1452:
1376:
1737:
51:
1437:
1235:, the speed limit was up to 100 km/h (60 mph), but has been limited to 85 km/h (55 mph) since late 2012. On some sections 115 km/h (70 mph) was achieved in tests. The average service speed including stops is about 60 km/h (35 mph). On entering interchanges the O-Bahn ends and the speed limit is 40 km/h (25 mph). In the interchange area, the speed limit is 20 km/h (10 mph). The O-Bahn is officially considered a road, due to a court ruling in the early years of the system's operation. This ruling permits the
1155:. Interchanges allow buses to enter and exit the busway and to continue on suburban routes, avoiding the need for passengers to transfer to another bus to continue their journey. Buses can travel at a maximum speed of 100 km/h (60 mph), but are restricted to 90 km/h (55 mph). As of 2015, the busway carried approximately 31,000 people per weekday. An additional section including a 670-metre (2,200 ft) tunnel opened in 2017 at the city end to reduce the number of congested intersections buses must traverse to enter the Adelaide city centre.
1917:
916:
645:
401:
1444:
2076:
1175:
1847:
770:
704:
520:
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456:
295:
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1019:
997:
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836:
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748:
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608:
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380:
347:
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303:
42:
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1041:
489:
427:
326:
1760:(MATS) that envisaged a 156-kilometre (97 mi) network of 10 freeways crossing the metropolitan area, a rapid rail network, and an underground city loop railway. MATS drew massive public opposition, as it called for the acquisition of thousands of properties and would effectively supplant a number of suburbs that were to become the sites of interchanges. Arguments broke out in Parliament, and widespread images of
975:
931:
880:
419:
388:
355:
271:
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792:
682:
497:
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1889:
were drawn up for a length of 12 kilometres (7.5 mi): initially only three kilometres (1.9 mi) were to be constructed as O-Bahn, with the rest being conventional busway. However, safety concerns and public opposition led to O-Bahn being used for the entire length. Construction began in 1983 for the first section to
2007:
In 2015, the
Department of Planning, Transport & Infrastructure announced a $ 160 million proposed O-Bahn City Access Project. The existing entry/exit at Hackney Road was retained, but upgraded bus-only lanes on Hackney Road now lead to a new tunnel portal with bus guide rails commencing near the
1907:
The O-Bahn had more than 4 million passenger trips in the year after completion of Stage 1 in 1986, with a 30% increase the following year. When the completed O-Bahn was opened on 20 August 1989, passenger numbers rose another 17%. The
Adelaide public transport system was privatised in the 1990s
1888:
engineers decided the O-Bahn could be used. The system was seen as far superior to previous proposals; it used less land, made less noise, was faster and cost less. In addition, its unique feature of a non-transfer service direct from suburban streets to the city centre made it more attractive. Plans
1346:
The guide-wheel, which protrudes just ahead of the front wheels, is the most important part of the bus when travelling on the O-Bahn. It is connected directly to the steering mechanism, and steers the bus by running along the raised edge of the track. While it is not strictly necessary for drivers to
1202:
were cast into the ground to ensure stability, to a depth of up to four metres (13 ft). The width of both tracks, sitting on the sleepers, is 6.2 metres (20 ft). The O-Bahn's concrete tracks were narrower and lighter than those of the initially proposed light rail development, and put less
1768:
approved implementation of the plan in a modified format, and the government began to purchase property along the proposed corridors. In mid-1969, faced with ongoing opposition, the state abandoned plans for 2 of the 10 proposed freeways. Hall was voted out of office in 1970, and the new government
1342:
In the case of breakdowns, a specially designed vehicle nicknamed 'Dumbo' is used to tow buses from the O-Bahn. In the early stages of design it was intended that all buses would have towing ability; however, this was soundly rejected by the drivers' union and 'Dumbo' was purchased. If a tyre blows
2049:
The O-Bahn has caused a clustering of commercial and community development near the Tea Tree Plaza
Interchange, as service-providing organisations and businesses have sought to exploit the area's easy accessibility to public transport and the city centre. Market imperatives have also been aided by
1355:
before stations is a reminder that they need to resume control. The guide-wheel is the most delicate part of the system and is designed to snap off upon sharp impact; before the O-Bahn was in place, a number of buses were fitted with guide-wheels for their ordinary routes to test their durability.
2040:
in
October 2015. Sage Automation provided expertise in the mechanical and electrical aspects of the tunnel including ventilation and safety systems. Construction started in March 2016 with the removal of the median strip and preparation of central bus lanes. The tunnel opened on 10 December 2017,
1947:
A southern O-Bahn proposal attracted the most attention and has been the subject of various studies and
Parliamentary Committees as to its viability since 1996. The rail route through Adelaide's far south is off-centre, without the large catchment area of a more central transport route. An O-Bahn
1752:
established a Town
Planning Committee and commissioned a coordinated plan to guide the future development of Adelaide. The resulting 300-page study, "Report on the Metropolitan Area of Adelaide 1962", laid out a 30-year development plan, including a proposed 98 kilometres (61 mi) of improved
2098:
was created. About 150,000 trees, plants and shrubs were planted alongside the track for aesthetic, environmental and noise-reduction purposes; planting was completed in 1997. Walking trails and cycling paths were built along the park to encourage public use. Torrens Linear Park rejuvenated the
2062:
was built directly to the east of the busway after it opened. One government high school, three primary schools, one
Christian school and three retirement villages are within a kilometre of the interchange. In contrast, there has been opposition to the area surrounding Klemzig Interchange and
1931:
or build other routes, but none have progressed beyond consultation. An extension to Golden Grove would require the acquisition of extensive tracts of private property, due to the absence of an available corridor. Population increase in the area is negligible, although sprawl continues from
1908:
and overall patronage across all systems (bus, rail and tram) dropped 25%. The exception to this was the O-Bahn with no decrease, and there were 19,500 passenger trips daily in 1996 (7.13 million a year). As of 2015, the busway carries approximately 31,000 people per weekday.
1494:
The busway follows roughly the
Torrens River valley, but with smoother curves. This means that it crosses the river quite often, with either a park or a few houses on a point surrounded by the river and busway. This occurs a total of eight times before the busway reaches
1824:
objected to the plan on the basis that it would interfere with the well-designed layout of the city proper. In response, the government altered the plan to redirect the line underneath the city, at a considerable increase in cost. Residents in inner-city suburbs such as
1829:
were concerned about the noise of the light rail vehicles, and protested against any disruption of the
Torrens Gorge in the Modbury corridor. Test drilling commenced for the tunnel, but the entire light rail project was halted in 1980 after Premier
1214:
into the parklands. The O-Bahn enters an 670-metre (2,200 ft) tunnel, completed in
December 2017, which curves from east to north, emerging onto bus lanes in the middle of Hackney Road just north of the intersection with Botanic Road and
2053:
According to Robert Cervero, the O-Bahn has "accelerated the conversion of Tea Tree Gully from a somewhat sterile new town designed around a regional shopping mall to an emerging urban village featuring a wide range of land uses". The large
1788:, originally purchased for the Modbury Freeway proposed under the MATS plan, was the subject of a new proposal in 1973 when the State Director-General of Transport suggested building a heavy rail line that would connect the suburb to the
1812:
to the Modbury corridor. The light rail system would connect with feeder buses at stations along the length of the corridor to transfer passengers to suburban routes. New light rail vehicles were to be bought to replace the ageing 1929
2107:
by the trees alongside it. The track itself is situated in a valley due to it being near a riverbed and the elevation was further lowered by digging further depressions in order to reduce the noise impact on adjacent dwellings.
