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as it corrupts one's soul. So, Katz states, according to Plato a moral person has peace and happiness, and would not use a Ring of Power. Katz writes that
Tolkien's story "demonstrate various responses to the question posed by Plato: would a just person be corrupted by the possibility of almost unlimited power?" The question is answered in different ways: Gollum is weak, corrupted, and finally destroyed; Boromir begins virtuous but like Plato's Gyges is corrupted "by the temptation of power" from the Ring, even if he wants to use it for good, but redeems himself by defending the hobbits to his own death; the "strong and virtuous" Galadriel, who sees clearly what she would become if she accepted the ring, and rejects it; the immortal
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Instead, he argues, that is brought about by "countless acts of courage, kindness and help, both small and great, from unknown people and forces, in unforeseen circumstances, that together provide an opportunity to do the right thing." That in turn is accompanied by "a commitment to the simple good things of life – food, water, green and growing things", making "an appreciation of life itself, at once natural and spiritual" the value that succeeds. Curry sees this as offering hope in the real world, and the principal message of
Tolkien's writings. Curry cites the moment when Sam is saved from the Ring's temptation:
144:
2004:
727:, examining the question of whether the work is an allegory despite Tolkien's statement to the contrary, writes that Gollum serves as "a cautionary warning as to what obsession with the Ring and addiction to power can do to someone. In deprivation, he craves his 'precious' talisman of power, although he knows its destructive force. The film presents a parable of addiction, as Gollum is torn apart by his need for the destructive substance".
339:, exempt from the Ring's corrupting power and from its gift of invisibility; Sam who in a moment of need faithfully uses the ring, but is not seduced by its vision of "Samwise the Strong, Hero of the Age"; and finally Frodo who is gradually corrupted, but is saved by his earlier mercy to Gollum, and Gollum's desperation for the Ring. Katz concludes that Tolkien's answer to Plato's "Why be moral?" is "to be yourself".
429:, something wholly modern. He sees a modern echo, too, in Boromir's response to the Ring, with "all the signals which the twentieth century has learned to distrust", including fascination with power even if it is the Enemy's; his speech praising "the fearless" and then "the ruthless" as the way to victory; the portrayal of himself as a leader with "power of Command"; and eventually "the naked appeal to force".
676:. He writes that this sums up Gandalf's whole argument, as in the early stages, as with Bilbo and Sam, the addiction can be shaken off easily enough, while for those who are not yet addicted, as with Aragorn and indeed others like Galadriel and Faramir, its pull is like any other temptation. What Gandalf could not do to Frodo, Shippey writes, is make him
667:. Shippey notes that, despite Manlove, Tolkien is fair in showing a regular pattern of "creeping corruption": Bilbo becomes angry when Gandalf tries to coax him to give up the Ring, and is seen as "a little wrinkled creature with a hungry face and bony groping hands" when he asks Frodo to let him look at the Ring just one more time;
438:, analyse the corrupting effect of power. They pay particular attention to the Ring, but point out that the issue is wider than that, as some characters were corrupted long before the Rings were forged. They view Tolkien's scheme as having five groups of three characters, each affected differently by power.
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to hand the Ring over. And for the owner of the Ring, the destructive aspect is the urge to use it, no matter how good the intentions of the owner might be at the start. Katz writes that "it is clear that
Tolkien is demonstrating to us the progressive forces of corruption of the possession and use of
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us this corruption through the thoughts and actions of his characters"; Plato tries to counter the "cynical conclusion" that moral life is chosen by the weak; Glaucon thinks that people are only "good" because they suppose they will be caught if they are not. Plato argues that immoral life is no good
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to meet
Saruman, and offers him freedom in place of slavery to Sauron, Saruman is too thoroughly corrupted to be able to choose any longer. As for Gollum, he is "a far more pitiable creature" as the Ring has taken him from a basically amoral position to one of evil. When Frodo suggests Gollum is not
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Gollum and
Saruman differ from the other characters in submitting willingly to an evil power; the effect, according to the scholar Patricia Spacks, is of gradual destruction, even when the character starts out mainly virtuous. Saruman's case shows, she writes, that "pride and the lust for power", as
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writes that
Tolkien's narrative is not limited to "a single, all-consuming crisis: the War of the Ring dominates, but is not absolutely everything", and furthermore "Nor is the end of the Ring a purely voluntary, willed and idealistic renunciation": the addiction is not broken by a single choice.
