450:
482:
601:
135:
39:
419:
311:
that the features of clinical presentation may frequently differ based on the variant of adenomyomatosis, as the diffuse and segmental forms appear to have more significant inflammation and a higher incidence of gallstones compared to the localized form. Other symptoms are often related to frequently co-occurring gallbladder diseases such as gallstones, cholecystitis, and choledocholithiasis. These may present with fever, pain,
597:. Adenomyomectomy, a conservative surgery that removes the localized tumor but leaves the surrounding healthy uterus intact, is a potential uterine-sparing option for women with a uterine adenomyoma who wish to preserve their fertility, as some of the previously listed interventions decrease or eliminate the probability of successful future childbearing.
631:
development of gallbladder cancer. Several sources recommend surgery in cases where adenomyomatosis is difficult to distinguish from malignancy on diagnostic imaging. If well visualized diagnostically, the morphology of the lesion (diffuse/segmental/localized forms) may be an important factor in deciding between a surgical and conservative approach.
441:(also known as uterine fibroids). Careful evaluation of the margins of the mass, the vascular flow patterns through the tumor, and the degree to which the tumor distorts the uterus may aid in differentiating these masses with ultrasound. MRI is highly effective at distinguishing between uterine adenomyomas and leiomyomas.
465:(IVP) has also been used in some cases to assess for possible congenital anomalies of the kidneys. The appearance of these rare tumors on diagnostic imaging has not been extensively described, and in each case documented in the literature, the diagnosis was ultimately made after surgical removal using
664:
demonstrated different outcomes between diffuse and focal adenomyosis when treated with prolonged GnRH therapy prior to in vitro fertilization. Women with diffuse adenomyosis had higher pregnancy and live birth rates following prolonged GnRH therapy, whereas women with focal adenomyosis demonstrated
522:
Ultrasound is the preferred initial diagnostic choice for suspected gallbladder disease. Several distinct features of adenomyomatosis are discernable using ultrasound, making it a reliable modality for diagnosis. The most characteristic features seen on ultrasound are the
Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses,
364:
fusion during embryonic development, resulting in an abnormal uterus containing a horn-like structure. This horn may then be prone to breaking away and depositing elsewhere, later developing into an adenomyoma. As errors in MĂĽllerian duct fusion also impact the development of the kidneys, urinary
310:
Most patients with adenomyomatosis are asymptomatic. Among symptomatic patients, the most common symptom is abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant or epigastrium. Patients may also present with nausea, dyspepsia, or fatty food intolerance, likely due to altered flow of bile. Some data suggest
243:
There are three morphologic variants described in the literature – diffuse, segmental, and localized. Diffuse, also known as generalized, adenomyomatosis has a widespread distribution of hyperplastic changes and thickening across the gallbladder wall. The localized form of adenomyomatosis is also
648:
Though uterine-sparing surgery is not feasible for diffuse adenomyosis because of the widespread distribution of disease throughout the uterus, it is a possibility for focal adenomyosis due to the localized nature of the adenomyoma. However, these surgeries are performed with caution due to the
630:
Cholecystectomy, or surgical removal of the gallbladder, is the recommended treatment for patients with symptomatic adenomyomatosis. There is a lack of consensus as to the optimal management of asymptomatic patients, largely due to uncertainties about the possible role of adenomyomatosis in the
665:
no benefit. However, there are other studies with conflicting data based on the method of embryo transfer (such as frozen-thawed embryo transfer versus fresh embryo transfer) and no optimized treatment protocol has been established for patients with adenomyosis receiving fertility treatment.
539:
In some cases, gallbladder wall thickening may be seen on ultrasound but is poorly defined and lacking specificity, particularly if the characteristic
Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses are not visualized. This can make it difficult to distinguish adenomyomatosis from other conditions that result in
677:
Long-term outcomes after treatment are sparsely represented in prior studies, though a small number of cases reported recurrence of adenomyomas after surgery. In addition, some patients with extrauterine adenomyomas, particularly of the ovaries and uterine ligaments, also presented with
649:
complexity and potential for uterine rupture due to loss of tensile strength after surgery. There are a small number of studies that have demonstrated improved outcomes in pregnancy when combining conservative surgery with GnRH agonist therapy compared to either method alone.
