696:, then deputy viceroy and governor of Shewa, Abebe gave intimations of his readiness to surrender. Simultaneously, he wrote to other patriotic leaders explaining the actual reason for engaging in the talks: to buy time. After he had made sure that his forces had sufficiently recovered from the reverses they had suffered in the preceding months, he broke off negotiations, using as a pretext the killing by the Italians of patriots in another locality." The Italians continued these talks, obsessed with the hope of recruiting the best-known resistance fighter to their side, until 15 March 1940, when General Nasi learned that Abebe Aregai, who had promised to take the oath of allegiance if the General would make a visit to his location in person, was laying an ambush for him with 20,000 men.
700:
the
Arbegna told Emperor Haile Selassie, bowing low before him, "I am your loyal subject. I never submitted to the enemy. I never hoped to see you alive again and I am grateful to God for this day, when I have seen the sun shine." Before and during the war, the black diaspora worldwide, particularly African-Americans, were engaged in some of the oldest recorded black solidarity protests, most notably in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City where some even organized volunteer registrations to go overseas and fight for Ethiopia. Washington Post report noted that this was due to Ethiopia’s reputation as the only independent African nation being an inspiration for independence movements and black pride in the Americas.
769:
1206:
1212:
1194:
1200:
1218:
654:"many of those who served the Italians loyally right up to the last minute took advantage of this proclamation to escape punishment, and ... positions of power.... In order to avoid offending one of these figures, or even the loyal relatives of some collaborator, the name of a principal in some incident will be deliberately omitted, though some reason such as 'this would be a humiliation for Ethiopia' may be given."
665:; however they encountered the enemy far to the east of their intended target, and increasing enemy forces and aerial bombardments forced them to withdraw to Menz 1 September. Returning to Mockler's narrative, in May 1937 Abebe ventured out of Menz to proclaim Meleke Tsahai, the 16-year-old son of the late
699:
It was not until
Emperor Haile Selassie returned to Ethiopia that he was let in on the secret. As the Emperor entered Addis Ababa with his entourage, the streets were lined with Abebe's men, cheering their returning Emperor. Abebe presented himself and his son to the Emperor, and Mockler reports that
653:
After this action, Abebe's activities are hard to follow due to contradictory evidence. This is due in large part to the reticence of the survivors in their memoirs about individuals and events: when
Emperor Haile Selassie proclaimed a general amnesty upon his restoration, as Thomas L. Kane explains,
819:
Abebe was taken hostage along with others. The rest of the military, however, remained loyal to the
Emperor, and rushed to Addis Ababa and crushed the coup. Many of the hostages, including Ras Abebe, were killed by machine-gun fire as the army stormed the Genetta Leul palace on 17 December. Although
650:, but departing for the northeast with ten men before the Italians occupied the capital. He took part in the unsuccessful attempt to retake the capital in July of that year, and his soldiers almost reached the Imperial Palace before being beaten back by two Italian battalions.
661:. However, Thomas Kane writes that after Lij Haile Maryam Mammo's victory at Morit on 21 April 1937, Abebe and Fitawrari Zawdu Abba Koran took control of Morat and Geru, then on 25 July the three joined with Blatta Tekle Walde-Hawaryat and Major Mesfin Sleshi for an attack on
1402:
692:, always seeming to be at the point of submitting to the occupiers in return for money, arms, honors or power, yet always changing his mind at the last moment. "In negotiations he conducted with General
1026:
762:
688:(1939), became the leading rebel leader – although one not entirely trusted by the exiled Emperor Haile Selassie. Abebe presented himself to the Italians as ambivalent about his role as an
669:
emperor at the Three Ambas, alarming the
Italian occupiers. (Kane does agree with Mockler that Abebe did cooperate with Meleke Tsahai, meeting with him 27 November.) On 1 June, General
843:. The Scarecrow Press, inc.: Lanham, Maryland; Toronto; Oxford, 2004, p. 3. However Thomas L. Kane writes that Abebe "was born in xoru district, Shoa, in 1890/1897-8", that is 1890
62:
673:
moved north to surround Abebe, and keep him from returning to Menz, and although Abebe made three unsuccessful attempts to break through the
