RT (TV network) - Knowledge

2972: 4231:: "I walked into the newsroom and there was an eyewitness account making allegations and analysis, if you can call it, from our correspondent in the studio. It was just appalling, in a situation like that where there are families waiting to be informed and a devastating loss of life." She also noted that "There is bias against Russia but you don't counter wrong by doing even more wrong" and stated "I have always said it's better to have RT than to not have that perspective, but actually with a story like this and the way they misreport it, it's quite dangerous, I don't want to be party to it." In follow-up interview she said: "In Ukraine, you're taking a very small part of a much wider story, totally omitted the context of the story, and so what you wind up with on air is outright misinformation." Calling RT "mass information manipulation", Firth said: "they have a very clear idea in their mind of what they're trying to prove". She also stated that "The worst-kept secret is that RT is blatant propaganda. I'm one in a very long line of people who have left for the same reason." 2857: 1007:"When we designed this project back in 2005 we intended introducing another strong player on the international scene, a player that wouldn't just provide an unbiased coverage of the events in Russia but also try, let me stress, I mean – try to break the Anglo-Saxon monopoly on the global information streams. ... We wanted to bring an absolutely independent news channel to the news arena. Certainly the channel is funded by the government, so it cannot help but reflect the Russian government's official position on the events in our country and in the rest of the world one way or another. But I'd like to underline again that we never intended this channel, RT, as any kind of apologetics for the Russian political line, whether domestic or foreign." 4255: 683: 2714: 691: 1355: 3423: 1783:. According to internal documents submitted for Kremlin review, RT's viewership amounted to less than 0.1 percent of Europe's television audience, except in Britain, where 2013 viewership was estimated at 120,000 persons per day. According to the leaked documents, RT was ranked 175th out of 278 channels in Great Britain in May 2013, or fifth out of eight cable news channels. In August 2015, RT's average weekly viewing figure had fallen to around 450,000 (0.8 percent of the total UK audience), 100,000 fewer than in June 2012 and less than half that of Al Jazeera English. In March 2016, the monthly viewing was figure 0.04%. 983: 4022: 18280: 331: 3633: 3677: 2008: 4167:

fire off their anti-American talking points. Listen, I'm all about exposing government corruption. I'm all about being critical of the government. But this is different. This is promoting the foreign policy of somebody that has just invaded a country, has invaded the country and is then lying about it, is using the media as a tool to fulfill his foreign policy interests. And RT is part of Putin's propaganda network and it's very, very troubling in the wake of what is going on in Ukraine today.

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often covert disinformation campaign designed to sow doubt about democratic institutions and destabilize the West". According to Steven Erlanger, RT provides "hard news and top-notch graphics" and a "mix with interviews from all sorts of people: well known and obscure, left and right. if there is any unifying character to RT, it is a deep skepticism of Western and American narratives of the world and a fundamental defensiveness about Russia and Mr. Putin."

8322: 8284: 4106:, speaking directly to her viewing audience during the show's closing statement, said that even though she works for RT, she is against Russia's intervention in Ukraine. She said that "what Russia did is wrong", as she is against intervention by any nation into other countries' affairs. Later, Martin asserted that RT still supports her despite her differences of opinion with the Russian government. RTs press office suggested that Martin would be sent to 3781: 3743: 1817:. Viewers exposed to RT became more likely "to support the withdrawal of the United States "from its role as a cooperative global leader" than those who did not watch RT by 10–20%. "This effect is robust across measures, obtains across party lines, and persists even when we disclose that RT is financed by the Russian government." However, exposure to RT had no measurable "effect on Americans' views of domestic politics or the Russian government." 74: 555: 3825: 17643:. Despite RT's attempts to market its shows as debates or discussions in which 'all things are considered,' pro-Kremlin statements are rarely questioned... RT listed false reasons justifying Russia's military buildup, including an alleged promise by U.S. President Ronald Reagan to General Secretary Gorbachev to not expand NATO, which Gorbachev said never happened, and the incorrect claim that Ukraine had outlawed the Russian language. 4513:. According to Lange, the assignment had nothing to do with journalism as he was instructed in the first place to test the security of the hospital, describe number of internal checkpoints and his RT leadership clearly indicated collected information will not be used for publication. Lange also described reporting bias in the RT where he was instructed by the editor to specifically select footage showing "all the filth of Germany". 3762: 3577: 2055: 3695: 1351:, stated that the two organizations "share the same roof" because they are located in the same building, but in "funding, editorial policy, management and staff, they are two independent organisations whose daily operations are not interconnected in any way". In 2008, Simonyan noted that more than 50 young RT journalists had gone on to take positions in large Western media outlets. By 2010, RT's staff had grown to 2,000. 3807: 18261: 902:. The interview made global headlines as Nasrallah rarely gives interviews to Western media. Commentators described this as a "coup". WikiLeaks described the show as "a series of in-depth conversations with key political players, thinkers and revolutionaries from around the world". It stated that the show is "independently produced and Assange has control"; WikiLeaks offers a "Broadcasters license, only". 3859:, effectively banning RT from being broadcast. This was taken in the wake of RT UK being funded by the Russian government, which, when combined with their promotion of Russian state narratives with regard to sanctions and its invasion of Ukraine, was deemed a violation of neutrality standards. This came after an investigation was launched on 2 March 2022 in these matters, also involving the invasion. 4650: 4321:. Ukrainian army forces were accused of "ethnic cleansing" and were compared to the Nazis in World War Two. The only response to the allegations in the broadcast was in the form of a caption saying "Kiev claims it is not committing genocide, denies casualty reports", which appeared on screen for six seconds. According to Ofcom the broadcast had "little or no counterbalance or objectivity". 7819:[Currently we are not at war with anyone. But in 2008 – we were. The Ministry of Defence was at war with Georgia, and we were waging an information war, and with the entire Western world. Well, it's impossible just to start making weapons when the war has already begun! Therefore, the Ministry of Defence is now not at war with anyone, but is ready for defense. So are we.] 1967:. David Weigel writes that Kokesh defended RT's "propaganda" function, saying "We're putting out the truth that no one else wants to say. I mean, if you want to put it in the worst possible abstract, it's the Russian government, which is a competing protection racket against the other governments of the world, going against the United States and calling them on their bullshit." 3057:)." John Feffer, co-director of Foreign Policy in Focus says he appears on RT as well as the U.S.-funded Voice of America and Radio Free Asia, commented "I've been given the opportunity to talk about military expenditures in a way I haven't been given in U.S. outlets". On the fairness issue, he said: "You're going to find blind spots in the coverage for any news organization". 988: 984: 986: 3894:] network has deployed to promote president Putin's fantasy about what is playing out on the ground. They almost spend full-time devoted to this effort, to propagandize, and to distort what is happening or not happening in Ukraine." RT responded that they wanted "an official response from the U.S. Department of State substantiating Mr. Kerry's claims". 1259:, "posts on Facebook from RT and Sputnik got more than 5 million likes, shares and comments". On YouTube, videos of "false stories, claiming that Ukrainians had attacked Russians or describing a 'genocide' against Russian-speaking Ukrainians in the separatist Donbas region," were watched "73 million times." During the invasion, hacktivist collective 5386:

disinformation ecosystem. Not only do they put out disinformation through their websites and social media channels, they are key nodes in coordinated campaigns, as well. For instance, the content originally posted on RT will be reposted down a chain of websites until it appears to be an organic article on an American outlet (Nimmo, 2017).

987: 3962:, advised fellow Labour MPs to boycott RT and said he would no longer appear on the channel. He said: "We tried to be fair with them and as long as they abide by journalistic standards that are objective that's fine but it looks as if they have gone beyond that line". A party representative said: "We are keeping the issue under review". 2971: 3044:, researcher Precious N Chatterje-Doody stated that RT viewers tend to recognize RT's state-controlled status, and that they choose to watch RT for its "non-mainstream" story selection and its use of technology. She asserted that if RT broadcast only "blatant propaganda", it would not retain its audience. According to Adam Johnson in 1421:

20.8 billion rubles (around $ 300 million) in September. In 2015, RT was expected to receive 19 billion rubles ($ 307 million) from the Russian government the following year. As of 2022, RT is the leader in terms of state funding among all Russian media. Between 2022 and 2024, RT will receive 82 billion rubles.

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eccentric it may be..." Matt Field in Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists described RT as "applying high-quality graphics and production values to its stories", often focusing "on polarizing issues that aren't necessarily top-of-mind for viewers" and sometimes "strikingly at odds with Russian President Vladimir Putin's own views".

1693:, citing leaked documents from "Vasily Gatov, a former RIA Novosti employee" (as of 2015) RT "hugely exaggerates its viewership,"; and its most-watched segments were on apolitical subjects. Between 2013 and 2015, over 80% of RT's viewership was for videos of accidents, crime, disasters, and natural phenomena, such as the 2013 2737: 2741: 2740: 2736: 6026: 7817:Сейчас ни с кем не воюем. А вот в 2008 году воевали. Министерство обороны воевало с Грузией, а информационную войну вели мы, причем со всем западным миром. Ну невозможно только начинать делать оружие, когда война уже началась! Поэтому Министерство обороны сейчас ни с кем не воюет, но готово к обороне. Так и мы. 7390:

discredit and delegitimize them. This is clearly adherent to the channel's "Questions More" slogan. Third, to create controversy and to make people criticize the channel, because it suggests that the channel is important, an approach that would particularly help RT managers get more funding from the government.

2742: 989: 1991:, was "largely deferential" in asking some questions of Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah, who himself was in hiding. However, he also asked tough questions such as why Nasrallah had not supported Arab revolts against Syrian leaders, when he had supported them in Tunisia, Yemen, Egypt, and other countries. 3150:). Though viewers may still oppose Russian policy and dislike Putin, RT's goal is for "a bit" of disinformation mud to "stick" to viewers and their doubts about Western institutions to grow. (Robert Pszczel, who ran NATO's information office in Moscow and watches Russia and the western Balkans for NATO.) 9212:

Heading off criticism for his choice of partner he added: "There's Julian Assange, enemy combatant, a traitor, getting in to bed with the Kremlin and interviewing terrible radicals from around the world. I think that's a pretty trivial kind of attack. If they actually look at how the show is made: we

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Almost all important media in Russia are state controlled and used to feed Russian audience with Kremlin propaganda. For international propaganda Kremlin uses agencies like RT and Sputnik. Both are available in many language variations and in many countries (Hansen 2017). Aim of this propaganda is to

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wrote that RT's "coverage of Ukraine could not have been kinder to Moscow if Vladimir Putin had chosen the running order himself. While Putin kept up the pretence that there were no Russian troops in Crimea, so too did RT. The storming of government buildings across eastern Ukraine has been portrayed

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in Ukraine". In response, RT released a statement: "When a journalist disagrees with the editorial position of his or her organization, the usual course of action is to address those grievances with the editor, and, if they cannot be resolved, to quit like a professional. But when someone makes a big

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said that American media elites love to mock Russian media, especially RT, as being a source of shameless pro-Putin propaganda, where free expression is strictly barred. Agreeing the "network has a strong pro-Russian bias", he suggested that Martin's action "remarkably demonstrated what 'journalistic

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criticized RT, stating it held that "civilian casualties in Syria are minimal, foreign intervention would be disastrous, and any humanitarian appeals from Western nations are a thin veil for a NATO-backed move to isolate Iran, China, and Russia". He wrote that RT wants to "make the United States look

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Only rarely taking a "single, anti-Western media line on any given story", which would be "too obvious". Instead, presenting "gaggles of competing and contradicting narratives which together create the impression that the truth is indecipherable". (Lithuania's STRATCOM Colonel). RT's "main message is

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RT formerly hosted the leaders of populist European parties such as UKIP's leader Nigel Farage and Marie Le Pen, leader of the French Populist National Rally Party. British politician, broadcaster, and writer George Galloway formerly hosted his own TV news programme on RT named "Sputnik: Orbiting the

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holds that a primary reason for RT's success in the United States is that RT is "a force for diversity" which gives voice to people "who rarely get heard in current mainstream US media". Examples of this include "a twelve-minute interview" in March 2010 "with Hank Albarelli, a self-described American

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According to data compiled by Oxford's Rasmus Kleis Nielsen prior to the invasion of Ukraine, RT's "online reach in the U.K., France, and Germany" was "not great on the web, but surprisingly strong on social media, at least in spots". For example, in Germany, RT was "the No. 1 news source in terms of

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In addition to its main English language channel RT International, RT UK and RT America, RT also runs Arabic-language channel Rusiya Al-Yaum, Spanish language channel Actualidad RT, as well as the RTDoc documentary channel. RT maintains 21 bureaus in 16 countries, including those in Washington, D.C.,

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According to RT as of March 2022, the network's feed is carried by 22 satellites and over 230 operators, providing a distribution reach to about 700 million households in more than 100 countries. RT also stated that RT America was available to 85 million households throughout the United States, as of

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When it was established in 2005, ANO TV-Novosti invested $ 30 million in start-up costs to establish RT, with a budget of $ 30 million for its first year of operation. Half of the network's budget came from the Russian government; the other half came from pro-Kremlin commercial banks at the

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said on air that Ukrainian children who had in the past criticised the Soviet Union as occupiers of Ukraine should have been drowned or burned; he additionally laughed at reporting that Russian soldiers raped elderly Ukrainian women during the 2022 invasion. He was subsequently suspended by Simonyan,

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On July 17 near the village of Rassypnoye over the Torez city in Donetsk region an An-26 transport plane of Ukrainian Air Force was taken down, said the militia. According to them, the plane crashed somewhere near the "Progress" mine, away from residential areas. According to one of the militias, at

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The impact of Russian state-controlled news outlets—which are frequent sources of pro-Kremlin disinformation—is concentrated in one, highly popular news outlet, RT. When it comes to overt reach, the Russian government openly funds English-speaking outlets, such as Sputnik News and RT. These outlets

