3161:
2594:
112:
Little is known about the attitudes of pre-colonial customary law toward abortion. In the first documented abortion case, in 1873, a
British merchant accused the colonial secretary of providing an abortion to a woman named Anna Evans; the case was dropped. In the late 19th century, abortions were
64:
with a prison sentence of seven years. Section 142 punishes supplying materials for an abortion with three years of prison. Section 198 says abortion is not a crime if it is done to preserve the life of the mother. The law does not specify criteria for legal abortion.
242:
attended. Participants noted the need for a coalition to advocate for the legalization of abortion in the cases of rape, incest, and risk to health. They proposed an amendment to the constitution guaranteeing a right to health care, including reproductive health.
237:
The Sexual and
Reproductive Rights Network was launched in 2019. On 4 May 2019, sponsored by the International Campaign for Women's Right to Safe Abortion, it hosted the first National Coalition Building Meeting on Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights. The
347:
Both pregnancy outside of marriage and abortion are stigmatized by the Muslim society. Unmarried women who get pregnant keep it a secret until they get abortions, to avoid gossip. Many women avoid discussing reproductive health issues unless asked.
295:
88:
The medical abortion permitted under sub-section (1) shall not be carried out without the confirmation of the state of health of the woman in question by a registered medical practitioner who possesses the necessary expertise in the
165:
320:
Few studies have been conducted on abortion in the Gambia. According to a 1996 study by the Gambia Family
Planning Association, the highest abortion rates are in women aged 14 to 24 and in urban or peri-urban areas.
199:, about women's rights. It was influenced by CEDAW and the Maputo Protocol. It does not meet the terms of the Maputo Protocol that provide for abortion in the cases of rape, incest, and risk to health of the mother.
92:
Where the woman in question is in an environment where the necessary medical facilities are not available, appropriate referral shall be made in accordance with systems of medical referrals established in the health
2938:
2708:
3397:
233:
in 2015. In 2015, a report by the
Association of Non-Governmental Organizations, Women's Rights Organizations, and Civil Society Organizations said the law should be brought in line with international law.
3267:
352:
handle discussions of typically taboo subjects such as abortion. There is a common belief that evil spirits can be summoned to force abortions, so many women keep pregnancies secret in the early stage.
2853:
146:
239:
2713:
218:
requested further information on next steps. The
National Reproductive, Maternal, Neonatal, Child and Adolescent Health Strategic Plan (2017–2021) suggested implementing a strategy to improve
188:
to revisit the abortion law through meetings with representatives of the government and civil society. The Gambia withdrew its reservations to the Maputo
Protocol days before hosting the 2006
85:
Every woman has the right to enjoy reproductive rights including the right to medical abortion, where the continued pregnancy endangers the life of the mother or the life of the foetus.
646:"'We are always desperate and will try anything to conceive': The convoluted and dynamic process of health seeking among women with infertility in the West Coast Region of The Gambia"
202:
The dictatorship of Yahya Jammeh persecuted human rights activists, which may have led activists to avoid discussing abortion. The government did not submit mandatory reports to the
137:(1938) permitted abortion on the grounds of preserving physical or mental health. This ground has never been tested in a Gambian court, and Gambia's laws do not mention this ground.
41:
of 2010 legalized abortion in the case of risk to life of the mother or fetus. Gambia has had little public debate about abortion, especially under the authoritarian presidency of
2964:
48:
Abortions in the Gambia have high rates of mortality and complications. Abortions are common among adolescents. There is a stigma surrounding extramarital pregnancy and abortion.
963:
2728:
1137:
Parrish, Sabine; Vasan, Senthil K.; Karpe, Fredrik; Hardy-Johnson, Polly; Jarjou, Ousman; Bittaye, Mustapha; Prentice, Andrew M.; Ulijaszek, Stanley; Jobe, Modou (24 May 2023).
3011:
3007:
324:
As of 2021, 2.9% of adolescent girls and young women report having abortions. Most teenagers who get abortions get them from untrained, unsafe providers. This often leads to
69:
57:
38:
710:"The fertile grounds of reproductive activism in The Gambia: A qualitative study of local key stakeholders' understandings and heterogeneous actions related to infertility"
2768:
1075:"Gambian cultural beliefs, attitudes and discourse on reproductive health and mortality: Implications for data collection in surveys from the interviewer's perspective"
3003:
2773:
2703:
2943:
2863:
2828:
2813:
2994:
3407:
2818:
2718:
344:
curriculum, they have difficulties discussing topics like abortion, and students consider them unqualified, leading to a lack of knowledge among adolescents.
