665: 7648: 7618: 7605: 7590: 7555: 7537: 7502: 7483:(4): 545–556. 7467: 7432: 7413: 7398: 7371: 7364: 7346: 7341:10.1086/209060 7319: 7306: 7293: 7263: 7246: 7237: 7220: 7203: 7197: 7177: 7162: 7147: 7133:978-0131866225 7132: 7114: 7104:978-1135693169 7103: 7083: 7066: 7040: 7018: 6992: 6966: 6939: 6913: 6887: 6861: 6852: 6822: 6796: 6770: 6744: 6717: 6691: 6661: 6635: 6624:on May 7, 2016 6609: 6579: 6552: 6521: 6472: 6453:(2): 175–206. 6433: 6418: 6392: 6366: 6357: 6354:. p. 293. 6342: 6321: 6290:(52): 93–103. 6286:(in Spanish). 6270: 6256: 6234: 6209: 6182: 6173: 6164: 6137: 6107: 6081: 6050: 6033:New York Times 6019: 5990: 5971: 5968:. p. 133. 5952: 5922: 5892: 5867: 5831: 5812: 5806:978-1839472060 5805: 5787: 5766: 5760:978-1784622954 5759: 5741: 5710: 5679: 5649: 5623: 5604: 5598:978-3844301175 5597: 5579: 5545: 5538: 5520: 5513: 5490: 5463: 5445:978-1451668391 5444: 5424: 5394: 5387: 5381:. IGI Global. 5369: 5344: 5329: 5303: 5280: 5253: 5226: 5204: 5179: 5151: 5125: 5110: 5092: 5062: 5032: 5017: 4999: 4974: 4962: 4936: 4917:(3): 343–362. 4901: 4874: 4848: 4822: 4809: 4766: 4709: 4690:(3): 135–138. 4674: 4660: 4653: 4635: 4625: 4606: 4593: 4573: 4564: 4551: 4527: 4514: 4487: 4463: 4450: 4437: 4425:Brandt (2009) 4418: 4407: 4398:Land of Desire 4387: 4376: 4367:Land of Desire 4353: 4342: 4333:Land of Desire 4322: 4298: 4285: 4270: 4259: 4239: 4226: 4213: 4184: 4152: 4124: 4097: 4069: 4060:Eric Partridge 4051: 4013: 4000: 3984: 3975: 3948:(2): 290–292. 3928: 3921: 3894: 3879: 3854: 3833: 3826: 3808: 3782: 3769: 3743: 3730: 3711: 3689: 3660: 3637: 3611: 3586: 3560: 3541: 3540: 3533: 3530: 3528: 3527: 3522: 3517: 3512: 3507: 3502: 3497: 3492: 3487: 3485:Media planning 3482: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3462: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3445:Graphic design 3442: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3417: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3392: 3387: 3381: 3380: 3379: 3365: 3349: 3346: 3344: 3343: 3337: 3331: 3325: 3319: 3313: 3307: 3304:Arthur Nielsen 3301: 3295: 3292:Ernest Dichter 3289: 3283: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3270: 3269: 3264:Early 1900s – 3262: 3259: 3252: 3243: 3240: 3207: 3204: 3178:transformation 3169: 3166: 3057:Main article: 3054: 3051: 3019:Main article: 3016: 3013: 2977:Communications 2886:Main article: 2883: 2880: 2879: 2878: 2875: 2872: 2871: 2870: 2867: 2864: 2861: 2858: 2855: 2838: 2835: 2827: 2824: 2768: 2765: 2761:political bias 2753:misinformation 2693:Main article: 2690: 2687: 2681: 2678: 2672: 2669: 2649: 2646: 2642:drone displays 2603: 2602:New technology 2600: 2583: 2580: 2564:China Airlines 2524: 2521: 2481:Main article: 2478: 2475: 2420:user-generated 2412:Main article: 2409: 2406: 2401:Google AdSense 2374: 2371: 2350: 2347: 2313:Guitar Hero II 2282:vacuum cleaner 2181: 2178: 2157:Blue Man Group 2145: 2144: 2129: 2123: 2122: 2119:Britney Spears 2111:Michael Phelps 2102: 2098: 2097: 2090: 2086: 2085: 2081: 2055: 2054: 1996: 1995: 1993: 1989: 1988: 1980: 1976: 1975: 1847: 1843: 1842: 1827: 1823: 1822: 1779:World Wide Web 1771: 1767: 1766: 1755: 1743: 1742: 1706: 1698: 1697: 1694: 1691: 1685: 1684: 1681: 1678: 1672: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1659: 1658: 1655: 1652: 1646: 1645: 1642: 1639: 1633: 1632: 1629: 1626: 1620: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1606: 