730:
1219:
1108:
778:
29:
672:
Like the first AEHF satellite, the second (AEHF-2) was launched on an Atlas V flying in the 531 configuration. The launch from Space Launch
Complex 41 at Cape Canaveral took place on 4 May 2012. After three months of maneuvering, it reached its proper position and the testing procedures were started.
513:
AEHF provides individual digital data streams from rates of 75 bits/second to 8 Megabits/second. These include and go beyond MILSTAR's low data rate (LDR) and medium data rate (MDR) as well as the actually fairly slow high data rate (HDR) for submarines. The faster links are designated extended data
489:
The low gain Earth coverage antennas send information anywhere in a third of the Earth covered by each satellite's footprint. Phased array antennas provide super high-gain earth coverages, enabling worldwide unscheduled access for all users, including small portable terminals and submarines. The six
552:
aircraft, in
February 2009. It is planned for other aircraft including the B-52, RC-135, E-4, and E-6 aircraft. Other installations will go into fixed and transportable command posts. It successfully interoperated with legacy communications using a command post terminal and the Army Single Channel
681:
The third AEHF satellite was launched from Cape
Canaveral on 18 September 2013 at 08:10 UTC. The two-hour window to launch the satellite opened at 07:04 UTC and the launch occurred as soon as weather-related clouds and high-altitude winds cleared sufficiently to meet the launch criteria.
336:
in
November 2001, and covered the System Development and Demonstration phase of the program. The contract covered the construction and launch of three satellites, and the construction of a mission control segment. The contract was managed by the MILSATCOM Program Office of the
320:
and 4.8 kbit/sā1.544 Mbit/s respectively. It also incorporates a new signal, allowing data rates of up to 8.192 Mbit/s. When complete, the space segment of the AEHF system will consist of six satellites, which provides coverage of the surface of the Earth between
659:(GAO) report released in July 2011 stated that the blocked fuel line in the liquid apogee engine was most likely caused by a piece of cloth inadvertently left in the line during the manufacturing process. While this is believed to have been the primary cause of the failure, a
490:
medium resolution coverage antennas (MRCA), are highly directional "spot" coverage; they can be time-shared to cover up to 24 targets. The two high-resolution coverage area antennas enable operations in the presence of in-beam jamming; the nulling antennas are part of the
651:
which is highly efficient, but low thrust. This took much longer than initially intended due to the lower starting altitude for the HCT maneuvers. This led to program delays, as the second and third satellite vehicle LAEs were analyzed.
429:(EELV). The payload weight at launch is approximately 9,000 kg (20,000 lb); by the time it expends propellants to achieve proper orbit, its weight is approximately 6,168 kg (13,598 lb). The satellites will operate in
663:
Selected
Acquisition Report adds that fuel loading procedures and unmet thermal control requirements could also have contributed. The remaining satellites were declared flight-ready a month prior to the release of the GAO report.
501:
used in most high-power military SHF/EHF applications. TWTs have a fixed power output; the newer devices allow varying the transmitted power, both for lowering the probability of intercept and for overall power efficiency.
518:
281:(SHF) band). The AEHF system is a joint service communications system that provides survivable, global, secure, protected, and jam-resistant communications for high-priority military ground, sea and air assets.
1527:
584:(CCAFS). This occurred four years behind schedule; when the contract was awarded in 2000 the first launch was expected to have taken place in 2006. The program was restructured in October 2004, when the
1190:
1574:
698:
The fifth AEHF satellite was launched on 8 August 2019 from Cape
Canaveral at 10:13 UTC using an Atlas V 551 rocket. A secondary payload named TDO-1 accompanied the AEHF-5 satellite into orbit.
1736:
1567:
673:
Completion of checkout of AEHF-2 was announced on 14 November 2012 and control turned over to the 14th Air Force for operations for an expected 14-year service life through 2026.
360:
It extends the "cross-links" among AEHF of earlier
Milstar satellites, which makes it much less vulnerable to attacks on ground stations. As a geosynchronous satellite over the
895:
Moreover, Capt Hill warned that US Air Force Space
Command's Advanced Extremely High Frequency (AEHF) satcom constellation can be ineffective above the 65th Parallel North
486:
Phased array technology is new in communications satellites, but increases reliability by removing the mechanical movement required for gimbaled, motor-driven antennas.