2990:
2981:
2972:
2903:
2873:
2733:
128:. The colony's penal code was inherited from that of the United Kingdom as the government felt that a small colony with low crime did not need its own code.
2848:
824:"Socio-demographic determinants of pregnancy termination among adolescent girls and young women in selected high fertility countries in sub-Saharan Africa"
2968:
2888:
2838:
2793:
2748:
157:
on four articles of the protocol, including
Article 14, which affirms rights to reproductive health services including abortion. The government, led by
2808:
203:
876:
215:
1059:
518:
1139:"Concealed pregnancy as an act of care? A qualitative analysis of motivations for concealing and non-disclosure of early pregnancy in The Gambia"
211:
298:
guidelines. There are no national guidelines. Many doctors do not provide abortions due to misunderstanding of the law and fear of prosecution.
2243:
283:
ratio of 443 per 100,000, significantly impacted by the lack of safe abortion. Unsafe abortions are a major risk factor for infertility and
2630:
1343:
3138:
177:
3143:
312:
activists oppose abortion on religious or moral grounds. Some do not mention abortion out of fear of losing support for other issues.
96:
Where the woman in question is unable to afford the medical expenses involved, Government shall bear the cost of the medical expenses.
471:
3551:
2693:
2441:
1627:
169:
3282:
3133:
3049:
534:"EDITORIAL: Progress toward Decriminalization of Abortion and Universal Access to Safe Abortions: National Trends and Strategies"
60:
bans abortion. Section 140 makes procuring an abortion a crime punishable by fourteen years of prison. Section 141 criminalizes
3216:
2406:
1251:
1196:
1020:
1402:
2431:
3445:
3297:
3206:
2391:
1898:
1462:
230:
121:
2411:
2011:
1537:
1457:
2396:
644:
Dierickx, Susan; Balen, Julie; Longman, Chia; Rahbari, Ladan; Clarke, Ed; Jarjou, Bintu; Coene, Gily (31 January 2019).
2182:
1951:
1542:
1487:
1397:
1300:
214:
and the Maputo
Protocol, which noted the ban on and lack of data about abortion. It was reviewed in May 2019, and the
2222:
125:
3496:
3387:
3343:
3062:
2623:
2258:
3277:
3262:
2278:
2217:
1547:
989:
185:
2472:
2141:
340:. The Comprehensive Health Education curriculum addresses illegal abortion. Though teachers are trained on the
117:
3128:
3541:
3465:
3338:
1803:
1392:
465:
Lavelanet, Antonella F.; Schlitt, Stephanie; Johnson, Brooke Ronald, Jr.; Ganatra, Bela (20 December 2018).
308:
Unlike other countries, the Gambia does not have significant advocacy or public debate about abortion. Most
290:
Government facilities can provide abortion services only to save the life of the woman. Procedures use only
3531:
3304:
3191:
3103:
2557:
2268:
1502:
1333:
1143:
828:
247:
173:
903:
Lowe, Mat; Sagnia, Phebian Ina Grant; Awolaran, Olusegun; Mongbo, Yves Armand MĂ©dessi (13 December 2021).
3536:
3415:
3287:
3247:
3042:
2616:
2071:
2066:
1868:
1863:
1427:
1247:"Barriers to Antenatal Care in an Urban Community in the Gambia: An In-depth Qualitative Interview Study"
964:"CHE Principal Investigator discusses challenges affecting sexual and reproductive health of adolescents"
349:
1245:
Laing, Susan P.; Sinmyee, Smruti V.; Rafique, Khizar; Smith, Helen E.; Cooper, Max J. (September 2019).
113:
common and prosecution was rare. In the 1930s, fears about excessive sexuality led to restrictive laws.