Italian lines before the
449:
1407:
1116:
777:
276:
776:
By the late 1950s, he had become the leader of one of the major factions that vied for the
Emperor's favor; the others were led by potentiates who included
657:
According to
Anthony Mockler, by the spring of 1937 year Abebe was left with only 40 men, forcing him to limit his activities to the mountainous region of
788:
1205:
1016:
399:
1153:
792:
757:
on 17 October 1943. The
Emperor subsequently made him governor of Tigray, and Ras Abebe brutally pacified the province. After serving as governor,
182:
738:
685:
1447:
1211:
1377:
1372:
1246:
1109:
435:
1422:
1125:
241:
129:
1392:
1387:
1217:
1382:
726:
in 1941 soon after Haile
Selassie's return. He was subsequently made governor of Sidamo province from 1941 to 1942. When the
1193:
1437:
1417:
1102:
1432:
1276:
1094:
753:
Abebe marched north to suppress the violence with the help of British air power, and captured the rebel headquarters at
1397:
1367:
385:
1442:
1199:
772:
Ras Abebe Aregai. Picture taken December 1959, at the inauguration of Building College in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
768:
684:
Although Meleke Tsahai died not long afterwards of illness, Abebe remained at large, and following the death of
1412:
618:, rising to the rank of Major before transferring to the police, and by 1935 had been granted the title of
189:
1427:
629:
723:
647:
541:
540:: አበበ አረጋይ; 18 August 1903 – 17 December 1960) was an Ethiopian military commander who served as
76:
406:
1256:
516:
1081:, pp. 254f. Bahru Zewde identifies Genetta Leul palace as the present Administration building of
876:
1143:
1082:
1362:
1357:
1311:
1178:
1158:
582:
429:
322:
264:
212:
152:
109:
1124:
1017:"Perspective | When fascist aggression in Ethiopia sparked a movement of Black solidarity"
8:
1168:
1021:
666:
552:
545:
498:
121:
868:
844:
815:
and the government security force, seized control of the capital on 13 December 1960.
1173:
781:
662:
1133:
742:
506:
482:
731:
356:
345:
331:
326:
299:
1403:
Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
593:
Abebe was born on 18 August 1903 in the village of Woira Amba-Jirru in northern
1148:
812:
804:
714:, Abebe Aregai proved to be a valuable retainer to the Emperor. One of the few
693:
379:
234:
97:
20:
1351:
1266:
808:
670:
614:
609:
555:, he led a group of resistance fighters. They were collectively known as the
1306:
1286:
1261:
674:
602:
544:
from 27 November 1957 until his death. He was a victim of the unsuccessful
16:
Ethiopian military commander; Prime Minister of Ethiopia from 1957 to 1960
1183:
710:
625:
529:
502:
288:
166:
39:
1316:
746:
620:
28:
24:
1126:
Chief ministers (1909–1943) / Prime ministers of Ethiopia (since 1943)
848:
849:"The Nasi-Ras Abbäbä Arägay Truce according to Two Amharic Sources",
765:(1949–1955), and Minister of Defence before becoming prime minister.
735:
557:
1296:
820:
the leaders of the coup had fled, most of them did not outlive the
352:
295:
598:
537:
727:
61:
754:
646:
Abebe remained in the capital after the departure of Emperor
594:
585:
labeled Abebe “one of the bravest men in the modern world.”
478:
1226:
658:
578:
980:, second edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2001), pp. 172f.
761:
Abebe once again served as Minister of War (1947–1949),
745:
known popularly as "Wedi Weldai" at one point capturing
681:
were able to return to the comparative safety of Menz.
851:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
1227:
Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia
1349:
1042:David Hamilton Shinn, "Abebe Aregai, Ras,", p. 3
722:Abebe was appointed governor of Addis Ababa and
601:, and his mother was Askale Gobena, an ethnic
1110:
912:
910:
908:
1408:Grand Crosses of the Order of the White Lion
89:27 November 1957 – 17 December 1960
954:Kane, "Nasi-Ras Abbäbä Arägay Truce", p. 50
929:Kane, "Nasi-Ras Abbäbä Arägay Truce", p. 47
889:Kane, "Nasi-Ras Abbäbä Arägay Truce", p. 49
839:David Hamilton Shinn, "Abebe Aregai, Ras,"
597:. His father was Aregai Bechere, an ethnic
562:
27:, and the person should be referred by the
1117:
1103:
905:
950:
948:
798:
1247:People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
767:
1297:Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
1350:
1038:
1036:
945:
902:(New York: Olive Branch, 2003), p. 138
1448:Politicians assassinated in the 1960s
1098:
635:
718:to receive a major government post,
1277:Transitional Government of Ethiopia
1033:
13:
1378:Assassinated Ethiopian politicians
1373:20th-century Ethiopian politicians
1055:(New York: Palgrave, 2000), p. 251
14:
1459:
841:Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia
1216:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1192:
1029:from the original on 2023-06-27.