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They get these extreme voices on that have this kind of hostile toward the West viewpoints towards the world, very extremist. These are the people that they have on. And when I was on the anchor desk, they would instruct you to egg on these guests and try to get them, you know, rallied up, to really

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Focusing on "presenting a negative picture of the United States and 'the West'", rather than extolling "Russia's virtues directly", publishing conspiracy theories about the West, criticizing U.S. influence abroad, and presenting Russia as "a 'global underdog'" to U.S. hegemony. (Michael Dukalskis in

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In 2013, RT became "the first news network to surpass 1 billion views on YouTube". As of shortly after the invasion of Ukraine and blocking of RT by tech companies, RT's "main Facebook channel has more than 7 million followers" (some of which are located in Europe where the channel is blocked). RT's

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Some of these stories originated with RT and Sputnik, state-funded Russian information services that mimic the style and tone of independent news organizations yet sometimes include false and misleading stories in their reports, the researchers say. On other occasions, RT, Sputnik and other Russian

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The channel has provided the likes of Alex Jones, Webster Tarpley, David Ray Griffin and Jim Marrs with the opportunity to promote, to an international audience, their ideas about the New World Order, 9/11, the Bilderberg group or the climate change conspiracy, all while being treated with absolute

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Notorious examples of fake news masquerading as news can be found in reports broadcast on the U.S. cable news channel Fox News (Schram & Fording, 2018) and the Russian international television network RT (Russia Today; Dowling, 2017). Thus, there are also a number of fake news reports published

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For comparative purposes, we also included two prominent Russian news sites which have featured in European policy discussions around disinformation, namely Russia Today (RT) and Sputnik. These Russian state-backed organisations are clearly different from sites that engage in for-profit fabrication

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Nowadays, Russia attacks the Western value of rationality and uses the argument of "the second opinion" or plurality of opinions. The phrase "the second opinion" has even become the slogan of RT. For instance, this propaganda channel used the public opinion's contention as to the nature of the Iraq

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The footage captured by Ruptly showed Assange for the first time in about a year, now sporting a long white beard. He could be heard shouting "the UK has no sovereignty" and "the UK must resist this attempt by the Trump administration..." as he was dragged out by five police officers and put into a

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Additionally, the U.S. is not the only country that has been targeted by Russian influence campaigns. Russia has been accused of conducting another influence campaign prior to the 2017 French election between Marine Le Pen (Russia's pick) and Emmanuel Macron. Before the election, Kremlin-controlled

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stated in 2012 that RT does a lot of stories that "reflect badly" on the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and much of Western Europe and that they are "particularly aggrieved by American sermonizing abroad". Citing that RT compares stories about Russia allowing mass protests of the

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A study by Professor Robert Orttung at George Washington University stated that RT uses human interest stories without ideological content to attract viewers to its channels. Between January and May 2015, the Russian-language channel had the most viewers, with approximately double the number of the

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bank stated that they will no longer provide banking services to RT in the UK without providing any reasons. This decision was criticised by Margarita Simonyan, the editor-in-chief of RT, and the Russia Government. Simonyan sarcastically tweeted that: "Long live freedom of speech!" However, NatWest

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Particularly in the wake of the crisis in Ukraine that erupted in 2013–2014, the Kremlin has been accused of orchestrating disinformation campaigns against the Ukrainian government and western countries by using online trolls and state-controlled online outlets such as RT (formerly known as Russia

4497:, had breached the UK's impartiality rules; the BBC reported that RT was "extremely disappointed by Ofcom's conclusions". RT was fined £200,000 but kept its licence to broadcast in the UK. RT described Ofcom's actions against it as "inappropriate and disproportionate per Ofcom's own track record". 4381:

reported that RT and Sputnik were "state-funded Russian information services that mimic the style and tone of independent news organizations yet sometimes include false and misleading stories in their reports" and also that "RT, Sputnik and other Russian sites used social-media accounts to amplify

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banned both RT and Sputnik from attending the Global Conference for Media Freedom in London for "their active role in spreading disinformation". The Russian Embassy called the decision "direct politically motivated discrimination", while RT responded in a statement: "It takes a particular brand of

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from campaign events. A Macron spokesperson said the two outlets showed a "systematic desire to issue fake news and false information". Macron later said during a press conference that RT and Sputnik were "agencies of influence and propaganda, lying propaganda—no more, no less". RT editor-in-chief

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transport plane" with a missile, calling it "a new victory for the Donetsk militia". Later, after it was clear the plane was civilian, offering a variety of theories of how the Ukrainian military was responsible. One theory offered and later discarded by RT was that the airliner may have been shot

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monitored RT's (US) output for much of 2015, and found "RT ignores the inherent traits of journalism—checking sources, relaying facts, attempting honest reportage" and "you'll find 'experts' lacking in expertise, conspiracy theories without backing, and, from time to time, outright fabrication for

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The emphasis on disorientation appears in the literature on modern Russian propaganda, both in inward-focused applications and in its international propaganda outlets, Sputnik and RT (formerly, Russia Today). Here, the purpose is not to convince the audience of any particular truth but instead to

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However, when it comes to disinformation from state-controlled media sources platforms' options are more limited. Most often channels like Russia's RT and Iran's PressTV do not technically violate a platform's terms of service and so cannot be removed. However, they still play a vital role in the

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in which all members of the panel expressed critical views. RT's representatives again stated that they couldn't find anybody with alternative opinions willing to take part, and that captions with pro-NATO comments should have been added before broadcast, but the wrong text was accidentally used.

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civilians near the Turkey-Syria border was also found to have breached Ofcom's rules. That December, Ofcom found RT in breach of its standards in relation to the impartiality of a documentary entitled "Syrian Diary" broadcast the previous March. Speaking in 2014 former RT reporter Sara Firth said

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who had been sanctioned by the European Union since 2014. Chairperson of the National Electronic Mass Media Council Ivars Āboliņš said they will be asking all EU state regulators to follow their example and restrict RT in their territory. Kiselyov called the decision "an indicator of the level of

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conceptualized RT as operating using a "partisan parasite" propaganda model, noting that it "often covers topics and people that would mainly be familiar to US audiences, but which are of little international salience or relevance", and that it rarely covers Russia except through the lens of U.S.

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RT has presented itself as a global network "like the BBC or France 24", differing from them in offering "alternative views" ignored by the "Western-dominated news media". Many Western countries, in contrast, regard RT not just as a propaganda organ, but as "the slickly produced heart of a broad,

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Soviet-born British journalist Peter Pomerantsev documented the typical newsroom antics in one of Russia's largest propaganda outlets, RT News (formerly known as Russia Today). When his acquaintance composed a piece that referenced the Soviet Union's occupation of Estonia in 1945, the writer was

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in 2016 called RT part of "a wider Russian propaganda operation" named the "Firehose of Falsehood". The paper called "Russian faux-news propaganda channels, such as RT" insidious and that "they look like news programs, and the persons appearing on them are represented as journalists and experts,

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In December 2021 RT launched a TV channel in Germany, RT DE TV using a license for cable and satellite broadcasting issued in Serbia. A week after the launch, on 22 December the channel was removed from broadcasting via European satellites by the European satellite operator at the request of the

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In 2018, some of the RT staff started a new media project, Redfish.media, that positioned itself as "grassroots journalism". The website was criticized by activist Musa Okwonga for deceptively interviewing him and then distributing it across RT channels while hiding its real affiliation. Another

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academics Jack Nassetta and Kimberly Gross described as an " to shed state affiliation". Simonyan said the company had not changed names but the company's corporate logo was changed to attract more viewers: "who is interested in watching news from Russia all day long?" Julia Ioffe also describes

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s broadcasts, two types are of particular interest: the first includes genuinely American conspiracy theories; and the second includes ideas of conspiracy in relations between the US and Russia. The analysis of these two types of conspiracy theories offers an opportunity to explore how they are

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against the Kurds, and that "Turkey supports ISIS" without offering adequate counterbalance. RT's representatives stated the network "finds it especially difficult to obtain pro-Turkey views for its programming" because of "political tensions between Russia and Turkey following the downing of a

3997:, sources at RT confirmed that Dunbar had resigned, saying that it was not over bias. One senior RT journalist told the magazine, "the Russian coverage I have seen has been much better than much of the Western coverage... Russian news coverage is largely pro-Russia, but that is to be expected." 3351:

In 2022, the Centre for Democratic Integrity (CDI) published a comprehensive report "RT in Europe and beyond" which in detail describes disinformation and divisive activities of RT against European audience with focus on regional editions (French, Spanish, German, British), documenting specific

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Functioning in some circumstances, (like the 2016 U.S. presidential election), as a part of a larger Russian disinformation apparatus with the goal of undermining "public faith in the U.S. democratic process," and damaging enemies (like Hillary Clinton). RT and other state-funded Russian media,

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Marcin Maczka writes that RT's ample financing has allowed RT to attract experienced journalists and use the latest technology. RT anchors and correspondents tend to concentrate on controversial world issues such as the financial and banking scandals, corporate impact on the global economy, and

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survey of the most popular news videos on YouTube in 2011–12 found RT to be the top source with 8.5 percent of posts, 68 percent of which consisted of first-person video accounts of dramatic worldwide events, likely acquired by the network rather than created by it. In 2013, RT became the first

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event, with less than 1% of viewership for political videos. In late 2015, all of the 20 most-watched videos on its main channel, totaling 300 million views, were described as "disaster/novelty". Of the top 100, only a small number could be categorized as political, with only one covering

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who called the network the "propaganda arm" of Vladimir Putin. On 28 February, Ofcom announced they had opened 15 expedited investigations into RT. These investigations will be focused on the 15 news editions broadcast on 27 February between 05:00 and 19:00 and will check if the coverage broke

764:, which were protected by Russian troops. RT saw this as the incident that showcased its newsgathering abilities to the world. Margarita Simonyan stated: "we were the only ones among the English-language media who were giving the other side of the story – the South Ossetian side of the story". 6972:

State or state-friendly media in Russia – Life News, NTV, Channel One Russia, and Russia 24—disseminate not just the Kremlin's narratives but also outright fakery to domestic audiences and those in the Russian-speaking space. These outlets spread the same stories via social media as well. RT,

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In 2010, journalist and blogger Julia Ioffe described RT as being "provocative just for the sake of being provocative" in its choice of guests and issue topics, featuring a Russian historian who predicted that the United States would soon be dissolved, showing speeches by Venezuelan President

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Group had a $ 376 million budget in 2014–15.) At the start of 2015, as the ruble's value plummeted and a ten percent reduction in media subsidies was imposed, it was thought that RT's budget for the year would fall to about $ 236 million. Instead, government funding was increased to

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Across our interviews, our respondents agreed that the goals of the channel since 2008 have been and still are as follows. First, to push the idea that Western countries have as many problems as Russia. Second, to encourage conspiracy theories about media institutions in the West in order to

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that "the Kremlin is using charm, good photography and a healthy dose of sex appeal to appeal to a diverse, skeptical audience. The result is entertaining – and ineffably Russian." She added that Russia Today has managed to "get foreigners to at least consider the Russian viewpoint – however

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RT (and other Russian propaganda media) may broadcast different "themes or messages", different accounts of "contested events", and may change their account (their "falsehood or misrepresentation") if it is "exposed or ... not well received", moving "on to a new (though not necessarily more

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A spokesperson for the media regulator said: "Ofcom found that RT broadcast content that was either materially misleading or not duly impartial. These are significant failings and we are therefore requiring RT to broadcast two clear statements on our decision which correct these failures."

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responded. Stengel stated in his response, "RT is a distortion machine, not a news organization", concluding that "the network and its editors should not pretend that RT is anything other than another player in Russia's global disinformation campaign against the people of Ukraine and their

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Assange said that RT allowed his guests to discuss things that they "could not say on a mainstream TV network". Assange's production company made the show and Assange had full editorial control. Assange said that, if WikiLeaks had published large amounts of compromising data on Russia, his

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magazine, "while Russia Today toes the Kremlin's line on foreign policy, it also provides an outlet to marginalized issues and voices stateside. RT, for example, has covered the recent prison strikes—the largest in American history—twice. So far CNN, MSNBC, NPR, and Rutenberg's employer,

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called the show "an in-house attempt at a newsy cult hit" and noted that "her meatiest segments were about government spying, and the Federal Reserve, and America's undeclared wars". Minkovski had complained about being characterized as if she was "Putin's girl in Washington" or as being

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The real-world repercussions of these objectives are identified through several forms of attack. The first is through disseminating official Russian state propaganda abroad via foreign language news channels as well as Western media. Most notable is the creation of the very successful

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cites Kiselyov to be a "central figure of the government propaganda supporting the deployment of Russian forces in Ukraine". Initially, Russian state-owned media outlets were not banned and continued to be available in the EU, with the exception of Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland. The

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that RT started to grow once it became provocative and that controversy was vital to the channel. She said that RT's task was not to polish Moscow's reputation. The news channel has also been criticized for its lack of objectivity in its coverage of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.

2739: 1563:. Includes programs hosted by British journalists. The channel offered five hours of programming per day, Monday to Thursday UK News at 6 pm, 7pm, 8pm, 9pm and 10 pm and simulcasted RT International at all other times. On Fridays there was no 10 pm UK News bulletin. 3378:

and possessed pictures of underage girls. RT also questioned Joe Biden's fitness for office and promoted unfounded rumors that he could only debate effectively with the use of headpieces and/or performance-enhancing drugs. Following the election, RT uncritically promoted Trump's

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publicize "real information, some open and some hacked" (i.e. stolen), along with "false reports" they've created. These are "amplified on social media, sometimes by computer bots that send out thousands of Facebook and Twitter messages." (Steven Erlanger, quoting U.S. agencies).