409:
predecessors, while increasing bandwidth over both. There will still need to be specialized satellite communications for extremely high data rate space sensors, such as
631:(LAE) provided by IHI failed to raise the orbit after two attempts. To solve the problem, the perigee altitude was raised to 4700 km with twelve firings of the smaller
1756:
690:
The fourth AEHF satellite was launched on 17 October 2018 from Cape
Canaveral at 04:15 UTC using an Atlas V 551 rocket operated by the United Launch Alliance (ULA).
417:
satellites, but their downlinked data will typically go to a specialized receiver and be processed into smaller amounts; the processed data will flow through AEHF.
907:
456:(SHF). The variety of frequencies used, as well as the desire to have tightly focused downlinks for security, require a range of antennas, seen in the picture:
505:
The payload flight software contains approximately 500,000 lines of real-time, distributed, embedded code executing simultaneously on 25 on-board processors.
1866:
1531:
491:
1881:
1876:
1201:
1473:
1581:
1851:
375:, still in the design phase, in favor of additional AEHF capacity. Individual AEHF satellites, exclusive of launch expenses, cost US$ 850 million.
372:
1018:
763:
839:
1496:
1310:
1044:
890:
971:
293:
to relay communications to and from users. Crosslinks between the satellites allow them to relay communications directly rather than via a
1337:
1145:
1000:
863:
648:
397:
Narrowband: principally for tactical use, sacrificing bandwidth for simplicity, reliability, and light weight of terrestrial equipment
325:
of 65Ā° north and 65Ā° south. For northern polar regions, the
Enhanced Polar System acts as an adjunct to AEHF to provide EHF coverage.
1063:
795:
1773:
1716:
1711:
1871:
1731:
1726:
1721:
402:
1751:
1258:
711:
577:
297:. The satellites are designed to provide jam-resistant communications with a low probability of interception. They incorporate
817:
1861:
1395:
660:
643:
were deployed and the orbit was raised toward the operational orbit over the course of nine months using the 0.27 Newton
383:
Prior to the AEHF, United States and allied military satellite communications systems fell into one of three categories:
1354:
707:
581:
911:
933:
298:
1088:
1846:
656:
338:
588:(NSA) did not deliver key cryptographic equipment to the payload contractor in time to meet the launch schedule.
350:
1788:
1517:
1421:
433:(GEO) orbit; it takes over 100 days for the orbital adjustments to reach its stable geo-position after launch.
426:
265:. The final satellite was launched on 26 March 2020. AEHF is backward compatible with, and replaces, the older
743:
342:
364:, it still needs to be supplemented with additional systems optimized for polar coverage in high latitudes.
1856:
1019:"Northrop Grumman Qualifies Extended Data Rate Software for Advanced EHF Military Communications Satellite"
604:
1522:
1793:
636:
1559:
1022:
640:
346:
242:
1741:
1594:
715:
316:
AEHF incorporates the existing Milstar low data-rate and medium data-rate signals, providing 75ā2400
238:
70:
585:
445:
274:
258:
254:
234:
1474:"ULA's Atlas 5 launches AEHF-6 communications satellite in its first mission for U.S. Space Force"
1355:"Protected Military Satellite Communication project marks successful launch out of Cape Canaveral"
1590:
410:
80:
979:
1783:
1680:
1334:
1685:
1629:
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1609:
250:
105:
1675:
1614:
706:
The sixth AEHF satellite was launched on 26 March 2020 at 20:18 UTC by an Atlas V 551 from
644:
628:
467:
453:
430:
414:
278:
246:
123:
622:
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Another change from existing satellites is using solid-state transmitters rather than the
328:
The initial contract for the design and development of the AEHF satellites was awarded to
8:
1262:
1141:
616:
517:
While there are a number of ground terminals, the airborne terminal has been part of the
498:
262:
735:
632:
541:
449:
391:
1447:
1168:
949:"Extreme Cost Growth Themes from Six US Air Force Major Defense Acquisition Programs"
948:
548:
as major subcontractors, the first FAB-T (Increment 1) was delivered, for use on the
306:
1372:
1128:
1695:
1284:
867:
545:
333:
50:
1341:
329:
46:
1237:
1093:, United States Government Accountability Office, 30 March 2007, archived from