644:
Although several treatments have demonstrated long-term improvements in symptoms such as pelvic pain and menorrhagia, there is no clear consensus on the optimal treatment based on the type of adenomyosis, and few studies distinguish between diffuse and focal adenomyosis.
404:
and unlikely to be the result of congenital malformation. The cell proliferation seen in adenomyomatosis is theorized to result from increased pressure inside the gallbladder due to abnormal muscle contractions or excessive absorption of bile by the gallbladder wall.
472:
On microscopic examination, patterns of smooth muscle and endometrial tissue must be assessed with care to differentiate adenomyomas from masses of similar appearances, such as endometriosis containing smooth muscle and leiomyomas containing endometriosis.
561:
Multiple medical and surgical approaches have been explored to treat uterine adenomyomas, and a patient’s symptoms and reproductive preferences must be considered carefully when choosing the most appropriate therapy. Medical treatments include
660:(IVF) compared to those without adenomyosis. Multiple studies have investigated the impact of GnRH agonist therapy on in vitro fertilization success in patients with adenomyosis. One study assessing patients with adenomyosis receiving fresh
289:
and a higher likelihood of infertility compared to women presenting with diffuse adenomyosis. However, a causal link between adenomyomas and the development of infertility has not been established, and further investigation is needed.
694:
of gallbladder cancer remains unclear. Previous studies have highlighted several cases of adenomyomatosis associated with gallbladder malignancy, with a particularly strong correlation between segmental adenomyomatosis and
348:
No exact risk factors have been described for adenomyomas that develop outside the uterus. A history of prolonged hormone therapy is reported in two cases of patients diagnosed with an extrauterine adenomyoma, including
183:
Though less common, adenomyomas with endometrial tissue can also be found outside the uterus. The majority of cases of extrauterine adenomyomas described in the literature have been located in the pelvis, growing on the
376:
in areas of pre-existing endometriosis. In this theory, areas of endometrial tissue that have developed outside the uterus (endometriosis) undergo cellular changes that provide the muscular component of the adenomyoma.
732:
Much less common than the intrauterine counterpart, one review found 34 cases of extrauterine adenomyoma described in the literature. The ages of affected women at diagnosis have had a wide range from 17 to 70 years.
613:
Surgical intervention serves as the main diagnostic and treatment approach. The surgical technique applied for tumor excision highly depends on the mass’s location, with gynecologic surgeries such as hysterectomy and
668:
In the case of juvenile cystic adenomyoma, laparoscopic enucleation results in a statistically and clinically significant reduction in dysmenorrhea, ease in any chronic pelvic pain, and low risk of recurrence.
434:(MRI). Though surgical excision and microscopic examination of the tumor allow for a definitive diagnosis, these imaging studies offer a non-invasive approach and have a sufficient resolution for a diagnosis.
535:
known as "comet tails" (produced by reverberations of sound between the sinuses). Ultrasound can also distinguish between diffuse, segmental, and localized variants of adenomyomatosis based on morphology.
1310:
Takeuchi H, Kitade M, Kikuchi I, Kumakiri J, Kuroda K, Jinushi M (June 2009). "Diagnosis, laparoscopic management, and histopathologic findings of juvenile cystic adenomyoma: a review of nine cases".
302:
and/or infertility. In half the cases described in the literature, the patient had a history of gynecologic surgery before diagnosis, and several patients also had a medical history of endometriosis.
167:. In contrast, a uterine adenomyoma is an isolated nodular mass of endometrial tissue with surrounding smooth muscle, either embedded within the myometrium or extending from the endometrium into the
779:
2139:
357:
agonist. Though adenomyosis has demonstrated sensitivity to estrogen, further investigation is needed to explore the relationship between hormone therapy and extrauterine adenomyomas.
385:
The specific cause of gallbladder adenomyomatosis remains unclear. Some of the risk factors for gallstone formation have also been reported in patients with adenomyomatosis such as
741:
Adenomyomatosis is discovered in approximately 5% of cholecystectomy specimens. Most patients who are diagnosed are in their 50s or older, with a rare few cases found in children.
