873:". While Canon uses a factor of 1.6×, the other four brands all use 1.5×. APS-C cameras use a smaller area to form the image than traditional 35 mm cameras, and so lenses used on APS-C format cameras have a correspondingly narrower field of view. For example, a 28 mm lens is a wide angle lens on a traditional 35 mm camera. But the same lens on an APS-C camera, with a lens factor of 1.6× (relative to a standard full-frame 35 mm format camera), has the same angle of view as a 45 mm (28 mm × 1.6 lens factor) lens on a 35 mm camera—i.e. a normal lens. Several third-party lens manufacturers, such as
20:
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894:
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929:(MILCs). EF-M lenses will not physically mount on any Canon SLR, whether film or digital. The rear of an EF-M lens is considerably closer to the sensor or film plane than that of an EF (full-frame/35mm) or EF-S lens. Canon sells an optional adapter that allows EF-M bodies to accept all EF and EF-S lenses.
961:
at shorter focal lengths when mounted on Nikon film bodies, but are typically usable at longer focal lengths. When mounted on a Nikon FX (full-frame) digital body, by default the camera will automatically adjust the viewfinder to depict the DX frame area and crop the captured images to the DX image
68:
Such sensors exist in many different variants depending on the manufacturer and camera model. All APS-C variants are considerably smaller than 35 mm standard film which measures 36×24 mm. Because of this, devices with APS-C sensors are known as "cropped frame," especially when used in
970:
Pentax produces the DA line for their APS-C cameras. These lenses are available in focal lengths that offer similar field-of-view as lenses previously available for 135 film. The trademark compact design of the DA limited series takes advantage of the smaller APS-C format with the lenses under
69:
connection with lens mounts that are also used with sensors the size of 35 mm film: only part of the image produced by the lens is captured by the APS-C size sensor. Sensor sizes range from 20.7×13.8 mm to 28.7×19.1 mm, but are typically 22.3×14.9 mm for
163:. However, for practical applications, the image noise of an APS-C sensor cannot be directly compared to either smaller or bigger sensor sizes as there are also other variables to consider, such as advancements in image processing techniques.
855:
A 1.3× Focal Length
Multiplier is also known as APS-H. Actual multiplier factor is 1.255× for the 1D Digital, 1.28× for the Canon EOS-1D Mark III and 1.29× for the Canon EOS-1D Mark IV. Leica M8 is 1.33×
159:
for a given pixel is largely defined by the number of photons per pixel and the sensor readout noise. Larger pixel sizes can capture more photons per pixel thus giving a higher SNR and generally less
921:, which predated the introduction of the mounting system. EF-S lenses will not physically mount on Canon's full-frame digital or 35mm film SLRs. More recently, the company introduced the
42:
film negative in its C ("Classic") format, of 25.1×16.7 mm, an aspect ratio of 3:2 and Ø 30.15 mm field diameter. It is therefore also equivalent in size to the
971:
40 mm and is fully usable on 135 Film with the DA Limited Lenses over 35 mm focal length. All DA lenses can be mounted on Pentax film bodies, albeit with increased
957:
lenses for their line of APS-C digital cameras. These can be physically mounted to all Nikon digital and film SLR camera bodies since 1977. These lenses generally exhibit
1125:
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in "crop" mode, where the frame is cropped and the resolution is roughly halved. E-mount lenses are compatible with all of the company's APS-C MILCs, from the
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motion picture film format, which has the dimensions of 24.89 mm × 18.66 mm (0.980 in × 0.735 in) and Ø 31.11 mm field diameter.
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Canon, Fujifilm, Nikon, Pentax and Sony have developed and designed lenses specifically for their cameras with a lens factor (more fully, lens
388:
multiplier" for comparing a proportionally scaled lens/image circle projection/sensor diameter) can be used to calculate the field of view in
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237:
Most DSLR and third party lens manufacturers now make lenses specifically designed for APS-C cameras. The designations by brand include:
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1066:) in "crop" mode (the company also produces E-mount lenses designated as "FE", which cover the entire full-frame image circle).
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of lenses in 2003 alongside the 300D. These lenses place the rear of the lens closer to the camera's sensor (referred to as
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1022:, and the most recent APS-C Alpha SLTs. DT lenses can be mounted on full-frame models like the
909:). EF-S lenses are compatible with Canon's APS-C digital SLRs, with the exception of the early
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and 23.5×15.6 mm for other manufacturers. Each variant results in a slightly different
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from lenses at the same focal length and overall a much narrower angle of view compared to
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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Sony has two lines specifically designed for their APS-C cameras—the DT line for their
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Drawing showing the relative sizes of sensors used in most current digital cameras.