3546:
3430:
3420:
3353:
3252:
3181:
3160:
3108:
2386:
1966:
1387:
581:
367:
196:
467:"Global Abortion Policies Database: a descriptive analysis of the legal categories of lawful abortion"
3392:
3186:
3150:
3113:
2552:
2031:
1366:
3123:
2878:
2868:
2673:
2579:
1878:
1707:
1702:
1607:
1412:
3435:
3358:
3292:
3257:
3196:
3169:
2883:
2462:
2263:
2187:
2157:
2131:
1838:
1833:
1748:
1422:
1323:
1045:
775:
538:
428:
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3211:
3078:
3035:
2798:
2688:
2467:
2172:
2101:
2061:
2041:
2021:
1828:
1798:
1768:
1758:
1677:
1622:
1527:
1407:
1371:
1293:
905:"Sexual and reproductive health of adolescents and young people in Gambia: a systematic review"
881:
226:
3489:
3348:
3318:
3242:
3070:
2564:
2547:
2539:
2524:
2482:
2421:
2364:
2309:
2238:
2207:
2192:
2036:
1883:
1522:
1447:
1053:
512:
61:
45:. International organizations have urged the country to bring its law in line with treaties.
2426:
2918:
2893:
2743:
2738:
2683:
2668:
2574:
2487:
2477:
2354:
2344:
2329:
2253:
2197:
2116:
2111:
2086:
1956:
1853:
1783:
1732:
1712:
1642:
1617:
1602:
1512:
1088:
1015:
723:
708:
Dierickx, Susan; Coene, Gily; Evans, Megan; Balen, Julie; Longman, Chia (4 December 2019).
659:
621:
362:
259:
8:
3505:
3460:
3272:
3098:
2858:
2843:
2833:
2823:
2788:
2783:
2678:
2653:
2436:
2401:
2359:
2334:
2314:
2293:
2136:
2091:
2051:
2006:
2001:
1991:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1961:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1903:
1848:
1763:
1753:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1672:
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1612:
1587:
1532:
1517:
1482:
1328:
576:
333:
1167:
1138:
1092:
727:
663:
336:
result in 13% of maternal mortality in the Gambia. In 2011, the country had 19 cases of
195:
In 2010, the government passed the Women's Act. It resulted from
Section 28 of the 1997
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2763:
2658:
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2339:
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2126:
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1996:
1986:
1918:
1893:
1888:
1818:
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1727:
1722:
1682:
1657:
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1507:
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1260:
1223:
1111:
1074:
939:
904:
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533:
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442:
423:
302:
280:
219:
3510:
2778:
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2457:
2324:
2283:
2273:
2121:
2046:
2016:
1908:
1873:
1858:
1823:
1808:
1788:
1662:
1652:
1637:
1597:
1562:
1286:
1172:
1116:
1037:
944:
926:
877:"Women & Society : Cost of silence: Confronting teenage pregnancy in Gambia"
857:
804:
751:
687:
598:
557:
500:
447:
337:
309:
284:
263:
181:
154:
1016:"In-school adolescents' perception of sexuality education in region 1 of the Gambia"
921:
2898:
2698:
2492:
2349:
2248:
2177:
1843:
1813:
1717:
1632:
1497:
1213:
1205:
1162:
1152:
1106:
1096:
1029:
934:
916:
847:
837:
794:
784:
741:
731:
677:
667:
616:
590:
547:
490:
480:
437:
577:"Anti-abortion strategizing and the afterlife of the Geneva Consensus Declaration"
3425:
2529:
1557:
1477:
1442:
1338:
1101:
736:
672:
225:
International bodies that have urged the Gambia to legalize abortion include the
150:
1192:"Traditional Birth Attendants in Rural Gambia: Beyond Health to Social Cohesion"
1033:
3330:
3088:
1552:
1157:
842:
73:
27:
485:
424:"The Gambia's Political Transition to Democracy: Is Abortion Reform Possible?"
3525:
2497:
1472:
1417:
930:
341:
189:
3201:
3093:
2507:
2502:
2416:
2378:
1437:
1350:
1176:
1120:
1041:
948:
861:
808:
755:
691:
602:
561:
504:
451:
207:
158:
133:
77:
42:
31:
147:
Convention on the
Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
3083:
2512:
789:
291:
1264:
1246:
1227:
1191:
305:. Most women with post-abortion complications do not seek medical care.
3118:
3058:
594:
325:
19:
3027:
1218:
1073:
Rerimoi, A. J.; Niemann, J.; Lange, I.; Timæus, Im. M. (16 May 2019).