1514:
After Paradise Interchange, the busway passes under Darley Road, then over the Torrens for the last time. The terrain becomes steeper as the busway proceeds up along the outflow creek and past the northwestern side of the
1491:, with the bus lanes veering easterly, to the northbound entrance of the guided O-Bahn busway. The busway dips below the surface road (Park Road) to join the inbound (southbound) track, both heading northeast.
2347:
Wilson, Tom. Items of Interest for Planning of Luton Dunstable Translink, Appendix A: Report on Adelaide O-Bahn. (Tom Wilson was the Principal Consultant Service Development & Busway Operations Manager
1392:. It was built as a connector to the city loop 'Circle Line' bus service, which followed the Adelaide outer ring route. Many bus services bypass Klemzig and the station has limited capacity. It contains a
1971:
would require alteration. The estimated cost of construction, $ 182 million, was considered too expensive, and the proposal was suspended in 2001. Since then, the Government has focused on upgrading
3294:
3236:
2115:, but the system allows for buses that run on alternative energy sources. Biodiesel fuel and natural gas have been trialled; as of 2014, 20% of the Adelaide bus fleet uses compressed natural gas, 48%
2511:
1223:, where it enters a 60-metre (200 ft) tunnel at a speed limited to 40 km/h (25 mph), due to the tight initial corner, ensuring that the rear tyres (especially trailer tyres of
2099:
river, which had deteriorated to the extent of being a de facto "urban drain, littered with rubbish and inaccessible to the public". Arising from environmental considerations, the O-Bahn is
1343:
during a trip the guide-wheel prevents the bus from erratic movement, and a smaller aluminium inner tyre allows the bus to be driven to the nearest station at 40 km/h (25 mph).
1198:
on which the track rests. 5,600 pylons were drilled in place to support 5,600 sleepers and 4,200 prefabricated L-shaped track pieces, sited at 12-metre (39 ft) intervals. Concrete
2971:
2050:
the zoning of the land around the area as commercial rather than residential. The area around Tea Tree Plaza is one of five designated regional centres within the Adelaide metropolis.
3499:
3759:
1796:, busways, and freeways, ultimately concluding that a light rail line or busway would be most viable. The state government decided on a light rail proposal to extend the historic
1897:
Government, after consultations, decided to continue with Stage 1 (City to Paradise) and in 1986 proceeded with Stage 2 (Paradise to Tea Tree Plaza). The cost of the project was
1143:. The O-Bahn provides specially built track, combining elements of both bus and rail systems. The track is 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) long and includes three interchanges at
3469:
1748:. Between 1944 and 1965, the area's population doubled, and the number of private motor vehicle registrations increased 43-fold. In 1955, the state government under Premier
1857:
In search of a replacement for the light rail project, the new Government sent experts to examine an innovative guided bus system being developed in West Germany by
3333:
2543:
1999:, that the extension would be cancelled "as a result of a significant scope reduction of the original project, resulting in only limited transport benefits".
3298:
3240:
1720:
2518:
1406:. The terminus before the completion of Stage 2, it is now served by buses from suburban streets, and has a total of 875 car parking spaces in two areas.
4140:
3793:
3678:
Donovan, Peter (1996). "Motor cars and freeways: measures of a South Australian love affair". In O'Neil, Bernard; Raftery, Judith; Round, Kerrie (eds.).
3421:
3104:
Busway Information, Paper One: Background History of the Northeast Corridor Transportation Proposals. South Australian Department of Transport (1983).
1773:
passed a 10-year moratorium on freeway development, effectively shelving MATS. The already-acquired corridors were retained for potential future use.
1716:
All listed routes connect Adelaide City Centre to the named endpoint, but service different suburbs between the O-Bahn interchange and that endpoint.
1476:
1351:
when travelling on the O-Bahn because of the guide-wheel, safety procedures require the driver to be alert to their circumstances at all times. A
1753:
roadways. Shortly before leaving office in 1965, Playford commissioned a detailed study focusing on the recommended transportation improvements.
1995:
on the far side of the CBD along dedicated bus lanes. However, the Federal Government announced in January 2011, as part of its response to the
1162:
from a run-down urban drain into an attractive public open space. It has also triggered urban development around the north-eastern terminus at
2979:
1963:
through the far south. Construction of this O-Bahn would require moving the railway track slightly to fit the O-Bahn alongside. In addition,
3350:
2036:. Construction started in late 2015 and completed in 2017. The contract to complete the detailed design and construct the tunnel was let to
3697:
Hugo, Graeme (1996). "Playford's people: Population change in South Australia". In O'Neil, Bernard; Raftery, Judith; Round, Kerrie (eds.).
3506:
2240:
4089:
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on the north side of the river. The busway crosses the river again soon after Klemzig and passes Lochiel Park and part of the suburbs of
152:
2418:
1948:
running direct through the region would be able to take advantage of an already large population and the continuing growth in the area.
3618:
4145:
1297:
2371:
1311:
With the Mercedes-Benz O305s approaching their 25-year age limit, tenders were called in 2007 for replacements. The new buses were
4135:
3786:
2438:
1835:
1622:
1219:. The bus lane continues north to the Torrens River and into the original entrance of the O-Bahn on Hackney Road, opposite the
3060:
3035:
2955:
1960:
1757:
4007:
3753:
2086:
The construction of the O-Bahn, rather than the previously proposed Modbury Freeway, was motivated by a desire to reduce
1765:
1654:
1644:
2550:
2236:
3779:
1227:) do not 'scrub' against the track. Speed is gradually increased to 80 km/h (50 mph) for most of the trip to
3725:
3706:
3687:
3668:
2161:
1254:(oil pan) if it gets onto the track. An average of four cars per year enter the O-Bahn and must be removed by crane.
3947:
3943:
3642:
3447:
1451:
3531:
2921:
2300:
17:
4064:
3747:
1690:
3645:. They are not published works, but a collection of in-department papers and brochures for the general public.
3425:
1428:
area. It has 700 car parking spaces, after a multiple level carpark was built during a redevelopment in 2013.
3177:
2208:
1996:
1928:
1801:
1697:
1591:
1500:
1425:
2916:
Greater Adelaide's population increased from 365,000 in 1944 to 748,000 in 1965. "Population Distribution".
1375:
3297:. Government of South Australia. 11 April 2000. Southern O-Bahn, pp. 853–54 (PDF pp. 11–12). Archived from
2064:
2289:
Busway Information, Paper Two: O-Bahn Guided Bus Concept. South Australian Department of Transport (1983).
1356:
Drivers were forced to be more cautious on their normal trips after numerous guide-wheel-to-kerb impacts.
4046:
4002:
2443:
2213:
1792:. A subsequent study, the "North East Adelaide Public Transport Review" (NEAPTR), considered heavy rail,
1467:, and enter the O-Bahn via the 670-metre (2,200 ft) tunnel (opened on 10 December 2017) through the
2360:
Busway Information, Paper Three: Operational Strategy. South Australian Department of Transport (1983).
1933:
1826:
1776:
By the mid-1970s, transportation had become a problem in the north-east suburbs. The population of the
1684:
1659:
1613:
1567:
1528:
1421:
1420:, it is the largest O-Bahn station. Bus services from this interchange connect to areas as far away as
1409:
1379:
1152:
1049:
191:
3986:
3239:. Government of South Australia. 15 October 1996. O-Bahn, Southern, p. 105 (PDF p. 5). Archived from
1877:
1805:
1736:
1627:
1504:
1403:
252:
1182:
The O-Bahn track is made of concrete; it is elevated from the ground because of the poor quality of
4094:
2017:
1983:
There was a 2009 plan that bus routes serving the O-Bahn would be enhanced from Hackney Road along
1893:. Another change of Government in 1982 resulted in uncertainty over the future of the project. The
1785:
1673:
1596:
1524:
1417:
1413:
1389:
1163:
50:
3354:
3192:
3122:
2009:
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1216:
1436:
4125:
4056:
3264:
3222:
2423:
2013:
1992:
1777:
1668:
1484:
1236:
1136:
3802:
3377:
3151:
Busway Information, Paper Four: Environment. South Australian Department of Transport (1983).