336:
expressed in adenomyomas located in the inner part of the myometrium versus the outer part of the myometrium, it is possible that adenomyomas can also result from the invasion of
618:
a common choice for pelvic adenomyomas. Hormone therapy has also been combined with surgery in several cases, such as gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists, progesterone, and
244:
known as a gallbladder adenomyoma (in a similar manner that uterine adenomyoma is the localized variant of adenomyosis). The localized form is a single mass, typically in the
540:
gallbladder wall thickening such as gallbladder cancer. In these cases, MRI can prove helpful in providing the resolution needed for diagnosis. Especially effective is the
1422:
1957:
224:. The excessive proliferation of epithelial cells causes the mucosa to invaginate into the muscular layer lining the gallbladder wall, resulting in characteristic
1364:
1977:
298:
The most frequent complaint in cases of extrauterine adenomyomas is pain in the pelvis or abdomen, with a small proportion of women also presenting with
2100:
1091:
Pellino, Gianluca; Sciaudone, Guido; Candilio, Giuseppe; Perna, Giuseppe; Santoriello, Antonio; Canonico, Silvestro; Selvaggi, Francesco (April 2013).
285:, with about one in three affected women remaining asymptomatic. Women with uterine adenomyomas (focal adenomyosis) more commonly have co-existing
252:
of the gallbladder in the form of a polyp. The segmental form is characterized by its annular (ring-shaped) distribution of adenomyomatosis in the
1187:
Parolini, Filippo; Indolfi, Giuseppe; Magne, Miguel Garcia; Salemme, Marianna; Cheli, Maurizio; Boroni, Giovanni; Alberti, Daniele (2016-05-08).
360:
Several theories have been hypothesized to explain the pathogenesis. One theory describes extrauterine adenomyomas resulting from an error in
192:, and space surrounding the rectum. Several cases have been located outside of the pelvis, such as in the liver, appendix, upper abdomen, and
1415:
581:
A variety of effective procedures are also available if medical therapy is unsuccessful. These include minimally invasive procedures like
2464:
1408:
548:
cystic spaces that align in a curvilinear fashion along the gallbladder wall in a pattern described as the ”pearl necklace sign”.
332:
due to chronic uterine contractions allow endometrial tissue to pass into the neighboring myometrium. Based on differences in the
2540:
2449:
1255:
Cozzolino, Mauro; Tartaglia, Silvio; Pellegrini, Livia; Troiano, Gianmarco; Rizzo, Giuseppe; Petraglia, Felice (November 2022).
2093:
575:
2530:
2421:
2258:
1778:
1625:
784:
328:
The underlying cause is not fully understood. A prominent theory is the invagination theory, in which tissue injuries and
2459:
2220:
2176:
1461:
563:
449:
2444:
1189:"Adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder in childhood: A systematic review of the literature and an additional case report"
2614:
2545:
2487:
2086:
1538:
582:
2588:
2454:
2144:
2029:
578:. These hormonal drugs target sex hormones that help govern the growth of endometrial tissue found in adenomyomas.
2583:
1797:
1506:
2238:
1573:
1558:
1553:
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tract, and genitals, this theory would explain the multiple cases of extrauterine adenomyomas with co-existing
354:
724:
were black women and women aged 40–45 years, with women in their early 40s the most likely to be symptomatic.
1671:
1578:
531:
foci when filled with normal bile. Other key features that may be seen include wall thickening and ring-down
922:
Paul, P.G.; Gulati, Gunjan; Shintre, Hemant; Mannur, Sumina; Paul, George; Mehta, Santwan (September 2018).
491:
Adenomyomatosis is frequently associated with gallstones and is often diagnosed incidentally, either from a
437:
Diagnosis with transvaginal ultrasonography can potentially be challenging due to the similar appearance of
196:
of the small bowel. There have also been patients with adenomyomas found at multiple locations in the body.
2426:
2201:
1972:
1962:
1683:
750:
1620:
699:. Further studies are required to further elucidate the relationship between adenomyomatosis and cancer.