301:
The Ministry of Health found that, in 2018, there were 1,985 cases of
2608:
1209:
2517:
1492:
1432:
1309:
1079:
714:
650:
23:
262:, and 31% of unintended pregnancies resulted in abortion. In the
329:
1136:
464:
1268:
1231:
1190:
Nyanzi, Stella; Manneh, Hawah; Walraven, Gijs (April 2007).
1278:
990:"'Women subjected to rape and incest should have abortion'"
643:
296:
International Federation of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
210:. In August 2018, the government submitted a report on the
1072:
240:
Minister of Women's Affairs, Children, and Social Welfare
1244:
902:
707:
1014:
Sagnia, Phebian I. G.; Jeng, Momodou (February 2023).
153:, which includes abortion provisions. The Gambia made
37:
The penal code, written in 1933, banned abortion. The
250:, which says abortion is not an international right.
166:
African Center for Democracy and Human Rights Studies
1189:
771:"Ectopic pregnancy at the Gambian Tertiary hospital"
769:Anyanwu, Matthew; Titilope, Grace (16 April 2021).
525:
3523:
1132:
1130:
703:
701:
172:and local women's rights groups, spoke with the
768:
204:African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
161:, did not state a reason for its reservations.
532:Berer, Marge; Hogart, Leslie (December 2019).
267:
216:Special Rapporteur on Women's Rights in Africa
3043:
2624:
1294:
1127:
698:
1058:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2024 (
822:Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku (4 September 2021).
517:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
212:African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
531:
3268:The Gambia and the Commonwealth of Nations
3050:
3036:
2631:
2617:
1301:
1287:
1013:
874:
417:
415:
413:
411:
409:
407:
405:
403:
145:On 16 April 1993, the Gambia ratified the
1217:
1166:
1156:
1110:
1100:
938:
920:
851:
841:
821:
798:
788:
745:
735:
681:
671:
551:
494:
484:
472:BMC International Health and Human Rights
441:
401:
399:
397:
395:
393:
391:
389:
387:
385:
383:
149:(CEDAW). On 25 May 2005, it ratified the
206:until the transition to democracy under
116:Gambia's abortion law was introduced by
3134:Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council
3057:
421:
184:. They established a mechanism for the
3524:
2638:
1252:African Journal of Reproductive Health
1197:African Journal of Reproductive Health
1021:African Journal of Reproductive Health
987:
961:
574:
380:
258:In 2015–2019, 25% of pregnancies were
246:The Gambia is a signatory of the 2020
124:. Section 198 is based on the British
3031:
2612:
1282:
170:Solidarity for African Women's Rights
1463:Libertarian perspectives on abortion
875:Ceesay Bah, Isatou (1 August 2023).
231:Committee on the Rights of the Child
140:
122:Offences Against the Person Act 1861
1538:Societal attitudes towards abortion
1458:Legalized abortion and crime effect
315:
13:
1488:Misinformation related to abortion
1398:Beginning of pregnancy controversy
102:Section 30 of the Women's Act 2010
14:
3563:
1403:Abortion-breast cancer hypothesis
422:Nabaneh, Satang (December 2019).
126:Infant Life Preservation Act 1929
3159:
2939:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
2709:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2593:
2592:
962:Jaiteh, Binta (28 August 2023).
76:or the baby might have multiple
3398:Orders, decorations, and medals
3139:2016–2017 constitutional crisis
1548:Termination for medical reasons
1238:
1183:
1066:
1007:
988:Bojang, Tabora (11 June 2021).
981:
955:
922:10.11604/pamj.2021.40.221.25774
896:
868:
815:
762:
637:
609:
568:
458:
72:of 2010 legalizes abortion if
51:
1:
1393:Beginning of human personhood
373:
253:
131:The British judicial case of
74:life of the mother is at risk
3552:Women's rights in the Gambia
3144:ECOWAS military intervention
1503:Paternal rights and abortion
1308:
1144:BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
1102:10.1371/journal.pone.0216924
829:BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
737:10.1371/journal.pone.0226079
673:10.1371/journal.pone.0211634
575:Morgan, Lynn (1 June 2023).