1605: 1602: 1599: 1593: 1592: 1589: 1586: 1518:wall paintings 1513: 1510: 1494:below the line 1486:above the line 1429:DBAG Class 101 1313: 1312:Classification 1310: 1255:, and outdoor 1207:Main article: 1204: 1201: 1164: 1161: 1143: 1140: 1114:in the 1930s. 1085:on May 6, 1930 1072: 1069: 1064:John B. Watson 1014:Herbert Hoover 988:, a nephew of 986:Edward Bernays 916: 913: 844:Lillie Langtry 826: 823: 760:Beechams Pills 726:created under 715: 712: 676:ancient Greece 672:Lost and found 614:Main article: 611: 608: 559:Madison Avenue 555:Edward Bernays 547:Lillie Langtry 507: 506: 504: 503: 496: 489: 481: 478: 477: 474: 473: 468: 463: 458: 452: 449: 448: 445: 444: 441: 440: 435: 430: 425: 420: 415: 410: 405: 400: 395: 390: 385: 380: 375: 373:Drip marketing 370: 365: 360: 354: 351: 350: 347: 346: 343: 342: 337: 332: 327: 322: 317: 312: 307: 302: 297: 292: 287: 282: 277: 272: 267: 262: 257: 252: 246: 243: 242: 239: 238: 235: 234: 229: 224: 219: 214: 209: 204: 199: 194: 189: 184: 179: 174: 169: 164: 159: 154: 149: 147:Communications 144: 139: 134: 129: 124: 119: 114: 109: 103: 100: 99: 96: 95: 94: 93: 85: 84: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10689: 10678: 10675: 10673: 10670: 10668: 10665: 10663: 10660: 10659: 10657: 10643: 10640: 10638: 10635: 10633: 10630: 10628: 10625: 10623: 10620: 10618: 10615: 10613: 10610: 10608: 10605: 10603: 10600: 10598: 10595: 10593: 10590: 10588: 10585: 10583: 10580: 10578: 10577:Eco-socialism 10575: 10573: 10570: 10568: 10565: 10563: 10560: 10558: 10555: 10553: 10550: 10548: 10545: 10543: 10540: 10538: 10535: 10533: 10529: 10524: 10521: 10519: 10516: 10514: 10511: 10509: 10506: 10504: 10501: 10499: 10496: 10494: 10491: 10489: 10487: 10483: 10478: 10475: 10473: 10470: 10468: 10465: 10463: 10460: 10458: 10455: 10453: 10452:Labour supply 10450: 10448: 10445: 10443: 10440: 10438: 10435: 10433: 10430: 10428: 10425: 10423: 10419: 10414: 10411: 10409: 10406: 10404: 10401: 10399: 10396: 10394: 10391: 10389: 10386: 10383: 10381: 10378: 10376: 10373: 10371: 10370:Individualism 10368: 10366: 10363: 10361: 10358: 10356: 10353: 10351: 10348: 10346: 10343: 10341: 10338: 10336: 10334: 10330: 10325: 10322: 10320: 10317: 10315: 10312: 10310: 10307: 10305: 10302: 10300: 10297: 10295: 10292: 10290: 10287: 10285: 10282: 10280: 10277: 10275: 10272: 10270: 10267: 10265: 10262: 10260: 10257: 10255: 10252: 10250: 10247: 10245: 10242: 10240: 10237: 10235: 10232: 10230: 10229: 10228:Laissez-faire 10225: 10223: 10220: 10218: 10215: 10213: 10210: 10208: 10205: 10203: 10200: 10198: 10195: 10193: 10192:Authoritarian 10190: 10188: 10185: 10183: 10179: 10173: 10170: 10168: 10165: 10163: 10160: 10158: 10155: 10153: 10150: 10148: 10145: 10143: 10142:Privatization 10140: 10138: 10135: 10133: 10130: 10128: 10125: 10123: 10120: 10118: 10115: 10113: 10112:Merchantilism 10110: 10108: 10105: 10103: 10100: 10098: 10095: 10093: 10090: 10088: 10085: 10083: 10082:Globalization 10080: 10078: 10075: 10073: 10070: 10068: 10065: 10063: 10060: 10058: 10055: 10053: 10050: 10048: 10045: 10043: 10040: 10038: 10035: 10033: 10030: 10028: 10025: 10023: 10020: 10018: 10015: 10013: 10010: 10008: 10005: 10004: 10002: 9998: 9994: 9988: 9984: 9977: 9972: 9970: 9965: 9963: 9958: 9957: 9954: 9942: 9939: 9937: 9934: 9932: 9929: 9927: 9924: 9922: 9919: 9917: 9914: 9913: 9911: 9907: 9901: 9898: 9896: 9893: 9891: 9888: 9886: 9883: 9881: 9878: 