879:from the original on 2021-12-22.
624:. He was the chief of police of
142:1955 – 17 December 1960
60:
1071:
1058:
1045:
1009:
996:
983:
970:
734:in 1942, with the rebels under
703:
1423:Interior ministers of Ethiopia
957:
932:
923:
892:
883:
861:
833:
1:
1393:Defence ministers of Ethiopia
1388:Deaths by firearm in Ethiopia
588:
1383:Assassinated prime ministers
978:A History of Modern Ethiopia
7:
1438:People murdered in Ethiopia
1418:Prime ministers of Ethiopia
10:
1464:
1433:Kidnapped Ethiopian people
542:Prime Minister of Ethiopia
77:Prime Minister of Ethiopia
18:
1325:
1295:
1275:
1245:
1225:
1190:
1132:
630:Italians invaded Ethiopia
522:
512:
488:
464:
459:
455:
443:
423:
412:
407:Lord Mayor of Addis Ababa
405:
393:
373:
362:
351:
339:
316:
305:
294:
282:
270:
258:
247:
240:
228:
218:
206:
195:
188:
176:
160:
146:
135:
128:
115:
103:
93:
82:
75:
71:
59:
50:
36:
1398:Ethiopian murder victims
1368:1960 murders in Ethiopia
827:
763:Minister of the Interior
190:Minister of the Interior
51:
1443:Kidnappings in Ethiopia
23:, the name Aregai is a
1083:Addis Ababa University
799:Coup and assassination
773:
677:, after the rains his
1413:Kidnapped politicians
869:"Imperial War Museum"
824:by more than a week.
771:
1004:Haile Selassie's War
991:Haile Selassie's War
965:Haile Selassie's War
940:Haile Selassie's War
918:Haile Selassie's War
900:Haile Selassie's War
605:and the daughter of
450:Takele Woldehawariat
323:Haile Selassie Gugsa
265:Makonnen Endelkachew
224:Position established
213:Makonnen Endelkachew
153:Makonnen Endelkachew
110:Makonnen Endelkachew
1022:The Washington Post
811:, supported by the
778:Mekonnen Habte-Wold
612:. He served in the
577:), and operated in
546:1960 Ethiopian coup
499:Guenete Leul Palace
277:Birru Walda Gabriel
130:Minister of Defence
122:Imru Haile Selassie
1428:Ethiopian nobility
813:Imperial Bodyguard
774:
553:Italian occupation
477:Woira Amba-Jirru,
1345:
1344:
1085:, in Sddst Kilo (
898:Anthony Mockler,
789:Andargachew Masai
782:Aklilu Habte-Wold
526:
525:
439:
430:Agenor Frangipani
389:
335:
172:
171:(Minister of War)
1455:
1337:
1331:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1134:Ethiopian Empire
1119:
1112:
1105:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1075:
1069:
1062:
1056:
1049:
1043:
1040:
1031:
1030:
1013:
1007:
1000:
994:
987:
981:
974:
968:
961:
955:
952:
943:
936:
930:
927:
921:
914:
903:
896:
890:
887:
881:
880:
865:
859:
837:
728:Woyane rebellion
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
507:Ethiopian Empire
495:
492:17 December 1960
483:Ethiopian Empire
474:
472:
460:Personal details
446:
436:Fascist Governor
433:
426:
417:
400:Adefresew Yinadu
396:
386:Fascist Governor
383:
376:
367:
342:
329:
319:
310:
285:
273:
261:
252:
231:
221:
209:
200:
179:
170:
163:
149:
140:
118:
106:
98:Haile Selassie I
87:
64:
54:
34:
33:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1335:
1329:
1321:
1299:
1291:
1279:
1271:
1249:
1241:
1229:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1197:
1188:
1136:
1128:
1123:
1093:
1076:
1072:
1063:
1059:
1051:Paul B. Henze,
1050:
1046:
1041:
1034:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1001:
997:
988:
984:
975:
971:
962:
958:
953:
946:
937:
933:
928:
924:
915:
906:
897:
893:
888:
884:
867:
866:
862:
838:
834:
830:
801:
724:Minister of War
706:
641:
591:
574:
571:
568:
565:
513:Political party
497:
493:
476:
470:
468:
444:
432:
424:
418:
413:
394:
382:
374:
368:
363:
346:Seyoum Mengesha
340:
327:Seyoum Mengesha
325:
317:
311:
306:
283:
271:
259:
253:
248:
242:Minister of War
229:
219:
207:
201:
196:
177:
169:
161:
155:
147:
141:
136:
116:
104:
88:
83:
67:
55:
52:
46:
43:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1461:
1451:
1450:
1445:
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1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
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1343:
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1339:
1333:
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1309:
1303:
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1293:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1283:
1281:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1253:
1251:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1239:
1237:post abolished
1233:
1231:
1223:
1222:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1144:Habte Giyorgis
1140:
1138:
1130:
1129:
1122:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1099:
1092:
1091:
1079:Layers of Time
1070:
1066:Layers of Time
1057:
1053:Layers of Time
1044:
1032:
1025:. 2020-08-03.
1008:
995:
982:
969:
956:
944:
931:
922:
904:
891:
882:
860:
831:
829:
826:
805:Mengistu Neway
800:
797:
793:Mulugeta Bulli
705:
702:
648:Haile Selassie
640:
634:
590:
587:
524:
523:
520:
519:
514:
510:
509:
496:(aged 57)
490:
486:
485:
475:18 August 1903
466:
462:
461:
457:
456:
453:
452:
447:
441:
440:
427:
421:
420:
410:
409:
403:
402:
397:
391:
390:
380:Pietro Gazzera
377:
371:
370:
360:
359:
349:
348:
343:
337:
336:
320:
314:
313:
303:
302:
292:
291:
286:
280:
279:
274:
268:
267:
262:
260:Prime Minister
256:
255:
245:
244:
238:
237:
235:Mesfin Sileshi
232:
226:
225:
222:
216:
215:
210:
208:Prime Minister
204:
203:
193:
192:
186:
185:
183:Merid Mengesha
180:
174:
173:
164:
158:
157:
150:
148:Prime Minister
144:
143:
133:
132:
126:
125:
119:
113:
112:
107:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
80:
79:
73:
72:
69:
68:
66:Aregai in 1949
65:
57:
56:
48:
47:
44:
37:
21:Ethiopian name
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1460:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
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1416:
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1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
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1376:
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1371:
1369:
1366:
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1356:
1355:
1353:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1298:
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1284:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1195:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1108:
1106:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1074:
1067:
1061:
1054:
1048:
1039:
1037:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1012:
1005:
999:
992:
986:
979:
976:Bahru Zewde,
973:
966:
960:
951:
949:
941:
935:
926:
919:
913:
911:
909:
901:
895:
886:
878:
874:
870:
864:
858:(1976), p. 49
857:
853:
852:
847:/AD 1897-8. (
846:
842:
836:
832:
825:
823:
818:
814:
810:
806:
796:
794:
790:
787:
783:
779:
770:
766:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
739:Yeebio Weldai
737:
733:
730:broke out in
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