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Katz argues that
Tolkien uses the device of the Ring and its addictive power to reveal each character's morality in turn. The extreme case is Sméagol, whose addiction to the Ring becomes more pronounced as, over 500 years, he is wholly overcome by its power. He is transformed into the monstrous
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Other critics, too, have described the Ring as addictive, with each use progressively increasing the hold the Ring has over its bearer. Bilbo, while possessing the Ring for some time, is able to give it away willingly, though with considerable difficulty. Later, when he encounters the Ring in
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Sméagol kills his friend Déagol to gain the Ring; over the centuries is "almost completely corrupted" by desire for the Ring; is made "a miserable creature, afraid of everything, friendless, homeless, constantly seeking his 'precious' Ring"; personality disintegrates,
938:'s description of the lust for power: "strength, domination, and hoarded wealth", which Elrond contrasts with another triad, "understanding, making, and healing". She explains that these "softer, gentler" things are "more powerful than any conventional weapons".
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be handed over relatively easily (Sam and Bilbo), and removing the Ring by force (Gollum to Frodo) does not, despite
Gandalf's assertion at the beginning of the story, break Frodo's mind. The Ring also appears to have little effect on characters such as Aragorn,
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to find out secrets, and he put his knowledge to crooked and malicious uses. He became sharp-eyed and keen-eared for all that was hurtful. The ring had given him power according to his stature. ... he became very unpopular and ... they called him
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uses Gollum-like words with "It is precious to me, though I buy it with great pain"; there is Gollum's corrupted state throughout the story; and there are the ominous signals from
Boromir. Shippey replies to Manlove's doubt with "one word":
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The corrupting effect of power in the book is not limited to the Ring. Sauron was already corrupted when he chose to put much of his power into the Ring to gain further control of Middle-earth. Some other characters, like
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Is offered the Ring by Frodo; admits "my heart has greatly desired to ask what you offer"; displays how powerful she might be if she used it; rejects all use of Ring, with "I pass the test... I will diminish, and go into
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creature Gollum, showing traits ranging from withdrawal and isolation to suspicion and anger towards others; his obsession with the Ring leads to his demise. Eventually he is "utterly destroyed" by the pull of the Ring.
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in their turn also reject it, fearing that it would overpower them as well. Inversely, the hobbits' good-naturedness and lack of ambition makes them less susceptible to the Ring's promises of power, as in Frodo and
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Makes limited use of the Ring; eventually sees where it would lead, imagining himself as "Samwise the Strong, Hero of the Age, striding with a flaming sword across the darkened land ... and ... the vale of
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The corrupting effect of power is, according to
Shippey, a modern theme, since in earlier times, power was considered to "reveal character", not alter it. Shippey quotes
275:, who are able to handle the Ring for extended periods of time. Hobbits are not totally immune to the Ring's effects, however, as shown by the changes it works in Frodo,
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689:, he experiences a powerful longing to hold it again. Frodo also shows features of addiction, ultimately becoming unable to relinquish the Ring of his own accord.
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The one small garden of a free gardener was all his need and due, not a garden swollen to a realm; his own hands to use, not the hands of others to command.
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he strives to get the Ring and to be powerful like Sauron, are enough to destroy him even though he never gets the Ring. When Gandalf comes to the ruins of
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consider the theme to be modern, since in earlier times, power was considered to reveal character, not to alter it, recalling the English politician
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A major theme is the corrupting influence of the Ring through the power it offers, especially to those already powerful. The Tolkien scholar
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criticises Tolkien's attitude towards power as inconsistent, with exceptions to the supposedly overwhelming influence of the Ring. The Ring
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made by each character. Sméagol kills his friend Déagol to gain the Ring, and is corrupted by it, becoming wholly miserable as the creature
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Saruman, a Wizard not a warrior, expresses the temptation to Gandalf, in the hope of persuading him, as "Knowledge, Rule, Order". The
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famously stated "Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely", an idea embodied in the addictive power of the
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became a garden of flowers and trees and brought forth fruit", but seeing he would quickly be defeated, and rejects its use
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Seduced by power of the Ring, and the idea of using it for good; sees himself as a great warrior wielding the Ring against
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the One Ring"; usage may begin innocently or accidentally, but "its seductive power" gradually wears down any resistance.
1335:'The Lord of the Rings' and the Emerging Generation: A Study of the Message and Medium. J. R. R. Tolkien and Peter Jackson
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233:"He hated it and loved it, as he hated and loved himself. He could not get rid of it. He had no will left in the matter."
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Katz, Eric (2003). "The Rings of Tolkien and Plato: Lessons in Power, Choice, and Morality". In Bassham, Gregory (ed.).