586:
652:
Patients with adenomyosis have been found to have lower successful live birth rates and higher rates of
2161:
1900:
1476:
721:
431:
394:
2593:
2024:
1912:
1693:
567:
503:
exists to specify adenomyomatosis and laboratory studies are often normal. Co-existing diseases like
481:
690:
Though itself considered a benign disease, the potential role of gallbladder adenomyomatosis in the
38:
2416:
1563:
1372:
713:
278:
95:. Adenomyomas containing endometrial glands are also found outside of the uterus, most commonly on
2508:
2281:
2009:
2568:
1991:
1749:
1593:
1533:
1485:
923:
427:
72:
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1827:
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1635:
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512:
397:, but whether these are also risk factors for adenomyomatosis requires further investigation.
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2344:
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615:
571:
245:
2166:
2014:
1859:
1583:
1511:
600:
590:
401:
361:
96:
1257:"The Effect of Uterine Adenomyosis on IVF Outcomes: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"
544:
at visualizing the pathognomonic
Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses, which appear as round-shaped
8:
2286:
2233:
2078:
2004:
1930:
1812:
1612:
1588:
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1223:
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134:
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566:(NSAIDs) used for pelvic and menstrual pain and hormonally active medications such as
418:
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2113:
2067:
2039:
1947:
1807:
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1327:
1323:
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27:
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Another theory suggests that extrauterine adenomyomas may result from smooth muscle
2183:
2121:
1896:
1792:
1730:
1666:
1319:
1268:
1218:
1200:
1104:
935:
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may result in abnormal test results, such as elevated levels of white blood cells (
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172:
112:
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2436:
2383:
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2310:
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2019:
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1001:
691:
545:
229:
221:
168:
1093:"Stepwise approach and surgery for gallbladder adenomyomatosis: a mini-review"
837:
426:
The most common diagnostic imaging modalities for uterine adenomyosis include
2608:
2560:
2550:
2305:
1280:
1214:
1116:
863:
838:"Uterine adenomyoma—what we know, and what we don't know: a narrative review"
504:
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286:
164:
88:
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The clinical features of uterine adenomyosis vary widely and may include
213:
152:
148:
116:
104:
84:
80:
1356:
928:
European
Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology
151:. Adenomyosis most commonly presents with numerous small collections of
2375:
1848:
854:
717:
712:
Data collected from over 300,000 women in the United States suggest an
679:
373:
160:
92:
228:
known as
Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses. These sinuses may be filled with
75:, and several variants have been described in the medical literature.
1925:
1868:
1817:
1383:
466:
462:
237:
193:
340:
endometrial cells originating from nearby regions of endometriosis.
2573:
2474:
2301:
1438:
1254:
500:
350:
312:
189:
32:
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of the gallbladder, often giving it an hourglass-like appearance.
2253:
2243:
1521:
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458:
333:
1757:
1657:
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100:
76:
64:
1430:
2109:
1844:
1309:
1090:
185:
56:
1186:
2108:
453:
Adenomyoma of the ovary. Smooth muscle actin immunostain.
921:
457:
The most common imaging techniques include ultrasound,
1958:
Multiple cutaneous and uterine leiomyomatosis syndrome
1097:
Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic
Diseases International
924:"Extrauterine adenomyoma: a review of the literature"
486:
422:
Histopathology of uterine adenomyosis. H&E stain.
99:
but can also develop at distant sites outside of the
1346:
138:
High magnification micrograph of uterine adenomyoma.
527:foci when filled with biliary sludge/gallstones or
2606:
147:Uterine adenomyoma is the focal form of uterine
1008:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
835:
2094:
1416:
836:Latif, Sania; Saridogan, Ertan (2022-09-25).
727:
672:
608:
444:
343:
293:
212:disease of the gallbladder characterized by
736:
685:
625:
604:Adenomyoma of the ovary. Surgical specimen.