600:
354:
294:
1840:
1223:
1112:
782:
310:
100:
60:
1497:"For the First Time, US Space Force Is Launching to Orbit on Atlas 5 Rocket"
1358:
1645:
1624:
1191:"Department of Defense, AEHF Selected Acquisition Report, 31 December 2010"
368:
302:
1090:
GAO-07-406SP Defense Acquisitions: Assessments of Selected Weapon Programs
367:
In the April 2009 Defense Department budget request, Secretary of Defense
1589:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1094:
623:
Failure of the kick motor, and recovery using the Hall-effect thrusters
549:
635:-provided Reaction Engine Assembly thrusters, originally intended for
1690:
1670:
1660:
1021:. Northrop Grumman Space Technology. 26 November 2007. Archived from
387:
Wideband: maximum bandwidth among fixed and semifixed earth stations
1665:
1655:
1650:
322:
317:
1045:"B-2 Bomber Receives First FAB-T Satellite Communication Terminal"
1808:
1803:
1768:
1746:
1222:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1111:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
781:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
603:
successfully placed the satellite into a supersynchronous-apogee
597:
573:
567:
530:
406:
361:
266:
213:
201:
289:
AEHF satellites use many narrow spot beams directed towards the
1762:
476:
441:
891:"USMC eyes improved Arctic communications systems, procedures"
572:
The first satellite, USA-214, was successfully launched by an
1555:
AEHF-3 Launch, SLC-41, CCAFS, 18 September 2013 @ 4:10 am EDT
1448:"Space Force launches its 1st mission with virus precautions"
796:"Two U.S. military satellite launches delayed into next year"
718:
mission since the establishment of the new military service.
612:
608:
494:
that helps discriminate true signals from electronic attack.
290:
270:
1528:
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License
1545:
AEHF-1 Launch, SLC-41, CCAFS, 14 August 2010 @ 7:07 am EDT
1526:, which is licensed in a way that permits reuse under the
1238:"Air Force recoups costs to save stranded AEHF satellite"
28:
1311:"Atlas V roars to life with Air Force satellite onboard"
1550:
AEHF-2 Launch, SLC-41, CCAFS, 04 May 2012 @ 2:42 pm EDT
241:. They are used to relay secure communications for the
1169:"Air Force satellite's epic ascent should finish soon"
1142:"Main engine probably not to blame for AEHF 1 trouble"
972:"Future U.S. Military Satellite Communication Systems"
639:
during the LAE engine burns. From this altitude, the
16:
Series of American military communications satellites
1827:
Designation believed to be this type but unconfirmed
1129:
Air Force satellite's epic ascent should finish soon
725:
341:. Like the Milstar system, AEHF are operated by the
1396:"Space Force's first launch scheduled for Thursday"
969:
521:(FAB-T) project. Other ground stations include the
1357:. The Maple Leaf. 23 November 2018. Archived from
401:AEHF, however, converges the role of its wideband
394:and other attacks, even if bandwidth is sacrificed
647:, also provided by Aerojet Rocketdyne, a form of
527:Secure Mobile Anti-jam Reliable Tactical Terminal
1838:
1061:
519:Family of Advanced Beyond Line-of-Sight-Terminal
373:Transformational Satellite Communications System
1523:"Advanced Extremely High Frequency (satellite)"
764:"AEHF Achieves Initial Operational Capability"
1575:
1393:
1304:
1302:
425:AEHF satellites are sent into space using an
523:Single-Channel Antijam Man-Portable Terminal
1867:Military space program of the United States
1494:
1344:United Launch Alliance, accessed 2013-09-17
576:531 launch vehicle on 14 August 2010, from
309:in order to block out potential sources of
261:. The system consists of six satellites in
1882:Military equipment introduced in the 2010s
1877:Equipment of the United States Space Force
1582:
1568:
1299:
1131:9 October 2011 (accessed 14 December 2011)
1123:
1121:
766:. Los Angeles Air Force Base. 30 July 2015
27:
1308:
420:
1488:
858:
856:
540:With Boeing as the prime contractor and
33:Artist's impression of an AEHF satellite
1852:Communications satellite constellations
1597:space vehicle designations (since 1962)
1373:"Atlas V AEHF-5 United Launch Alliance"
1118:
756:
403:Defense Satellite Communications System
1839:
1534:. All relevant terms must be followed.