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81:. This is why each manufacturer offers a range of lenses designed for its format.
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1629:"The Consumer Electronics Hall of Fame: Canon EOS 300D - IEEE Spectrum"
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SSensor Pixel Size as a
Determinant of Digital Camera Image Quality
941:
range of lenses in early 2012. These lenses are designed for their
836:
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78:
43:
885:, also manufacture a range of lenses optimised for APS-C sensors.
2868:
2017:
1963:
1655:"Preview: Fujifilm X-Pro1 mirrorless interchangeable lens camera"
1580:"Sony Alpha DSLR-A100 vs. Sony Alpha SLT-A37 - Sensor Comparison"
392:
from the actual focal length. The most common multiplier ratios:
297:
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1832:
1782:
1196:"Sony Alpha SLT-A58 vs. Sony Alpha SLT-A77 - Sensor Comparison"
975:. Some lens in the DA series cover 35 full frame format fully.
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Canon EF-S lens is compatible with Canon's APS-C digital SLRs
279:
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DSLR cameras except D3100, D3200, D3300, D5300, and D5500;
312:
49:
Sensors approximating these dimensions are used in many
1126:
List of large sensor interchangeable-lens video cameras
1686:"Full Frame Coverage of DA Lenses: Comprehensive Test"
962:
size. This can be overridden by the user if desired.
61:. APS-C size sensors are also used in a few digital
1647:
3374:
1604:"Crop Sensor (APS-C) Cameras and Lens Confusion"
84:
1003:camera, but are specifically designed for the
1753:
1711:The Future of Digital - Full Frame or APS-C?
509:(not sold in North America until Oct 2015),
3305:Conservation and restoration of photographs
1720:Digital Photography Review, written in 1998
999:MILCs. The DT lenses can be mounted on any
205:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
123:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3042:Comparison of digital and film photography
1760:
1746:
1508:"Sony Alpha a6000 Sensor Info & Specs"
1484:"Sony Alpha NEX-6 Sensor Info & Specs"
1460:"Sony Alpha NEX-7 Sensor Info & Specs"
1292:"Sony Alpha NEX-5 Sensor Info & Specs"
1011:series of APS-C-format DSLRs, the earlier
3262:Photographs considered the most important
1436:"Nikon Coolpix A Sensor Info & Specs"
225:Learn how and when to remove this message
143:Learn how and when to remove this message
892:
38:approximately equivalent in size to the
18:
1268:"Samsung NX100 Sensor Info & Specs"
927:mirrorless interchangeable-lens cameras
55:mirrorless interchangeable-lens cameras
3375:
1741:
1610:from the original on 13 December 2010
1556:"Pentax K-01 Sensor Info & Specs"
1532:"Pentax K-50 Sensor Info & Specs"
1364:"Pentax K-70 Sensor Info & Specs"
1316:"Pentax K-S1 Sensor Info & Specs"
1244:"Pentax K20D Sensor Info & Specs"
1220:"Nikon D3200 Sensor Info & Specs"
1172:"Nikon D3100 Sensor Info & Specs"
860:
339:
166:
1340:"Pentax K-3 Sensor Info & Specs"
1144:
343:
203:adding citations to reliable sources
170:
121:adding citations to reliable sources
88:
3257:Museums devoted to one photographer
1388:"Pentax KP Sensor Info & Specs"
13:
2804:Timeline of photography technology
1412:"Ricoh GR Sensor Info & Specs"
1076:35 mm equivalent focal length
51:digital single-lens reflex cameras
14:
3399:
1725:The digital crop factor explained
1703:
3355:
3345:
3344:
348:
175:
93:
57:(MILCs), and a few large-sensor
3356:
1767:
1678:
1667:from the original on 2021-04-11
1621:
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1524:
1500:
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1356:
1153:from the original on 2011-04-15
1121:Lenses for SLR and DSLR cameras
1091:Digital versus film photography
1332:
1308:
1284:
1260:
1236:
1212:
1188:
1164:
1138:
1:
2854:Painted photography backdrops
2786:Golden triangle (composition)
2061:35 mm equivalent focal length
1131:
945:cameras using APS-C sensors.