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gave invisibility and thus the ability to get away with crime. The philosopher Eric Katz, however writes that "Plato
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Shippey points out authors contemporary with Tolkien who dealt in the theme of the corrupting influence of power:
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409:(1958). In his view, this was largely a modern idea; he writes that the nearest medieval equivalent is the
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Bravely accepts quest to destroy the Ring; it comes to dominate his will; temptation proves too much
250:", and the corrupting influence it has on its bearers. Gandalf rejects the Ring for this reason when
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writes that Saruman's triad is capitalised "as though they were Powers. They sound oppressive, like
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Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Great men are almost always bad men
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Agnes Perkins and Helen Hill's analysis of the corrupting effect of power, especially of the Ring
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Saved by his love for Frodo, and his "still unconquered ... plain hobbit-sense"; remains himself
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In complete control in his own territory, "unwilling to go outside his self-imposed boundaries"
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Has right to rule as heir to throne; fights steadily against evil; gains power by moral right
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Rejects the Ring when Frodo offers it; rejects Saruman's proposal to wield power together
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replies "Not wholly, perhaps, but malice eats it like a canker, and the evil is growing".
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turns to evil and is wholly corrupted, lured by pride and power, but never gets the Ring.
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77:'s 1887 statement that "power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely".
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Virtuous—"noble, good-hearted, and brave", corrupted by power, for good of his country,
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Tempted strongly but for a short time; "he alone gives up the Ring willingly" to Frodo
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is seduced by the idea of using the Ring for good, and dies as a result. The Elf-lady
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becomes obsessed with the Ring, but never possesses it, while Sméagol kills his kin
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Resistant, but unable to overcome its power; ultimately unable to destroy the Ring
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Desires the Ring but does not get a chance to seize it; is destroyed by his own
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1412:(2006). "The Lord of the Rings as Allegory: A Multiperspectivist Reading". In
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contends bravely with the Ring but is taken over by it, whereas his companion
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The Battle for Middle-Earth: Tolkien's Divine Design in The Lord of the Rings
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notes Gandalf's statements about the power and influence of the One Ring in "
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explains that Gollum was wholly corrupted by and addicted to the Ring:
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From Hobbits to Hollywood: Essays on Peter Jackson's Lord of the Rings
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Understanding the Lord of the Rings: The Best of Tolkien Criticism
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Perkins, Agnes; Hill, Helen (1975). "The Corruption of Power". In
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Reading The Lord of the Rings: New Writings on Tolkien's Classic
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Hollywoodjesus.com – Pop Culture From A Spiritual Point of View
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The Lord of the Rings and Philosophy: One Book to Rule Them All
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has returned the real Ring), then "by accident" in the inn at
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The Tolkien scholars Agnes Perkins and Helen Hill, writing in
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606:"Understands the danger of the Ring", chooses not to take it
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184:. He intended it to control those who wore any of the other
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425:, but its attitude to the corrupting effect of power is an
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is saved by his love for Frodo, and his simple good sense.
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Eric Katz's analysis of how addiction to the power of the
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The corrupting power of the Ring has been compared to the
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Ring and power in J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings
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offers it to him; this view of the Ring is reinforced as
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is greatly tempted, but rejects all use of the Ring. The
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Is tempted to take or accept the Ring; passes the test
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Makes limited use of the Ring at first (checking that
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talking to himself as two halves, Sméagol and Gollum
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Defending Middle-earth: Tolkien: Myth and Modernity
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330:that such corruption will occur, but Tolkien
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312:The theme of a corrupting ring dates back to
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1446:(1978) . "J. R. R. Tolkien (1892-1973) and
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470:with the intention of gaining evil control
415:man deĂľ swa he byĂľ Ăľonne he mot swa he wile
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1666:Power and Meaning in The Lord of the Rings
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931:... in the German fashion". She notes the
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1544:Continuum International Publishing Group
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103:Tolkien uses the Ring to illuminate the
47:to enable him to take over the whole of
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466:Unrelieved evil; he put power into the
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2113:The Man in the Moon Stayed Up Too Late
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1619:J.R.R. Tolkien: Author of the Century
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538:"The Great", who could wield the Ring
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3243:Music Inspired by Lord of the Rings
895:Remains himself, an immortal being
752:Effect of the Ring on the character
744:uncovers each character's morality
731:Revealing each character's morality
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4006:Middle-earth Collectible Card Game
93:but uninterested in the Ring. The
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18:Addiction in The Lord of the Rings
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4038:Middle-earth Strategy Battle Game
3968:Gondor: The Siege of Minas Tirith
2002:
69:on that story. Scholars such as
4076:Themes of The Lord of the Rings
3052:The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien
989:
279:and Gollum. On the other hand,
3737:The Battle for Middle-earth II
3498:Peter Jackson's interpretation
3000:The Adventures of Tom Bombadil
2153:Ancestry as guide to character
892:None, it has no power over him
773:Desire, greed; loses his soul
287:, the first Ring bearer after
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1:
3932:The One Ring Roleplaying Game
1927:The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen
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847:, then when compelled by the
826:Remains herself, an immortal
787:; becomes separated from the
546:Succumbs to desire for power
4081:Power (social and political)
3821:The Lord of the Rings Online
1641:Sommer, Mark (7 July 2004).