2372:"Report on Adelaide O-Bahn: Items of Interest for Planning of Cambridgeshire's Guided Busway"
2087:
1956:
1516:
1479:, and then proceed northwards along the road in designated bus lanes. Along this stretch the
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3399:
3918:
3821:
3535:
2404:
2080:
1952:
1890:
1814:
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in overseas freeway networks contributed to the furore. Nonetheless, in early 1969 Premier
1638:
1581:
1508:
1460:
1402:
is the second station, six kilometres (3.7 mi) from the city centre, in the suburb of
1399:
1388:
is the first station, three kilometres (1.8 mi) from the city centre in the suburb of
1232:
1191:
1148:
800:
1872:(path or way, as in Autobahn for automobiles and Eisenbahn or just Bahn for railway, e.g.
1246:
Cars entering the O-Bahn are deterred by a large number of signs at entrance points and a
8:
2378:
2095:
1941:
1921:
1851:
1809:
1607:
1562:
1520:
1496:
1468:
1385:
1228:
1220:
1159:
1144:
911:
690:
2470:
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2041:
with limited services starting the next day. It started full operation on 17 December.
1761:
1749:
1336:
1301:
1285:
55:
3137:
O-Bahn Busway Information (Brochure). South Australian Department of Transport (1987).
2448:
2063:
Paradise Interchange being used for any purpose other than low-density housing and no
4041:
4026:
3846:
3721:
3702:
3683:
3664:
3495:
3207:
3056:
3031:
2951:
2277:
Northeast Busway Project (Brochure). South Australian Department of Transport (1983).
2186:
1977:
1968:
1898:
1797:
1289:
1224:
1140:
1109:
171:
3624:. Department of Planning, Transport & Infrastructure. September 2014. p. 74
3076:
1487:. Hackney Road—along with the designated O-Bahn bus lanes—crosses a bridge over the
1199:
4130:
3378:"Tram extension progress: How is the Coast to Coast light rail project travelling?"
2517:. Government of South Australia, Adelaide Metro. May 2014. FIS24147. Archived from
2055:
2037:
1964:
1821:
1203:
stress on the land. The concrete components were precast and then laid onto piers.
1195:
144:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3424:. Australian Federal Government (Prime Minister). 27 January 2011. Archived from
3162:
2116:
2029:
1984:
1862:
1780:
had increased from 2,500 in 1954 to 35,000 by 1971. A corridor of land along the
1464:
1360:
1282:
1211:
1135:
Adelaide's O-Bahn was introduced in 1986 to service the city's rapidly expanding
1117:
181:
82:
2498:
Northeast Busway (Brochure). State (South Australia) Transport Authority (1990).
3814:
3771:
3699:
Playford's South Australia: Essays on the History of South Australia, 1933–1968
3680:
Playford's South Australia: Essays on the History of South Australia, 1933–1968
3656:
3558:
3280:
2833:
2817:
2792:
2770:
2124:
2120:
2104:
1937:
1393:
1364:
1348:
1320:
72:
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2849:
2748:
2724:
2708:
2692:
2676:
2660:
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2619:
2597:
2575:
1846:
4119:
3960:
3756:, Adelaide Metro. Internet Archive. Archived from the original on 2011-05-21.
2100:
2091:
2021:
1988:
1781:
1488:
1293:
1187:
1183:
640:
148:
3532:"Adelaide O-Bahn bus lane work begins in bid to reduce congestion into city"
3004:
2895:
1475:. They then exit the tunnel on Hackney Road, north of the intersection with
3956:
3765:
2148:
2033:
1858:
1831:
1745:
1649:
1352:
1300:. The cost was included in the original $ 98 million budget. Modified
1240:
1207:
1121:
3500:"More SA jobs as tender awarded for O-Bahn tunnel design and construction"
3278:
Adelaide Southern O-Bahn Cancellation Welcomed by Public Transport Groups
1744:
The greater Adelaide area experienced significant growth during and after
1367:. As of 2015, the busway carries approximately 31,000 people per weekday.
3951:
3938:
3933:
2112:
2025:
1916:
1894:
1770:
1531:. Most buses continue on normal roads to service suburbs further afield.
1472:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1316:
1312:
1266:
1247:
3005:"Adelaide's Freeways – A History from MATS to the Port River Expressway"
3422:"Australian Federal Government: Paying for recovery and reconstruction"
3114:
2156:
2128:
1973:
1951:
One suggested route for an O-Bahn was for an alignment adjacent to the
1793:
1702:
1105:
167:
3914:
3450:. Department of Planning, Transport & Infrastructure. 16 July 2015
1455:
Klemzig Interchange, one of the O-Bahn's two intermediary interchanges
1412:
is the terminus, 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from the city centre, in
4022:
3866:
3828:
1721:
List of public transport routes in Adelaide § O-Bahn City Routes
1305:
1273:
3842:
2075:
1523:, then swings east and north again to enter the eastern side of the
1281:
The first buses to enter service on the O-Bahn were 41 rigid and 51
1174:
41:
1158:
The development of the O-Bahn busway led to the development of the
1113:
3334:"South Road Superway to connect Regency Rd, Port River Expressway"
1904:
Stage 1 opened on 9 March 1986. Stage 2 opened on 20 August 1989.
3861:
2305:
2058:
is adjacent to the interchange, and the Torrens Valley campus of
1940:. The current route was built with an allowance for a station at
2544:"Safe and Secure Parking for O-bahn commuters at Tea Tree Plaza"
2123:
blends. The design of the O-Bahn allows for the installation of
1443:
3742:
3718:
Highways: A History of the South Australian Highways Department
3498:, Minister for Transport and Infrastructure (26 October 2015).
2918:
3105.0.65.001 Australian Historical Population Statistics, 2014
1873:
1269:
articulated bus in the CBD, with right-hand guide wheel visible
3505:(Press release). Government of South Australia. Archived from
1927:
There have been a number of proposals to extend the O-Bahn to
1880:), the O-Bahn system was developed for use in tram tunnels in
1586:
All routes on the busway continue from here to the city centre
1507:
to its north between the busway and the river before reaching
3762:. Internet Archive. Archived from the original on 2019-08-22.
1881:
1262:
1129:
2059:
1959:. The O-Bahn would end there, with buses continuing on the
1719:
For a complete list of O-Bahn routes and destinations, see
1251:
1125:
2090:. $ 6 million was used for the redevelopment of the
1527:
shopping centre precinct, where the guided busway ends at
3641:
Transport Department reference documents are held by the
1884:. After extensive consultations with German authorities,
3050:
2945:
2549:. Department of the Premier and Cabinet. Archived from
1124:
to enable buses to avoid traffic congestion by sharing
3019:
2506:
2504:
3025:
3053:
Behind the Scenes: The Politics of Planning Adelaide
2948:
Behind the Scenes: The Politics of Planning Adelaide
2402:
First production O-Bahn buses takes to longer track
2138:
2501:
1190:, which frequently move due to their high level of
3470:"O-Bahn City Access Project: Community Engagement"
1838:, an opponent of the plan, as Transport Minister.
4117:
3801:
3055:. University of Adelaide Press. pp. 81–86.
2950:. University of Adelaide Press. pp. 77–81.