713:except NX5, NX10, NX11, NX100
384:(sometimes referred to as a "
85:Comparison with other formats
323:(APS-C if not designated FE)
59:live-preview digital cameras
28:Advanced Photo System type-C
7:
2564:Intentional camera movement
1069:
932:
10:
3404:
3252:Most expensive photographs
2609:Multi-exposure HDR capture
1660:Digital Photography Review
3340:
3297:
3244:
3149:
3092:
2998:
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2746:
2486:
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1775:
1688:. PentaxForum. 2019-01-07
965:
357:This article needs to be
3186:Digital image processing
948:
925:for its EOS M series of
888:
2859:Photography and the law
1718:Focal Length Multiplier
978:
937:Fujifilm debuted their
869:conversion factor) or "
3206:Gelatin silver process
2230:Science of photography
2215:Photographic processes
2193:Perspective distortion
1106:Full-frame digital SLR
898:
771:cameras including the
24:
2664:Schlieren photography
2203:Photographic printing
2126:Exposure compensation
1081:Advanced Photo System
901:Canon introduced the
896:
767:interchangeable lens
505:(sold in Asia only),
157:signal-to-noise ratio
40:Advanced Photo System
22:
2448:Straight photography
2086:Chromatic aberration
1663:. January 12, 2012.
1042:through the current
805:Canon EOS-1D Mark IV
462:, 200D (Rebel SL2),
199:improve this section
117:improve this section
3388:Digital photography
3315:photographic plates
3000:Digital photography
2178:Hyperfocal distance
2091:Circle of confusion
1145:Bockaert, Vincent.
1111:Image sensor format
36:image sensor format
16:Image sensor format
2819:Autochrome Lumière
2814:Analog photography
2639:Pigeon photography
2428:Social documentary
1907:discontinued films
1716:Vincent Bockaert:
1101:Four Thirds system
899:
861:APS-C lens formats
799:Sigma SD Quattro H
340:Multiplier factors
167:Brand designations
25:
3370:
3369:
3171:Collodion process
3107:Chromogenic print
3094:Color photography
2604:Multiple exposure
2579:Lo-fi photography
2106:Color temperature
1734:, written in 2007
1727:, written in 2005
1606:. Bobatkins.com.
1584:www.digicamdb.com
1560:www.digicamdb.com
1536:www.digicamdb.com
1512:www.digicamdb.com
1488:www.digicamdb.com
1464:www.digicamdb.com
1440:www.digicamdb.com
1416:www.digicamdb.com
1392:www.digicamdb.com
1368:www.digicamdb.com
1344:www.digicamdb.com
1320:www.digicamdb.com
1296:www.digicamdb.com
1272:www.digicamdb.com
1248:www.digicamdb.com
1224:www.digicamdb.com
1200:www.digicamdb.com
1176:www.digicamdb.com
856:
851:
846:
815:(and Mark II N),
793:Sigma DP2 Merrill
789:Sigma DP1 Merrill
785:Sigma SD1 Merrill
378:
377:
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153:
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3358:
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3347:
3226:Print permanence
3176:Cross processing
3134:CMYK color model
3119:Color management
3072:Foveon X3 sensor
3067:Three-CCD camera
2711:Miniature faking
2669:Sabattier effect
2281:Astrophotography
2136:Zebra patterning
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907:short back focus
854:
849:
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765:Fujifilm X-mount
687:Sony Alpha 77 II
480:760D (T6s/8000D)
390:35 mm terms
373:
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3383:Digital cameras
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3240:
3231:Push processing
3152:
3145:
3139:RGB color model
3088:
2994:
2878:
2790:
2756:Diagonal method
2742:
2482:
2386:Photojournalism
2249:
2081:Black-and-white
2049:
2028:Slide projector
2023:Movie projector
1902:available films
1771:
1766:
1723:Fred Kamphues:
1713:written in 2004
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935:
903:Canon EF-S line
891:
863:
718:Nikon DX format
643:Nikon Coolpix A
422:Canon EOS DCS 3
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79:35 mm film
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2831:
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2800:
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2544:Harris shutter