476:
380:
305:
2101:
2087:
1423:
1409:
1000:Joshi, Jonathan K.; Kirk, Lindsey (2022),
178:
79:adenomyoma, the localized form of uterine
37:
1222:
1204:
999:
853:
400:The disease is currently thought to be a
199:
599:
480:
448:
417:
133:
2541:Clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
707:
639:
576:gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists
556:
413:
323:
264:
2607:
2531:Squamous-cell carcinoma of the vagina
2422:Endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia
2082:
1404:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
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1154:
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905:
903:
901:
831:
829:
827:
825:
823:
821:
819:
817:
815:
813:
355:gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
259:
142:
2259:Sex cord tumour with annular tubules
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1193:World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
983:
981:
979:
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973:
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967:
965:
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897:
895:
893:
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885:
883:
881:
811:
809:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
793:
564:nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
55:) including components derived from
2177:Papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma
2154:
1462:Desmoplastic small-round-cell tumor
720:with the highest incidence in this
220:and smooth muscle cells inside the
13:
2445:Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
2417:Uterine papillary serous carcinoma
682:growths in the ovaries or uterus.
589:and more invasive options such as
572:estrogen-containing contraceptives
107:adenomyoma, the localized form of
14:
2626:
2546:Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia
2488:Gestational trophoblastic disease
1539:Aggressive infantile fibromatosis
1342:
1239:
1131:
1025:
962:
878:
790:
716:of about 1% for adenomyosis. The
583:high-intensity focused ultrasound
163:, intermixed with the myometrial
129:
2589:Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia
2030:Clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney
1324:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.05.010
159:spread diffusely throughout the
1798:Intradermal spindle cell lipoma
1507:Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
702:
115:in the gallbladder composed of
1626:Malignant fibrous histiocytoma
1574:Infantile digital fibromatosis
1559:Familial myxovascular fibromas
1554:Diffuse infantile fibromatosis
1303:
842:Gynecology and Pelvic Medicine
773:
369:of these anatomic structures.
1:
2465:Villoglandular adenocarcinoma
1672:Superficial acral fibromyxoma
1579:Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis
1109:10.1016/s1499-3872(13)60022-3
766:
2584:Extramammary Paget's disease
2427:Uterine clear-cell carcinoma
2202:Ovarian clear-cell carcinoma
1973:Solitary cutaneous leiomyoma
1963:Multiple cutaneous leiomyoma
1684:Ossifying fibromyxoid tumour
940:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.06.021
785:Dorland's Medical Dictionary
751:Atypical polypoid adenomyoma
634:
551:
428:transvaginal ultrasonography
408:
393:abnormalities, obesity, and
7:
1621:Benign fibrous histiocytoma
744:
587:uterine artery embolization
10:
2631:
2384:Uterine fibroids/leiomyoma
2239:Sertoli–Leydig cell tumour
2162:Ovarian serous cystadenoma
1901:Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
1477:Connective tissue neoplasm
1273:10.1007/s43032-021-00818-6
722:retrospective cohort study
432:magnetic resonance imaging
395:inflammatory bowel disease
248:, that protrudes into the
2594:Bartholin gland carcinoma
2559:
2536:Botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma
2521:
2496:
2473:
2435:
2402:
2374:
2365:
2343:
2321:
2267:
2219:
2192:
2138:
2129:
2120:
2053:
2025:Malignant rhabdoid tumour
1992:Complex mixed and stromal
1990:
1921:
1913:Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma
1881:
1857:
1835:
1826:
1748:
1720:
1692:
1648:
1607:
1520:
1493:
1484:
1475:
1449:
1350:
318:
83:, is a tumor composed of
26:
21:
2615:Gynaecological neoplasia
2221:Sex cord–gonadal stromal
2140:Glandular and epithelial
1564:Fibroma of tendon sheath
523:which present either as
367:congenital abnormalities
85:endometrial gland tissue
1594:Oral submucous fibrosis
1534:Aggressive fibromatosis
1450:Not otherwise specified
728:Extrauterine Adenomyoma
673:Extrauterine Adenomyoma
609:Extrauterine Adenomyoma
463:Intravenous pyelography
445:Extrauterine Adenomyoma
344:Extrauterine Adenomyoma
294:Extrauterine Adenomyoma
179:Extrauterine Adenomyoma
73:complex and mixed tumor
2292:Endodermal sinus tumor
1636:Solitary fibrous tumor
1631:Atypical fibroxanthoma
1206:10.5409/wjcp.v5.i2.223
737:Gallbladder Adenomyoma
686:Gallbladder Adenomyoma
658:in vitro fertilization
626:Gallbladder Adenomyoma
605:
488:
477:Gallbladder Adenomyoma
454:
423:
381:Gallbladder Adenomyoma
306:Gallbladder Adenomyoma
200:Gallbladder Adenomyoma
139:
2579:Papillary hidradenoma
2509:Mixed MĂĽllerian tumor
2460:Glassy-cell carcinoma
2249:Granulosa cell tumour
2010:Mixed MĂĽllerian tumor
1261:Reproductive Sciences
697:gallbladder carcinoma
616:salpingo-oophorectomy
603:
484:
452:
421:
315:, or other symptoms.