1820:Public opposition to the project was broad. The
1178:A section of track used for testing O-Bahn buses
463:
455:
448:
247:
3353:. Government of South Australia. Archived from
2978:. Government of South Australia. Archived from
2044:
1323:. As of May 2021, these, along with rigid
3677:
1459:Outbound O-Bahn bus routes travel through the
3787:
3332:Pengelley, Jill; Zed, Tom (16 October 2009).
3133:
3131:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2241:Department for Infrastructure & Transport
2002:
1537:
1112:system servicing the northeastern suburbs of
3696:
3030:. Vol. 2. Wakefield Press. p. 56.
4090:Department for Infrastructure and Transport
4141:Transport infrastructure completed in 1986
4021:
3913:
3841:
3794:
3780:
3701:. Association of Professional Historians.
3682:. Association of Professional Historians.
3400:"O-Bahn and rail lines boost for Adelaide"
3375:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3128:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3094:
2999:
2997:
2485:
2301:"Is the O-Bahn track nearing end of life?"
1447:O-Bahn's southern entrance on Hackney Road
1359:Since June 2018, services are operated by
302:
294:
49:
27:Guided busway in Adelaide, South Australia
3028:Responsible Government in South Australia
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1298:Pressed Metal Corporation South Australia
3661:The Transit Metropolis: A Global Inquiry
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2028:leading to a redesigned intersection at
1915:
1845:
1735:
1450:
1442:
1435:
1374:
1288:. These were modified for O-Bahn use by
1272:
1261:
1173:
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3601:
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3578:
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3572:
3570:
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2177:
14:
4118:
2369:
2351:
2298:
2280:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2217:. Bauer Trader Media. 26 February 2015
2194:
1911:
1901:98 million, including the buses.
1800:. The new route was to continue along
1206:At the city end, the O-Bahn begins at
387:
379:
3775:
3380:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
3376:Williamson, Brett (29 October 2009).
3319:"High cost derails southern O-Bahn".
3125:, June 2015. Accessed 11 August 2015.
2320:
2016:intersection, then curves west under
1804:beyond what was then the terminus in
1758:Metropolitan Adelaide Transport Study
1756:In 1968, the government received the
1688:
1677:
1642:
1631:
1611:
1600:
1579:
1571:
1120:. The O-Bahn system was conceived by
4008:List of railway stations in Adelaide
3596:
3565:
3556:Adelaide O-Bahn bus tunnel now open
2174:
1936:for another eight kilometres to the
354:
346:
3340:(Adelaide). Retrieved 16 July 2010.
3262:"Southern O-Bahn survey go-ahead".
2254:
426:
418:
24:
1920:Students boarding O-Bahn buses at
1331:buses, one diesel/electric hybrid
1139:, replacing an earlier plan for a
496:
488:
25:
4157:
4003:List of railway lines in Adelaide
3735:
3051:Llewellyn-Smith, Michael (2012).
2946:Llewellyn-Smith, Michael (2012).
2162:List of bus rapid transit systems
1210:, as an extension eastwards from
4146:1986 establishments in Australia
4108:denotes services yet to commence
3741:
3643:State Library of South Australia
2427:. (Adelaide). 29 September 2007.
2299:Mannix, Liam (28 October 2013).
2141:
1658:503, 506, 507, 556, 557, 559 to
1039:
1018:
1017:
996:
995:
973:
951:
929:
914:
901:
900:
878:
857:
856:
835:
834:
813:
812:
790:
768:
747:
746:
725:
724:
702:
680:
659:
658:
643:
629:
628:
607:
606:
585:
584:
563:
562:
541:
540:
518:
495:
487:
462:
454:
447:
425:
417:
399:
386:
378:
353:
345:
324:
301:
293:
269:
40:
3611:
3584:
3550:
3524:
3488:
3462:
3440:
3414:
3392:
3369:
3343:
3326:
3313:
3287:
3272:
3268:. (Adelaide). 4 September 2000.
3255:
3229:
3226:issue 171 October 1989 page 156
3214:
3199:
3184:
3169:
3154:
3107:
3069:
3044:
3026:Combe, Gordon Desmond (2009) .
2964:
2939:
2927:
2922:Australian Bureau of Statistics
2910:
2888:
2866:
2807:
2785:
2763:
2741:
2634:
2612:
2590:
2568:
2536:
2463:
2431:
2411:
2396:
2363:
1370:
952:
769:
703:
519:
4136:Bus rapid transit in Australia
3472:. 10 June 2015. Archived from
3402:. ABC News Online. 12 May 2009
3178:Truck & Bus Transportation
2292:
2229:
2209:"$ 160 million O-Bahn project"
2070:
2012:. The tunnel passes under the
1841:
1128:tunnels in the German city of
13:
1:
3649:
3593:street directory, pp. 84, 96.
3562:issue 85 January 2018 page 11
3295:"Legislative Council Hansard"
3237:"Legislative Council Hansard"
3166:issue 450 March 1986 page 166
2976:Atlas of South Australia 1986
2184:"Guided Busway Development".
1953:Noarlunga Centre railway line
1296:plant before being bodied by
1250:device that rips out a car's
1040:
325:
3803:Public transport in Adelaide
3768:, Citytransport.info website
3448:"O-Bahn City Access Project"
3211:September 1989 pages 195–200
3196:issue 1/5 May 1986 pages 3–8
3175:O-Bahn is open for business
2473:. Australian Bus Fleet Lists
2444:Australasian Bus & Coach
2237:"O-Bahn City Access Project"
2214:Australasian Bus & Coach
2065:transit-oriented development
2045:Effects on local development
1483:is on the left, followed by
1319:articulated buses bodied by
1087: {{{system_nav}}}
974:
930:
879:
270:
7:
3205:Northeast Busway Completed
3160:Guided busway for Adelaide
3077:"History of Tea Tree Gully"
2439:"Adelaide to buy 160 buses"
2377:. p. 6. Archived from
2370:Wilson, Tom (August 2004).
2134:
1944:but it has not been built.
1731:
1243:and fine speeding drivers.
1194:. On top of the pylons are
791:
681:
474:Park Terrace / Bundeys Road
201:12 kilometres (7.5 mi)
10:
4162:
3323:(Adelaide). 16 March 2001.
3181:March 1986 pages 40–53, 58
2512:"Your Park 'n' Ride Guide"
2111:The original buses ran on
2003:O-Bahn City Access Project
1934:Tea Tree Plaza Interchange
1726:
1718:
1685:Tea Tree Plaza Interchange
1660:Tea Tree Plaza Interchange
1529:Tea Tree Plaza Interchange
1519:. It proceeds north under
1410:Tea Tree Plaza Interchange
1380:Tea Tree Plaza Interchange
1084:← {{{previous_line}}}
1050:Tea Tree Plaza Interchange
192:Tea Tree Plaza Interchange
125:10 December 2017
4103:
4082:
4055:
4034:
4020:
3995:
3969:
3926:
3912:
3892:
3854:
3840:
3809:
3720:. Griffin Press Limited.
2103:due to the absorption of
1997:2010–11 Queensland floods
1886:State Transport Authority
1710:
1706:
1683:
1680:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1637:
1634:
1626:
1621:
1617:
1606:
1603:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1577:
1574:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1536:
1396:carpark with 450 spaces.
1048:
1033:
1026:
1011:
1004:
989:
982:
967:
960:
945:
938:
923:
909:
894:
887:
872:
865:
850:
843:
828:
821:
806:
799:
784:
777:
762:
755:
740:
733:
718:
711:
696:
689:
674:
667:
652:
637:
622:
615:
600:
593:
578:
571:
556:
549:
534:
527:
512:
505:
479:
472:
439:
435:
409:
396:
370:
363:
337:
333:
318:
311:
285:
278:
263:
234:
226:
218:
213:
205:
197:
187:
177:
163:
158:
153:State Transport Authority
140:
96:
88:
78:
68:
63:
48:
39:
34:
4095:Trolleybuses in Adelaide
3079:. City of Tea Tree Gully
2167:
2018:Rundle Park / Kadlitpina
1525:Westfield Tea Tree Plaza
1431:
1418:Westfield Tea Tree Plaza
1257:
1169:
507:Park Road / Mann Terrace
114:20 August 1989
3716:Donovan, Peter (1991).