2541:
2539:Hand-colouring
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2225:Red-eye effect
2222:
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2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2131:Exposure value
2128:
2123:
2118:
2116:Depth of focus
2113:
2111:Depth of field
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2057:
2055:
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2015:
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1704:External links
1702:
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1147:"Sensor Sizes"
1136:
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1128:
1123:
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1098:
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1013:Konica Minolta
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777:Sony Alpha 100
714:
707:Sony Alpha 500
703:Sony Alpha 580
583:
549:
539:
533:
495:1300D (T6/X80)
491:1200D (T5/X70)
487:1100D (T3/X50)
484:800D (T7i/X9i)
476:750D (T6i/X8i)
472:700D (T5i/X7i)
468:650D (T4i/X6i)
424:
376:
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369:September 2019
356:
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265:Konica Minolta
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3267:Photographers
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3161:Bleach bypass
3159:
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3140:
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3132:
3130:
3129:primary color
3127:
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3120:
3117:
3115:
3114:Reversal film
3112:
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3079:Image sharing
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2684:Stopping down
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2649:Rephotography
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2276:Architectural
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2259:
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2235:Shutter speed
2233:
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2218:
2216:
2213:
2209:
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2188:Metering mode
2186:
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2102:
2101:Color balance
2099:
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2094:
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2087:
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2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2066:Angle of view
2064:
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2059:
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2046:
2043:
2039:
2036:
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2034:
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2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2013:Manufacturers
2011:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
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1994:
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1021:
1017:
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990:
986:
976:
974:
963:
960:
956:
946:
944:
940:
930:
928:
924:
920:
919:Canon EOS 10D
916:
915:Canon EOS D60
912:
911:Canon EOS D30
908:
904:
895:
886:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
853:
848:
843:
842:
838:
834:
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826:
822:
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810:
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766:
762:
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750:
746:
742:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
712:
708:
704:
700:
699:Sony Alpha 37
696:
695:Sony Alpha 57
692:
691:Sony Alpha 65
688:
684:
683:Sony Alpha 77
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
582:
578:
577:Samsung NX100
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
548:
544:
543:Sony Alpha 58
540:
538:
534:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
464:600D (T3i/X5)
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