137:
2450:Clear-cell carcinoma
2167:Mucinous cystadenoma
2015:Mesoblastic nephroma
1584:Plantar fibromatosis
1512:Desmoplastic fibroma
620:aromatase inhibitors
591:endometrial ablation
402:degenerative process
330:inflammatory changes
234:cholesterol crystals
2287:Embryonal carcinoma
2234:Sertoli cell tumour
2145:surface epithelial-
2005:Pleomorphic adenoma
1813:Spindle cell lipoma
1613:histiocytic sarcoma
1589:Pleomorphic fibroma
1549:Collagenous fibroma
1544:Aponeurotic fibroma
1457:Soft-tissue sarcoma
459:computed tomography
71:). It is a type of
2412:Endometrioid tumor
2229:Leydig cell tumour
2197:Endometrioid tumor
2172:Cystadenocarcinoma
1968:Neural fibrolipoma
1943:Angiolipoleiomyoma
1906:Sarcoma botryoides
1803:Pleomorphic lipoma
1772:Myxoid liposarcoma
1736:Clear-cell sarcoma
1569:Fibromatosis colli
855:10.21037/gpm-21-50
708:Uterine Adenomyoma
640:Uterine Adenomyoma
606:
557:Uterine Adenomyoma
517:hyperbilirubinemia
511:), liver enzymes (
489:
455:
439:uterine leiomyomas
424:
414:Uterine Adenomyoma
324:Uterine Adenomyoma
265:Uterine Adenomyoma
260:Signs and symptoms
222:muscularis propria
218:mucosal epithelium
153:endometrial glands
143:Uterine Adenomyoma
140:
124:muscularis propria
120:mucosal epithelium
97:the uterine adnexa
2602:
2601:
2517:
2516:
2361:
2360:
2353:Adenomatoid tumor
2339:
2338:
2215:
2214:
2114:urogenital system
2076:
2075:
2068:Adenomatoid tumor
2040:Pancreatoblastoma
1986:
1985:
1948:Genital leiomyoma
1808:Lipoblastomatosis
1744:
1743:
1644:
1643:
1599:Pachydermodactyly
1398:
1397:
1267:(11): 3177–3193.
1002:"Adenomyomatosis"
515:), or bilirubin (
387:hemolytic disease
300:abnormal bleeding
171:in the form of a
46:
45:
16:Medical condition
2622:
2372:
2371:
2282:Nongerminomatous
2184:Krukenberg tumor
2152:
2151:
2136:
2135:
2127:
2126:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2080:
2079:
1897:rhabdomyosarcoma
1886:
1862:
1838:
1833:
1832:
1793:Chondroid lipoma
1731:Synovial sarcoma
1667:Cutaneous myxoma
1491:
1490:
1482:
1481:
1425:
1418:
1411:
1402:
1401:
1348:
1347:
1336:
1335:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1252:
1237:
1236:
1226:
1208:
1184:
1129:
1128:
1088:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1020:
997:
960:
959:
919:
876:
875:
857:
833:
788:
777:
42:
41:
19:
18:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2598:
2555:
2513:
2504:Uterine sarcoma
2492:
2483:Choriocarcinoma
2469:
2431:
2398:
2357:
2335:
2331:Meigs' syndrome
2317:
2311:Choriocarcinoma
2263:
2211:
2188:
2146:
2143:
2116:
2107:
2077:
2072:
2049:
1982:
1917:
1884:Skeletal muscle
1882:
1877:
1858:
1853:
1836:
1822:
1740:
1716:
1712:Phyllodes tumor
1694:Fibroepithelial
1688:
1640:
1603:
1516:
1471:
1445:
1429:
1399:
1394:
1393:
1359:
1345:
1340:
1339:
1308:
1304:
1253:
1240:
1185:
1132:
1089:
1026:
1018:
1016:
998:
963:
920:
879:
834:
791:
778:
774:
769:
761:Adenomyomatosis
747:
739:
730:
710:
705:
688:
675:
662:embryo transfer
642:
637:
628:
611:
559:
554:
542:T2-weighted MRI
493:cholecystectomy
479:
461:(CT), and MRI.