712:
701:
697:
695:
691:
687:
686:Olana Dingili
682:
680:
676:
672:
671:Ugo Cavallero
668:
664:
660:
655:
651:
649:
645:
639:
633:
631:
627:
623:
622:
617:
616:
615:Kebur Zabagna
611:
610:Gobena Dacche
608:
604:
600:
596:
586:
584:
580:
560:
559:
554:
549:
547:
543:
539:
535:
532:
531:
521:
518:
515:
511:
508:
504:
500:
491:
487:
484:
480:
467:
463:
458:
454:
451:
448:
442:
437:
431:
428:
422:
416:
411:
408:
404:
401:
398:
392:
387:
381:
378:
372:
366:
361:
358:
354:
350:
347:
344:
338:
333:
328:
324:
321:
315:
309:
304:
301:
297:
293:
290:
287:
281:
278:
275:
269:
266:
263:
257:
251:
246:
243:
239:
236:
233:
227:
223:
217:
214:
211:
205:
199:
194:
191:
187:
184:
181:
175:
168:
165:
159:
154:
151:
145:
139:
134:
131:
127:
123:
120:
114:
111:
108:
102:
99:
96:
92:
86:
81:
78:
74:
70:
63:
58:
49:
42:
41:
35:
30:
26:
22:
1300:(since 1995)
1236:
1163:
1086:
1078:
1073:
1065:
1060:
1052:
1047:
1020:
1011:
1003:
998:
990:
985:
977:
972:
964:
959:
939:
934:
925:
917:
899:
894:
885:
872:
863:
855:
850:
840:
835:
821:
816:
802:
791:and General
785:
780:(brother of
775:
758:
750:
719:
715:
709:
707:
704:Later career
698:
689:
683:
678:
675:rainy season
656:
652:
643:
642:
637:
619:
613:
606:
592:
556:
550:
534:Abebe Aregai
533:
528:
527:
494:(1960-12-17)
445:Succeeded by
414:
395:Succeeded by
364:
341:Succeeded by
307:
284:Succeeded by
249:
230:Succeeded by
197:
178:Succeeded by
156:Abebe Aregai
137:
117:Succeeded by
84:
45:Abebe Aregai
38:
1363:1960 deaths
1358:1903 births
1312:Hailemariam
1280:(1991–1995)
1250:(1987–1991)
1230:(1974–1987)
1179:Endelkachew
1137:(1270–1974)
636:Life as an
626:Addis Ababa
583:British IWM
551:During the
517:Independent
503:Addis Ababa
425:Preceded by
375:Preceded by
318:Preceded by
289:Abiye Abebe
272:Preceded by
220:Preceded by
167:Abiye Abebe
162:Preceded by
105:Preceded by
1352:Categories
1089:, p. 214).
967:, pp. 201f
920:, pp. 159f
663:Addis Alem
644:Balambaras
621:Balambaras
589:Early life
471:1903-08-18
29:given name
25:patronymic
1087:A History
1002:Mockler,
989:Mockler,
963:Mockler,
942:, p. 183n
938:Mockler,
916:Mockler,
803:Brothers
736:Fitawrari
716:Arbegnoch
679:Arbegnoch
667:Lij Iyasu
632:in 1936.
628:when the
558:Arbegnoch
419:1941–1941
415:In office
369:1941–1942
365:In office
312:1943–1947
308:In office
254:1947–1949
250:In office
202:1949–1955
198:In office
138:In office
85:In office
1159:Makonnen
1068:, p. 239
1027:Archived
1006:, p. 379
993:, p. 202
877:Archived
572:Patriots
353:Governor
296:Governor
124:(acting)
53:አበበ አረጋይ
31:, Abebe.
19:In this
1332:Interim
1330:‡
1267:Tesfaye
1077:Henze,
1064:Henze,
809:Germame
747:Mek'ele
743:Enderta
690:Arbegna
638:Arbegna
566:
538:Amharic
94:Monarch
1338:Acting
1287:Tamrat
1184:Mikael
1174:Aklilu
1149:Tafari
732:Tigray
599:Amhara
581:. The
357:Sidamo
332:Tigray
300:Tigray
1307:Meles
1262:Hailu
1257:Fikre
1164:Abebe
1154:Wolde
828:Notes
755:Wukro
603:Oromo
595:Shewa
479:Shewa
1317:Abiy
1169:Imru
845:E.C.
807:and
708:Now
694:Nasi
659:Menz
579:Menz
563:lit.
489:Died
465:Born
873:IWM
822:Ras
817:Ras
795:.
786:Ras
784:),
759:Ras
751:Ras
741:of
720:Ras
711:Ras
607:Ras
548:.
530:Ras
355:of
298:of
40:Ras
1354::
1035:^
1019:.
947:^
907:^
875:.
871:.
856:39
854:,
749:,
505:,
501:,
481:,
1336:*
1118:e
1111:t
1104:v
575:'
569:'
561:(
536:(
473:)
469:(
438:)
434:(
388:)
384:(
334:)
330:(
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