350:Traditional birth attendants
248:Geneva Consensus Declaration
174:Office of the Vice President
7:
1428:Ethical aspects of abortion
909:Pan African Medical Journal
356:
178:Minister of Women's Affairs
58:Criminal Code of the Gambia
10:
3568:
1388:Abortion and mental health
1158:10.1186/s12884-023-05710-6
843:10.1186/s12884-021-04064-1
582:Developing World Bioethics
368:Human rights in the Gambia
229:in 2004 and 2018, and the
197:Constitution of the Gambia
120:in 1933, a version of the
107:
26:is illegal except to save
3483:
3406:
3378:
3371:
3326:
3317:
3238:
3229:
3177:
3168:
3157:
3069:
2952:
2927:
2646:
2588:
2538:
2450:
2377:
2302:
2231:
2150:
1917:
1741:
1578:
1571:
1380:
1367:Abortion-rights movements
1359:
1316:
1034:10.29063/ajrh2023/v27i2.5
486:10.1186/s12914-018-0183-1
3182:Administrative divisions
3151:2022 coup d'Ă©tat attempt
3124:Senegambia Confederation
3114:1981 coup d'Ă©tat attempt
2694:Central African Republic
1628:Central African Republic
1413:Abortion under communism
617:"Gambia country profile"
168:, in collaboration with
2463:Dilation and evacuation
2412:Conscientious objection
2397:History of abortion law
1423:Crisis pregnancy center
1372:Anti-abortion movements
1046:African Journals OnLine
776:African Health Sciences
539:Health and Human Rights
429:Health and Human Rights
268:
192:Head of States Summit.
118:the colonial government
2468:Dilation and curettage
2432:Late-term restrictions
1952:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1528:Sex-selective abortion
1408:Anti-abortion violence
1036:(inactive July 2024).
227:Human Rights Committee
105:
28:the life of the mother
2854:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
2714:Republic of the Congo
2525:Self-induced abortion
1523:Self-induced abortion
1448:Genetics and abortion
1344:Philosophical aspects
266:, abortion is called
82:
62:self-induced abortion
3542:Health in the Gambia
3217:World Heritage Sites
2488:Menstrual extraction
2437:Parental involvement
1899:United Arab Emirates
1513:Prenatal development
790:10.4314/ahs.v21i1.38
622:Guttmacher Institute
363:Health in the Gambia
3532:Abortion by country
3099:British West Africa
2929:States with limited
2498:Abortifacient drugs
2218:Trinidad and Tobago
1533:Sidewalk counseling
1518:Reproductive rights
1483:Minors and abortion
1093:2019PLoSO..1416924R
728:2019PLoSO..1426079D
664:2019PLoSO..1411634D
334:Teenage pregnancies
164:In March 2006, the
3537:Abortion in Africa
3388:Capital punishment
3344:Telecommunications
2640:Abortion in Africa
2392:Constitutional law
2183:Dominican Republic
1508:Post-abortion care
1468:Limit of viability
1453:Late-term abortion
595:10.1111/dewb.12374
303:post-abortion care
281:maternal mortality
220:post-abortion care
68:Section 30 of the
3547:Law of the Gambia
3519:
3518:
3479:
3478:
3367:
3366:
3313:
3312:
3283:Political parties
3263:Foreign relations
3225:
3224:
3025:
3024:
2956:other territories
2729:Equatorial Guinea
2606:
2605:
2458:Vacuum aspiration
2373:
2372:
338:child abandonment
285:ectopic pregnancy
279:The Gambia has a
264:Mandinka language
186:National Assembly
141:Post-independence
3559:
3499:
3492:
3376:
3375:
3334:
3324:
3323:
3236:
3235:
3192:Cities and towns
3175:
3174:
3163:
3129:1994 coup d'Ă©tat
3079:Regional history
3052:
3045:
3038:
3029:
3028:
3017:
3016:(United Kingdom)
3012:Tristan da Cunha
3008:Ascension Island
3000:
2987:
2978:
2954:Dependencies and
2647:Sovereign states
2633:
2626:
2619:
2610:
2609:
2596:
2595:
2493:Medical abortion
2427:Informed consent
2417:Fetal protection
2269:Papua New Guinea
2259:Marshall Islands
1576:
1575:
1498:One-child policy
1303:
1296:
1289:
1280:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1221:
1210:10.2307/30032487
1187:
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1134:
1125:
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792:
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760:
759:
749:
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722:(12): e0226079.