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Reliable figures for RT's worldwide audience were not available as of 2015. In the United States, RT typically pays cable and satellite services to carry its channel in subscriber packages. In 2011, RT was the second most-watched foreign news channel in the United States (after

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The propaganda apparatus proper consists of four means: media, social media, political communication and diplomacy, and covert active measures, all tied together in a coordinated manner. The main international media channel is the RT broadcaster and website, formerly known as

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in a year earlier were in breach of its code on accuracy and impartiality. The following November, RT was again found in breach of impartiality rules in relation to its coverage of the Syrian conflict. An August 2013 story concerning unverified reports of the killing of 450

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and responded to accusations of propaganda, stating "the charges of propaganda tend to pop up every time a news outlet, particularly RT, dares to show the side of events that does not fit the mainstream narrative, regardless of the realities on the ground. This happened in

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requested a nationwide ban of RT on 25 February 2022 in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, describing RT as "a dangerous source of disinformation that Gibraltar cannot accept on its networks". Television providers in Gibraltar agreed to suspend broadcasts of RT.

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Moscow is looking beyond the short-term, seeking to influence opinion in the long-run to create "an alternative discourse in Western countries as well," says Margarita Simonyan, editor in chief of Kremlin foreign broadcaster RT, formerly known as Russia Today, which owns

1828:) "create the fodder" used by "thousands of fake news propagators" and provide an outlet for material hacked from targets it wishes to harm in the service of Russian (government) interests. RT also serves to make friends with people "useful" to the Russian state, such as 6016: 2046:(presented as "human rights activists"). News from Russia is of secondary importance and such reports emphasize Russian modernisation and economic achievements, as well as Russian culture and natural landscapes, while downplaying Russia's social problems or corruption. 1637:

wrote that the Russian edition of RT "aggressively" promoted COVID-19 vaccination in Russia, calling anti-vaccination activists "imbeciles", while foreign RT channels were simultaneously promoting the same anti-vaccination misinformation that it criticized in Russia.

4536:(GEC) published a report titled "Kremlin-Funded Media: RT and Sputnik's Role in Russia's Disinformation and Propaganda Ecosystem." Its case studies included one on "false narratives" published by RT concerning the Russian military buildup on the Ukrainian border. 3501:

Russian journalist, former press secretary of the head of the UN Mission in South Africa, Yuri Sigov, wrote that when covering Canada, Russia Today presents information selectively. This is almost always negative information aimed at fulfilling political orders.

1043:, which published the page, described the blocking as "unprecedented discrimination", and said that Facebook did not ask other channels to declare their parent company and financial affiliations. As of February 2019, a majority of Maffick stock was controlled by 14967: 4056:

suggested the reason for this "wasn't his message of freedom and liberty but his non-interventionist stance and consistent criticism of U.S. foreign policy. His message fit RT's narrative that the United States is a huge bully." In a June 2011 broadcast of

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The RT website (as of March 2022), maintains that "since June 2012", RT has "consistently and significantly outperforms other foreign channels including Euronews and Fox News. RT's quarterly audience in the UK is 2.5 million viewers". However, according to

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RT's main news channel, covering international and regional news from a Russian perspective. It also includes commentary and documentary programs. Based in Moscow with a presence in Washington, New York, London, Paris, Delhi, Cairo and Baghdad and other

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Ruptly is a news agency created by Russian funded news channel RT in 2013 to rival Reuters and AP. Finally, it is very transparent about following the same agenda as RT: "Ruptly builds on and extends the core strengths and values of our parent company

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government's request. Its annual budget increased from approximately $ 80 million in 2007 to $ 380 million in 2011, but was reduced to $ 300 million in 2012. President Putin prohibited the reduction of funding for RT on 30 October 2012.

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magazine that contemporary Russian issues "such as the suppression of free speech and peaceful demonstrations, or the economic inefficiency and corrupt judiciary, are either ignored or their significance played down". In 2008, Stephen Heyman wrote in

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deference by the channel's journalists. Embedded video clips of appearances on Russia Today have become a regular feature on the websites of American conspiracy theorists, where they are brandished as a sign of credibility and mainstream recognition.

13399: 3797:, "Russia Today propaganda machine is no less destructive than military marching in Crimea". It was banned by the Radio and Television Commission of Lithuania on 8 July 2020. The decision of both Latvian and Lithuanian authorities was criticised by 772:

2009, when the Barack Obama administration came to office "promising a different approach toward Russia", as a time when RT became "more international and less anti-American", and "built a state-of-the-art studio and newsroom" in the U.S. capital

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The company left out the essential information in its job vacancy advertisements: Ruptly is the subsidiary of the Russian state-funded media company RT, formerly Russia Today. It's located in the same office as RT's German media branch, named RT

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stated: "Unfortunately, at the level of mass consciousness in the West, Russia is associated with three words: communism, snow and poverty", and added "we would like to present a more complete picture of life in our country". RT is funded by the

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about Wahl's and Martin's initial actions, saying that he "admire their outspokenness but, you know, at the end of the day, RT is a Russian propaganda arm, and I don't think it's going to matter very much to the geopolitical consequences here".

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In early 2010, RT unveiled an advertising campaign to promote its new "Question More" slogan. The campaign was created by Ketchum, GPlus, and London's Portland PR. One of the advertisements featured as part of the campaign showed U.S. President

4234:

The following November, RT was again found in breach of Ofcom's impartiality rules, this time in relation to its coverage of the Ukraine crisis, specifically events leading up to the annexation by Russia of Crimea. For repeated breaches of its

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article, Wahl stated: "For about two and a half years. I'd looked the other way as the network smeared America for the sake of making the Kremlin look better by comparison, while it sugarcoated atrocities by one brutal dictator after another."

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attack that temporarily disabled the websites of RT and other Russian government-controlled organizations. In March 2022, RT America closed and most of its staff ceased to work for the outlet. RT began selling merchandise emblazoned with the

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journalist Allesandra Stanley wrote that "practically speaking, Mr. Assange is in bed with the Kremlin, but on Tuesday's show he didn't put out" and that he "behaved surprisingly like a standard network interviewer". Douglas Lucas in

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sites used social-media accounts to amplify misleading stories already circulating online, causing news algorithms to identify them as "trending" topics that sometimes prompted coverage from mainstream American news organizations.

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chewed out by his boss, who maintained the belief that Russians saved Estonia. Any other descriptions of the events of 1945 were unacceptable assaults on Russia's integrity, apparently, so the boss demanded that he amend his text.

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briefing notes on the situation called RT "Russia's main international media weapon". The counter-propaganda strategy subsequently developed by the EastStratCom Task Force, a small group of eight officials, included launching the

11572: 12251: 10774: 15729: 12604: 7009: 5410: 658:, he saw RT as another "channel of young people who are inexperienced, but very enthusiastic about what they are doing". Shortly after the channel was launched, James Painter wrote that RT and similar news channels such as 4636:

announced additional sanctions against RT-affiliated entities and individuals, stating that in 2023 RT established a unit with "cyber operational capabilities and ties to Russian intelligence" as well as cooperation with

4448:'s final press conference as president of the United States. Current Time TV said that it had not sent any specific complaints to Facebook, and both RT and Current Now TV stated that they had obtained their feed from the 9884: 17191: 14951: 12652:"Sagarra Ángel, Josep María de; Soler Herreros, Chimo "El español en la Federación de Rusia: factor determinante en las relaciones con los países hispanohablantes". En: Iberoamérica, trimestral desde Moscú, n. 2 (2014)" 4127:

On 5 March 2014, RT Washington, D.C. bureau anchor Liz Wahl resigned on air, blaming RT for propaganda. Wahl stated that what "broke" her was that RT censored a question from her interview with Ron Paul about "Russia's

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described RT as being among "ten fringe publishers" that together were responsible for nearly 70 percent of Facebook user interactions with content that denied climate change. Facebook disputed the study's methodology.

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would host a new talk show on RT. King said in an advertisement on RT: "I would rather ask questions to people in positions of power, instead of speaking on their behalf." As part of the deal, King would also bring his

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Special Committee on Foreign Interference in all Democratic Processes in the European Union, including Disinformation (INGE) described RT as "actively engaging in disinformation activities" and highlighted that RT and

3991:, RT correspondent William Dunbar resigned after the network refused to let him report on Russian airstrikes of civilian targets, stating, "any issue where there is a Kremlin line, RT is sure to toe it". According to 3667:], and the lack of genuinely independent Russian media, this is a responsible decision." SBS suspended the aforementioned broadcasts on 25 February 2022. The RT channel was removed from Australian pay TV provider 1310:. Not all branches of RT have suffered declines since the war started. Interactions with the Arabic-language Facebook page "RT Online" grew 161.2% from 28 February to mid-March, "RT Play in Español" went up a 22.5%. 520:

formally banned RT and independent service providers in over 10 countries suspended broadcasts of RT. Social media websites followed by blocking external links to RT's website and restricting access to RT's content.

13845: 14507: 9199: 7835: 3461:) that the core of RT was "anti-Westernism". Julia Ioffe wrote: "Often, it seemed that Russia Today was just a way to stick it to the U.S. from behind the façade of legitimate newsgathering." Shaun Walker wrote in 1522:

RT America was based in RT's Washington, D.C. bureau, it included programs hosted by American journalists. The channel maintained a separate schedule of programs each weekday from 4:00 p.m. to 12:00 a.m.

14799: 12041: 4216:, RT rushed to blame others for the plane's shoot-down in Ukraine amid accusations by Ukrainian fighters of Russian involvement in the crash. Speaking of RT's coverage, Sarah Oates, professor of journalism at the 1297:

observed that Gab CEO Andrew Torba had given his support for Russia's invasion of Ukraine and Torba publicly supported RT, claiming that they are being subject to the same censorship as American conservatives "by

3035:, speaking after the launch of RT America, said: "Russia Today is an extension of the methods and approach of the state-controlled media inside Russia, applied in a bid to influence the American cable audience". 11758: 3946:

announced that Google will be "deranking" stories from RT and Sputnik in response to allegations about election meddling by President Putin's government, provoking an accusation of censorship from both outlets.

2738: 12348: 4195:, said they regretted working for the network, citing their dislike of the network's use of propaganda. Bivens, for example, was explicitly asked to go to Germany and procure a story proving that "Germany is a 1743:(BARB) has included RT in the viewer data it publishes since 2012. According to their data, approximately 2.5 million Britons watched RT during the third quarter of 2012, making it the third most-watched 12521: 12508: 12471: 9910: 3935:. Twitter in August 2020 began to identify RT, along with other Russian and Chinese media outlets, as "state-affiliated media" in a prominent place at the top of their accounts on the social media platform. 13391: 11032: 6489: 10516: 6449:

The analysis of Russian strategic narrative allows us to understand more clearly the logic in Russian propaganda found on English-language outlets such as RT and more effectively deter Russian information

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of false news, but both independent fact-checkers and the EU's European External Action Service East Stratcom Task Force have identified multiple instances where these sites have published disinformation.

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down by Ukraine in a failed attempt to assassinate Vladimir Putin, in a plot which was organised by Ukraine's "Western backers". (However Putin's flight route was hundreds of kilometres north of Ukraine.)

13123: 10003: 5912: 1047:, an RT subsidiary, with Naouai owning the remaining 49%. Facebook unblocked the page on 25 February 2019; Naouai said the company had agreed to do so once the page was updated to feature information on 8869: 1346:

In 2007, RT established offices in the same building as RIA Novosti, after the Russian Union of Journalists was forced to vacate them. In 2012, Anna Kachkayeva, Dean of Media Communications at Moscow's

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war, to sell itself as an impartial, objective media outlet in the USA. Overall, Russian propaganda involves a clash of political systems, which is more dangerous than the old-school Soviet propaganda.

14195: 10865: 9771: 3719: 3011:, called the newly announced network "another step of the state to control information". In a 2005 interview with U.S. government-owned external broadcaster Voice of America, Russian-Israeli blogger 2754:

According to Jesse Zwick, RT persuades "legitimate experts and journalists" to appear as guests by allowing them to speak at length on issues ignored by larger news outlets. It frequently interviews

1377:). On 31 December 2013, Margarita Simonyan, editor-in-chief of the RT news channel, was also appointed editor-in-chief of the new news agency while maintaining her duties for the television network. 1343:

State-owned RIA Novosti news agency, which founded RT in 2005, is one of the largest in Russia. Its former chairperson was Svetlana Mironyuk, who modernised the agency after being appointed in 2003.

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would ban RT and Sputnik (plus their subsidiaries) from operating in its 27 member countries. The ban resulted in RT being blocked on downstream television networks located outside EU, such as the

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stated that RT reported on the good job Putin was doing in the world and next to nothing on things like the conflict in Chechnya or the murder of government critics. According to a 2010 report by

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that you cannot trust the western media". It seems "dedicated to the proposition that after the notion of objectivity has evaporated, all stories are equally true." (Peter Pomerantsev, writing in

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About 80 percent of RT's costs are incurred outside Russia, paying partner networks around $ 260 million for the distribution of its channels in 2014. In 2014, RT received 11.87 billion

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On 19 January 2017, RT stated that it had been temporarily restricted from posting media on its Facebook page until 21 January, after the service said that RT had infringed on the copyrights of

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magazine observed that RT's programming, while sometimes interesting and unobjectionable, and sometimes "hard-edged", also presents "wild conspiracy theories" that can be regarded as "kooky".

10595: 8054: 3642: 3053:, haven't covered them at all. RT aggressively covered Occupy Wall Street early on while the rest of corporate US media were marginalizing from afar (for this effort, RT was nominated for an 1786:

Latin America is the second most significant area of influence for internet RT (rt.com). In 2013, RT ascended to the ranks of the 100 most watched websites in seven Latin American countries.