1525:. Internet Classics Archive.
1453:Modern Fantasy: Five Studies
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168:was forged by the Dark Lord
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3723:The Battle for Middle-earth
3630:Game Two: Shadows of Mordor
3059:The History of Middle-earth
1992:Tolkien's impact on fantasy
1600:"Andy Serkis BBC interview"
1333:Bell, Anita Miller (2009).
923:priest and Tolkien scholar
147:Artist's representation of
10:
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4045:Lego The Lord of the Rings
3939:Adventures in Middle-earth
3774:Lego The Lord of the Rings
3744:The Rise of the Witch-king
3681:The Fellowship of the Ring
3418:The Fellowship of the Ring
3094:The Nature of Middle-earth
2970:List of weapons and armour
1880:The Fellowship of the Ring
1701:The Fellowship of the Ring
1458:Cambridge University Press
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513:: only interested in food
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3478:
3444:
3412:
3401:
3358:
3349:
3290:
3232:
3205:
3155:
3120:
3103:
3073:The History of The Hobbit
2982:
2935:
2909:
2822:
2813:
2783:
2718:
2518:
2473:
2464:
2381:
2306:
2138:
2020:
2011:
2000:
1920:The Scouring of the Shire
1868:
1845:
1672:; Neil D. Isaacs (eds.).
791:; repents, tries to save
610:
570:
537:
500:
457:
1706:George Allen & Unwin
902:Overcoming the addiction
523:Too old to desire power
458:Wholly corrupted already
406:The Once and Future King
43:, made by the Dark Lord
3674:Vol. II: The Two Towers
3391:The War of the Rohirrim
3192:Margrethe II of Denmark
2363:A mythology for England
1785:Yell, David M. (2007).
1111:Plato & Jowett 2009
1058:Perkins & Hill 1975
823:, and remain Galadriel"
423:medieval in its setting
182:peoples of Middle-earth
111:. The virtuous warrior
3695:The Return of the King
3434:The Return of the King
3379:The Return of the King
3279:The Battle of Evermore
2263:Psychological journeys
1906:The Shadow of the Past
1894:The Return of the King
1727:The Return of the King
1662:Spacks, Patricia Meyer
1643:"Addicted to the Ring"
1530:Roberts, Adam (2006).
972:The Shadow of the Past
917:
377:
364:
248:The Shadow of the Past
235:
223:
180:to gain dominion over
151:
34:addiction to power in
3367:The Lord of the Rings
3331:The Lord of the Rings
3311:The Lord of the Rings
3299:The Lord of the Rings
3252:The Lord of the Rings
3165:A Map of Middle-earth
3066:The Children of HĂşrin
3024:The Road Goes Ever On
2168:Death and immortality
2118:The Road Goes Ever On
2095:A Elbereth Gilthoniel
1913:The Council of Elrond
1858:The Lord of the Rings
1838:The Lord of the Rings
1733:The Lord of the Rings
1448:The Lord of the Rings
1015:The Council of Elrond
913:
755:Character's morality
699:The Lord of the Rings
596:, challenging Sauron
509:Unquestionably evil,
419:The Lord of the Rings
373:
355:
231:
212:
161:The Lord of the Rings
146:
67:The Lord of the Rings
36:The Lord of the Rings
3616:Journey to Rivendell
3323:Hordes of the Things
3087:The Fall of Gondolin
2775:Watcher in the Water
2743:Witch-king of Angmar
1940:List of translations
1460:. pp. 152–206.
906:The Tolkien scholar
650:The literary critic
646:A single explanation
3637:War in Middle Earth
3583:The Hunt for Gollum
3137:The Last Ringbearer
2423:Narrative structure
2418:Impression of depth
2035:Company of the Ring
1758:Christopher Tolkien
1570:William B. Eerdmans
1276:, pp. 164–165.
1187:, pp. 152–206.
1160:, pp. 115–117.
1148:, pp. 115–116.
1072:, pp. 112–119.
1043:, pp. 115–119.
799:, but is killed by
745:
443:
371:'s 1887 statement:
3880:War of Three Peaks
3557:The Rings of Power
3491:Hobbiton Movie Set
3455:Concerning Hobbits
3339:Der Herr der Ringe
3272:Misty Mountain Hop
3129:Bored of the Rings
2953:Phial of Galadriel
2283:Sound and language
2178:Dreams and visions
2148:Addiction to power
1680:. pp. 52–67.