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360:
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189:
184:This section
182:
178:
173:
172:
164:
162:
158:
147:
144:
136:
126:
122:
118:
112:
111:
107:
102:This section
100:
96:
91:
90:
82:
80:
76:
75:angle of view
72:
66:
64:
60:
56:
52:
47:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
21:
3327:Polaroid art
3221:K-14 process
3216:Instant film
3211:Gum printing
3166:C-41 process
3151:Photographic
3052:Image sensor
3047:Film scanner
2701:Sun printing
2634:Print toning
2421:space selfie
2391:Pictorialism
2321:Ethnographic
2301:Conservation
2173:Guide number
2168:Focal length
1730:Zack Smith:
1709:Bob Atkins:
1690:. Retrieved
1680:
1669:. Retrieved
1658:
1649:
1638:. Retrieved
1632:
1623:
1612:. Retrieved
1598:
1587:. Retrieved
1583:
1574:
1563:. Retrieved
1559:
1550:
1539:. Retrieved
1535:
1526:
1515:. Retrieved
1511:
1502:
1491:. Retrieved
1487:
1478:
1467:. Retrieved
1463:
1454:
1443:. Retrieved
1439:
1430:
1419:. Retrieved
1415:
1406:
1395:. Retrieved
1391:
1382:
1371:. Retrieved
1367:
1358:
1347:. Retrieved
1343:
1334:
1323:. Retrieved
1319:
1310:
1299:. Retrieved
1295:
1286:
1275:. Retrieved
1271:
1262:
1251:. Retrieved
1247:
1238:
1227:. Retrieved
1223:
1214:
1203:. Retrieved
1199:
1190:
1179:. Retrieved
1175:
1166:
1155:. Retrieved
1140:
1116:Image sensor
1001:Sony A-mount
982:
969:
953:Nikon makes
952:
936:
900:
867:focal length
864:
850:Discontinued
716:1.52× — All
587:Pentax K110D
573:Samsung NX11
569:Samsung NX10
428:Canon EOS 7D
386:focal length
379:
366:
358:
236:
221:
212:
197:Please help
185:
154:
139:
130:
115:Please help
103:
67:
63:rangefinders
48:
31:
27:
26:
3332:Stereoscopy
3196:E-6 process
3191:Dye coupler
3124:color space
3037:Digiscoping
3030:camera back
2945:Philippines
2874:Visual arts
2864:Glass plate
2849:Heliography
2748:Composition
2723:Ultraviolet
2679:Stereoscopy
2674:Slow motion
2659:Scanography
2574:Kite aerial
2514:Contre-jour
2406:Post-mortem
2396:Pornography
2376:Neues Sehen
2311:Documentary
2245:Zone System
2220:Reciprocity
2146:Film format
2076:Backscatter
2054:Terminology
1924:beauty dish
1823:rangefinder
1788:light-field
1769:Photography
1096:Film format
1086:Crop factor
871:crop factor
809:1D Mark III
773:X100 series
639:Nikon D5500
635:Nikon D5300
631:Nikon D3300
595:K100D Super
565:Samsung NX5
553:Pentax K20D
547:Nikon D3200
537:Nikon D3100
499:Canon EOS M
448:77D (9000D)
382:crop factor
161:image noise
3377:Categories
3322:Lomography
3153:processing
3102:Print film
3018:comparison
2985:Uzbekistan
2935:Luxembourg
2895:Bangladesh
2844:Dufaycolor
2824:Box camera
2781:Simplicity
2738:Zoom burst
2733:Xerography
2728:Vignetting
2718:Time-lapse
2706:Tilt–shift
2599:Mordançage
2589:Luminogram
2554:Holography
2549:High-speed
2529:Fill flash
2509:Burst mode
2487:Techniques
2468:Vernacular
2463:Underwater
2458:Toy camera
2438:Still life
2366:Monochrome
2356:High-speed
2306:Cloudscape
2296:Conceptual
2198:Photograph
2183:Lens flare
2163:Film speed
2045:Zone plate
1991:wide-angle
1976:long-focus
1692:2020-01-16
1671:2021-09-09
1640:2023-04-17
1614:2010-12-30
1589:2019-04-02
1565:2019-04-02
1541:2019-04-02
1517:2019-04-02
1493:2019-04-02
1469:2019-04-02
1445:2019-04-02
1421:2019-04-02
1397:2018-11-04
1373:2018-12-18
1349:2019-04-02
1325:2019-04-02
1301:2019-04-02
1277:2019-04-02
1253:2019-04-02
1229:2019-04-02
1205:2019-04-02
1181:2019-04-02
1157:2012-04-05
1132:References
1056:α7/α7R/α7S
995:for their
991:, and the
987:DSLRs and
973:vignetting
959:vignetting
813:1D Mark II
722:Pentax K-m
711:Samsung NX
675:Sony α6500
671:Sony α6400
667:Sony α6300
659:Sony α6000
655:Sony α5100
651:Sony NEX-6
647:Sony NEX-7
581:Sony NEX-5
460:550D (T2i)
432:7D Mark II
414:Sigma SD10
410:Sigma SD14
406:Sigma SD15
3272:Norwegian
3236:Stop bath
3181:Developer
2809:Ambrotype
2771:Lead room
2694:Slit-scan
2629:Photogram
2624:Panoramic
2534:Fireworks
2519:Cyanotype
2361:Landscape
2006:telephoto
1954:reflector
1949:monolight
1944:lens hood
1929:cucoloris
1865:safelight