3619:"Annual Report 2013–14"
3193:Australian Bus Panorama
3123:Oxford University Press
2419:"Hunt for O-Bahn fleet"
2010:Adelaide Botanic Garden
1790:Adelaide railway system
1740:Track schematic diagram
1481:Adelaide Botanic Garden
2834:"Route 545X timetable"
2818:"Route 544X timetable"
2793:"Route 543X timetable"
2771:"Route 542X timetable"
2083:
1924:
1854:
1808:and weave through the
1741:
1456:
1448:
1440:
1382:
1308:were later purchased.
1278:
1270:
1237:South Australia Police
1179:
1090:{{{next_line}}} →
103:9 March 1986
3351:"Northern Expressway"
2874:"Route 546 timetable"
2850:"Route 548 timetable"
2749:"Route 541 timetable"
2725:"Route 559 timetable"
2709:"Route 557 timetable"
2693:"Route 556 timetable"
2677:"Route 507 timetable"
2661:"Route 506 timetable"
2645:"Route 503 timetable"
2620:"Route 502 timetable"
2598:"Route 501 timetable"
2576:"Route 500 timetable"
2408:February 1985 page 13
2078:
1955:from the city to the
1919:
1849:
1822:Adelaide City Council
1778:Tea Tree Gully region
1739:
1655:Salisbury Interchange
1645:Elizabeth Interchange
1592:Port Adelaide Enfield
1517:Hope Valley Reservoir
1477:Dequetteville Terrace
1454:
1446:
1439:
1378:
1276:
1265:
1177:
1137:north-eastern suburbs
365:Dequetteville Terrace
230:31,000 per day (2015)
3750:at Wikimedia Commons
2896:"5xx Bus route maps"
2405:Australian Transport
2081:Paradise Interchange
1891:Paradise Interchange
1694:543X to Surrey Downs
1639:Paradise Interchange
1582:Adelaide city centre
1509:Paradise Interchange
1461:Adelaide city centre
1400:Paradise Interchange
1337:Mercedes-Benz O405NH
1325:Scania K280UB/K320UB
1233:Paradise Interchange
1108:that is part of the
801:Paradise Interchange
133:(City Access tunnel)
4047:Proposed extensions
3754:The Adelaide O-Bahn
3428:on 19 February 2011
3301:on 17 November 2015
3243:on 17 November 2015
2451:on 10 February 2012
2096:Torrens Linear Park
1961:Southern Expressway
1942:Grand Junction Road
1922:Klemzig Interchange
1912:Expansion proposals
1852:Klemzig Interchange
1810:Adelaide Park Lands
1802:King William Street
1750:Sir Thomas Playford
1696:544X, 545X, 548 to
1608:Klemzig Interchange
1521:Grand Junction Road
1497:Klemzig Interchange
1469:Adelaide Park Lands
1386:Klemzig Interchange
1339:make up the fleet.
1327:buses, articulated
1286:Mercedes-Benz O305s
1231:. Once en route to
1229:Klemzig Interchange
1160:Torrens Linear Park
912:Grand Junction Road
691:Klemzig Interchange
3220:STA's O-Bahn open
3190:Adelaide's O-Bahn
2936:, pp. 202–203
2813:Multiple sources:
2640:Multiple sources:
2471:"Light-City Buses"
2084:
1976:and extending the
1925:
1855:
1742:
1457:
1449:
1441:
1416:. Adjacent to the
1383:
1363:under contract to
1279:
1271:
1180:
141:Former operator(s)
56:Mercedes-Benz O305
4113:
4112:
4078:
4077:
4016:
4015:
3908:
3907:
3766:Kerb Guided Buses
3746:Media related to
3496:Stephen Mullighan
3208:Transit Australia
3062:978-1-922064-41-7
3037:978-1-86254-844-2
2957:978-1-922064-41-7
2187:Transit Australia
2079:Linear Park near
1978:Glenelg tram line
1969:Goodwood Overpass
1850:Bus entering the
1798:Glenelg tram line
1784:from Adelaide to
1714:
1713:
1290:Mitsubishi Motors
1225:articulated buses
1196:concrete sleepers
1141:tramway extension
1110:bus rapid transit
1098:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1070:
984:pedestrian subway
940:pedestrian subway
889:pedestrian subway
172:Bus rapid transit
58:bus on the O-Bahn
16:(Redirected from
4153:
4032:
4031:
4025:
3924:
3923:
3917:
3852:
3851:
3845:
3796:
3789:
3782:
3773:
3772:
3745:
3731:
3712:
3693:
3674:
3663:. Island Press.
3634:
3633:
3631:
3629:
3623:
3615:
3609:
3603:
3594:
3588:
3582:
3576:
3563:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3528:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3517:
3512:on 18 March 2016
3511:
3504:
3492:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3481:
3476:on 24 April 2015
3466:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3444:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3373:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3347:
3341:
3330:
3324:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3291:
3285:
3284:May 2001 page 14
3276:
3270:
3269:
3259:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3233:
3227:
3218:
3212:
3203:
3197:
3188:
3182:
3173:
3167:
3158:
3152:
3149:
3138:
3135:
3126:
3111:
3105:
3102:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3023:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3007:. ozroads.com.au
3001:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2972:"Urban Planning"
2968:
2962:
2961:
2943:
2937:
2931:
2925:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2898:. Adelaide Metro
2892:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2876:. Adelaide Metro
2870:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2852:. Adelaide Metro
2845:
2843:
2841:
2836:. Adelaide Metro
2829:
2827:
2825:
2820:. Adelaide Metro
2811:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2795:. Adelaide Metro
2789:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2773:. Adelaide Metro
2767:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2751:. Adelaide Metro
2745:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2727:. Adelaide Metro
2720:
2718:
2716:
2711:. Adelaide Metro
2704:
2702:
2700:
2695:. Adelaide Metro
2688:
2686:
2684:
2679:. Adelaide Metro
2672:
2670:
2668:
2663:. Adelaide Metro
2656:
2654:
2652:
2647:. Adelaide Metro
2638:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2622:. Adelaide Metro
2616:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2600:. Adelaide Metro
2594:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2578:. Adelaide Metro
2572:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2556:on 24 April 2013
2555:
2548:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2524:on 17 March 2015
2523:
2516:
2508:
2499:
2496:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2447:. Archived from
2435:
2429:
2428:
2415:
2409:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2383:
2376:
2367:
2361:
2358:
2349:
2345:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2296:
2290:
2287:
2278:
2275:
2269:
2263:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2205:
2192:
2191:
2181:
2151:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2056:Modbury Hospital
2038:McConnell Dowell
2024:and surfaces in
1991:and extended to
1965:Emerson Crossing
1580:Hackney Road to
1539:
1534:
1533:
1424:and service the
1081:
1080:
1043:
1042:
1021:
1020:
999:
998:
977:
976:
955:
954:
933:
932:
918:
917:
904:
903:
882:
881:
860:
859:
838:
837:
816:
815:
794:
793:
772:
771:
750:
749:
728:
727:
706:
705:
684:
683:
662:
661:
647:
646:
632:
631:
610:
609:
588:
587:
566:
565:
544:
543:
522:
521:
499:
498:
491:
490:
466:
465:
458:
457:
451:
450:
429:
428:
421:
420:
403:
402:
390:
389:
382:
381:
357:
356:
349:
348:
328:
327:
305:
304:
297:
296:
273:
272:
261:
260:
248:
236:
235:
145:Light-City Buses
132:
130:
121:
119:
110:
108:
53:
44:
32:
31:
21:
4161:
4160:
4156:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4151:
4150:
4116:
4115:
4114:
4109:
4099:
4074:
4065:Flexity Classic
4051:
4012:
3991:
3965:
3904:
3888:
3882:Torrens Transit
3877:Torrens Connect
3872:Transit Systems
3836:
3805:
3800:
3738:
3728:
3709:
3690:
3671:
3657:Cervero, Robert
3652:
3638:
3637:
3627:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3604:
3597:
3589:
3585:
3577:
3566:
3555:
3551:
3541:
3539:
3538:. 21 March 2016
3530:
3529:
3525:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3502:
3493:
3489:
3479:
3477:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3453:
3451:
3446:
3445:
3441:
3431:
3429:
3420:
3419:
3415:
3405:
3403:
3398:
3397:
3393:
3383:
3381:
3374:
3370:
3360:
3358:
3357:on 25 July 2010
3349:
3348:
3344:
3331:
3327:
3318:
3314:
3304:
3302:
3293:
3292:
3288:
3277:
3273:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3246:
3244:
3235:
3234:
3230:
3219:
3215:
3204:
3200:
3189:
3185:
3174:
3170:
3163:Modern Railways
3159:
3155:
3150:
3141:
3136:
3129:
3112:
3108:
3103:
3092:
3082:
3080:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3063:
3049:
3045:
3038:
3024:
3020:
3010:
3008:
3003:
3002:
2995:
2985:
2983:
2982:on 2 April 2015
2970:
2969:
2965:
2958:
2944:
2940:
2932:
2928:
2915:
2911:
2901:
2899:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2879:
2877:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2855:
2853:
2848:
2839:
2837:
2832:
2823:
2821:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2798:
2796:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2776:
2774:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2754:
2752:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2730:
2728:
2723:
2714:
2712:
2707:
2698:
2696:
2691:
2682:
2680:
2675:
2666:
2664:
2659:
2650:
2648:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2625:
2623:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2603:
2601:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2581:
2579:
2574:
2573:
2569:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2546:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2514:
2510:
2509:
2502:
2497:
2486:
2476:
2474:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2454:
2452:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2401:
2397:
2387:
2385:
2384:on 4 March 2016
2381:
2374:
2368:
2364:
2359:
2352:
2346:
2321:
2311:
2309:
2297:
2293:
2288:
2281:
2276:
2272:
2264:
2255:
2245:
2243:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2220:
2218:
2207:
2206:
2195:
2183:
2182:
2175:
2170:
2147:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2094:, in which the
2073:
2047:
2030:Grenfell Street
2005:
1914:
1844:
1806:Victoria Square
1734:
1729:
1724:
1700:
1695:
1693:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1465:Grenfell Street
1434:
1394:park & ride
1373:
1361:Torrens Transit
1260:
1212:Grenfell Street
1172:
1118:South Australia
1044:
1029:
1022:
1007:
1000:
985:
978:
963:
956:
941:
934:
919:
915:
905:
890:
883:
868:
861:
846:
839:
824:
817:
795:
780:
773:
758:
751:
736:
729:
714:
707:
685:
670:
663:
648:
644:
633:
618:
611:
596:
595:Stephen Terrace
589:
574:
567:
552:
545:
530:
523:
508:
501:
500:
493:
492:
475:
468:
467:
460:
459:
452:
431:
430:
423:
422:
405:
400:
392:
391:
384:
383:
366:
359:
358:
351:
350:
329:
314:
307:
306:
299:
298:
281:
280:Grenfell Street
274:
255:
182:Grenfell Street
151:
147:
136:
128:
126:
117:
115:
106:
104:
83:Torrens Transit
59:
28:
23:
22:
18:Adelaide O-Bahn
15:
12:
11:
5:
4159:
4149:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4111:
4110:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4097:
4092:
4086:
4084:
4080:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4072:
4067:
4061:
4059:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4049:
4044:
4038:
4036:
4029:
4018:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4010:
4005:
3999:
3997:
3996:Infrastructure
3993:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3963:
3954:
3941:
3936:
3930:
3928:
3921:
3910:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3896:
3894:
3893:Infrastructure
3890:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3885:
3884:
3879:
3869:
3864:
3858:
3856:
3849:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3834:
3833:
3832:
3818:
3815:Adelaide Metro
3810:
3807:
3806:
3799:
3798:
3791:
3784:
3776:
3770:
3769:
3763:
3760:O-Bahn map PDF
3757:
3751:
3737:
3736:External links
3734:
3733:
3732:
3726:
3713:
3707:
3694:
3688:
3675:
3669:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3646:
3636:
3635:
3610:
3595:
3583:
3564:
3559:Australian Bus
3549:
3523:
3487:
3461:
3439:
3413:
3391:
3368:
3342:
3338:The Advertiser
3325:
3321:The Advertiser
3312:
3286:
3281:Railway Digest
3271:
3254:
3228:
3213:
3198:
3183:
3168:
3153:
3139:
3127:
3106:
3090:
3068:
3061:
3043:
3036:
3018:
2993:
2963:
2956:
2938:
2926:
2909:
2887:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2846:
2830:
2806:
2784:
2762:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2721:
2705:
2689:
2673:
2657:
2633:
2611:
2589:
2567:
2535:
2500:
2484:
2462:
2430:
2410:
2395:
2362:
2350:
2319:
2291:
2279:
2270:
2253:
2228:
2193:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2136:
2133:
2125:overhead wires
2105:carbon dioxide
2101:carbon-neutral
2088:car dependency
2072:
2069:
2067:has occurred.
