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455:, characterized by Strack as a mixture of truth and fiction. His other works are "Ḥotam Toknit," antirabbinical polemics, appended to his edition of the "Mibḥar Yesharim" by Aaron the elder (Koslov, 1835); "Ebel Kabod," on the death of his wife and of his son Jacob (Odessa, 1866); and "Bene Reshef", essays and poems, published by
492:
This collection contains material from the Crimea and the
Caucasus. It was largely collected between 1839 and 1840, but with additions from Firkovich as late as 1852. It was originally owned by the Odessa Society of History and Antiquities and was stored in the Odessa museum. Some of these documents
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date back to the seventh century, and that seemingly modern forms of eulogy and the method of counting after the era of creation were in vogue among Jews much earlier than had been hitherto suspected. Chwolson alone defended him, but he also was forced to admit that in some cases
Firkovich had
514:
Briefly stated, the discoveries include the major part of the manuscripts described in Pinner's "Prospectus der
Odessaer Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Alterthum Gehörenden Aeltesten Hebräischen und Rabbinischen Manuscripte" (Odessa, 1845), a rather rare work which is briefly described in
467:
Abraham
Firkovich collected several distinct collections of documents. In sum the Firkovich collection contains approximately 15,000 items, of which many are fragmentary. His collections represent 'by far the greatest repository of all Judaeo-Arabic manuscripts' and are today held in the
690:
For many years the manuscripts were not available to
Western scholars. The extent of Firkovich's forgeries is still being determined. Firkovich's materials require careful examination on a case-by-case basis. His collection remains of great value to scholars of Jewish studies.
305:
and learned more about their interpretations of Jewish scriptures based on the Talmud and rabbinic tradition. The encounter with
Rabbinical Jews brought Firkovich into conflict with them. He published a book, "Massah and Meribah" which argued against the predominant Jewish
583:. Firkovich successfully petitioned the Russian government to exempt the Karaites from anti-Jewish laws on the grounds that Karaites had immigrated to Europe before the crucifixion of Jesus and thus could not be held responsible for his death.
561:
Contains material collected from the Near East. The material was collected between 1863 and 1865. Firkovich collected in
Jerusalem, Aleppo and also in Cairo. Firkovich concealed where he obtained the documents. He possibly collected from the
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deteriorated due to chemical treatment performed by
Firkovich. Other documents which were suspected forgeries disappeared; Firkovich claimed they had been stolen. The collection was moved to the Imperial Public Library in 1863.
385:
Firkovich collected a vast number of Hebrew, Arabic and
Samaritan manuscripts during his many travels in his search for evidence on the traditions of his people. These included thousands of Jewish documents from throughout the
686:
In 1980, V. V. Lebedev investigated the
Firkovich collection and came to the conclusion that forgery cannot be attributed to Firkovich, but rather to the previous owners, in an attempt to increase the price of the manuscripts.
438:
Firkovich's life and works are of great importance to Karaite history and literature. His collections at the Russian National Library are important to biblical scholars and to historians, especially those of the Karaite and
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In contradiction, Firkovich's most sympathetic critic, Chwolson, gives as a résumé of his belief, after considering all controversies, that Firkovich succeeded in demonstrating that some of the Jewish tombstones from
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Firkovich has come to be regarded as a forger, acting in support of Karaite causes. He wished to repudiate any connection between Rabbinic Judaism and the Karaites, declaring that the Karaites were descendants of the
1222:
The book “Masa UMriva”, an essay by the Karaite scholar Abraham Samuilovich Firkovich with an explanatory essay to him “Tzedek veShalom” by D-r hazzan Avraam Kefeli, in two volumes (Ashdod 5780, 2019), D.A.N.A.
477:
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Harkavy, Albert. Altjudische Denkmaller aus der Krim mitgetheilt von Abraham Firkowitsch, 1839–1872. In Memoires de l’Academie Imperiale de St.-Peterboug, VIIe Serie, 24, 1877; reprinted Wiesbaden, 1969.
550:
Another collection of 317 Samaritan manuscripts, acquired in Nablus, arrived in the St. Petersburg Imperial Academy in 1867 (see Fürst, "Geschichte des Karäerthums", iii. pp. 176, Leipsic, 1869)
1219:. Karaites through the Travelers’ Eyes. Ethnic History, Traditional Culture and Everyday Life of the Crimean Karaites According to Descriptions of the Travelers. New York: al-Qirqisani, 2003.
553:
In 1864 Firkovich acquired a large collection of Samaritan documents in Nablus. He sold the documents to the Imperial Public Library in 1870. In sum the collection contains 1,350 items.