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In January 2015, Ofcom found RT (and the BBC) not in breach of rules on generally accepted standards following a complaint about the use of graphic imagery of bodies at the MH17 crash site.

15096: 8845: 8367: 8024: 18295:(as of 17 September 2024 withheld in AT, BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IT, LT, LU, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SE, SI, SK in response to a legal demand) 17059: 15295: 9653: 6952: 3330:'s Digital Forensic Research Lab found that four out of nine articles published in its first two weeks contained "inaccuracies and possible bias with irrelevant or insufficient evidence." 3315:; that "NATO planned to store nuclear weapons in Eastern Europe"; that Hillary Clinton fell ill; it has also on many occasions misrepresented or invented statements from European leaders. 18136: 17307: 11402: 10806: 9803: 2384: 12929: 10570: 10453: 6429: 3163:

warning domestic Russian audiences of the dangers of COVID-19 and the need for preventive measures, while saturating English, German, French, Spanish, and Arabic-language platforms with

709:

In August 2007, Russia Today became the first television channel to report live from the North Pole (with the report lasting five minutes and 41 seconds). An RT crew participated in the

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The channel was launched as Russia Today on 10 December 2005. At its launch, the channel employed 300 journalists, including approximately 70 from outside Russia. Russia Today appointed

21341: 5537:[List of systemically important institutions approved by the Government Commission on Sustainable Development of the Russian Economy] (in Russian). government.ru. Archived from 3122:

Normally giving reporters and presenters considerable latitude, and saving straight-up pro-Russian government "message control" (propaganda), for "highly sensitive issues", such as the

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Russia threatened to ban YouTube in September for deleting the RT channels, RT DE and Der Fehlende Part. The platform had banned the RT channels for breaking its policies on spreading

1400:), which was founded by Margarita Simonyan and few other RT associates. On 18 August 2021, RAMI RIA Novosti was liquidated and the ownership of ANO TV Novosti was transferred to ADIJ. 1362:

In December 2012, RT moved its production studios and headquarters to a new facility in Moscow. The move coincided with RT's upgrade of all of its English-language news programming to

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that there had previously been examples of senior editorial interference, and that she had been pulled out of Syria after some "very heated discussions" about the channel's coverage.

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writes that RT goes further than merely creating distrust of the United States government, to saying, in effect: "You can trust the Russians more than you can trust those bastards."

1922:

columnist Jesse Zwick wrote that one journalist told him that Minkovski is "probably the best interviewer on cable news". Benjamin R. Freed wrote in the avant-garde culture magazine

1879:, "Fringe opinion takes center stage" on RT. "Reporting is routinely bolstered by testimony from experts you have never heard of, representing institutions you have never heard of." 1620:

In 2015, RT's YouTube news channels were: RT (the main channel), RT America, RT Arabic, RT en Español, RT Deutsch, RT French, RT UK, RT на русском and the newly launched RT Chinese.

10037: 9848: 8241: 6227: 6059: 3380: 3341:. In 2017, the channel was involved in a fake news scandal about a 'Putin burger' it claimed was on the menu in a New York diner, to celebrate the birthday of the Russian president 14553:

about 17:30 local time an An-26 flew over the city. It was hit by a rocket, there was an explosion and the plane went to the ground, leaving a black smoke. Debris fell from the sky

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fighter and asked: "Is terror only inflicted by terrorists?" One of RT's 2010 billboard advertisements won the British Awards for National Newspaper Advertising "Ad of the Month".

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to distribute high-definition feeds of the channel in the United States, Latin America and Asia. In October 2012, RT's Rusiya Al-Yaum and RT joined the high-definition network

21781: 15151: 6749: 5532: 2790:, the leftist critic of Western policies are "favorites". RT also features little-known commentators including anarchists, anti-globalists and left-wing activists. Journalist 15681: 14890: 12878: 3076: 24252: 18470: 17221: 14126: 14093: 8208: 3498:

RT America has described journalists as "Russiagate conspiracy theorists" for covering Special Counsel Robert Mueller's report on Russian interference in the 2016 election.

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conducted a content analysis of FakeCheck and concluded it "mixes some legitimate debunks with other scantily sourced or dubiously framed 'fact checks.'" Ben Nimmo of the

24165:@RT_com has been withheld in AT, BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IT, LT, LU, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SE, SI, SK in response to a legal demand. 16908: 16619: 14791: 14334: 13231:

Crilley, Rhys; Gillespie, Marie; Willis, Alistair (5 October 2019). "Tweeting the Russian revolution: RT's #1917LIVE and social media re-enactments as public diplomacy".

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in 2015) Using a strategy of distributing fake stories in "high-volume and multichannel, rapid, continuous, and repetitive" manner, with no regard to consistency. This "

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Although videos and channels may appear in search results, the videos are unwatchable, with UK users given the message: "This channel is not available in your country".

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Observers have criticized the state-supported/controlled nature of RT as an instrument of propaganda. In 2005, Pascal Bonnamour, the head of the European department of

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page, saying that even though it does not require pages to disclose who funds them, it had suspended the page so viewers would not "be misled about who's behind them".

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rules, Ofcom put RT management "on notice that any future breaches of the due impartiality rules may result in further regulatory action, including consideration of a

2408: 2396: 869:, which RT had specified were the views of the author. McFaul then accepted an interview by Sophie Shevardnadze on RT on this and other issues and reasserted that the 14741:

Russia Today's second mission is to spread conspiracy theories that help Russian power and provide sensational audience-grabbing stories – in every sense of the word.

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allies to counter RT. RT was also accused of covertly fundraising to procure body armor, sniper rifles, and other equipment for Russian soldiers fighting in Ukraine.

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serve as a frequent source of pro-Kremlin disinformation both according to scholars, fact-checkers and Western authorities (BBC, 2019; Elliot, 2019; Thornton, 2015).

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RT has broadcast stories about microchips being implanted into office workers in the EU to make them more "submissive"; about the "majority" of Europeans supporting

13783: 13674: 9906: 9597: 9508: 5700: 2856: 21769: 21664: 11029: 8907: 3928: 15436: 14928: 13586: 13102: 12996: 12015: 10508: 9228: 8942: 8800: 6809: 5753: 1669:. Officially, Argentina wanted to devote RT's frequency to domestic broadcasts. RT was made available on the dominant Australian subscription television platform 1252:. After refusing to "urgently" consider the case on 30 March, the General Court dismissed the case on 27 July 2022, ruling that the ban against RT was justified. 814:, called for more money to invest in the programs because "We can't allow ourselves to be out-communicated by our enemies", specifically mentioning Russia Today, 22218: 17712: 12955: 12903: 11178: 10627: 8677: 7663: 6667: 5346: 3770:– At the end of June 2020, after new amendments to the Law on Electronic Media were made, seven RT channels were banned in Latvia for being under the control of 1306:

regime". Torba also falsely claimed that Gab is "the one place on the internet where you can find RT News" when RT also has a presence on video sharing platform

1234: 12454: 12087: 10764: 9995: 9257: 7991: 7921: 7303: 5902: 4014:". Julia Ioffe wrote that an RT journalist whose reporting deviated from "the Kremlin line that Georgians were slaughtering unarmed Ossetians" was reprimanded. 3083:

as an unreliable source of information, with consensus being that it is "a mouthpiece of the Russian government that engages in propaganda and disinformation."

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analysed RT's popularity and concluded that "it's not very good at its job" as "Moscow's propaganda arm" due to its relative unpopularity. RT has disputed both

598:(or "Autonomous Non-profit Organization TV-News") to serve as the parent organization for RT. ANO TV-Novosti was registered on 6 April 2005, and Sergey Frolov ( 24192: 21829: 16699: 15408: 13999: 13522: 10390: 8873: 4751: 19985: 10889: 10099: 7957: 5173: 22438: 22366: 22186: 21818: 21775: 21084: 19827: 16537: 14152: 12432: 10855: 10129: 9943: 9554: 8557: 4955: 377:

directed to audiences outside of Russia, as well as providing Internet content in Russian, English, Spanish, French, German, Arabic, Portuguese and Serbian.

23605: 19300: 13486: 8741: 7232: 6716: 6135: 22432: 22196: 21797: 21099: 17416: 16104: 15879: 13468: 11526: 9623: 5826: 3704: 2454: 1416:($ 310 million) in government funding and was expected to receive 15.38 billion rubles ($ 400 million) in 2015. (For comparison, the bigger 15380: 13544: 12691: 12062: 24197: 22963: 22910: 22530: 22283: 22244: 22105: 22099: 22093: 21850: 21802: 17656: 13937: 13201: 10674: 10324: 9767: 5787: 5717:

Ruptly, a subsidiary of RT that specializes in video, has 230,000 likes on Facebook, 52,000 Twitter followers, and 304,000 YouTube subscribers in the UK.

1945:

asked: "since when does Russia Today defend the policies of any American president? Or the informational needs of the American public, for that matter?"

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public show of a personal decision, it is nothing more than a self-promotional stunt. We wish Liz the best of luck on her chosen path". In a March 2014

2815:. She wrote that in attempting to offer "an alternate point of view, it is forced to talk to marginal, offensive, and often irrelevant figures". A 2010 447:

has repeatedly found RT to have breached its rules on impartiality, including multiple instances in which RT broadcast "materially misleading" content.

22177: 21872: 21844: 21834: 21786: 21643: 17740: 15975: 14641: 13900: 12658: 10357: 10258: 5450: 3027:) described RT's advertising campaign in the United Kingdom as an "ambitious attempt to create a new post-Soviet global propaganda empire". In Russia, 15265: 11053: 7532: 6389:

exploit weak spots and controversial topics (in our case migration to the EU) and use them to harm integrity of the West (Pomerantsev and Weiss 2014).

4579:, on 24 February after receiving public criticism following the invasion. A number of British journalists based both in RT's offices in Moscow and at 1023:

reversed its decision in January 2017, said it had reached a resolution with RT. Simonyan said the decision showed that "common sense has prevailed".

22371: 22201: 21366: 21321: 20165: 18463: 15577:"Concerning restrictive measures in respect of actions undermining or threatening the territorial integrity, sovereignty and independence of Ukraine" 12579: 4223:

Sara Firth, a London-based correspondent with RT resigned in protest over the network's coverage of the MH17 disaster. Shortly before resigning, she

3061: 2467: 18035: 17276: 16818: 10585: 9310: 8046: 6185: 4452:. The restriction was removed after about 20 hours, and Facebook did not say officially if this was because of a technical error or a policy issue. 3194:

launched from the separatist-controlled territory, and American, German, Dutch and Australia investigations held Russia responsible. Russian media (

1335:

On September 16, 2024, Meta announced that it would ban RT from its platforms, including Facebook and Instagram, for foreign interference activity.

23991: 23714: 22887: 22386: 22087: 22058: 22035: 21104: 19812: 17085: 15596: 14664: 13641: 11930: 3383:, and Moore and Colley noted that in its coverage of the electoral process, RT claimed that the process was "dysfunctional, fraudulent or futile". 588: 17394: 15791: 15086: 11306: 8842: 8014: 6588: 3031:, former advisor to Vladimir Putin, has called the channel "the best Russian propaganda machine targeted at the outside world". Chess grandmaster 24272: 24267: 23244: 22401: 22075: 21791: 21336: 19945: 17925: 11271: 10069: 9645: 8482: 6915: 4342:

for International Leadership, suggested that Western countries freeze RT's assets "not because of the odious things it spews" but as part of the

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television news channel to reach 1 billion views on YouTube. In 2014, its main (English) channel was reported have 1.4 million subscribers.

18146: 14604: 12807: 12378: 11392: 10796: 10315:"Apple shares statement on Russian invasion of Ukraine, company pauses all product sales and pulls RT News and Sputnik News apps from App Store" 10287: 9793: 9008: 7769: 5655: 3561:

to prevent COVID-19, while advocating against virus-prevention measures on its English, German, French, Spanish, and Arabic-language platforms.

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have observed that RT employs Tony Gosling, an exponent of long-discredited conspiracy theories concerning the alleged control of the world by

2184: 489: 16202: 15820: 13814: 11369: 10832: 9163: 3495:. Cohen states that despite the pro-Kremlin slant, "any intelligent viewer can sort this out. I doubt that many idiots find their way to RT". 1935:

was "not on the side of America. And the fact that my channel is more honest with the American people is something you should be ashamed of",

787:

and asked: "Who poses the greatest nuclear threat?" The ad was banned in American airports. Another showed a Western soldier "merging" with a

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Among the complaints of RT are the quality of its journalism and general production of "propaganda and disinformation". Graduate students at

2932: 16929: 14720: 13976: 13120:"Final Episode: East Coast Quake, Libya Rebellion, You The Viewer, Teachers & Social Media, Net Neutrality, Media Blackout on Ron Paul?" 12734: 8302: 4069:

charging a political contribution had been made by a foreign corporation. Kokesh said his cancellation in August was related to Paul's aide

23763: 23659: 22782: 22696: 22553: 19526: 18456: 13697: 11624: 10539: 9840: 8408: 7629: 6049: 2820: 2548:

RT's current on-air staff includes 25 people from RT News, and eight from RT UK. Notable members of RT's current and former staff include:

16223: 14860: 13730: 12006:"The two faces of RT's coronavirus propaganda When it comes to Russia Today and the pandemic, coverage at home and abroad is worlds apart" 10029: 9213:

make it, we have complete editorial control, we believe that all media organisations have an angle, all media organisations have an issue.

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network on the same day. YouTube, on 1 March, banned access to all RT and Sputnik channels on its platform in Europe (including Britain).