1285:"Spaceflightnow Mission Status Center"
1259:"Spaceflightnow Mission Status Center"
946:
482:1 uplink/downlink Earth coverage horns
277:(EHF) band) and 20 GHz downlink (
1563:
1471:
1419:
1309:Halvorsen, Todd (18 September 2013).
1235:
853:
1445:
1422:"Space Force launches first mission"
1148:from the original on 23 October 2010
591:
1166:
970:Elfers G, Miller SB (Winter 2002),
744:Wideband Global SATCOM system (WGS)
701:
693:
685:
676:
667:
561:
463:2 satellite-to-satellite crosslinks
13:
866:. Northrop Grumman. Archived from
708:Cape Canaveral Space Force Station
14:
1893:
1538:
1520:, this article uses content from
1062:Robert S. Dudney (October 2012).
888:
427:Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle
334:Northrop Grumman Space Technology
227:Advanced Extremely High Frequency
22:Advanced Extremely High Frequency
1420:Kheel, Rebecca (26 March 2020).
1217:
1106:
798:. Spaceflight Now. 2 August 2017
776:
728:
657:Government Accountability Office
582:Cape Canaveral Air Force Station
553:Anti-jam Man Portable Terminal,
339:Space and Missile Systems Center
1472:Erwin, Sandra (26 March 2020).
1465:
1439:
1413:
1394:Stephen Clark (26 March 2020).
1387:
1365:
1347:
1328:
1277:
1251:
1236:Clark, Stephen (14 June 2011).
1229:
1183:
1160:
1134:
1081:
1055:
1037:
1011:
993:
976:Aerospace Corporation Crosslink
963:
714:. It was the first launch of a
351:148th Space Operations Squadron
1872:Satellites using the A2100 bus
1446:Dunn, Marcia (26 March 2020).
1167:Ray, Justin (9 October 2011).
940:
926:
900:
882:
864:"Advanced EHF Payloads (AEHF)"
832:
810:
788:
436:
390:Protected: survivable against
371:said he planned to cancel the
305:antennas that can adapt their
269:system and will operate at 44
115:6,168 kg (13,598 lb)
1:
1495:Brad Bergan (26 March 2020).
1127:Justin Ray, SPACEFLIGHT NOW,
1001:"Agile Antennas Aid Warriors"
947:Lorell, Mike (January 2015).
749:
556:
343:4th Space Operations Squadron
330:Lockheed Martin Space Systems
301:radio technology, as well as
1862:Telecommunications equipment
893:. Jane's Information Group.
820:. Los Angeles Air Force Base
460:2 SHF downlink phased arrays
7:
721:
508:
284:
10:
1898:
661:U.S. Department of Defense
565:
444:and crosslinks are in the
347:Schriever Space Force Base
243:United States Armed Forces
1817:
1704:
1638:
1602:
1499:. Interesting Engineering
818:"AEHF-5 Ready for Launch"
472:1 uplink EHF phased array
239:United States Space Force
235:communications satellites
220:
208:
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164:
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71:United States Space Force
66:
56:
42:
38:
26:
1335:Atlas V to Launch AEHF-3
1064:"Game Changers in Space"
627:The satellite vehicle's
586:National Security Agency
535:Submarine High Data Rate
446:extremely high frequency
378:
275:extremely high frequency
259:Australian Defence Force
255:Netherlands Armed Forces
233:) is a constellation of
1847:Military communications
934:"Enhanced Polar System"
840:"Northrop Grumman AEHF"
578:Space Launch Complex 41
81:Military communications
1824:Unofficial designation
1340:2 October 2013 at the
421:Launch and positioning
405:(DSCS) and protected
251:Canadian Armed Forces
1530:, but not under the
1361:on 24 December 2019.
1069:. Air Force Magazine
629:liquid apogee engine
499:traveling wave tubes
454:super high frequency
431:geosynchronous orbit
415:signals intelligence
279:super high frequency
263:geostationary orbits
247:British Armed Forces
124:Geosynchronous orbit
1857:Military satellites
649:electric propulsion
23:
1400:spaceflightnow.com
982:on 20 January 2012
914:on 11 October 2007
736:Spaceflight portal
633:Aerojet Rocketdyne
542:L-3 Communications
537:(Sub HDR) system.