683:(St. Petersburg, 1882; Russian ed., ib. 1884) Chwolson attempts to prove that the Firkovich collection, especially the epitaphs from tombstones, contains much which is genuine.
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in what became known as the First Firkovich Collection. His Second Collection contains material collected from the Near East. His visit took place about thirty years before
334:, and unearthed many old tombstones, claiming that some of them dated from the first centuries of the common era. The following two years were spent in travels through the
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Firkovich's chief work is his "Abne Zikkaron," containing the texts of inscriptions discovered by him (Wilna, 1872). It is preceded by a lengthy account of his travels to
519:
Fifteen scrolls of the Law, with postscripts which give, in Karaite fashion, the date and place of writing, the name of the writer or corrector or other interesting data.
413:. Many of his findings were disputed immediately after his death, and despite their important value there is still controversy over many of the documents he collected.
382:. He returned to spend his last days in Çufut Qale, of which only a few buildings and many ruins now remain. However, Firkovich's house is still preserved at the site.
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Shapira, Dan. “Yitshaq Sangari, Sangarit, Bezalel Stern and Avraham Firkowicz: Notes on Two Forged Inscriptions.” Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi 12 (2002–2003): 223–260.
1124:Лебедев В. В. К источниковедческой оценке некоторых рукописей собрания А. С. Фирковича.// Палестинский сборник. — Л., 1987. Вып. 29 (история и филология). — С. 61.)
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Shapira, Dan. “Remarks on Avraham Firkowicz and the Hebrew Mejelis 'Document'.” Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 59:2 (2006): 131–180.
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Contains material from the Crimea and the Caucasus largely collected between 1839 and 1841. It was purchased by the Imperial Public Library in 1862.
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as a teacher in the Karaite community. He then went to [ Crimea and organized a society to publish old Karaite works, of which several appeared in
330:
as a suitable man to send to collect material on the history of Crimean Karaites. In 1839, Firkovich began excavations in the ancient cemetery of
351:
1204:Кизилов М., Щеголева T. Осень караимского патриарха. Авраам Фиркович по описаниям очевидцев и современников // Параллели 2-3 (2003). С.319-362.
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of the Rabbinites. In 1830 he visited Jerusalem, where he collected many Jewish manuscripts. On his return he remained for two years in
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The Russian National Library purchased the Second Firkovich Collection in 1876, a little more than a year after Firkovich's death.
1201:Кизилов, Михаил. “Караим Авраам Фиркович: прокладывая путь тюркскому национализму.” Историческое наследие Крыма 9 (2005): 218–221.
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Manufacturing a Past for the Present: Forgery and Authenticity in Medievalist Texts and Objects in Nineteenth-Century Europe
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who he claimed had arrived in Crimea before the common era. The Karaites, therefore, could not be seen as culpable for the
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of Jesus because they had settled in Crimea at such an early date. His theories persuaded the Russian imperial court that
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346:, and returned in 1842. In later years he made other journeys of the same nature, visiting Egypt and other countries. In
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855:"THE FIRKOVICH ODESSA COLLECTION: THE HISTORY OF ITS ACQUISITION AND RESEARCH, PRESENT CONDITION AND HISTORICAL VALUE"
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Shapira, Dan. Avraham Firkowicz in Istanbul (1830–1832). Paving the Way for Turkic Nationalism. Ankara: KaraM, 2003.
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394:'s more famous trip to Egypt. This "Second Firkovich Collection" contains 13,700 items and is of incredible value.
75:
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in which the data furnished by Firkovich were unhesitatingly accepted. Further exposures were made by Strack and
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297:, with proposals to relieve Karaites from the heavy taxes imposed on the Jewish community. In 1828 he moved to
46:
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969:"The Acquisition of the Samaritan Collection by Abraham Firkovich in Nablus in 1864 -An Additional Document"
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communities. Controversy continues regarding his alleged discoveries and the reliability of his works.
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could not be accused of Jesus' crucifixion and they were excluded from the restrictive measures against
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The Jews of Poland: A Social and Economic History of the Jewish Community in Poland from 1100 to 1800
623:(Leipzig, 1866) challenged the correctness of the facts and the theories based upon them which Jost,
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Ben-Sasson, M. (1991). "Firkovich's Second Collection: Notes on historical and Halakhic material."
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Catalog der Hebr. Bibelhandschriften der Kaiserlichen Oeffentlichen Bibliothek in St. Petersburg
374:, where he introduced several reforms. From there he went to Vienna, where he was introduced to
82:
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________. “Firkowitsch, (Firkowitz), Abraham ben Samuel.” Encyclopaedia Judaica 6: 1017–19.