1536:Eaglestone, Robert
1497:. pp. 57–68.
739:
441:
365:
238:The Ring's effects
152:
134:The Ring and power
89:is unquestionably
4058:
4057:
4054:
4053:
3981:Lord of the Rings
3903:
3902:
3894:Before the Shadow
3838:Siege of Mirkwood
3601:
3600:
3520:
3519:
3504:Picturing Tolkien
3222:Lord of the Rings
3175:Barbara Remington
3080:Beren and LĂşthien
3031:Bilbo's Last Song
2978:
2977:
2809:
2808:
2460:
2459:
2411:Pseudotranslation
2401:Editorial framing
2396:Character pairing
2243:Naming of weapons
1798:978-1-60266-768-6
1777:978-0-395-25730-2
1754:Tolkien, J. R. R.
1722:Tolkien, J. R. R.
1696:Tolkien, J. R. R.
1687:978-0-61842-253-1
1633:978-0-26110-401-3
1598:(21 March 2003).
1579:978-0-8028-2497-4
1562:Rutledge, Fleming
1553:978-0-82648-460-4
1490:A Tolkien Compass
1467:978-0-521-29386-0
1444:Manlove, Colin N.
1435:978-9-04201-682-8
1393:978-0-81269-545-8
1386:. pp. 5–20.
1370:978-0-26110-371-9
1344:978-1-10924-676-6
1013:, book 2, ch. 2 "
970:, book 1, ch. 2 "
899:
898:
643:
642:
435:A Tolkien Compass
396:Lord of the Flies
206:had found in the
16:(Redirected from
4088:
3887:Fate of Gundabad
3845:Rise of Isengard
3816:
3815:
3788:Shadow of Mordor
3767:War in the North
3715:Game Boy Advance
3410:
3409:
3356:
3355:
3114:derivative works
3105:
3104:
3045:Unfinished Tales
3038:The Silmarillion
2820:
2819:
2471:
2470:
2248:Northern courage
2193:Environmentalism
2173:Decline and fall
2108:Song of Eärendil
2018:
2017:
2006:
1851:J. R. R. Tolkien
1830:
1823:
1816:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1788:The Drama of Man
1781:
1768:Houghton Mifflin
1763:The Silmarillion
1749:
1738:Houghton Mifflin
1717:
1691:
1678:Houghton Mifflin
1670:Rose A. Zimbardo
1657:
1655:
1653:
1637:
1609:
1591:
1557:
1526:
1517:Jowett, Benjamin
1508:
1479:
1439:
1418:Murray Pomerance
1410:Kellner, Douglas
1405:
1374:
1348:
1321:
1315:
1304:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1131:
1114:
1108:
1102:
1101:, pp. 52–67
1096:
1085:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1060:, pp. 57–68
1055:
1044:
1038:
1018:
1008:
999:
993:
987:
981:
975:
965:
925:Fleming Rutledge
889:
761:Sméagol / Gollum
746:
738:
496:Split character
480:
444:
440:
348:"Power corrupts"
308:Tolkien vs Plato
291:, to obtain it.
172:in the fires of
158:'s fantasy work
156:J. R. R. Tolkien
139:In the narrative
21:
4096:
4095:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4086:
4085:
4061:
4060:
4059:
4050:
4025:
3993:
3988:War of the Ring
3963:War of the Ring
3944:
3909:
3899:
3852:Riders of Rohan
3814:
3809:Return to Moria
3760:Aragorn's Quest
3702:War of the Ring
3660:Riders of Rohan
3597:
3570:
3533:Sagan om ringen
3516:
3511:Tolkien on Film
3474:
3440:
3404:
3397:
3345:
3286:
3250:Symphony No. 1
3228:
3201:
3151:
3116:
3099:
2984:
2974:
2931:
2922:Pelennor Fields
2905:
2805:
2779:
2714:
2521:
2514:
2456:
2377:
2338:First World War
2333:Classical world
2302:
2134:
2007:
1998:
1864:
1863:
1841:
1834:
1799:
1791:. Xulon Press.
1778:
1688:
1651:
1649:
1634:
1580:
1554:
1505:
1468:
1436:
1424:. Vol. 3.