22565: 22559: 22396: 22206: 19292: 15464: 14220: 12629: 10707: 10412: 8968: 5298: 4909: 4437:, its signal was "mistakenly routed onto the primary encoder feeding C-SPAN1's signal to the internet, rather than to an unused backup". 4357:

In July 2016, Ofcom again found RT in breach of its impartiality rules, this time over coverage of the Turkish government's treatment of

1732:), and the number one foreign network in five major U.S. urban areas in 2012. It also rated well among younger Americans under 35 and in 392:. RT operates as a multilingual service with channels in five languages: the original English-language channel was launched in 2005, the 21114: 19305: 14996: 14754: 11565:[RT remained the leader in terms of state funding among the media. In 2022, the channel will receive almost 29 billion rubles]. 11322:

Lenizadt estimates the 2012 Russian Federal Budget at 11 billion rubles to RT's parent company ANO TV-Novosti. Darya Fazletdinova,

9362: 9107: 8822: 8712: 5534:Перечень системообразующих организаций, утвержденный Правительственной комиссией по повышению устойчивости развития российской экономики 3724: 380:

RT is a brand of TV-Novosti - self-named an "autonomous non-profit organization" (ANO) - founded by the Russian state-owned news agency

22751: 22191: 22172: 22149: 22144: 21860: 21807: 20064: 19257: 18768: 18048: 14636:["The attempt on Putin", "How much compensation will pay Ukrainians" and changes in Knowledge. Moscow's propaganda offensive]. 14251: 13140: 10750: 9460: 7893: 7681: 4712: 3399:, RT journalists have said that coverage of sensitive issues in Russia is allowed, but direct criticism of Vladimir Putin or President 2474: 16020: 15349: 14030: 13868: 12114: 8599: 6837: 5934: 5242:

Al-Rawi, Ahmed (12 February 2021). "How did Russian and Iranian trolls' disinformation toward Canadian issues diverge and converge?".

4405:

In December 2016, Ofcom found RT in breach of its impartiality rules for the 10th time since the English-language channel launched. A

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by traditional media outlets (White, 2017), generating a consequent increase in distrust for traditional journalism (Siddique, 2018).

6485: 6415: 5621: 5510: 4317:, they stated that the Ukrainian government was deliberately bombing civilians and had murdered and tortured journalists, as well as 2853:, the Israeli peace activist who has called the peace process "a process of apartheid & colonization" is a frequent guest on RT. 2077:

The #1917Live project had multimedia social plug-ins, such as Periscope live streaming, as well as virtual reality panoramic videos.

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news sources Russia Today (RT) and Sputnik reported that Macron was secretly gay, and that he was backed by a "very rich gay lobby."

4616:

In September 2024, the United States indicted two RT employees in New York and imposed sanctions on RT executives. Attorney General

3038:

Others have commended its promotion and discussion of issues ignored or just not given enough time by the mainstream news media. In

435:. Academics, fact-checkers, and news reporters (including some current and former RT reporters) have identified RT as a purveyor of 24262: 23556: 22792: 21326: 21094: 19027: 18990: 18724: 15689: 15242: 14882: 12874: 12713: 11013: 8269: 6017:"With a mix of covert disinformation and blatant propaganda, foreign adversaries bear down on final phase of presidential campaign" 4629: 4374: 3360: 3171:

plausible) explanation". An example being Russian media explanations for killing of 283 passengers and 15 crew from the downing of

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blocked new outgoing links to RT and Sputnik on 3 March. On 11 March, YouTube blocked RT and Sputnik worldwide. From 16 March, the

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Academics, fact-checkers, and news reporters (including some current and former RT reporters) have identified RT as a purveyor of

3099:

politics. They also noted: "Its content selection, partisan framing and vernacular style is similar to right-wing US outlets like

1824:, a large audience rating is not RT's principal goal. Their campaigns are "for financial, political and media influence." RT (and 24257: 23768: 23477: 22837: 19998: 19857: 19724: 19471: 19072: 18714: 18709: 17369: 17033: 15945: 15187: 12314: 12274: 11818: 11494: 11339: 11313:, New Eastern Europe website, 9 July 2012, originally published in New Eastern Europe: New Europe, Old Problems No. 3 (IV), 2012. 10641: 8139: 6639: 5563: 3558: 3368: 3153:

Pushing different themes in different countries, which are often contradictory but all serve the Russian government's interests:

2004:

wrote that RT presenting the Julian Assange show led to "a predictable wave of snide, smug attacks from American media figures".

1763:, and viewing figures dropped to about 2.1 million by the end of 2013. For comparison, it had marginally fewer viewers than 1369:

In 2013, a presidential decree issued by Vladimir Putin dissolved RIA Novosti, replacing it with a new information agency called

19350: 16716: 16578: 15976:"Baltic countries: Misusing EU sanctions to ban Russian TV channels is not a legitimate tool for promoting reliable information" 14402: 12843: 11788: 11117: 10215: 10151: 9736: 9379: 9348: 8772: 8529: 8106: 7655: 7065: 5800: 3611:

are pushing local broadcasters in Europe off from the market thanks to massive funding from Russian Federation. Editor-in-chief

3000:" are "for the UK and USA". In 2012, she stated that RT waged "an information war ... with the entire Western world" during the 650:, many new young journalists were hired, resulting in a much younger pool of staffers than other news organizations. Journalist 24232: 24187: 23901: 23178: 22827: 21866: 21597: 18320: 16905: 16616: 15581: 14326: 14289: 11323: 8344: 7044: 5140: 5004: 3834: 1249: 17961: 17623: 16867: 16604: 14697: 11472: 11230: 11208: 11147: 10911: 9578: 9533: 7092: 3348:

When caught publishing false information, RT has frequently deleted the material from their site and made no further comment.

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the sake of pushing a pro-Kremlin line", according to Casey Michel, who worked on the project. The results were compiled in a

2975:

ODNI Statement on Declassified Intelligence Community Assessment of Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent U.S. Elections

2795:'historian' who claims that the CIA is testing dangerous drugs on unwitting civilians", and RT's asking for commentary on the 24277: 24222: 21163: 19476: 12484: 10476: 9676: 9282: 7493: 7439: 6352: 6288: 6213: 6098: 5694: 5311: 4771: 4494: 3623:

breakaway states. On 27 February 2022, the EU banned RT and Sputnik from broadcasting in its member countries, following the

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In October 2017, Twitter banned both RT and Sputnik from advertising on their social networking service amid accusations of

3240:

said that RT "uses a chaotic mixture of conspiracy theories and crude propaganda", pointing to a program that "mutated" the

1159:

impartiality requirements in the broadcast code. On 2 March, the regulation was published which meant the ban was in force.

19935: 19867: 19817: 19734: 18570: 15711: 15526: 13268:"Regime legitimation, not nation-building: Media commemoration of the 1917 revolutions in Russia's neo-authoritarian state" 13173: 13081: 10971: 10182: 8448: 6775: 5973:"Emilia Seikkanen Worked in a Trendy Video Start-Up in Berlin – Tells All about the Kremlin's Global Information Operation" 5506: 5480: 4049: 3932: 3730: 2693: 910:

attack. Some people linked the attack to RT's connection with Assange, and others to an impending court verdict related to

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said: "But if you're going to engage in propaganda, you have to do it well. They have completely embarrassed themselves."

24247: 24227: 22832: 22822: 20515: 19910: 19688: 19379: 19077: 18873: 18226: 16005: 15654: 13664: 9594: 9505: 8507: 5887:[Two stringers of the Ruptly video agency were detained in Minsk, the owner of the service, RT TV channel, said.] 4475: 3874: 3816: 3300: 2824: 1532: 922: 474: 18196: 18106: 16517: 16148: 9768:"Russia's RT attacks Facebook for suspending 4 viral news channels that broadcast Kremlin talking points to millennials" 9225: 9085: 8904: 4736:

August 2016 – Fourth nomination for an International Emmy Award for its coverage of the 70th anniversary session of the

4661:

June 2007 – The 11th "Save and Preserve" International Environmental Television Festival awarded its Grand Prix to RT's

4354:

making audience members much more likely to ascribe credibility to the misinformation these sources are disseminating".

3075:

article that sharp ethical and reporting skills are not required for Russian media employees, including RT. RT has been

21284: 20596: 20210: 19965: 19668: 19658: 19491: 19224: 18898: 18883: 18620: 16674: 15576: 15503: 13777: 13769: 13578: 12988: 12215: 12005: 11602: 8934: 8797: 7522: 7040:"The Role of Beliefs and Behavior on Facebook: A Semiotic Approach to Algorithms, Fake News, and Transmedia Journalism" 5730: 4872: 4583:'s now-disbanded offices in London resigned from the network in response to its coverage of the invasion; according to 4429:

On 12 January 2017, RT was accidentally broadcast for around 10 minutes on a web stream of U.S. public affairs service

3537: 3334: 1836: 850: 19194: 19007: 12900: 12244:"How many people really watch or read RT, anyway? It's hard to tell, but some of their social numbers are eye-popping" 12083: 11170: 10617: 8669: 6801: 2960: 1661:, Argentina's State Media Authorities decided to suspend RT on 11 June 2016, along with Venezuelan television channel 682: 23012: 21058: 20074: 19980: 19739: 19417: 18647: 17630: 15766: 15296:"YouTube recommended a Russian media site thousands of times for analysis of Mueller's report, a watchdog group says" 13306: 11238: 11231:"GEC Special Report. Kremlin-Funded Media: RT and Sputnik's role in Russia's Disinformation and Propaganda Ecosystem" 9879: 9446:, Published: 27 October 2012; Edited: 3 November 2012; note that the debate was postponed from 30 October because of 9254: 7983: 7861: 7258: 6241:

make it impossible for people in the society subject to the propagandist's intervention to tell truth from non-truth.

4690:

January 2009 – Silver World Medal from the New York Festivals, for Best News Documentary "A city of desolate mothers"

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out of line for lecturing Russia". Zwick also wrote that RT provided a "disproportionate amount of time" to covering

3916: 1071: 930: 18080: 14912: 14007: 13518: 12451: 10380: 7727: 5102:"State, media and civil society in the information warfare over Ukraine: citizen curators of digital disinformation" 1150:

announced they would no longer offer RT in their channel lineups (although Rogers replaced its RT broadcasts with a

24040: 23664: 22953: 22948: 21752: 20049: 19950: 19749: 19310: 19244: 16541: 13032: 10933: 10879: 10091: 7947: 6967: 6551: 5210: 4589:, four have "publicly announced their resignation, while others are said to have quietly left RT's London bureau". 4544: 4483: 4282:

In September 2015, Ofcom found RT in breach of the impartiality rules in its coverage of the events in Ukraine and

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A 24-hour documentary channel. The bulk of its programming consists of RT-produced documentaries related to Russia.

1256: 1218: 938: 831: 16881: 16331: 15747: 15212: 13369: 11091: 10121: 9935: 9550: 8574: 7222: 5872: 4947: 4254: 21356: 19930: 19900: 19872: 19837: 19787: 19777: 19442: 18928: 18605: 17442: 16843: 16278: 14502: 12429: 12066: 11563:"RT остался лидером по объемам госфинансирования среди СМИ. В 2022 году канал получит почти 29 миллиардов рублей" 9875:"As Trump's impeachment trial begins, the Russian network that helped him in 2016 taps his supporters on Gab.com" 9798: 9137: 8738: 8340: 6706: 6152: 5307: 5109: 4737: 4479: 4460: 4441: 3888:

had referred to RT as a state-sponsored "propaganda bullhorn" and he continued by saying, "Russia Today [

3878: 3375: 3087: 1658: 1646: 1536: 799: 478: 20036: 12683: 9615: 24282: 24202: 22928: 22923: 21210: 20418: 20413: 20408: 20054: 19719: 18970: 16075: 16047: 12730: 6932: 6401:

Oates, Sarah; Steiner, Sean (17 December 2018). "Projecting Power: Understanding Russian Strategic Narrative".

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Langdon, Kate C.; Tismaneanu, Vladimir (9 July 2019). "Russian Foreign Policy: Freedom for Whom, to Do What?".

5982: 4756: 3488: 1851:) who was paid "a reported $ 40,000 to come to RT's anniversary celebration in Moscow and sit near Mr. Putin." 1844: 1245: 1088: 17: 13927: 13446: 13432: 10314: 3261:

accused the channel of consciously spreading conspiracy theories and of being a "prostitution of journalism".

2713: 1593:

The sharp decline in the ruble at the end of 2014 forced RT to postpone German- and French-language channels.

857:

challenged Margarita Simonyan on Twitter about allegations from RT that he had sent Russian opposition figure

690: 23429: 23423: 22958: 21277: 20941: 20126: 19407: 19389: 19234: 18729: 18590: 18265: 17797:"Russia Today hit by resignation of several UK-based journalists within hours of Putin's invasion of Ukraine" 16656: 15182: 12400: 11636: 7897: 7804: 7194: 4730: 4638: 4597: 4505:

German journalist Daniel Lange employed by RT DE left the station in protest against its operation to spy on

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of the United States. On 5 November, RT broadcast the two candidates that were voted winners of that debate,

384:

in April 2005. During the economic crisis in December 2008, the Russian government, headed by Prime Minister

17572: 15122: 15063: 14632: 14539: 13904: 12651: 12175: 10347: 10248: 6471:

Orttung, Robert; Nelson, Elizabeth; Livshen, Anthony (8 December 2015). "Measuring RT's impact on YouTube".

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summit which concluded that action was needed to "challenge Russia's ongoing disinformation campaigns", the

4191:

Former RT Moscow anchor Staci Bivens, and other former RT journalists speaking under anonymity according to

1332:

On August 9, 2024 the broadcast and other equipment from the RT studio in Washington DC were auctioned off.

1213:

announced the removal of RT from the Antel TV streaming platform. New Zealand satellite television provider

706:

in 2009, RT America – which focuses on the United States – in 2010, and the RT Documentary channel in 2011.