9876: 9873: 9871: 9868: 9866: 9863: 9861: 9858: 9857: 9855: 9851: 9845: 9844: 9840: 9838: 9835: 9833: 9832:Mediatization 9830: 9828: 9827:Media studies 9825: 9823: 9820: 9819: 9817: 9813: 9807: 9806:Strike action 9804: 9802: 9799: 9797: 9794: 9792: 9789: 9787: 9784: 9782: 9779: 9777: 9774: 9772: 9771:Demonstration 9769: 9767: 9764: 9762: 9759: 9757: 9754: 9752: 9749: 9747: 9744: 9743: 9741: 9739: 9735: 9729: 9726: 9724: 9721: 9719: 9716: 9714: 9711: 9709: 9706: 9704: 9701: 9699: 9696: 9694: 9691: 9690: 9688: 9684: 9674: 9671: 9669: 9666: 9664: 9661: 9659: 9656: 9655: 9653: 9649: 9643: 9640: 9638: 9635: 9633: 9630: 9628: 9625: 9623: 9620: 9618: 9615: 9613: 9610: 9608: 9605: 9603: 9600: 9599: 9597: 9593: 9587: 9584: 9582: 9579: 9577: 9574: 9570: 9567: 9566: 9565: 9562: 9560: 9557: 9556: 9554: 9550: 9547: 9543: 9537: 9536:Pensée unique 9534: 9532: 9529: 9527: 9524: 9522: 9519: 9517: 9514: 9513: 9511: 9507: 9501: 9498: 9496: 9493: 9489: 9486: 9484: 9481: 9480: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9469: 9466: 9465: 9463: 9459: 9453: 9450: 9448: 9445: 9443: 9440: 9438: 9435: 9433: 9430: 9428: 9425: 9423: 9420: 9418: 9415: 9413: 9410: 9408: 9405: 9403: 9402:Digital media 9400: 9398: 9395: 9393: 9390: 9389: 9387: 9383: 9379: 9378:Media culture 9372: 9367: 9365: 9360: 9358: 9353: 9352: 9349: 9337: 9334: 9332: 9329: 9327: 9324: 9322: 9319: 9317: 9316:Media ecology 9314: 9312: 9309: 9307: 9304: 9300: 9299:United States 9297: 9296: 9295: 9292: 9290: 9287: 9286: 9284: 9280: 9274: 9273:Telemarketing 9271: 9269: 9266: 9262: 9259: 9258: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9233: 9231: 9229: 9225: 9219: 9216: 9214: 9211: 9209: 9206: 9204: 9201: 9199: 9196: 9194: 9191: 9189: 9186: 9184: 9181: 9179: 9176: 9174: 9171: 9169: 9166: 9165: 9163: 9161: 9157: 9151: 9148: 9146: 9143: 9141: 9138: 9136: 9133: 9131: 9128: 9126: 9123: 9121: 9118: 9116: 9113: 9111: 9108: 9107: 9105: 9103: 9099: 9093: 9090: 9088: 9085: 9083: 9080: 9078: 9075: 9073: 9070: 9068: 9065: 9063: 9062:Fearmongering 9060: 9058: 9055: 9053: 9050: 9048: 9045: 9043: 9040: 9039: 9037: 9035: 9031: 9025: 9022: 9020: 9017: 9015: 9012: 9010: 9007: 9005: 9002: 9000: 8997: 8995: 8992: 8990: 8987: 8985: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8965: 8962: 8960: 8957: 8956: 8954: 8952: 8948: 8942: 8939: 8937: 8934: 8932: 8929: 8927: 8924: 8922: 8919: 8917: 8914: 8912: 8909: 8907: 8904: 8902: 8901:False balance 8899: 8897: 8894: 8892: 8889: 8887: 8884: 8882: 8879: 8877: 8874: 8873: 8871: 8869: 8865: 8859: 8858:Word of mouth 8856: 8854: 8851: 8849: 8846: 8844: 8841: 8839: 8836: 8834: 8831: 8829: 8826: 8825: 8823: 8821: 8817: 8811: 8808: 8806: 8803: 8801: 8798: 8796: 8793: 8791: 8788: 8786: 8783: 8781: 8778: 8776: 8773: 8771: 8768: 8766: 8763: 8761: 8758: 8756: 8753: 8751: 8748: 8746: 8743: 8739: 8736: 8735: 8734: 8731: 8729: 8726: 8724: 8721: 8719: 8716: 8715: 8713: 8711: 8707: 8701: 8698: 8696: 8693: 8691: 8688: 8686: 8683: 8681: 8678: 8676: 8673: 8671: 8668: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8645:Broadcast law 8643: 8641: 8638: 8637: 8635: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8621: 8618: 8612: 8609: 8607: 8604: 8602: 8599: 8597: 8594: 8592: 8589: 8587: 8584: 8582: 8579: 8577: 8574: 8572: 8569: 8567: 8564: 8562: 8559: 8557: 8554: 8553: 8551: 8549: 8545: 8539: 8536: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8521: 8519: 