2046:
2043:
2004:
2001:
1989:Currie Streets
1938:Adelaide Hills
1913:
1910:
1843:
1840:
1836:Michael Wilson
1769:under Premier
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1712:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1687:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1671:
1669:Tea Tree Gully
1665:
1664:
1662:
1641:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1610:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1433:
1430:
1372:
1369:
1365:Adelaide Metro
1349:steering wheel
1321:Custom Coaches
1259:
1256:
1221:East Parklands
1184:alluvial soils
1171:
1168:
1153:Tea Tree Plaza
1096:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1045:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1006:Reservoir Road
1005:
1003:
1001:
994:
992:
990:
987:
986:
983:
981:
979:
972:
970:
968:
965:
964:
961:
959:
957:
950:
948:
946:
943:
942:
939:
937:
935:
928:
926:
924:
921:
920:
910:
908:
906:
899:
897:
895:
892:
891:
888:
886:
884:
877:
875:
873:
870:
869:
866:
864:
862:
855:
853:
851:
848:
847:
844:
842:
840:
833:
831:
829:
826:
825:
822:
820:
818:
811:
809:
807:
804:
803:
798:
796:
789:
787:
785:
782:
781:
778:
776:
774:
767:
765:
763:
760:
759:
756:
754:
752:
745:
743:
741:
738:
737:
734:
732:
730:
723:
721:
719:
716:
715:
712:
710:
708:
701:
699:
697:
694:
693:
688:
686:
679:
677:
675:
672:
671:
668:
666:
664:
657:
655:
653:
650:
649:
638:
636:
634:
627:
625:
623:
620:
619:
616:
614:
612:
605:
603:
601:
598:
597:
594:
592:
590:
583:
581:
579:
576:
575:
572:
570:
568:
561:
559:
557:
554:
553:
551:Gilbert Street
550:
548:
546:
539:
537:
535:
532:
531:
528:
526:
524:
517:
515:
513:
510:
509:
506:
504:
502:
494:
486:
485:
484:
482:
480:
477:
476:
473:
471:
469:
461:
453:
446:
445:
444:
442:
440:
437:
436:
434:
432:
424:
416:
415:
414:
412:
410:
407:
406:
398:North Terrace
397:
395:
393:
385:
377:
376:
375:
373:
371:
368:
367:
364:
362:
360:
352:
344:
343:
342:
340:
338:
335:
334:
332:
330:
323:
321:
319:
316:
315:
312:
310:
308:
300:
292:
291:
290:
288:
286:
283:
282:
279:
277:
275:
268:
266:
264:
257:
256:
251:
241:
240:
232:
231:
228:
224:
223:
220:
216:
215:
211:
210:
207:
203:
202:
199:
195:
194:
189:
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:
165:
161:
160:
156:
155:
142:
138:
137:
135:
134:
123:
112:
100:
98:
94:
93:
90:
86:
85:
80:
76:
75:
73:Adelaide Metro
70:
66:
65:
61:
60:
54:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4158:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4126:O-Bahn Busway
4124:
4123:
4121:
4107:
4102:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4081:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4058:
4057:Rolling stock
4054:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4024:
4019:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
4000:
3998:
3994:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3970:Rolling stock
3968:
3962:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3916:
3911:
3901:
3900:O-Bahn Busway
3898:
3897:
3895:
3891:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3844:
3839:
3831:
3830:
3826:
3825:
3824:
3823:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3812:
3811:
3808:
3804:
3797:
3792:
3790:
3785:
3783:
3778:
3777:
3774:
3767:
3764:
3761:
3758:
3755:
3752:
3749:
3748:O-Bahn Busway
3744:
3740:
3739:
3729:
3727:0-7308-1930-2
3723:
3719:
3714:
3710:
3708:0-646-29092-4
3704:
3700:
3695:
3691:
3689:0-646-29092-4
3685:
3681:
3676:
3672:
3670:1-55963-591-6
3666:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3653:
3644:
3640:
3639:
3620:
3614:
3608:, p. 370
3607:
3602:
3600:
3592:
3587:
3581:, p. 373
3580:
3575:
3573:
3571:
3569:
3561:
3560:
3553:
3537:
3533:
3527:
3508:
3501:
3497:
3491:
3475:
3471:
3465:
3449:
3443:
3427:
3423:
3417:
3401:
3395:
3379:
3372:
3356:
3352:
3346:
3339:
3335:
3329:
3322:
3316:
3300:
3296:
3290:
3283:
3282:
3275:
3267:
3266:
3258:
3242:
3238:
3232:
3225:
3224:
3217:
3210:
3209:
3202:
3195:
3194:
3187:
3180:
3179:
3172:
3165:
3164:
3157:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3134:
3132:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3110:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3078:
3072:
3064:
3058:
3054:
3047:
3039:
3033:
3029:
3022:
3006:
3000:
2998:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2967:
2959:
2953:
2949:
2942:
2935:
2930:
2923:
2919:
2913:
2897:
2891:
2875:
2869:
2851:
2847:
2835:
2831:
2819:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2794:
2788:
2772:
2766:
2750:
2744:
2726:
2722:
2710:
2706:
2694:
2690:
2678:
2674:
2662:
2658:
2646:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2621:
2615:
2599:
2593:
2577:
2571:
2552:
2545:
2539:
2520:
2513:
2507:
2505:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2472:
2466:
2450:
2446:
2445:
2440:
2434:
2426:
2425:
2420:
2414:
2407:
2406:
2399:
2380:
2373:
2366:
2357:
2355:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2295:
2286:
2284:
2274:
2268:, p. 369
2267:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2242:
2238:
2232:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2189:
2188:
2180:
2178:
2173:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2139:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2109:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2093:
2092:Torrens Gorge
2089:
2082:
2077:
2068:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2051:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2022:Rundle Street
2019:
2015:
2011:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1949:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1930:
1923:
1918:
1909:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1864:
1860:
1853:
1848:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1782:River Torrens
1779:
1774:
1772:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1738:
1722:
1717:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1692:
1691:Fairview Park
1689:541, 542X to
1686:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1640:
1629:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1609:
1598:
1593:
1589:
1583:
1569:
1564:
1560:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1492:
1490:
1489:River Torrens
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1453:
1445:
1438:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1381:
1377:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1344:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1333:Scania K320UB
1330:
1329:Scania K360UA
1326:
1322:
1318:
1317:Scania K320UA
1314:
1313:Scania K230UB
1309:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1294:Clovelly Park
1291:
1287:
1284:
1275:
1268:
1267:Scania K320UA
1264:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1242:
1241:speed cameras
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1217:North Terrace
1213:
1209:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1188:River Torrens
1185:
1176:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1106:guided busway
1103:
1102:O-Bahn Busway
1089:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1046:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1024:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1002:
993:
991:
988:
980:
971:
969:
966:
958:
949:
947:
944:
936:
927:
925:
922:
913:
907:
898:
896:
893:
885:
876:
874:
871:
863:
854:
852:
849:
841:
832:
830:
827:
819:
810:
808:
805:
802:
797:
788:
786:
783:
775:
766:
764:
761:
753:
744:
742:
739:
731:
722:
720:
717:
709:
700:
698:
695:
692:
687:
678:
676:
673:
665:
656:
654:
651:
642:
641:Portrush Road
635:
626:
624:
621:
613:
604:
602:
599:
591:
582:
580:
577:
573:Player Avenue
569:
560:
558:
555:
547:
538:
536:
533:
525:
516:
514:
511:
503:
483:
481:
478:
470:
443:
441:
438:
433:
413:
411:
408:
394:
374:
372:
369:
361:
341:
339:
336:
331:
322:
320:
317:
309:
289:
287:
284:
276:
267:
265:
262:
259:
258:
254:
250:
249:
246:
243:
242:
238:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
193:
190:
186:
183:
180:
176:
173:
169:
168:Guided busway
166:
162:
157:
154:
150:
149:TransAdelaide
146:
143:
139:
124:
113:
102:
101:
99:
97:Began service
95:
91:
87:
84:
81:
77:
74:
71:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
43:
38:
35:O-Bahn Busway
33:
30:
19:
4105:
3944:Outer Harbor
3899:
3827:
3820:
3813:
3717:
3698:
3679:
3660:
3626:. Retrieved
3613:
3606:Cervero 1998
3591:UBD Adelaide
3590:
3586:
3579:Cervero 1998
3557:
3552:
3540:. Retrieved
3526:
3514:. Retrieved
3507:the original
3490:
3478:. Retrieved
3474:the original
3464:
3452:. Retrieved
3442:
3430:. Retrieved
3426:the original
3416:
3404:. Retrieved
3394:
3382:. Retrieved
3371:
3359:. Retrieved
3355:the original
3345:
3337:
3328:
3320:
3315:
3303:. Retrieved
3299:the original
3289:
3279:
3274:
3263:
3257:
3245:. Retrieved
3241:the original
3231:
3221:
3216:
3206:
3201:
3191:
3186:
3176:
3171:
3161:
3156:
3118:
3109:
3081:. Retrieved
3071:
3052:
3046:
3027:
3021:
3009:. Retrieved
2984:. Retrieved
2980:the original
2975:
2966:
2947:
2941:
2934:Donovan 1991
2929:
2917:
2912:
2900:. Retrieved
2890:
2878:. Retrieved
2868:
2854:. Retrieved
2838:. Retrieved
2822:. Retrieved
2809:
2797:. Retrieved
2787:
2775:. Retrieved
2765:
2753:. Retrieved
2743:
2729:. Retrieved
2713:. Retrieved
2697:. Retrieved
2681:. Retrieved
2665:. Retrieved
2649:. Retrieved
2636:
2624:. Retrieved
2614:
2602:. Retrieved
2592:
2580:. Retrieved
2570:
2558:. Retrieved
2551:the original
2538:
2526:. Retrieved
2519:the original
2475:. Retrieved
2465:
2453:. Retrieved
2449:the original
2442:
2433:
2422:
2413:
2403:
2398:
2386:. Retrieved
2379:the original
2365:
2310:. Retrieved
2304:
2294:
2273:
2266:Cervero 1998
2246:19 September
2244:. Retrieved
2231:
2219:. Retrieved
2212:
2190:. July 1997.