23895: 23782: 23532: 23238: 23005: 20702: 19960: 19797: 19556: 19531: 19461: 18858: 18803: 18625: 17162: 16778: 14633:"'Zamach na Putina', 'Ile odszkodowań zapłacą Ukraińcy' i zmiany w Wikipedii. Ofensywa propagandowa Moskwy" 14060: 13702: 12569: 4566: 4562: 4493:

ruled that seven programmes broadcast by RT between 17 March and 26 April of that year, in the wake of the

4486:, which stated: "We're uncomfortable with governments deciding what constitutes journalism or propaganda". 4463:

of the Russian government. Margarita Simonyan, RT's editor-in-chief, condemned the action as an assault on

4434: 4204: 3652: 3620: 3616: 2779: 976: 768: 458: 16216: 14031:"'Propaganda Bullhorn' Or 'Alternative Perspective'? U.S. Students Put Kremlin-Funded RT Under Microscope" 11661: 8321: 8283: 4803:, Stephen Heyman estimated that more than $ 100 million had been spent on the station as of May 2008. 3790: 3553:

for its viewers in Russia, RT's coverage of the pandemic for its international viewers was saturated with

2920:, has repeatedly appeared on RT to represent the German point of view. RT News has also frequently hosted 24207: 21697: 21425: 21231: 20581: 20069: 19772: 19176: 18997: 18751: 18659: 18543: 18480: 17222:"Washington Post Disgracefully Promotes a McCarthyite Blacklist From a New, Hidden, and Very Shady Group" 13633: 12001: 9307: 7274: 6524: 4766: 4510: 4474:

On 13 November 2017, RT America officially registered as a "foreign agent" in the United States with the

4213: 4066: 3371:'s unfounded claims that Biden was the head of a "crime family", as well as allegations that Biden's son 3176: 3172: 2838:

article stated that RT has a penchant "for off-beat stories and conspiracy theories". RT Editor-in-Chief

2816: 2498: 2442: 1840: 1623:

The German service (RT DE) was removed from YouTube in September 2021 for breaking the websites rules on

509: 432: 20640: 20059: 18938: 16365: 15606: 14672: 11693: 4482:. Under the act, RT will be required to disclose financial information. This move was criticized by the 2786:

who are critical of United States foreign and civil liberties policies. Julian Assange of WikiLeaks and

1173:

made RT's and Sputnik's social media content unavailable to users in the European Union on 28 February.

22673: 21331: 20616: 20611: 19486: 18921: 18903: 18313: 14311: 13339: 12774: 11436: 11303: 9825: 9380:

Third-Party Debate To Be Broadcast By Al Jazeera English, RT America, But Not Major Cable News Networks

6578: 5503:"Archive of the official site of the 2008–2012 Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin" 4600:

attack on the network's website, in support of Ukraine in its fight against Russia. The following day,

4456: 4302: 3649: 3645: 3195: 3119:

his 2021 book on tactics used by authoritarian regimes to construct a positive image of their regimes).

2893: 1937: 1813: 1363: 1348: 870: 162: 19862: 18548: 18170:"Ukraine crisis: Putin awards pro-Kremlin journalists medals for their 'objective coverage' of Crimea" 16812: 11908: 11268: 10059: 8479: 4704:

August 2012 – Second nomination for an International Emmy Award for its coverage of the international

4608:, temporarily barred RT from receiving any financial return from their ads on their YouTube platform. 1354: 1054:

s funding and management. She added that this requirement has been applied to no other Facebook page.

22938: 22918: 22686: 21156: 20742: 20425: 20333: 20328: 19551: 19454: 19252: 18950: 16996: 15979: 14360: 13932: 12370: 11878: 11848: 9000: 7759: 5783:"Tech Tock...: Time is Running Out to Find Solutions to Mis- and Disinformation and Privacy Problems" 5686: 5647: 4776: 3798: 3448: 3040: 3020: 3008: 2176: 20886: 9996:"Russian news channel RT unavailable on StarHub, Singtel due to transmission disruption 'at source'" 9159: 4547:, with some attributing their departures to the Russian government's prohibition of using the word " 3345:. The 'Putin burger' story was quickly exposed as a fabrication, and RT removed it from their site. 1098:. Field commented that RT had posted several articles on its Gab account, including one criticizing 826:(CCTV) in the following sentence. He later explained that he actually was referring to "enemies" in 416:(2014–2022) and other regional channels also produce local content. RT is the parent company of the 24182: 23883: 23471: 23232: 22933: 22812: 21702: 21621: 21577: 21501: 21496: 21405: 20980: 20975: 20861: 20633: 20628: 20026: 19940: 19920: 19767: 19437: 19345: 19325: 18943: 18848: 18684: 18585: 18528: 15730:"Foxtel strips Russia Today from its platforms over concern of its content on the Ukraine invasion" 13806: 10828: 7764: 7353: 7318: 6627: 4694: 4593: 4533: 4468: 4306:, had faked a parts of a report on a chemical weapon attack in Syria were "materially misleading". 4103: 3356: 3312: 3108: 3095: 2956: 1482:

Based in Moscow and broadcast 24/7. Programmes include news, feature programming and documentaries.

1293:'s video sharing platform Gab TV, which describes itself as a "free speech broadcasting platform." 1260: 838: 823: 647: 37: 23310: 21089: 17767: 15552: 11527:"Госфинансирование RT и МИА «Россия сегодня» будет увеличено на 1,4 и 1,7 млрд рублей в 2022 году" 10765:"Ukraine urges global ban of Russia's RT after presenter calls for drowning of Ukrainian children" 9714: 7668:

OFCOM, the British broadcast regulator, has repeatedly singled out RT for its lack of impartiality

6260: 3156:

presenting itself as a liberal alternative in the United States, but as the flagship of resurgent

24046: 23587: 23581: 22847: 20931: 20911: 19638: 19615: 18821: 18672: 18565: 17624:"Kremlin-Funded Media: RT and Sputnik's Role in Russia's Disinformation and Propaganda Ecosystem" 16298: 14117:"How the Russian Invasion of Ukraine Is Playing Out on English, Ukrainian, and Russian Knowledge" 13960: 11365: 8368:"Jesse Ventura's new Russian state TV show: 'I am working for the enemy of mainstream media now'" 7485: 7362: 6356: 6195: 5885:Двух стрингеров видеоагентства Ruptly задержали в Минске, сообщил владелец сервиса, телеканал RT. 5741: 5118: 4982:

File:ANO TV-Novosti (Federal Tax Service of Russia, Unified State Register of Legal Entities).pdf

4557: 4517: 3554: 3422: 3241: 3164: 2812: 2532: 666:

saw themselves as "counter-hegemonic", offering a differing vision and news content from that of

605: 469:, and with the entire Western world". In September 2017, RT America was ordered to register as a 16129: 6255: 4552: 3414:

that in RT's Russia, "corruption is not quite a scourge but a symptom of a developing economy".

2537: 24058: 23060: 22536: 21758: 21130: 20386: 20203: 19802: 19693: 18746: 18719: 18558: 18533: 14852: 14665:"Here's The Ridiculous Way Russia's Propaganda Channel Is Covering The Malaysia Airlines Crash" 10385: 6090: 5796: 5358: 4227:, "RT style guide Rule 1: It is ALWAYS * Ukraine's fault (* add name as applicable)". She told 4217: 3988: 3709: 3191: 2486: 2300: 906:

relationship with RT might not have been so comfortable. In August of that year, RT suffered a

745: 538: 18667: 16814:

Here's The Ridiculous Way Russia's Propaganda Channel Is Covering The Downed Malaysia Airliner

15629:"INGE Consolidated Draft Report | Highlights | Home | INGE | Committees | European Parliament" 12401:"Fact check for dummies: Teaching Washington Post & Co how to do journalism one last time" 9936:"EU closes airspace to Russian planes, bans Russian media outlets and pledges arms to Ukraine" 3475:

that RT is "like the Voice of America, only with more money and a zesty anti-American slant".

23653: 22777: 21687: 21420: 21346: 21217: 20921: 20340: 19852: 19501: 19402: 19282: 18448: 18306: 17998:"US hits Russian state media with sanctions for raising money for Moscow's troops in Ukraine" 16761: 15930: 13763: 13669: 12621: 12110: 7423: 5679: 4575: 3920: 3608: 3427: 3405: 3143: 2936: 2909: 2796: 1825: 1803:

YouTube account had "roughly 4.65 million followers in English and 5.94 million in Spanish".

1748: 1699: 1186: 1139: 1134:

as they were dependent on EU companies for the signal feed to RT. Canadian telecom companies

537:

removed the RT app from all countries except for Russia. However, RT content continues to be

23544: 19698: 18702: 18055: 15946:"Estonia Confronts Propaganda: Russia Manipulates Media in Pursuit of Psychological Warfare" 10740: 7415: 7410: 6264: 6082: 5678: 3970:

hypocrisy to advocate for freedom of press while banning inconvenient voices and slandering

1811:

RT has some effect on viewers' political opinions, according to a 2021 study in the journal

24004: 23641: 23575: 23435: 23066: 23054: 22979: 21669: 21300: 21149: 20008: 20003: 19561: 19449: 18788: 18508: 13878: 12717: 12371:"Exposing Daily Beast propaganda: 10 RT political virals the YouTube MSM can only dream of" 10679: 9265: 8591: 8140:"Here's which tech companies have—and haven't—banned Russia's state-sponsored RT media app" 7125: 6990: 6923: 6481: 6411: 6054: 5903:"What is Ruptly? Julian Assange arrest video footage raises eyebrows about RT-owned outlet" 5097: 4296: 3924:

Margarita Simonyan characterized Macron's remarks on RT as an attack on freedom of speech.

3521: 2916:

has stated that he has appeared on RT "probably 100 times or more". Manuel Ochsenreiter, a

2031: 1848: 1780: 1724:

engagements on Facebook" December 2021-January 2022, (according to this CrowdTangle data).

1624: 1321:

In September and October 2022, RT launched RT Hindi and RT Balkan, to expand its audience.

1290: 1119: 1103: 1076: 967:

to RT. On 13 June 2013, RT aired a preview telecast of King's new Thursday evening program

20732: 20727: 20722: 19975: 19320: 15357: 11113: 9436: 8978: 5607: 5502: 865:. According to RT, McFaul was referring to a comment in an article by political scientist 837:

stated that the U.S. was "losing the information war" abroad to foreign channels like RT,

8: 23818: 23028: 22797: 22420: 21712: 21491: 21054: 20946: 20697: 20645: 19887: 19571: 19262: 18985: 18783: 18523: 17468: 17277:"Media watchdog calls in Kremlin-backed news channel RT over impartiality breach on Nato" 15852: 15601: 15469: 14616: 14469: 14160: 10949:", IPR Strategic Business Information Database, 4 February 2003. Retrieved 29 March 2010. 10622: 10220: 9053: 8870:"Sec. of State Hillary Clinton: Al Jazeera is 'Real News', U.S. Losing 'Information War'" 8372: 8111: 7053: 6360: 6204: 6021: 5190: 5174:"How can European states respond to Russian information warfare? An analytical framework" 5079: 4724: 4271: 4116: 4021: 3899: 3838: 3603: 3286: 3219: 3080: 2861: 2507: 2479: 2413: 2156: 2103: 2000:

wrote that the RT deal "may just be a profitable way for him to get a gigantic retweet".

1900: 1704: 1269: 1135: 1099: 993: 784: 654:(who has appeared as a guest on RT) stated that, having been part of the launch staff at 633:

as its editor-in-chief; she recruited foreign journalists as presenters and consultants.

616: 440: 21948: 16556: 16463: 14153:"Two International Propaganda Models: Comparing RT and CGTN's 2020 US Election Coverage" 11340:"Putin forbids funding cuts to state-run media outlets – Gazeta. Ru – English news blog" 8266: 6191:

Network Propaganda: Manipulation, Disinformation and Radicalization in American Politics

6085:

Putin's Totalitarian Democracy: Ideology, Myth, and Violence in the Twenty-First Century

5403:"In case you weren't clear on Russia Today's relationship to Moscow, Putin clears it up" 3819:

banned RT in Poland on 24 February 2022 in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

2653: 23914: 23334: 23108: 22681: 22163: 21627: 21430: 21385: 21351: 20936: 20891: 20355: 20350: 20263: 20258: 19135: 18739: 17544: 17253: 16522: 16179:"Russia's Propaganda Channel Just Got A Journalism Lesson From The US State Department" 15901:

Gelzis, Gederts; Marrow, Alexander; Devitt, Polina (30 June 2020). Fulton, Colm (ed.).