705:
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641:
635:
634:
632:
630:
613:
607:
606:
572:
566:
565:
555:
529:
523:
522:
516:
508:
498:
488:
462:
456:
455:
445:
419:
316:Societal factors
274:stomach removing
271:
103:
3567:
3566:
3562:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3522:
3521:
3520:
3515:
3502:
3495:
3488:
3475:
3466:Public holidays
3402:
3363:
3332:
3309:
3221:
3207:Protected areas
3164:
3155:
3065:
3056:
3026:
3021:
3020:
3015:
2998:
2985:
2976:
2957:
2955:
2948:
2932:
2930:
2923:
2642:
2637:
2607:
2602:
2584:
2534:
2530:Unsafe abortion
2446:
2442:Spousal consent
2402:Laws by country
2369:
2298:
2279:Solomon Islands
2227:
2146:
2072:North Macedonia
1913:
1864:Northern Cyprus
1737:
1567:
1558:Unsafe abortion
1443:Forced abortion
1376:
1355:
1339:Abortion debate
1312:
1307:
1277:
1276:
1243:
1239:
1188:
1184:
1135:
1128:
1087:(5): e0216924.
1071:
1067:
1051:
1050:
1012:
1008:
998:
996:
986:
982:
972:
970:
960:
956:
901:
897:
887:
885:
873:
869:
820:
816:
767:
763:
706:
699:
658:(1): e0211634.
642:
638:
628:
626:
615:
614:
610:
573:
569:
530:
526:
510:
509:
463:
459:
420:
381:
376:
359:
318:
256:
151:Maputo Protocol
143:
110:
104:
101:
54:
12:
11:
5:
3565:
3555:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3513:
3508:
3501:
3500:
3493:
3485:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3412:
3410:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3379:
3373:
3369:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3327:
3321:
3315:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3305:Vice-President
3302:
3301:
3300:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3239:
3233:
3227:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3178:
3172:
3166:
3165:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3089:Songhai Empire
3086:
3081:
3075:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3055:
3054:
3047:
3040:
3032:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3001:
2988:
2979:
2965:Canary Islands
2961:
2960:
2958:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2941:
2935:
2933:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2643:
2636:
2635:
2628:
2621:
2613:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2550:
2544:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2473:Intact D&X
2470:
2465:
2460:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2383:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2142:United Kingdom
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1967:Czech Republic
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1923:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1584:
1582:
1573:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1563:Women's rights
1560:
1555:
1553:Toxic abortion
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1306:
1305:
1298:
1291:
1283:
1275:
1274:
1237:
1182:
1126:
1065:
1006:
980:
954:
895:
867:
814:
783:(1): 295–303.
761:
697:
636:
608:
589:(2): 185–195.
567:
524:
457:
436:(2): 169–180.
378:
377:
375:
372:
371:
370:
365:
358:
355:
317:
314:
310:women's rights
272:, which means
255:
252:
182:Women's Bureau
142:
139:
109:
106:
99:
98:
97:
94:
90:
86:
53:
50:
30:or to prevent
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3564:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3498:
3494:
3491:
3487:
3486:
3482:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3446:Ethnic groups
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3405:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3377:
3374:
3370:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3316:
3306:
3303:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3248:Chief Justice
3246:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3228:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3162:
3152:
3149:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3053:
3048:
3046:
3041:
3039:
3034:
3033:
3030:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3002:
2996:
2992:
2989:
2983:
2980:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2951:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2926:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2769:Guinea-Bissau
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2634:
2629:
2627:
2622:
2620:
2615:
2614:
2611:
2599:
2591:
2590:
2587:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2422:Six-week bans
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2376:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2303:South America
2301:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2224:
2223:United States
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2151:North America
2149:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2032:Liechtenstein
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1574:
1570:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1473:Malthusianism
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1418:Birth control
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1352:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1304:
1299:
1297:
1292:
1290:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1248:
1241:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1186:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1145:
1140:
1133:
1131:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1069:
1061:
1055:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1010:
995:
991:
984:
969:
965:
958:
950:
946:
941:
936:
932:
928:
923:
918:
914:
910:
906:
899:
884:
883:
878:
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32:birth defects
29:
25:
21:
16:
3431:Demographics
3421:Coat of arms
3382:
3354:Trade unions
3253:Constitution
3202:Gambia River
3104:Independence
3094:Jolof Empire
3004:Saint Helena
2975:
2879:South Africa
2869:Sierra Leone
2753:
2674:Burkina Faso
2553:Christianity
2508:Mifepristone
2503:Methotrexate
2483:Instillation
2407:Buffer zones
1879:Saudi Arabia
1708:South Africa
1703:Sierra Leone
1647:
1608:Burkina Faso
1478:Men's rights
1438:Fetal rights
1351:Abortion law
1267:– via
1256:
1250:
1240:
1230:– via
1201:
1195:
1185:
1148:
1142:
1084:
1078:
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1054:cite journal
1044:– via
1028:(2): 49–56.