1394:
1371:
1345:
1329:
1324:
1316:
1307:
1299:
1295:
1287:
1280:
1272:
1268:
1260:
1251:
1243:
1239:
1231:
1227:
1219:
1215:
1207:
1203:
1195:
1191:
1183:
1179:
1171:
1164:
1156:
1152:
1144:
1140:
1136:, pp. 5–20
1132:
1117:
1109:
1105:
1097:
1088:
1080:
1076:
1068:
1064:
1056:
1047:
1039:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1009:
1002:
994:
990:
982:
978:
966:
953:
949:
944:
904:
885:
733:
725:Douglas Kellner
721:Critical theory
648:
475:
391:William Golding
350:
345:
310:
240:
141:
136:
39:is central, as
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4094:
4084:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4056:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4041:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4016:
4009:
4001:
3999:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3991:
3984:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3952:
3950:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3942:
3935:
3928:
3921:
3913:
3911:
3908:Tabletop role-
3905:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3890:
3883:
3876:
3869:
3862:
3855:
3848:
3841:
3834:
3831:Mines of Moria
3826:
3824:
3813:
3812:
3805:
3798:
3791:
3784:
3777:
3770:
3763:
3756:
3749:
3748:
3747:
3733:
3726:
3719:
3718:
3717:
3705:
3698:
3691:
3688:The Two Towers
3684:
3677:
3670:
3663:
3656:
3648:
3640:
3633:
3626:
3619:
3611:
3609:
3603:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3587:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3553:
3545:
3537:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3507:
3500:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3482:
3480:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3465:
3458:
3450:
3448:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3430:
3426:The Two Towers
3422:
3413:
3407:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3387:
3375:
3362:
3360:
3353:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3335:
3327:
3319:
3307:
3294:
3292:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3282:
3275:
3268:
3256:
3247:
3238:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3218:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3172:
3170:Pauline Baynes
3161:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3141:
3133:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3117:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3090:
3083:
3076:
3069:
3062:
3055:
3048:
3041:
3034:
3027:
3020:
3019:
3018:
3013:
3008:
2996:
2988:
2986:
2980:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2958:Rings of Power
2955:
2950:
2945:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2828:
2826:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2750:Old Man Willow
2747:
2746:
2745:
2735:
2730:
2724:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2647:
2642:
2632:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2559:
2554:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2526:
2524:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2490:
2485:
2479:
2477:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2430:
2420:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2398:
2393:
2387:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2353:Modern sources
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2318:
2316:Antiquarianism
2312:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2228:Mental illness
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2144:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2123:A Walking Song
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2098:
2086:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2057:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2026:
2024:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1987:Works inspired
1984:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1962:
1957:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1923:
1916:
1909:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1890:
1887:The Two Towers
1883:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1833:
1832:
1825:
1818:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1797:
1782:
1776:
1750:
1718:
1692:
1686:
1658:
1638:
1632:
1610:
1592:
1578:
1558:
1552:
1546:. p. 63.
1532:"The One Ring"
1527:
1509:
1504:978-0875483030
1503:
1485:Lobdell, Jared
1480:
1466:
1440:
1434:
1414:Ernest Mathijs
1406:
1392:
1375:
1369:
1353:Curry, Patrick
1349:
1343:
1337:. p. 56.
1328:
1325:
1323:
1322:
1305:
1293:
1278:
1266:
1264:, p. 164.
1249:
1237:
1225:
1213:
1201:
1199:, p. 108.
1189:
1177:
1175:, p. 117.
1162:
1150:
1138:
1115:
1103:
1086:
1074:
1062:
1045:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1019:
1000:
988:
976:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
903:
900:
897:
896:
893:
890:
882:
881:
878:
870:
864:
863:
860:
837:
831:
830:
824:
816:
810:
809:
803:
781:
775:
774:
771:
763:
757:
756:
753:
750:
732:
729:
717:drug addiction
705:drug addiction
647:
644:
641:
640:
637:
631:
630:
627:
621:
620:
617:
612:
608:
607:
604:
598:
597:
590:
584:
583:
580:
575:
568:
567:
564:
558:
557:
554:
548:
547:
544:
539:
535:
534:
531:
525:
524:
521:
515:
514:
507:
502:
498:
497:
494:
488:
487:
485:Rings of Power
481:
472:
471:
464:
459:
455:
454:
451:
448:
349:
346:
344:
341:
309:
306:
300:totally evil,
273:Samwise Gamgee
239:
236:
186:Rings of Power
140:
137:
135:
132:
128:Samwise Gamgee
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4093:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4047:
4046:
4042:
4040:
4039:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4028:
4022:
4021:
4017:
4015:
4014:
4010:
4008:
4007:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3996:
3990:
3989:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3960:
3959:
3958:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3947:
3941:
3940:
3936:
3934:
3933:
3929:
3927:
3926:
3922:
3920:
3919:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3910:playing games
3906:
3896:
3895:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3884:
3882:
3881:
3877:
3875:
3874:
3870:
3868:
3867:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3849:
3847:
3846:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3795:Shadow of War
3792:
3790:
3789:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3764:
3762:
3761:
3757:
3755:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3745:
3741:
3740:
3739:
3738:
3734:
3732:
3731:
3727:
3725:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3709:The Third Age
3706:
3704:
3703:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3685:
3683:
3682:
3678:
3676:
3675:
3671:
3669:
3668:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3657:
3655:
3653:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3593:
3592:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3573:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3523:
3513:
3512:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3477:
3470:
3466:
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3157:Illustrations
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2406:Frame stories
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2233:Moral dilemma
2231:
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2218:Luck and fate
2216:
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2209:
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1856:Constructing
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1624:HarperCollins
1621:
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1361:HarperCollins
1358:
1354:
1350:
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1340:
1336:
1331:
1330:
1320:, p. 109
1319:
1318:Rutledge 2003
1314:
1312:
1310:
1303:, p. 74.