15659: 14596: 14409: 14187: 13298: 13248: 12799: 10509:"YouTube blocks Russian state-funded media, including RT and Sputnik, around the world" 10481: 10025: 9965: 9485: 9119: 8639: 8491: 7659: 7599: 7295: 7093:"Russia's Propaganda Channel Just Got A Journalism Lesson From The US State Department" 6944: 6631: 6541: 6337: 6272: 5792: 5617: 5354: 5271: 5251: 5225: 5202: 5064: 5035: 4729:

August 2014 – Third nomination for an International Emmy Award for its coverage of the

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breakaway states immediately preceding the invasion. Former First Minister of Scotland

4417: 4394: 4015: 3993: 3612: 3468: 3458: 3188: 3180: 3123: 3001: 2921: 2839: 2835: 2071: 2039: 1833: 1760: 1694: 1381: 1084: 642: 630: 623: 567: 462: 454: 374: 363: 141: 20108: 18553: 18279: 16004:[Russian programs removed from the distributed program registry] (in Polish). 15177: 11810: 11347: 5575: 4258:

President Putin with Margarita Simonyan in front of RT's "Question more" slogan (2015)

3793:, Lithuania's Minister of Foreign Affairs, posted on Twitter on 9 March 2014 amid the 330: 24024: 24014: 23996: 23696: 23508: 23166: 23154: 22943: 22900: 22480: 21707: 21466: 21042: 20906: 20876: 20866: 20851: 20821: 20196: 19762: 19541: 19432: 19267: 19104: 19022: 18853: 18831: 18635: 18503: 18132: 18026:

11th "Save and Preserve" International Environmental Television Festival, 9 June 2007

17971: 17935: 17365: 16339: 16149:"RT Is Very Upset With John Kerry For Blasting Them As Putin's 'Propaganda Bullhorn'" 15957: 15767:"CRTC bans Russian state-controlled TV channels RT, RT France from Canadian airwaves" 15474: 15465:"Breitbart has outsize influence over climate change denial on Facebook, report says" 15234: 14959: 14920: 14600: 14588: 14432:"MH17 crash report: Dutch investigators confirm Buk missile hit plane – live updates" 14305: 14191: 14179: 13968: 13773: 13619: 13462: 13302: 13290: 13252: 12803: 12791: 11780: 9819: 8764: 8629: 8569: 8377: 7984:"CRTC bans Russian state-controlled TV channels RT, RT France from Canadian airwaves" 7713: 7489: 7435: 7299: 7057: 7039: 6892: 6533: 6364: 6284: 6219: 6209: 6094: 5782: 5745: 5690: 5275: 5263: 5206: 5181: 5132: 5068: 5056: 5030: 4464: 4183: 4006:, said that RT had "instructed reporters not to report from Georgian villages within 3971: 3966: 3959: 3955: 3903:

supporters". However, Stengel supports RT's right to broadcast in the United States.

3663:

platform. Fletcher stated, "Given the current actions of the Russian government [

3550: 3525: 3323: 3028: 3016: 2948: 2925: 2828: 2770: 2658: 2421: 2043: 1821: 1776: 1772: 1666: 1524: 1417: 1380:

From 18 August 2020 to 18 August 2021, ANO TV Novosti was owned by the federal state

1214: 1147: 907: 807: 749: 719: 714: 583: 23459: 19905: 16412: 16305: 15500:"The Toxic Ten: How ten fringe publishers fuel 69% of digital climate change denial" 15381:"Russia Today Continues its Anti-Israel Propaganda, Going Even Further Than Arab TV" 14281: 13545:"Russia Today Continues its Anti-Israel Propaganda, Going Even Further Than Arab TV" 11030:"Inside Russia Today: counterweight to the mainstream media, or Putin's mouthpiece?" 8336: 6948: 6338:"(Ab)using the topic of migration by pro-Kremlin propaganda: Case study of Slovakia" 5101: 4994: 4209:

as the understandable actions of peace-loving protesters who fear "chaos" in Kiev".

3615:

was sanctioned by the European Union on 23 February 2022 when Russia recognized the

1609: 570:

in 2005 to improve Russia's image abroad. RT was conceived by former media minister

405: 23926: 23417: 23144: 23132: 22857: 22852: 22706: 22642: 21633: 21471: 21252: 21141: 20896: 20856: 20803: 20798: 20793: 20690: 20685: 20680: 20576: 19882: 19847: 19807: 19466: 19217: 19067: 19062: 18916: 18610: 18600: 18513: 18344: 18141: 18002: 17930: 17926:"Right-Wing Influencer Network Tenet Media Allegedly Spread Russian Disinformation" 17713:"Exclusive: Russian news agency in Berlin faces staff exodus over Ukraine invasion" 17248: 16703: 16255: 14687: 14580: 14567: 14386: 14285: 14169: 14121: 14088: 13489:[Frédéric Taddeï leaves his show on RT France "out of loyalty to France"]. 13282: 13240: 13037: 12783: 11530: 11499: 11468: 11397: 11139: 10997: 10903: 10884: 10801: 10060:"Rogers, Bell to pull Russian state-controlled channel RT over invasion of Ukraine" 9575: 9530: 9344: 9278: 9236: 8724: 7427: 7366: 7344: 7287: 7097: 6936: 6882: 6842: 6419: 6276: 6199: 5898: 5362: 5255: 5194: 5122: 5048: 4946:

O'Sullivan, Donie; Griffin, Drew; Devine, Curt; Shubert, Atika (18 February 2019).

4449: 4350: 4339: 4263: 4178: 4158: 4035: 4026: 4011: 3590: 3557:

and conspiracy theories. RT urged domestic Russian audiences to vaccinate and wear

3483: 3444: 3435: 3327: 3147: 3071: 2929: 2928:

airing his opinions in support of Syrian president Bashar al-Assad, and has hosted

2844: 2682: 2567: 2377: 2330: 1918: 1895: 1628: 1393: 1385: 1370: 1307: 946: 899: 803: 731: 563: 351: 33: 18354: 17684: 17192:"Russian propaganda effort helped spread 'fake news' during election, experts say" 16444: 14952:"Russian propaganda effort helped spread 'fake news' during election, experts say" 14584: 14174: 13487:"Frédéric Taddeï quitte son émission sur RT France "par loyauté envers la France"" 12787: 12038:"RRsat Signs Contract With Russia Today For Global Distribution Of RT HD Channels" 8201:"Apple Halted Product Sales In Russia And Disabled Apple Maps Features In Ukraine" 7860:

Zinets, Natalia; Prentice, Alessandra (19 August 2014). Balmforth, Richard (ed.).

5290: 5198: 5052: 4628:, to promote Russian propaganda to U.S. audiences to influence the outcome of the 2515: 2168: 1657:

in the country, the first foreign television channel to do so there. According to

1329:

In September 2023, RT launched its online platform in Portuguese, as "RT Brazil".

1015:, aimed at British audiences. The new channel began operating on 30 October 2014. 841:

and China Central Television and that they were supplanting the Voice of America.

703: 230: 24087: 23812: 23733: 23599: 23286: 23250: 22630: 21238: 20916: 20901: 20881: 20871: 20831: 20747: 20435: 20430: 19714: 19628: 19610: 19017: 18174: 17897: 17473: 17443:"Russia's RT network says it complied with US order to register as foreign agent" 17217: 16912: 16642: 16623: 16501: 16470: 16025: 15557: 15216: 13665:"FBI's Russian-influence probe includes a look at Breitbart, InfoWars news sites" 13614: 13180: 13169: 12907: 12608: 12491: 12458: 12436: 11715: 11631: 11310: 11275: 11036: 10978: 10448: 9601: 9582: 9537: 9512: 9492: 9467: 9447: 9443: 9386: 9339: 9319: 9314: 9261: 9232: 9114: 9089: 9036: 8973: 8916: 8911: 8891: 8849: 8829: 8809: 8804: 8750: 8745: 8719: 8540: 8536: 8511: 8486: 8309: 8273: 7479: 7416: 7283: 7130: 6771: 6265: 6083: 6012: 5769:

RT, which owns Ruptly news agency, likes to post its raw footage of world events.

5347:"State media warning labels can counteract the effects of foreign misinformation" 4761: 4617: 4543:

in multiple countries, including the UK and Germany, resigned in response to the

4335: 4240: 4120: 4002: 3912: 3895: 3771: 3586: 3492: 3463: 3400: 3280: 2952: 2901: 2873: 2799:

from "Carl Dix, a representative of the American Revolutionary Communist Party".

2791: 2687: 2592: 2491: 2372: 2270: 2137: 2067: 2001: 1997: 1983: 1890: 1756: 1689: 1314: 1182: 1151: 862: 834: 811: 795: 651: 619: 526: 466: 451: 24034: 24028: 17138:"Russia-backed channel RT censured for lack of impartiality in Turkish coverage" 16364:

Culliford, Elizabeth; Nichols, Michelle (6 August 2020). Zieminski, Nick (ed.).

14464: 13069: 12769:"Questioning More: RT, Outward-Facing Propaganda, and the Post-West World Order" 12768: 11203:[RAMI "RIA Novosti", Federal State Unitary Enterprise, TIN 7704005030]. 8440: 7349:""Anything that Causes Chaos": The Organizational Behavior of Russia Today (RT)" 6324:

news supplement, making up a news conglomerate operating in almost 40 languages.

6280: 5472: 4672:

received a special prize from the international 2007 AIB Media Excellence Awards

4520:

and for using the second channel to circumvent an initial week-long suspension.

23806: 23411: 22842: 21908: 21902: 21245: 21224: 20995: 20786: 20781: 20717: 20508: 20503: 20345: 19915: 19171: 19042: 18980: 18960: 18756: 18734: 18689: 18652: 18518: 18380: 18197:"2014 International Emmy® Awards Current Affairs & News Nominees Announced" 18107:"2012 International Emmy® Awards News & Current Affairs Nominees Announced" 18081:"2010 International Emmy® Awards News & Current Affairs Nominees Announced" 17597: 16419: 15385: 10590: 10565: 8854: 8277: 7952: 6887: 6870: 6181: 5568:[The Russian government has adopted a list of backbone organizations]. 5259: 4716: 4653: 4633: 4506: 4041: 3951: 3852: 3752: 3734: 3582: 3516: 3440: 3342: 3215: 3146:" makes propaganda difficult to counter. (Christopher Paul, Miriam Matthews of 3032: 2783: 2759: 2747: 2647: 2642: 2428: 2358: 2348: 2343: 2007: 1768: 1729: 1560: 1477: 1127: 1123: 1080: 1003:

Vladimir Putin visited the new RT broadcasting centre in June 2013 and stated:

999:

2013 visit to RT's new broadcasting centre and interview with RT correspondents

996: 972: 963: 891: 882: 858: 854: 699: 698:

RT launched several new channels in ensuing years: the Arabic language channel

575: 530: 513: 436: 393: 385: 367: 240: 121: 23938: 23520: 18234: 18204: 18110: 18084: 17341:"Facebook Restores Kremlin-Funded RT Posting Privileges After Temporary Block" 12926:"The Russian government-funded TV network's hyperbolic campaign against US 5G" 10675:"Anonymous takes down Kremlin, Russian-controlled media site in cyber attacks" 9907:"Content producer for Russia's RT wraps up journalistic operations in Germany" 9395:, Posted: 19 October 2012, Updated: 23 October 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2012 9082: 8504: 7922:"Radijo ir televizijos komisija uždraudė Lietuvoje retransliuoti RT programas" 6223: 2804: 1720:

main channel, despite only having around one-third the number of subscribers.

1698:

Ukraine. The most popular video of Russian president Putin shows him singing "

24176: 23751: 23138: 23096: 23048: 22711: 22509: 22503: 21937: 21582: 21559: 21481: 21196: 21062: 20496: 20491: 20486: 20219: 19481: 19148: 19099: 19087: 18863: 18615: 18298: 17975: 17939: 17689: 17573:"Former RT Reporter Says He Was Asked To 'Spy' On Navalny In German Hospital" 17226: 16844:"Russian Television Under Spotlight After Malaysia Airlines Crash in Ukraine" 16719: 16343: 15961: 15478: 14963: 14924: 14592: 14183: 13972: 13294: 13286: 13244: 12795: 12739: 9108:

The Prisoner as Talk Show Host; Julian Assange Starts Talk Show on Russian TV

8634: 8381: 7832:"TV Company Linked To Russia's RT America Registers As Foreign Agent In U.S." 7527: 7227: 7061: 6896: 6537: 6424: 6368: 5749: 5612: 5267: 5136: 5060: 4601: 4388: 4325: 4318: 4153: 4081: 4007: 3939: 3870: 3775:

stupidity and ignorance of the Latvian authorities, blinded by Russophobia".

3453: 3319: 3227: 2992:

RT's editor-in-chief, Margarita Simonyan, has described RT as giving Russia "

2897: 2881: 2755: 2605: 2389: 2320: 2290: 2280: 2260: 2251: 2244: 2149: 2015: 1829: 1493: 1439: 1413: 1392:) and the Association for the Development of International Journalism (ADIJ; 1036: 874: 757: 735: 667: 571: 470: 24018: 23490: 23465: 23399: 20160: 19744: 18761: 18435: 16700:

RT Defends Host Abby Martin, Responds to Accusations of Pro-Putin Propaganda

14498:"'Birdie' Down: The First, Damning Hours After MH17 Was Shot Out Of The Sky" 12207: 11594: 10934:"Meta bans Russian state media outlets over 'foreign interference activity'" 7291: 4864: 2955:

have appeared on RT to advance conspiracy theories about topics such as the

1665:, which had both been authorized by the previous left-leaning government of 1217:

also removed RT, citing complaints from customers and consultation with the

1011:

In early October 2014, RT announced the launch of a dedicated news channel,

611: 24122: 24097: 23979: 23690: 23538: 23447: 23322: 22867: 22716: 22525: 22412: 22063: 21567: 21445: 21400: 21050: 21046: 21000: 20712: 20459: 20401: 20304: 19597: 19566: 19212: 19130: 18836: 18677: 18630: 18538: 17966: 17745: 17741:"YouTube blocks RT and Sputnik as Russia tells media not to say "invasion"" 17661: 17060:"Broadcaster RT misled viewers and breached broadcasting rules, says Ofcom" 15825: 15326: 15119:"Russia Today's "Genocide in Eastern Ukraine": Sick, distorted and deleted" 15091: 15060:"Russia Today's "Genocide in Eastern Ukraine": Sick, distorted and deleted" 14883:"Everyone Against Russia: Conspiracy Theories on the Rise In Russian Media" 14467:[Disaster of MH17: how the versions of the Russian media changed]. 14436: 12960: 12341:"If Russia Today is Moscow's propaganda arm, it's not very good at its job" 10712: 9410: 8843:

New BBG chief wants more money to combat "enemies" such as China and Russia

8413: 8080:"YouTube to block channels linked to Russia's RT and Sputnik across Europe" 7686: 7457: 7405: 7168: 6986: 6711: 6702: 6306: 6116: 6008: 5968: 5907: 5712: 4698: 4570: 4445: 4196: 4070: 3943: 3656: 3476: 3372: 3322:

project, FakeCheck, in response to accusations of spreading fake news. The

3295: 3253: 2913: 2905: 2889: 2885: 2831: 2827:" conspiracy theories and interviewed militia organizer Jim Stachowiak and 2808: 2787: 2775: 2234: 1988: 1927: 1875: 1790: 1744: 1503: 1435: 1091: 934: 866: 777: 738: 710: 637: 89: 18227:"2016 International Emmy® Awards for News & Current Affairs Announced" 15878:. The National Electronic Mass Media Council. 30 June 2020. Archived from 15848:"RT broadcasts suspended on Rock as Govt tightens visa rules for Russians" 14221:"Meet the Colonel in Charge of Countering Russian Propaganda in Lithuania" 13267: 9486:

RT hosts third party debate #2: Tackling the issues the mainstream ignores

7431: 7371: 6973:

meanwhile, pushes this manipulated content out to international audiences.