447:
416:
411:
383:
346:
326:
321:
308:
296:
267:
262:
206:adenomyomatosis
202:
181:
145:
132:
109:adenomyomatosis
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2628:
2618:
2617:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2565:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2527:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2511:
2506:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2479:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2441:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2408:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2389:Leiomyosarcoma
2386:
2380:
2378:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2349:
2347:
2345:Fallopian tube
2341:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2327:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2308:
2299:
2297:Gonadoblastoma
2294:
2289:
2279:
2273:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2225:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2207:Brenner tumour
2204:
2199:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2180:
2179:
2169:
2164:
2158:
2156:
2149:
2133:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2112:of the female
2106:
2105:
2098:
2091:
2083:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2059:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2045:Carcinosarcoma
2042:
2037:
2035:Hepatoblastoma
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1996:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1953:Leiomyosarcoma
1950:
1945:
1940:
1938:Angioleiomyoma
1935:
1934:
1933:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1889:
1887:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1873:leiomyosarcoma
1865:
1863:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1851:
1841:
1839:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1784:Angiomyolipoma
1776:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1754:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1727:
1725:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1702:Brenner tumour
1698:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1654:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1617:
1615:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1530:
1528:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1503:
1501:
1488:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1446:
1428:
1427:
1420:
1413:
1405:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1380:
1369:
1360:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1351:Classification
1344:
1343:External links
1341:
1338:
1337:
1318:(3): 862–868.
1312:Fertil. Steril
1302:
1238:
1199:(2): 223–227.
1130:
1103:(2): 136–142.
1024:
961:
877:
789:
771:
770:
768:
765:
764:
763:
758:
753:
746:
743:
738:
735:
729:
726:
709:
706:
704:
701:
692:carcinogenesis
687:
684:
674:
671:
641:
638:
636:
633:
627:
624:
610:
607:
558:
555:
553:
550:
501:serologic test
478:
475:
446:
443:
415:
412:
410:
407:
382:
379:
362:MĂĽllerian duct
345:
342:
325:
322:
320:
317:
307:
304:
295:
292:
266:
263:
261:
258:
230:biliary sludge
201:
198:
180:
177:
169:uterine cavity
144:
141:
131:
130:Classification
128:
113:polypoid tumor
44:
43:
30:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2627:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2552:
2551:Vaginal cysts
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2401:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2306:Struma ovarii
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2185:
2182:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2147:stromal tumor
2141:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2104:
2099:
2097:
2092:
2090:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1880:
1874:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1860:Smooth muscle
1856:
1850:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1780:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1719:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1426:
1421:
1419:
1414:
1412:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1353:
1349:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1306:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
974:
972:
970:
968:
966:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