1776:Equipment
1028:DSLR-A900
1024:DSLR-A850
1009:DSLR-A700
1005:DSLR-A100
955:DX format
923:EF-M line
833:Kodak DCS
829:Kodak DCS
825:Kodak DCS
821:Kodak DCS
781:Sigma SD1
418:Sigma SD9
402:Sigma DP2
398:Sigma DP1
276:: T or TL
186:does not
104:does not
53:(DSLRs),
3351:Category
3057:CMOS APS
2955:Slovenia
2883:Regional
2829:Calotype
2766:Headroom
2644:Redscale
2559:Infrared
2504:Brenizer
2478:Wildlife
2401:Portrait
2346:Forensic
2336:Fine-art
2271:Aircraft
2261:Abstract
2141:F-number
2121:Exposure
2096:Clipping
2071:Aperture
1939:hot shoe
1860:enlarger
1855:Darkroom
1665:Archived
1608:Archived
1151:Archived
1070:See also
943:X series
933:Fujifilm
837:Leica M8
797:1.35× —
769:X series
627:Ricoh GR
585:1.53× —
551:1.54× —
541:1.55× —
535:1.56× —
256:Fujifilm
44:Super 35
34:) is an
3362:Outline
3298:Related
2990:Vietnam
2975:Ukraine
2910:Denmark
2890:Albania
2869:Tintype
2796:History
2761:Framing
2654:Rollout
2619:Panning
2569:Kirlian
2473:Wedding
2351:Glamour
2331:Fashion
2316:Eclipse
2286:Banquet
2208:Albumen
2018:Monopod
1996:fisheye
1964:softbox
1813:pinhole
1803:instant
1793:digital
1032:SLT-A99
993:E-mount
985:A-mount
939:X-mount
803:1.3× —
745:K-5 IIs
677:, Sony
661:, Sony
426:1.6× —
396:1.7× —
359:updated
329:: Di II
298:Samsung
260:X-Mount
207:removed
192:sources
125:removed
110:sources
3360:
3349:
3282:street
3277:Polish
2970:Turkey
2965:Taiwan
2950:Serbia
2940:Norway
2915:Greece
2900:Canada
2494:Afocal
2453:Street
2433:Sports
2416:Selfie
2371:Nature
2326:Erotic
2291:Candid
2266:Aerial
2254:Genres
2156:medium
2033:Tripod
2001:swivel
1914:Filter
1892:holder
1887:format
1783:Camera
1064:α7S II
1060:α7R II
1030:, and
1007:up to
989:α SLTs
966:Pentax
917:, and
881:, and
879:Tokina
875:Tamron
845:Notes:
839:, M8.2
817:EOS-1D
763:; all
741:K-5 II
709:, all
681:6600,
665:6100,
615:K-3 II
561:K3 III
333:Tokina
327:Tamron
289:Pentax
252:, RF-S
3287:women
3245:Lists
3201:Fixer
3084:Pixel
3013:D-SLR
2960:Sudan
2930:Korea
2925:Japan
2920:India
2905:China
2689:Strip
2614:Night
2594:Macro
2499:Bokeh
2443:Stock
2411:Ruins
2151:large
1981:prime
1959:snoot
1919:Flash
1897:stock
1872:Drone
1833:still
1818:press
1808:phone
1798:field
1052:α6500
1048:α5100
1044:α3000
1040:NEX-5
1036:NEX-3
949:Nikon
889:Canon
883:Sigma
835:760,
831:660,
827:560,
823:460,
757:K-500
603:K200D
591:K100D
307:Sigma
280:Nikon
274:Leica
242:Canon
71:Canon
32:APS-C
3310:film
3025:MILC
2524:ETTR
2381:Nude
2341:Fire
2240:Sync
2038:head
1986:zoom
1971:Lens
1934:gobo
1882:base
1877:Film
1848:view
1634:IEEE
1038:and
1018:and
979:Sony
761:K-01
753:K-50
738:K-30
611:K-S2
607:K-S1
599:K10D
335:: DX
313:Sony
309:: DC
250:EF-M
246:EF-S
190:any
188:cite
155:The
108:any
106:cite
3062:CCD
1843:toy
1838:TLR
1828:SLR
749:K-3
734:K-5
730:K-r
726:K-x
649:,†
619:K70
555:,,
531:R50
527:R10
523:M50
519:M10
456:90D
452:80D
444:70D
440:60D
436:50D
201:by
119:by
3379::
1657:.
1631:.
1582:.
1558:.
1534:.
1510:.
1486:.
1462:.
1438:.
1414:.
1390:.
1366:.
1342:.
1318:.
1294:.
1270:.
1246:.
1222:.
1198:.
1174:.
1149:.
1062:,
1058:,
1050:,
1046:,
1026:,
1020:7D
1016:5D
913:,
877:,
819:,
811:,
807:,
791:,
787:,
783:,
779:;
775:;
759:,
755:,
751:,
747:,
743:,
736:,
732:,
728:,
724:,
705:,
701:,
697:,
693:,
689:,
685:,
673:,
669:,
657:,
653:,
645:,
641:,
637:,
633:,
629:,
625:,
623:KP
621:,
617:,
613:,
609:,
605:,
601:,
597:,
593:,
589:,
579:,
575:,
571:,
567:,
563:;
559:,
557:K7
545:,
529:,
525:,
521:,
517:,
515:M6
513:,
511:M5
507:M3
503:M2
501:,
497:;
493:,
489:,
482:,
478:,
474:,
470:,
466:,
458:,
454:,
450:,
446:,
442:,
438:,
434:,
430:,
420:,
416:,
412:,
408:,
404:,
400:,
380:A
319:,
317:DT
315::
302:NX
300::
293:DA
291::
284:DX
282::
269:DT
267::
258::
248:,
244::
65:.
1761:e
1754:t
1747:v
1695:.
1674:.
1643:.
1617:.
1592:.
1568:.
1544:.
1520:.
1496:.
1472:.
1448:.
1424:.
1400:.
1376:.
1352:.
1328:.
1304:.
1280:.
1256:.
1232:.
1208:.
1184:.
1160:.
997:α
679:α
663:α
371:)
367:(
361:.
321:E
228:)
222:(
217:)
213:(
209:.
195:.
146:)
140:(
135:)
131:(
127:.
113:.
30:(
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