1025:
1019:
1009:
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994:The Standard
993:
983:
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967:
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880:
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332:, or death.
323:
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294:, following
289:
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208:Adama Barrow
201:
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159:Yahya Jammeh
155:reservations
144:
134:Rex v Bourne
132:
130:
115:
111:
67:
55:
47:
43:Yahya Jammeh
36:
17:
15:
3393:LGBT rights
3288:Politicians
3084:Mali Empire
2931:recognition
2884:South Sudan
2774:Ivory Coast
2580:Scientology
2558:Catholicism
2513:Misoprostol
2478:Hysterotomy
2264:New Zealand
2188:El Salvador
2132:Switzerland
2067:Netherlands
1869:Philippines
1839:South Korea
1834:North Korea
1749:Afghanistan
1324:Definitions
1317:Main topics
292:misoprostol
78:deformities
70:Women's Act
52:Legislation
39:Women's Act
3526:Categories
3456:Literature
3333:(currency)
3278:Parliament
3119:Senegambia
3059:The Gambia
2986:(Portugal)
2944:Somaliland
2864:Seychelles
2829:Mozambique
2814:Mauritania
2799:Madagascar
2754:The Gambia
2689:Cape Verde
2244:Micronesia
2173:Costa Rica
2102:San Marino
2062:Montenegro
2042:Luxembourg
2022:Kazakhstan
1829:Kazakhstan
1799:East Timor
1769:Bangladesh
1759:Azerbaijan
1678:Madagascar
1648:The Gambia
1623:Cape Verde
1572:By country
1219:1807/61077
1151:(1): 374.
836:(1): 598.
374:References
326:hemorrhage
269:konobondoo
260:unintended
254:Prevalence
180:, and the
20:the Gambia
3436:Education
3359:Transport
3293:President
3258:Elections
3197:Districts
3170:Geography
3109:1965–1970
2819:Mauritius
2365:Venezuela
2310:Argentina
2239:Australia
2208:Nicaragua
2193:Guatemala
2037:Lithuania
1884:Singapore
1543:Socialism
1360:Movements
1259:(3): 67.
1204:(1): 47.
968:The Voice
931:1937-8688
882:The Point
546:(2): 81.
479:(1): 44.