1302:
1297:
1291:, p. 53.
1290:
1285:
1283:
1275:
1270:
1263:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1247:, p. 56.
1246:
1241:
1235:, p. 28.
1234:
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1091:
1084:, p. 63.
1083:
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908:Patrick Curry
894:
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737:
728:
726:
722:
718:
714:
711:, who played
710:
706:
702:
700:
695:
694:Peter Jackson
690:
688:
682:
679:
675:
670:
666:
662:
657:
653:
652:Colin Manlove
638:
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381:George Orwell
376:
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333:
329:
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324:Ring of Gyges
321:
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145:
131:
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124:Frodo Baggins
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
105:moral choices
101:
99:
96:
92:
88:
84:
78:
76:
72:
68:
64:
63:
57:
56:Ring of Gyges
52:
50:
46:
42:
38:
37:
32:The theme of
27:
19:
4043:
4036:
4018:
4011:
4004:
3986:
3979:
3957:Middle Earth
3955:
3937:
3930:
3923:
3916:
3893:
3886:
3879:
3873:Minas Morgul
3872:
3865:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3830:
3819:
3808:
3801:
3794:
3787:
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3773:
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3736:
3729:
3722:
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3701:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3665:
3658:
3651:
3643:
3635:
3628:
3621:
3614:
3591:Born of Hope
3589:
3581:
3555:
3547:
3539:
3531:
3509:
3502:
3432:
3424:
3416:
3389:
3377:
3365:
3337:
3329:
3321:
3309:
3297:
3259:Led Zeppelin
3251:
3241:
3220:
3212:
3145:Muddle Earth
3143:
3135:
3127:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3071:
3064:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3029:
3022:
3016:The Sea-Bell
3011:Fastitocalon
2998:
2991:
2801:Tom Bombadil
2728:Barrow-wight
2433:Storytelling
2321:
2163:Christianity
2158:Architecture
2147:
2100:
2093:
2055:Black Speech
2040:Family trees
1892:
1885:
1878:
1857:
1836:
1787:
1761:
1731:
1725:
1699:
1673:
1650:. Retrieved
1646:
1617:
1614:Shippey, Tom
1603:
1596:Serkis, Andy
1565:
1539:
1522:The Republic
1521:
1488:
1452:
1447:
1421:
1379:
1356:
1334:
1296:
1269:
1240:
1233:Kellner 2006
1228:
1216:
1204:
1192:
1185:Manlove 1978
1180:
1173:Shippey 2002
1158:Shippey 2002
1153:
1146:Shippey 2002
1141:
1106:
1082:Roberts 2006
1077:
1070:Shippey 2002
1065:
1041:Shippey 2002
1011:Tolkien 1954
996:Tolkien 1955
991:
984:Tolkien 1977
979:
968:Tolkien 1954
929:Nazi slogans
918:
914:
905:
887:Tom Bombadil
841:Tom Bombadil
734:
707:; the actor
701:film trilogy
698:
691:
683:
677:
655:
649:
529:Tom Bombadil
433:
431:
418:
414:
404:
399:(1954), and
394:
384:
378:
374:
366:
337:Tom Bombadil
331:
327:
322:, where the
318:
311:
293:
241:
232:
224:
216:
213:
208:River Anduin
194:
159:
153:
102:
83:Tom Bombadil
79:
66:
61:
53:
49:Middle-earth
35:
33:
31:
26:
4030:Other games
3949:Board games
3859:Helm's Deep
3607:Video games
3384:Rankin/Bass
3334:(BBC, 1981)
3214:Fellowship!