2185:
2149:Buses portal
2129:trolleybuses
2121:B5 biodiesel
2110:
2085:
2052:
2048:
2034:East Terrace
2014:Botanic Road
2006:
1993:West Terrace
1982:
1957:Tonsley line
1950:
1946:
1929:Golden Grove
1926:
1906:
1903:
1869:
1865:
1859:Daimler-Benz
1856:
1832:David Tonkin
1819:
1815:H type trams
1775:
1755:
1746:World War II
1743:
1715:
1698:Golden Grove
1650:Mawson Lakes
1623:Campbelltown
1554:Destinations
1513:
1501:Campbelltown
1493:
1485:Botanic Park
1458:
1426:Golden Grove
1408:
1398:
1384:
1371:Interchanges
1358:
1353:rumble strip
1345:
1341:
1310:
1280:
1245:
1208:East Terrace
1205:
1181:
1157:
1134:
1122:Daimler-Benz
1101:
1099:
845:Parsons Road
617:Holton Court
404:/ Botanic Rd
313:East Terrace
244:
219:Journey time
29:
4070:Citadis 302
3265:Sunday Mail
2424:Sunday Mail
2348:1981–1989.)
2113:diesel fuel
2071:Environment
2026:Rymill Park
1895:John Bannon
1861:. From the
1842:Development
1771:Don Dunstan
1766:Steele Hall
1563:Walkerville
1473:Rymill Park
1304:SG280s and
1283:articulated
1277:Guide-wheel
1248:sump buster
1239:to install
823:Darley Road
757:Church Road
735:Hill Street
92:Operational
4120:Categories
3650:References
3516:3 November
3432:27 January
3119:OED Online
3115:O-Bahn, n.
2560:12 January
2157:Guided bus
1974:South Road
1868:(bus) and
1834:appointed
1794:light rail
1703:Para Hills
1335:, and one
1315:rigid and
1192:plasticity
1186:along the
1028:Smart Road
867:Lyons Road
779:footbridge
713:footbridge
529:footbridge
222:20 minutes
164:Route type
129:2017-12-10
118:1989-08-20
107:1986-03-09
3948:Port Dock
3867:SouthLink
3855:Operators
3829:metroCARD
3822:Ticketing
3223:Fleetline
2388:13 August
1827:St Peters
1614:Northgate
1568:Gilberton
1422:Elizabeth
1347:hold the
962:Dry Creek
239:Route map
227:Ridership
122:(stage 2)
111:(stage 1)
4035:Services
3961:Flinders
3927:Services
3659:(1998).
3628:24 April
3542:21 March
3536:ABC News
3480:2 August
3305:10 April
3247:10 April
2880:23 April
2856:23 April
2840:23 April
2824:23 April
2799:23 April
2777:23 April
2755:23 April
2731:23 April
2715:23 April
2699:23 April
2683:23 April
2667:23 April
2651:23 April
2626:23 April
2604:23 April
2582:23 April
2528:10 March
2477:21 April
2455:29 April
2312:24 April
2221:24 April
2135:See also
2119:and 32%
1985:Grenfell
1967:and the
1762:gridlock
1732:Planning
1628:Paradise
1542:Location
1505:Paradise
1404:Paradise
1149:Paradise
1114:Adelaide
206:Stations
79:Operator
64:Overview
4131:Busways
4106:Italics
4042:Glenelg
3957:Seaford
3862:Busways
3454:22 July
3384:15 July
3361:15 July
2902:8 April
2306:InDaily
1866:Omnibus
1786:Modbury
1727:History
1701:546 to
1674:Modbury
1653:502 to
1648:501 to
1643:500 to
1612:528 to
1597:Klemzig
1414:Modbury
1390:Klemzig
1164:Modbury
1145:Klemzig
669:OG Road
214:Service
127: (
116: (
105: (
3959:&
3952:Grange
3950:&
3939:Gawler
3934:Belair
3724:
3705:
3686:
3667:
3406:13 May
3083:21 May
3059:
3034:
3011:21 May
2986:21 May
2954:
1878:U-Bahn
1874:S-Bahn
1863:German
1463:along
1306:SL202s
1200:pylons
639:Lower
253:Legend
245:
198:Length
89:Status
69:System
4083:Other
3919:Train
3622:(PDF)
3510:(PDF)
3503:(PDF)
2554:(PDF)
2547:(PDF)
2522:(PDF)
2515:(PDF)
2382:(PDF)
2375:(PDF)
2168:Notes
1882:Essen
1557:Notes
1432:Route
1258:Buses
1170:Track
1130:Essen
1104:is a
178:Start
159:Route
4027:Tram
3987:4000
3982:3100
3977:3000
3722:ISBN
3703:ISBN
3684:ISBN
3665:ISBN
3630:2015
3544:2016
3518:2015
3482:2015
3456:2015
3434:2011
3408:2009
3386:2010
3363:2010
3307:2015
3249:2015
3085:2015
3057:ISBN
3032:ISBN
3013:2015
2988:2015
2952:ISBN
2904:2015
2882:2015
2858:2015
2842:2015
2826:2015
2801:2015
2779:2015
2757:2015
2733:2015
2717:2015
2701:2015
2685:2015
2669:2015
2653:2015
2628:2015
2606:2015
2584:2015
2562:2014
2530:2015
2479:2015
2457:2015
2390:2015
2314:2015
2248:2021
2223:2015
2127:for
2060:TAFE
2032:and
1987:and
1876:and
1870:Bahn
1551:Name
1503:and
1252:sump
1151:and
1126:tram
1100:The
3847:Bus
2117:B20
1899:A$
1681:7.5
1635:3.7
1604:1.9
1575:0.0
1538:LGA
1471:in
1302:MAN
188:End
4122::
3946:,
3598:^
3567:^
3534:.
3336:.
3142:^
3130:^
3121:.
3117:"
3093:^
2996:^
2974:.
2920:.
2503:^
2487:^
2441:.
2421:.
2353:^
2322:^
2303:.
2282:^
2256:^
2239:.
2211:.
2196:^
2176:^
2131:.
2020:,
1980:.
1817:.
1678:12
1548:mi
1545:km
1511:.
1292:'
1166:.
1147:,
1132:.
1116:,
3795:e
3788:t
3781:v
3730:.
3711:.
3692:.
3673:.
3632:.
3546:.
3520:.
3484:.
3458:.
3436:.
3410:.
3388:.
3365:.
3309:.
3251:.
3113:"
3087:.
3065:.
3040:.
3015:.
2990:.
2960:.
2924:.
2906:.
2884:.
2860:.
2844:.
2828:.
2803:.
2781:.
2759:.
2735:.
2719:.
2703:.
2687:.
2671:.
2655:.
2630:.
2608:.
2586:.
2564:.
2532:.
2481:.
2459:.
2392:.
2316:.
2250:.
2225:.
1723:.
1632:6
1601:3
1572:0
209:3
170:/
131:)
120:)
109:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