8516: 8514: 8511: 8509: 8506: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8493:Deplatforming 8491: 8489: 8486: 8484: 8481: 8479: 8476: 8474: 8471: 8469: 8466: 8464: 8461: 8459: 8456: 8452: 8449: 8448: 8447: 8444: 8443: 8441: 8439: 8435: 8429: 8426: 8424: 8421: 8419: 8416: 8414: 8411: 8409: 8406: 8404: 8401: 8399: 8398:False balance 8396: 8394: 8391: 8389: 8386: 8384: 8381: 8379: 8376: 8375: 8373: 8369: 8365: 8358: 8353: 8351: 8346: 8344: 8339: 8338: 8335: 8323: 8320: 8318: 8315: 8313: 8310: 8308: 8305: 8303: 8300: 8298: 8295: 8293: 8290: 8288: 8285: 8284: 8281: 8277: 8270: 8265: 8263: 8258: 8256: 8251: 8250: 8247: 8240: 8239: 8235: 8228: 8225: 8222: 8219: 8216: 8213: 8210: 8207: 8204: 8201: 8200: 8198: 8195: 8194: 8193: 8189: 8186: 8183: 8182: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8168: 8167: 8162: 8157: 8143: 8139: 8136: 8132: 8129: 8125: 8122: 8118: 8115: 8111: 8108: 8104: 8101: 8097: 8095: 8091: 8087: 8084: 8080: 8077: 8073: 8070: 8066: 8063: 8059: 8056: 8052: 8049: 8045: 8042: 8038: 8035: 8031: 8028: 8024: 8021: 8017: 8014: 8010: 8007: 8003: 8001: 8000:0-07-019846-2 7997: 7993: 7989: 7986: 7983: 7979: 7977: 7975: 7970: 7969: 7967: 7952: 7948: 7944: 7943: 7942: 7941:0-631-12743-7 7938: 7934: 7930: 7927: 7923: 7920: 7916: 7913: 7909: 7906: 7902: 7899: 7895: 7892: 7888: 7885: 7881: 7879: 7875: 7872: 7868: 7864: 7861: 7857: 7854: 7850: 7847: 7843: 7840: 7836: 7835: 7821: 7815: 7807: 7800: 7793: 7787: 7779: 7775: 7772: 7767: 7765: 7756: 7750: 7746: 7740: 7736: 7733: 7728: 7719: 7703: 7699: 7693: 7686: 7682: 7678: 7675: 7669: 7662: 7658: 7652: 7636: 7632: 7628: 7622: 7615: 7609: 7601: 7594: 7586: 7582: 7578: 7574: 7570: 7566: 7559: 7551: 7547: 7541: 7533: 7529: 7525: 7521: 7518:(1): 119–23. 7517: 7513: 7506: 7498: 7494: 7490: 7486: 7482: 7478: 7471: 7463: 7459: 7455: 7451: 7447: 7443: 7436: 7428: 7424: 7417: 7409: 7402: 7391: 7384: 7383: 7375: 7367: 7361: 7357: 7350: 7342: 7338: 7334: 7330: 7323: 7316: 7310: 7303: 7297: 7281: 7277: 7273: 7267: 7260: 7259:4-7944-2158-3 7256: 7250: 7241: 7234: 7233:4-7944-2132-X 7230: 7224: 7217: 7216:4-7944-2030-7 7213: 7207: 7200: 7194: 7190: 7189: 7181: 7173: 7166: 7158: 7151: 7143: 7139: 7135: 7129: 7125: 7118: 7110: 7106: 7100: 7096: 7095: 7087: 7080: 7079:0-13-186622-2 7076: 7070: 7063: 7061: 7047: 7043: 7037: 7033: 7029: 7022: 7006: 7002: 6996: 6980: 6976: 6970: 6954: 6950: 6943: 6927: 6923: 6917: 6901: 6897: 6891: 6875: 6871: 6865: 6856: 6840: 6836: 6832: 6826: 6810: 6806: 6800: 6784: 6780: 6774: 6758: 6754: 6748: 6733: 6729: 6728: 6721: 6705: 6701: 6695: 6679: 6675: 6668: 6666: 6650: 6646: 6639: 6623: 6619: 6613: 6597: 6593: 6589: 6583: 6575: 6571: 6567: 6563: 6556: 6541: 6540: 6535: 6531: 6525: 6517: 6513: 6509: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6491: 6487: 6483: 6476: 6468: 6464: 6460: 6456: 6452: 6448: 6444: 6437: 6429: 6422: 6406: 6402: 6396: 6380: 6376: 6370: 6361: 6353: 6346: 6338: 6334: 6333: 6325: 6317: 6313: 6308: 6303: 6298: 6293: 6289: 6285: 6281: 6274: 6266: 6260: 6252: 6248: 6244: 6238: 6230: 6226: 6225: 6220: 6213: 6197: 6193: 6186: 6177: 6168: 6152: 6148: 6141: 6125: 6121: 6117: 6111: 6095: 6091: 6085: 6069: 6065: 6061: 6054: 6038: 6034: 6030: 6023: 6007: 6003: 5997: 5995: 5987: 5983: 5980: 5975: 5967: 5963: 5956: 5945:September 18, 5940: 5936: 5932: 5926: 5910: 5906: 5902: 5896: 5881: 5877: 5871: 5856: 5852: 5848: 5847: 5842: 5835: 5826: 5822: 5816: 5808: 5802: 5798: 5791: 5783: 5776: 5770: 5762: 5756: 5752: 5745: 5729: 5725: 5721: 5714: 5698: 5694: 5690: 5683: 5667: 5663: 5659: 5653: 5638: 5634: 5627: 5620: 5616: 5613: 5608: 5600: 5594: 5590: 5583: 5568: 5564: 5560: 5556: 5549: 5541: 5535: 5531: 5524: 5516: 5510: 5507:. Routledge. 