3197:Ted Nasmith
3110:Adaptations
2917:Helm's Deep
2440:Prose style
2428:Interlacing
2391:Anachronism
2373:Shakespeare
1980:Tolkienmoot
1970:Fan fiction
1935:Translating
1221:Serkis 2003
1209:Sommer 2004
1099:Spacks 2004
709:Andy Serkis
478:Ringwraiths
427:anachronism
421:is largely
411:Old English
401:T. H. White
386:Animal Farm
244:Tom Shippey
225:The wizard
176:during the
71:Tom Shippey
4065:Categories
3998:Card games
3541:Khraniteli
3486:Production
2993:The Hobbit
2874:LothlĂłrien
2840:Old Forest
2706:Wormtongue
2562:Half-elven
2557:Glorfindel
2383:Techniques
2308:Influences
1951:Reception
1766:. Boston:
1736:. Boston:
1652:16 October
1495:Open Court
1384:Open Court
1301:Curry 1998
1289:Curry 1998
1274:Curry 1998
1262:Curry 1998
942:References
853:Weathertop
789:Fellowship
511:gluttonous
369:Lord Acton
357:Lord Acton
178:Second Age
174:Mount Doom
75:Lord Acton
4071:Addiction
3469:May It Be
3265:Ramble On
3182:John Howe
2948:PalantĂrs
2850:The Shire
2845:Rivendell
2824:Geography
2796:Goldberry
2640:Beornings
2596:Treebeard
2584:Thranduil
2552:Galadriel
2450:Epic Pooh
2445:Ambiguity
2368:Philology
2358:Modernism
2278:Sexuality
2050:Languages
1746:519647821
1664:(2004). "
1519:(2009) .
1402:863158193
1355:(1998) .
1245:Bell 2009
1197:Yell 2007
1134:Katz 2003
1024:Secondary
921:Episcopal
875:Gorgoroth
814:Galadriel
749:Character
687:Rivendell
674:addictive
562:Galadriel
519:Treebeard
450:Character
413:proverb "
343:Addiction
260:Galadriel
195:When the
117:Galadriel
3753:Conquest
3623:Game One
3575:Fan-made
3479:Approach
3359:Animated
3281:" (1971)
3274:" (1971)
3267:" (1969)
3187:Alan Lee
3006:Errantry
2963:One Ring
2927:Morannon
2899:Isengard
2879:Mirkwood
2831:Eriador
2720:Monsters
2673:Denethor
2650:DĂşnedain
2645:DrĂşedain
2503:Radagast
2348:Medieval
2253:Paganism
2130:Proverbs
2070:Sindarin
2045:Heraldry
2022:Elements
2013:Analysis
1975:Oxonmoot
1960:Literary
1901:Stories
1875:Volumes
1756:(1977).
1724:(1955).
1714:12228601
1698:(1954).
1616:(2002).
1605:BBC News
1588:52559213
1564:(2003).
1420:(eds.).
933:half-elf
857:Amon Hen
821:the West
742:One Ring
723:scholar
715:, cited
588:Denethor
468:One Ring
389:(1945),
361:One Ring
319:Republic
297:Isengard
197:Stoorish
166:One Ring
149:the Ring
62:Republic
60:Plato's
41:the Ring
3730:Tactics
3667:Elendor
3560:(2022)
3549:Hobitit
3386:, 1980)
3374:, 1978)
3318:, 1979)
3306:, 1955)
3206:Theatre
2983:Related
2943:Mithril
2936:Objects
2910:Battles
2855:Bag End
2701:Théoden
2678:Faramir
2668:Boromir
2655:Aragorn
2603:Hobbits
2579:Legolas
2530:Dwarves
2522:peoples
2508:Saruman
2498:Gandalf
2493:Wizards
2483:Balrogs
2466:Peoples
2322:Beowulf
2213:Heroism
2203:Forests
2188:England
2183:Economy
2102:Namárië
2077:Khuzdul
2030:Artwork
1945:Swedish
1760:(ed.).
1538:(ed.).
1487:(ed.).
1476:8661848
1327:Sources
947:Primary
779:Boromir
669:Isildur
661:Legolas
635:Aragorn
602:Faramir
578:Boromir
571:Men of
552:Gandalf
542:Saruman
302:Faramir
289:Isildur
281:Boromir
268:Faramir
264:Aragorn
227:Gandalf
113:Boromir
98:Saruman
3973:Sauron
3866:Mordor
3802:Gollum
3654:(SNES)
3652:Vol. I
3646:(1990)
3644:Vol. I
3594:(2009)
3586:(2009)
3552:(1993)
3544:(1991)
3536:(1971)
3437:(2003)
3429:(2002)
3421:(2001)
3405:series
3394:(2024)
3372:Bakshi
3342:(1992)
3326:(1980)
3255:(1988)
3246:(1972)
3225:(2006)
3217:(2005)
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2889:Mordor
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2328:Celtic
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