3506:Category
3471:Religion
3451:Football
3383:Abortion
3273:Military
3231:Politics
3212:Wildlife
3063:articles
3010: /
3006: /
2999:(France)
2993: /
2971: /
2967: /
2919:Zimbabwe
2894:Tanzania
2744:Ethiopia
2739:Eswatini
2719:Djibouti
2684:Cameroon
2669:Botswana
2598:Category
2565:Hinduism
2548:Buddhism
2540:Religion
2518:Oxytocin
2387:Case law
2355:Suriname
2345:Paraguay
2330:Colombia
2254:Kiribati
2198:Honduras
2117:Slovenia
2112:Slovakia
2087:Portugal
1957:Bulgaria
1854:Malaysia
1784:Cambodia
1733:Zimbabwe
1713:Tanzania
1643:Eswatini
1618:Cameroon
1603:Botswana
1493:Natalism
1433:Eugenics
1310:Abortion
1265:26357198
1228:30032487
1177:37226126
1168:10207755
1121:31095621
1080:PLOS One
1042:37584939
949:35145583
862:34481462
809:34394310
756:31800633
715:PLOS One
692:30703136
651:PLOS One
603:36201681
562:31885438
505:30572956
452:31885446
357:See also
100:—
24:abortion
3490:Outline
3426:Cuisine
3408:Culture
3372:Society
3349:Tourism
3331:Dalasi
3319:Economy
3243:Cabinet
3071:History
2995:RĂ©union
2991:Mayotte
2982:Madeira
2977:(Spain)
2973:Melilla
2904:Tunisia
2874:Somalia
2859:Senegal
2844:Nigeria
2834:Namibia
2824:Morocco
2789:Liberia
2784:Lesotho
2734:Eritrea
2704:Comoros
2679:Burundi
2654:Algeria
2575:Judaism
2451:Methods
2360:Uruguay
2335:Ecuador
2315:Bolivia
2294:Vanuatu
2232:Oceania
2158:Bahamas
2137:Ukraine
2092:Romania
2052:Moldova
2012:Ireland
2007:Iceland
2002:Hungary
1992:Germany
1982:Finland
1977:Estonia
1972:Denmark
1962:Croatia
1947:Belgium
1942:Belarus
1937:Austria
1932:Andorra
1927:Albania
1904:Vietnam
1849:Lebanon
1804:Georgia
1764:Bahrain
1754:Armenia
1698:Senegal
1693:Nigeria
1688:Namibia
1673:Liberia
1668:Lesotho
1613:Burundi
1588:Algeria
1334:Methods
1329:History
1112:6522014
1089:Bibcode
999:16 July
973:16 July
940:8797051
888:16 July
853:8417988
800:8356603
747:6892487
724:Bibcode
683:6355002
660:Bibcode
629:16 July
553:6927373
496:6302420
443:6927371
108:History
93:system.
3511:Portal
3416:Anthem
3339:Mining
3187:Border
3061:
3014:
2997:
2984:
2914:Zambia
2909:Uganda
2849:Rwanda
2804:Malawi
2764:Guinea
2659:Angola
2340:Guyana
2320:Brazil
2289:Tuvalu
2213:Panama
2203:Mexico
2168:Canada
2163:Belize
2127:Sweden
2107:Serbia
2097:Russia
2082:Poland
2077:Norway
2057:Monaco
2027:Latvia
1997:Greece
1987:France
1919:Europe
1894:Turkey
1889:Taiwan
1819:Israel
1794:Cyprus
1779:Brunei
1774:Bhutan
1728:Zambia
1723:Uganda
1683:Malawi
1658:Guinea
1593:Angola
1580:Africa
1381:Issues
1263:
1226:
1175:
1165:
1119:
1109:
1040:
947:
937:
929:
860:
850:
807:
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625:. 2022
601:
560:
550:
503:
493:
450:
440:
330:sepsis
176:, the
89:field.
3497:Index
3461:Music
2969:Ceuta
2889:Sudan
2839:Niger
2794:Libya
2779:Kenya
2759:Ghana
2749:Gabon
2724:Egypt
2664:Benin
2570:Islam
2325:Chile
2284:Tonga
2274:Samoa
2122:Spain
2047:Malta
2017:Italy
1909:Yemen
1874:Qatar
1859:Nepal
1824:Japan
1809:India
1789:China
1663:Kenya
1653:Ghana
1638:Egypt
1598:Benin
1269:JSTOR
1261:JSTOR
1232:JSTOR
1224:JSTOR
3441:Flag
3298:list
2899:Togo
2809:Mali
2699:Chad
2350:Peru
2249:Fiji
2178:Cuba
1844:Laos
1814:Iran
1742:Asia
1718:Togo
1633:Chad
1173:PMID
1117:PMID
1060:link
1038:PMID
1001:2024
975:2024
945:PMID
927:ISSN
890:2024
858:PMID
805:PMID
752:PMID
688:PMID
631:2024
599:PMID
558:PMID
519:link
501:PMID
448:PMID
56:The
2379:Law
1214:hdl
1206:doi
1163:PMC
1153:doi
1107:PMC
1097:doi
1030:doi
935:PMC
917:doi
848:PMC
838:doi
795:PMC
785:doi
742:PMC
732:doi
678:PMC
668:doi
591:doi
548:PMC
491:PMC
481:doi
438:PMC
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