5506: 5499: 5497: 5495: 5478: 5474: 5467: 5451: 5447: 5441: 5437: 5436: 5428: 5412: 5408: 5404: 5398: 5390: 5384: 5380: 5373: 5358: 5354: 5348: 5340: 5333: 5317: 5313: 5307: 5299: 5295: 5291: 5284: 5268: 5264: 5257: 5241: 5237: 5230: 5222: 5218: 5214: 5208: 5200: 5196: 5192: 5186: 5184: 5172: 5168: 5161: 5155: 5139: 5135: 5129: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5107: 5103: 5096: 5080: 5076: 5072: 5066: 5050: 5046: 5042: 5036: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5014: 5010: 5003: 4988: 4984: 4978: 4969: 4967: 4950: 4947:. ICANN.org. 4946: 4940: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4916: 4912: 4905: 4897: 4893: 4890:: 1022–1029. 4889: 4885: 4878: 4862: 4858: 4852: 4845: 4841: 4837: 4833: 4826: 4819: 4813: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4770: 4759: 4755: 4751: 4747: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4720: 4713: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4678: 4670: 4664: 4656: 4650: 4646: 4639: 4629: 4623: 4619: 4616: 4610: 4603: 4597: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4577: 4568: 4561: 4555: 4548: 4547:0-252-02448-6 4544: 4540: 4536: 4531: 4524: 4518: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4502:archive.today 4499: 4496: 4491: 4484: 4480: 4477: 4473: 4467: 4460: 4454: 4447: 4441: 4435: 4431: 4428: 4422: 4414: 4410: 4404: 4400: 4399: 4391: 4383: 4379: 4373: 4369: 4368: 4360: 4358: 4349: 4345: 4339: 4335: 4334: 4326: 4319: 4315: 4311: 4308: 4302: 4295: 4289: 4282:. p. 52. 4281: 4274: 4266: 4262: 4256: 4252: 4251: 4243: 4236: 4230: 4223: 4217: 4206: 4202: 4195: 4188: 4172: 4168: 4163: 4156: 4141: 4137: 4131: 4129: 4113: 4112: 4107: 4101: 4094: 4083: 4079: 4073: 4065: 4061: 4055: 4036: 4032: 4031: 4023: 4017: 4010: 4004: 3997: 3991: 3989: 3979: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3932: 3924: 3918: 3914: 3910: 3909: 3901: 3899: 3890: 3883: 3868: 3864: 3858: 3850: 3846: 3840: 3838: 3829: 3823: 3819: 3812: 3796: 3792: 3786: 3780:(2013), p.15. 3779: 3773: 3757: 3753: 3747: 3740: 3734: 3726: 3722: 3715: 3699: 3693: 3677: 3672: 3664: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3641: 3630:September 30, 3625: 3621: 3615: 3608: 3604: 3601: 3600: 3593: 3591: 3582: 3578: 3575: 3574: 3567: 3565: 3556: 3549: 3547: 3542: 3539: 3538: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3518: 3516: 3513: 3511: 3508: 3506: 3503: 3501: 3498: 3496: 3493: 3491: 3488: 3486: 3483: 3481: 3478: 3476: 3473: 3471: 3468: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3382: 3377: 3371: 3366: 3363: 3357: 3352: 3341: 3338: 3335: 3334:Daniel Starch 3332: 3329: 3326: 3323: 3322:Rosser Reeves 3320: 3317: 3314: 3311: 3308: 3305: 3302: 3299: 3296: 3293: 3290: 3287: 3284: 3281: 3278: 3277: 3267: 3266:Albert Lasker 3263: 3260: 3257: 3254:Late 1800s – 3253: 3250: 3247:Late 1700s – 3246: 3245: 3239: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3203: 3200: 3194: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3179: 3175: 3165: 3162: 3158: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3139: 