492:electronic defense
475:6 uplink/downlink
466:2 uplink/downlink
392:electronic warfare
307:radiation patterns
133:14 years (planned)
21:
1834:
1833:
1287:. Spaceflight Now
1171:. Spaceflight Now
1051:, 2 February 2009
908:"Lockheed Martin"
615:of 50,000 km, an
592:Successful launch
299:frequency-hopping
224:
223:
57:Country of origin
1889:
1780:
1625:SLV-4 (Titan II)
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1452:Associated Press
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1275:
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1261:. Archived from
1255:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1233:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1207:on 26 March 2020
1206:
1200:. Archived from
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1025:on 13 April 2009
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978:, archived from
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910:. Archived from
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870:on 23 March 2010
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716:U.S. Space Force
702:AEHF-6 (USA-298)
694:AEHF-5 (USA-292)
686:AEHF-4 (USA-288)
677:AEHF-3 (USA-246)
668:AEHF-2 (USA-235)
637:attitude control
562:AEHF-1 (USA-214)
546:Rockwell Collins
468:nulling antennas
448:(EHF) while the
237:operated by the
200:14 August 2010 (
51:Northrop Grumman
31:
24:
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1342:Wayback Machine
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1198:www.esd.whs.mil
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951:. Research Gate
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889:White, Andrew.
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212:26 March 2020 (
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1539:External links
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1097:on 23 May 2011
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645:Hall thrusters
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611:of 275 km, an
605:transfer orbit
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1615:SLV-2 (Thor)
1525:
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1501:. Retrieved
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1005:AFCEA Signal
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369:Robert Gates
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77:Applications
43:Manufacturer
18:
1476:. SpaceNews
1291:28 November
1101:16 December
1007:, July 2005
874:11 November
617:inclination
437:Electronics
209:Last launch
189:Operational
158:Operational
130:Design life
112:Launch mass
1841:Categories
1705:Satellites
1603:SLV series
1152:19 October
750:References
619:of 22.1Ā°.
557:Satellites
550:B-2 Spirit
411:geospatial
150:Production
1639:SB series
1518:this edit
986:17 August
824:12 August
802:4 January
770:4 January
710:(CCSFS),
525:(SCAMP),
450:downlinks
323:latitudes
1503:28 April
1480:28 March
1457:28 March
1431:28 March
1426:The Hill
1338:Archived
1211:26 March
1146:Archived
1029:28 April
722:See also
509:Services
477:gimbaled
452:use the
349:and the
285:Overview
273:uplink (
257:and the
181:Launched
165:On order
67:Operator
1405:8 April
1379:10 June
1243:15 June
1175:7 April
1073:8 April
955:7 April
845:15 June
609:perigee
607:with a
598:Atlas V
580:at the
574:Atlas V
568:USA-214
533:), and
531:SMART-T
442:Uplinks
407:MILSTAR
362:equator
311:jamming
267:Milstar
214:USA-298
202:USA-214
1809:EWS-G2
1804:EWS-G1
1774:XSS-12
1769:XSS-11
1763:XSS-10
1696:ASB-11
1691:SSB-10
1516:As of
1049:Deagel
712:SLC-41
613:apogee
253:, the
249:, the
245:, the
160:Active
155:Status
120:Regime
106:A2100M
1799:ES-17
1794:LS-16
1789:LS-15
1784:ES-14
1757:LS-10
1686:SSB-9
1681:SSB-8
1676:SSB-7
1375:. ULA
1269:2 May
1205:(PDF)
1194:(PDF)
1067:(PDF)
379:Bands
318:bit/s
291:Earth
173:Built
1779:S-13
1765:(II)
1752:LS-9
1747:ES-8
1742:NS-7
1737:LS-6
1732:ES-5
1727:ES-4
1722:LS-3
1717:WS-2
1712:WS-1
1671:SB-6
1666:SB-5
1661:SB-4
1656:SB-3
1651:SB-2
1646:SB-1
1595:USSF
1593:and
1591:USAF
1532:GFDL
1505:2020
1482:2020
1459:2020
1433:2020
1407:2023
1381:2019
1322:2013
1293:2012
1271:2012
1245:2011
1213:2020
1177:2019
1154:2010
1103:2011
1075:2023
1031:2020
988:2018
957:2019
920:2007
876:2009
847:2011
826:2019
804:2018
772:2018
596:The
544:and
413:and
332:and
231:AEHF
1759:(I)
353:at
271:GHz
101:Bus
1843::
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192:5
184:6
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