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289:. The Karaite community there appointed him hazzan in 1825. Together with the Karaite noble
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of old Jewish communities and collected many valuable manuscripts. He travelled as far as
8:
836:, ed. by Nicholas de Lange (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), 1-22 (pp. 3-4).
363:
277:, now Ukraine. In 1818 he was serving the local Crimean Karaite communities as a junior
1077:. OUP USA/Institute of Contemporary Jewry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem. p. 33.
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Studies in Contemporary Jewry: X: Reshaping the Past: Jewish History and the Historians
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discovered it. Firkovich sold this collection to the Imperial Public Library in 1873.
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Avraham Firkowicz in Istanbul: 1830-1832 : Paving the Way for Turkic Nationalism
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Miller, Philip E. Karaite Separatism in Nineteenth-Century Russia. Cincinnati, 1993
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As a result of his research he became focused on the origin of the ancestors of the
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Markon, I. “Babowitsch, Simcha ben Salamo.” Encyclopaedia Judaica 3: 857–58.
515:"Literaturblatt des Orients" for 1847, No. 2. These manuscripts consist of:
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and other Hebrew scholars.In 1871 he visited the small Karaite community in
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322:, head of the Russian Crimean Karaites, who a year later recommended him to
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writer and archaeologist, collector of ancient manuscripts, and a Karaite
783:"Hebrew Manuscripts in the Collections of the National Library of Russia"
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1232: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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476:, while microfilm reproductions of all the manuscripts are held in the
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Among the treasures in the Firkovich collection is a manuscript of the
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507:, a leading anti-Normanist, and Bezalel Stern, an influential Russian
768:"FIRKOVICH, ABRAHAM B. SAMUEL (Aben ReSheF) - JewishEncyclopedia.com"
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237:, where he also died. Gabriel Firkovich of Troki was his son-in-law.
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24:
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The Cambridge Genizah Collections: Their Contents and Significance
703:, Philosophical disciple of Firkovich also carrying the Bashyazi
343:
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318:(Koslov) with his commentary. In 1838 he tutored the children of
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entry "Firkovich, Abraham" by Haggai Ben-Shammai (2nd edition).
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Jewish Thought and Scientific Discovery in Early Modern Europe
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Genizah Research After Ninety Years: The Case of Judaeo-Arabic
908:
János M. Bak; Patrick J. Geary; Gábor Klaniczay, eds. (2014).
423:, an aesthetic appreciation of Biblical literature written in
832:
Daniel Frank, 'The Study of Medieval Karaism, 1989-1999', in
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218:
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281:, or religious leader, and he went in 1822 to the city of
526:, some complete, others fragmentary, of one of which, the
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631:, in their writings on the Karaites, took from Pinsker's
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pointed out some impossibilities in the inscriptions (
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Nine numbers of Talmudical and rabbinical manuscripts.
822:. Association of Jewish Libraries. 1999. p. 143.
16:
19th-century Karaite Jewish writer and archaeologist
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522:Twenty copies of books of the Bible other than the
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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511:, would study and partly describe the discovery.
482:Jewish National and University Library, Jerusalem
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1104:. Jewish Publication Society. pp. 21–22.
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1140:. Wayne State University Press. p. 149.
1050:. Univ of South Carolina Press. p. 188.
209:) (Sept. 27, 1786–June 7, 1874) was a famous
1240:"FIRKOVICH, ABRAHAM B. SAMUEL (Aben ReSheF)"
1047:Karaite Judaism and Historical Understanding
1017:Stefan C. Reif; Shulamit Reif, eds. (2002).
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1321:19th-century rabbis from the Russian Empire
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967:Tapani Harviainen; Haseeb Shehadeh (2003).
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745:"YIVO | Firkovich, Avraam Samuilovich"
545:
478:Institute of Microfilmed Hebrew manuscripts
1238:Joseph Jacobs; Peter Wiernik (1901–1906).
1023:. Cambridge University Press. p. 63.
996:. Cambridge University Press. p. 74.
990:Joshua Blau; Stefan C. Reif, eds. (1992).
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261:Abraham Firkovich was born in 1787 into a
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834:Hebrew Scholarship and the Medieval World
731:Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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725:Shapira, Dan DY Shapira (October 2010).
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943:Karaite Exegesis in Medieval Jerusalem
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188:Abraham (Avraham) ben Samuel Firkovich
670:(Warsaw, 1878); and in other places.
649:A. Firkowitsch und Seine Entdeckungen
1181:Josephs, Susan. "Fact from Fantasy"
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820:Proceedings of the Annual Convention
47:adding citations to reliable sources
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645:Altjüdische Denkmäler aus der Krim
530:, dated 916, a facsimile is given.