3134: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3103: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3060: 3050: 3048: 3044: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3029: 3022: 3012: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2965: 2960: 2959: 2958:communication 2954: 2953: 2948: 2947: 2942: 2938: 2937:communication 2934: 2930: 2926: 2921: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2894:marketing mix 2889: 2888:Marketing mix 2882:Marketing mix 2876: 2873: 2868: 2865: 2862: 2859: 2856: 2853: 2852: 2850: 2849: 2848: 2844: 2833: 2823: 2819: 2817: 2811: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2796: 2794: 2788: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2764: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2740: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2718: 2714: 2713:advertisement 2711: 2707: 2702: 2696: 2686: 2677: 2668: 2666: 2662: 2657: 2653: 2645: 2643: 2638: 2637:sponsorship. 2636: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2619: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2599: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2579: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2556:Qatar Airways 2554:(Singapore), 2553: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2534: 2530: 2520: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2497: 2494: 2490: 2484: 2477:Globalization 2474: 2472: 2469:, Zinio, and 2468: 2467:NBC Universal 2464: 2460: 2459:General Mills 2456: 2452: 2446: 2444: 2439: 2434: 2431:commercials. 2430: 2426: 2421: 2415: 2414:Crowdsourcing 2408:Crowdsourcing 2405: 2402: 2397: 2393: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2370: 2368: 2364: 2355: 2346: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2331: 2329: 2324: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2297: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2249: 2247: 2243: 2238: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2223: 2221: 2217: 2212: 2208: 2206: 2201: 2199: 2195: 2189: 2187: 2174: 2170: 2165: 2158: 2154: 2153:Allegiant Air 2149: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2128: 2125: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2103: 2100: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2088: 2087: 2082: 2080:Point-of-sale 2079: 2078: 2074: 2073:Lake Michigan 2070: 2066: 2065: 2059: 2052: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2028: 2027: 2024: 2019: 2005: 2000: 1994: 1991: 1990: 1986: 1981: 1978: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1968: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1954: 1953:Casino Royale 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1928:Omega Watches 1925: 1924: 1919: 1915: 1914: 1913:Mercedes-Benz 1909: 1908: 1903: 1902: 1897: 1893: 1892: 1888:mentions his 1887: 1883: 1882: 1877: 1876: 1871: 1870: 1865: 1861: 1860: 1855: 1848: 1845: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1825: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1791:pay per click 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1769: 1768: 1764: 1759: 1756: 1753: 1752: 1747: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1723: 1718: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1705: 1702: 1701: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1687: 1686: 1682: 1679: 1677: 1674: 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