918:
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
904:
902:
900:
898:
896:
894:
892:
890:
888:
886:
884:
882:
873:
869:
865:
861:
856:
851:
847:
843:
839:
832:
830:
828:
826:
824:
822:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
794:
787:
786:
781:
776:
772:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
748:
742:
734:
725:
723:
719:
715:
700:
698:
693:
683:
681:
670:
666:
663:
659:
655:
650:
646:
632:
623:
621:
617:
602:
598:
596:
592:
588:
584:
579:
577:
573:
569:
565:
549:
547:
543:
537:
534:
530:
526:
520:
518:
514:
513:transaminitis
510:
506:
505:cholecystitis
502:
498:
494:
487:
483:
474:
470:
468:
464:
460:
451:
442:
440:
435:
433:
429:
420:
406:
403:
398:
396:
392:
389:, congenital
388:
378:
375:
370:
368:
363:
358:
356:
352:
341:
339:
335:
331:
316:
314:
303:
301:
291:
288:
287:endometriosis
284:
280:
276:
272:
257:
255:
251:
247:
241:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
197:
195:
191:
187:
176:
174:
170:
166:
165:smooth muscle
162:
158:
154:
150:
136:
127:
125:
121:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
89:smooth muscle
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
40:
34:
31:
29:
25:
20:
2393:
2277:Dysgerminoma
2063:Mesothelioma
2020:Wilms' tumor
1999:
1707:Fibroadenoma
1609:Histiocytoma
1526:fibromatosis
1499:fibrosarcoma
1467:Skin sarcoma
1382:
1371:
1363:
1315:
1311:
1305:
1264:
1260:
1196:
1192:
1100:
1096:
1017:, retrieved
1005:
931:
927:
845:
841:
783:
780:"adenomyoma"
775:
740:
731:
711:
703:Epidemiology
689:
676:
667:
651:
647:
643:
629:
612:
595:hysterectomy
580:
560:
546:hyperintense
538:
521:
509:leukocytosis
495:specimen or
490:
485:
471:
456:
436:
425:
399:
384:
371:
359:
347:
327:
309:
297:
271:dysmenorrhea
268:
242:
204:Gallbladder
203:
182:
146:
117:hyperplastic
68:
60:
52:
51:is a tumor (
48:
47:
2404:Endometrium
2055:Mesothelial
1893:Rhabdomyoma
1767:Myelolipoma
1762:liposarcoma
1679:Angiomyxoma
1662:myxosarcoma
1486:Fibromatous
1436:soft tissue
934:: 130–136.
756:Adenomyosis
718:demographic
654:miscarriage
529:anechogenic
283:infertility
279:menorrhagia
275:pelvic pain
226:diverticula
214:hyperplasia
149:adenomyosis
105:Gallbladder
81:adenomyosis
2394:Adenomyoma
2376:Myometrium
2000:Adenomyoma
1849:myosarcoma
1750:Lipomatous
1650:Myxomatous
1432:Connective
1019:2023-01-28
1006:StatPearls
767:References
656:following
568:progestins
469:analysis.
467:histologic
430:(TVS) and
374:metaplasia
238:gallstones
188:, uterine
161:myometrium
93:myometrium
49:Adenomyoma
22:Adenomyoma
2269:Germ cell
1931:Cutaneous
1926:Leiomyoma
1869:Leiomyoma
1828:Myomatous
1818:Hibernoma
1384:SNOMED CT
1297:245654611
1281:1933-7191
1215:2219-2808
1117:1499-3872
872:250290892
864:2617-4499
714:incidence
680:malignant
635:Prognosis
552:Treatment
533:artifacts
525:echogenic
409:Diagnosis
281:, and/or
194:mesentery
190:ligaments
28:Specialty
2609:Category
2574:Melanoma
2475:Placenta
2302:Teratoma
1722:Synovial
1443:sarcomas
1389:40293003
1368:: 8932/0
1332:19539912
1289:34981458
1233:27170933
1125:23558066
1014:29489201
956:49476487
948:29940416
745:See also
351:estrogen
334:proteins
313:jaundice
33:Oncology
2497:General
2323:Fibroma
2254:Luteoma
2244:Thecoma
2131:Ovaries
1837:General
1522:Fibroma
1495:Fibroma
1378:D018194
1224:4857236
497:autopsy
391:biliary
338:ectopic
216:of the
186:ovaries
111:, is a
91:in the
77:Uterine
2523:Vagina
2437:Cervix
2367:Uterus
2122:Adnexa
2110:Tumors
1779:PEComa
1758:Lipoma
1658:Myxoma
1439:tumors
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353:and a
319:Causes
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210:benign
157:stroma
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1978:STUMP
1845:Myoma
1724:-like
1365:ICD-O
1293:S2CID
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868:S2CID
499:. No
250:lumen
236:, or
208:is a
173:polyp
2155:CMS:
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1373:MeSH
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1285:PMID
1277:ISSN
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944:PMID
860:ISSN
254:body
155:and
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53:-oma
2569:SCC
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1320:doi
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