378:and also made the acquaintance of
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326:and to the Historical Society of
1252:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
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887:. Ayse Demiral. pp. 69–70.
681:Corpus Inscriptionum Hebraicarum
23:
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621:Aus der Petersburger Bibliothek
604:(1865, p. 166), Schorr in
34:needs additional citations for
1281:Book and manuscript collectors
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651:(Leipsic, 1876); in Fränkel's
639:(St. Petersburg, 1875) in the
496:In 1844 the Russian historian
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427:by one of the greatest of the
1:
789:. National Library of Russia.
781:Second Firkovich Collection.
711:
1316:Religious leaders from Lutsk
1098:Bernard Dov Weinryb (1973).
679:resorted to forgery. In his
362:he made the acquaintance of
240:
137:Picture of Abraham Firkovich
7:
946:. Mohr Siebeck. p. 9.
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293:, he sent memoranda to the
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1134:David B. Ruderman (2001).
470:National Library of Russia
1071:Jonathan Frankel (1994).
940:Miriam Goldstein (2011).
338:, where he ransacked the
229:, and finally settled in
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647:(ib. 1876); in Strack's
546:The Samaritan Collection
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350:he became the friend of
1249:The Jewish Encyclopedia
853:Olga Vasilyeva (2003).
596:1861, Nos. 13–15, 37);
181:Writer and archeologist
1246:; et al. (eds.).
914:. Brill. p. 158.
808:. Jewish Encyclopedia.
727:"Firkovich/ Firkowicz"
653:Aḥare Reshet le-Baḳḳer
265:farming family in the
258:
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205:: Аврагъам Фиркович -
1306:Forgery controversies
1173:Encyclopaedia Judaica
1168:, 31: 47-67 (Hebrew).
800:Ben Shammai, Haggai.
662:vii.646 et seq.); in
619:(1862–63) and in his
557:The Second Collection
488:The Odessa Collection
256:
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1044:Fred Astren (2004).
881:Dan Shapira (2003).
633:Liḳḳuṭe Ḳadmoniyyot,
602:Jüdische Zeitschrift
566:thirty years before
538:The First Collection
301:, where he met many
249:Manor in Chufut-Kale
43:improve this article
574:Forgery Accusations
421:Garden of Metaphors
364:Samuel Joseph Fuenn
273:, then part of the
58:"Abraham Firkovich"
1311:Literary forgeries
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207:Avragham Firkovich
199:Avraham ben Shmuel
172:Çufut Qale, Crimea
153:September 27, 1786
1286:History of Crimea
1276:People from Lutsk
1185:January 12, 2001.
973:Studia Orientalia
859:Studia Orientalia
705:Sevel ha-Yerushah
617:Journal Asiatique
568:Solomon Schechter
457:Peretz Smolenskin
392:Solomon Schechter
217:. He was born in
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167:(1874-06-07)
165:June 7, 1874
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1271:1874 deaths
1266:1786 births
802:"Firkovich"
676:Chufut-Kale
668:Massa' Ḳrim
613:A. Neubauer
501: [
498:Arist Kunik
463:Collections
403:crucifixion
376:Count Beust
1260:Categories
1223:800-161008
1147:0814329314
712:References
524:Pentateuch
332:Çufut Qale
316:Yevpatoria
283:Yevpatoria
231:Çufut Qale
197: -
149:1786-09-27
69:newspapers
658:Ha-Shaḥar
598:A. Geiger
453:Daghestan
441:Samaritan
299:Berdichev
241:Biography
227:Lithuania
979:: 49–63.
865:: 45–53.
695:See also
607:He-Ḥaluẓ
592:Ha-Meliẓ
429:Sephardi
340:genizots
336:Caucasus
271:Volhynia
223:Volhynia
1236::
1159:Sources
664:Deinard
637:Harkavy
615:in the
600:in his
480:at the
431:poets,
372:Galicia
354:and of
344:Derbent
308:halakha
211:Karaite
203:Karayce
83:scholar
1175:(2007)
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348:Odessa
328:Odessa
303:Hasids
287:Crimea
279:hazzan
235:Crimea
215:Hakham
192:Hebrew
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1242:. In
505:]
447:Works
360:Wilna
267:Lutsk
257:Grave
219:Lutsk
90:JSTOR
76:books
1142:ISBN
1106:ISBN
1079:ISBN
1052:ISBN
1025:ISBN
998:ISBN
948:ISBN
916:ISBN
889:ISBN
611:and
411:Jews
295:czar
162:Died
143:Born
62:news
666:'s
472:in
285:in
201:;
45:by
1262::
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