6940: 5473:"Журнал Стандарт / №09(80) сентябрь 2009Вести с эфирного фронта | ComNews" 4365:

originally broadcast in March, included claims of attacks, atrocities and

23967: 23859: 23739: 23727: 23708: 23226: 23220: 22882: 22877: 22872: 22756: 22069: 21747: 21440: 21033: 20846: 20841: 20836: 20826: 20737: 20591: 20520: 20316: 19877: 19189: 19184: 19143: 18642: 18595: 15876:"NEPLP restricts most influential Kremlin's propaganda channel in Latvia" 15409:"Lieberman complained to Putin over Russian TV's 'anti-Israel' reporting" 12951: 12495: 12084:"Putin: RT en español emitirá su señal en abierto en Argentina 24 al día" 12070: 11054:"RT Begins Broadcasting in HD Worldwide from New State of the Art Studio" 10646: 9737:"This Quirky New Viral Video Channel Is Funded By The Russian Government" 9241: 7038:

Borges, Priscila Monteiro; Gambarato, Renira Rampazzo (29 January 2019).

6136:"Euro-Atlantic values and Russia's propaganda in the Euro-Atlantic space" 5831: 5291:"Fake News: The Legality of the Russian 2016 Facebook Influence Campaign" 4621: 4433:. RT stated that while it was testing its systems in preparation for the 4141: 4062: 4018:

said that RT's claim of 2,000 South Ossetian casualties was exaggerated.

3855:– On 18 March 2022, ANO TV Novosti's broadcasting license was revoked by 3671:'s listings the next day due to concerns about the situation in Ukraine. 3660: 3511: 3262: 3236: 3157: 3012: 2877: 2672: 2663: 2579: 2447: 2365: 2310: 2111: 2054: 2018: 1964: 1942: 1870: 1654: 1597: 1143: 1031:, started in 2018. On 15 February 2019, Facebook temporarily blocked the 827: 744:

Russia Today drew particular attention worldwide for its coverage of the

726:. On 31 December 2007, RT's broadcasts of New Year's Eve celebrations in 579: 381: 371: 359: 84: 44: 16931:

War of words: how Europe is fighting back against Russian disinformation

16557:"Russia exaggerating South Ossetian death toll, says human rights group" 16518:"Russia claims media bias; Foreign minister blasts coverage of conflict" 12956:"24-hour Putin people: my week watching Kremlin 'propaganda channel' RT" 10856:"Study: Russian embassy in Sofia most impactful in spreading propaganda" 9802:. Based on reporting by Interfax, TASS, AFP, and CNN. 18 February 2019. 9192:"Julian Assange launches talk show on Kremlin-backed broadcaster Russia" 7794: 6995:"Measuring the reach of "fake news" and online disinformation in Europe" 6546: 6519: 5367: 5127: 3467:

that RT "has made a name for itself as a strident critic of US policy".

3311:; the EU preparing "a form of genocide" against Russians; in Germany it 1063: 24108: 24052: 23973: 23865: 23847: 23757: 23647: 23569: 23496: 23340: 23274: 23268: 23262: 23160: 23120: 23114: 23090: 23078: 23042: 22987: 22764: 21920: 21269: 21176: 21017: 20769: 20764: 20606: 20292: 20280: 20270: 19678: 19315: 19052: 18808: 18798: 18417: 16882:"BBC News and RT cleared over coverage of shooting down of flight MH17" 16224:"Emmanuel Macron's campaign team bans Russian news outlets from events" 15499: 15437:"Breitbart Leads Climate Change Misinformation On Facebook, Study Says" 15209: 15032: 15028:"How 'War on Fakes' uses fact-checking to spread pro-Russia propaganda" 14573:

The International Journal of Intelligence, Security, and Public Affairs

13926:

Chatterje-Doody, Precious N; Sanchez-Salas, Patricia (3 October 2018).

13873: 13731:"Charlottesville's Alt-Right Leaders Have a Passion for Vladimir Putin" 13361: 12180: 11200: 11083: 10249:"Microsoft is the latest to ban Russian state media from its platforms" 9133: 7799: 6504: 6444: 5862: 5446: 4948:"Russia is backing a viral video company aimed at American millennials" 4680: 3885: 3291: 3258: 3054: 2993: 2940: 2869: 2860:

Worlds Apart host Oksana Boyko with Filipino Foreign Affairs Secretary

2850: 2764: 2698: 2677: 2610: 2463: 2433: 2401: 2256: 2121: 1932: 1909: 1733: 1528: 1517: 1255:

Between 22 and 26 February 2022, a couple of days before and after the

1206: 1190: 953: 942: 911: 753: 723: 534: 409: 397: 206: 94: 22997: 20650: 17086:"RT sanctioned by Ofcom over series of misleading and biased articles" 14568:"Unraveling Disinformation: The Case of Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17" 12063:

Russia Today and Rusiya Al-yaum join Yahlive's high definition bouquet

11748:

Stubbs, Jack; Gibson, Ginger (13 November 2017). McCool, Grant (ed.).

11269:"Russian News, English Accent: New Kremlin Show Spins Russia Westward" 10152:"European Union Publishes Regulation Banning Russia Today and Sputnik" 10030:"Russia's RT to be removed from Canadian lineup by Bell, Rogers, Shaw" 9363:

Russia Today hit by DDoS as anti-Wikileaks group claims responsibility

8558:"The boom in counter-hegemonic news channels: a case study of TeleSUR" 8105:

Dwoskin, Elizabeth; Zakrzewski, Cat; De Vynck, Gerrit (1 March 2022).

3251:

was the subject of much comment in the British press in late 2014. In

23920: 23877: 23853: 23841: 23824: 23800: 23794: 23788: 23776: 23635: 23618: 23561: 23514: 23453: 23376: 23364: 23352: 23316: 23298: 23214: 23184: 23084: 22648: 22541: 22497: 22333: 21926: 21914: 21692: 21544: 21415: 21203: 21025: 20951: 20757: 20752: 20623: 20479: 20474: 20396: 20391: 20299: 20155: 19842: 19536: 19330: 19092: 18893: 18359: 18349: 17685:"Reporters quit RT and website hacked amid Ukraine invasion coverage" 17657:"'Pure Orwell': how Russian state media spins invasion as liberation" 16961:, Members' Research Service – European Parliamentary Research Service 16955:

Russia's manipulation of information on Ukraine and the EU's response

16738: 15903:"Latvia bans Russian broadcaster RT over ties to Kremlin media mogul" 14403:

Crash of Malaysia Airlines flight MH17 Hrabove, Ukraine, 17 July 2014

13103:

RT America Launches New Show, Hosted by Former US Marine, Adam Kokesh

10745: 10352: 10187: 9472: 8047:"Russian-backed RT channel to lose Sky TV slot in UK within 24 hours" 7259:"Conspiracy Theories as a Russian Public Diplomacy Tool: The Case of 6565:

government-financed international TV news channel, Russia Today (RT).

5570: 5044: 4914: 4625: 4585: 4399: 3786: 3748: 3638: 3364: 3338: 3267: 2944: 2144: 1650: 1303: 1285: 1241: 1235:

list of non-Canadian programming services authorized for distribution

1230: 1194: 1174: 1166: 1131: 895: 887: 659: 522: 497: 235: 212: 17962:"Blinken accuses RT of being worldwide Kremlin intelligence network" 17249:"No, Russian Agents Are Not Behind Every Piece of Fake News You See" 16002:"Rosyjskie programy wykreślone z rejestru programów rozprowadzanych" 15087:"High steaks: the Vladimir Putin birthday burger that never existed" 14775:

Ofcom should rigorously apply its own code to this den of deceivers.

8015:"Roku is removing RT from the Roku Channel Store in Europe – source" 5972: 4279:

website with a headline of "don't be deceived, question even more".

2912:

from 2010 to 2016, appeared on RT eighteen times from 2010 to 2014.

554: 73: 24116: 24081: 23985: 23950: 23944: 23932: 23871: 23702: 23678: 23672: 23526: 23502: 23482: 23370: 23358: 23328: 23292: 23208: 23202: 23190: 23126: 23102: 23072: 22802: 22740: 22721: 22691: 22624: 21638: 21572: 21549: 21539: 21476: 21435: 21410: 21395: 21390: 21342:

All-Russian Research Institute of Television and Radio Broadcasting

21021: 20985: 20675: 20665: 20442: 20379: 20374: 20323: 20311: 20131: 20118: 20016: 19990: 19970: 19729: 19648: 19643: 19620: 19199: 19032: 19002: 18793: 18773: 17902: 17870: 17772: 17549: 16583: 16445:"John McDonnell urges Labour MPs to stop appearing on Russia Today" 15682:"Statement from SBS regarding acquired Russian TV news programming" 14692: 13735: 13491: 13424: 12574: 11280: 11001: 10860: 10444:"Sky TV stops broadcasting Russia Today in light of war on Ukraine" 10253: 10064: 9517: 9391: 7722: 6583: 5935:"RT's video agency Ruptly beats UK media to Julian Assange footage" 5867: 5729:

Chobanyan, Karina (2020). Vartanova, Elena; Gladkova, Anna (eds.).

5681:

Tyrants on Twitter: Protecting Democracies from Information Warfare

4999: 4548: 4366: 4192: 4146: 4053: 4045: 3733:

responded with "retaliatory measures" to remove German broadcaster

3491:

with those of U.S. authorities nationwide arresting members of the

3100: 2917: 2704: 2035: 1960: 1752: 1299: 1162: 1154:). This move was praised by Canada's Minister of Canadian Heritage 819: 780: 761: 17841:"Google blocks RT, other Russian channels from earning ad dollars" 16717:

RT Host Abby Martin Condemns Russian Incursion Into Crimea – On RT

16657:"State-funded news anchor Abby Martin: 'What Russia did is wrong'" 16306:"Twitter bans RT and Sputnik ads amid election interference fears" 16249:

Bodner, Matthew; Kupfer, Matthew; Jardine, Bradley (1 June 2017).

15792:"Russia to target German media in response to German ban on RT TV" 11014:

RIA Novosti Does Not Control RT Television – Russian Media Experts

5865:[Two stringers of video agency Ruptly detained in Minsk]. 4945: 4370:

Russian military aircraft by Turkish warplanes in November 2015".

3911:

In April 2017, during his successful run for President of France,

3198:) first reported separatists had shot down a "Ukrainian Air Force 1716:

assessments, saying their analyses used outdated viewership data.

23906: 23889: 23684: 23593: 23441: 23346: 22701: 22612: 21812: 21587: 21486: 20670: 20601: 20535: 20469: 20464: 20287: 20275: 20243: 20238: 20170: 20147: 20113: 19754: 19082: 18778: 18401: 18292: 17717: 17469:"Russian news channel RT broke TV impartiality rules, Ofcom says" 16675:"Ukraine conflict perspectives and Washington's shadow lobbyists" 16370: 16283: 15907: 15796: 15413: 15118: 15059: 14529: 14056: 13838:"Kremlin television station has its British bank accounts closed" 13765:

Putin's Propaganda Machine: Soft Power and Russian Foreign Policy

13395: 11753: 10797:"RT Host Suspended for Calls to 'Drown, Burn' Ukrainian Children" 10769: 10544: 10319: 10028:; Chase, Steven; Robertson, Susan Krashinsky (27 February 2022). 8314: 8019: 7866: 6520:"Russian Information Warfare: Implications for Deterrence Theory" 5827:"Russia Uses State Television to Sway Opinion at Home and Abroad" 5029:

Haigh, Maria; Haigh, Thomas; Kozak, Nadine I. (26 October 2018).

4509:

while he was undergoing treatment in a hospital in Germany after

4224: 3830: 3703:– After failing to obtain a broadcast license compliant with the 3700: 3104: 2996:", and being the same kind of "tool" for Russia that the "BBC or 2063: 1926:

that "The Alyona Show does political talk with razor-sharp wit."

1662: 1277: 1273: 1202: 1059: 1040: 1019: 788: 734:

were broadcast in the hours prior to the New Year's Eve event at

663: 640:

reporter who had worked in journalism since she was 18. She told

636:

Simonyan, aged 25 years old when she was appointed, was a former

501: 485: 421: 305: 249: 20655: 15821:"Russia to expel German broadcaster after RT blocked in Germany" 15688:. Special Broadcasting Service. 25 February 2022. Archived from 15553:"Dmitry Kiselyov: Russian TV presenter draws EU sanctions wrath" 11931:"YouTube deletes RT's German channels over Covid misinformation" 10904:"Broadcasting and Television Production Auction. Washington, DC" 10381:"DirecTV Drops Russia-Backed RT Channel "Effective Immediately"" 8713:

Pravda Will Set You Free; Russia's answer to Fox News and MSNBC.

8170:"Microsoft to remove RT apps, ban Russian state-owned media ads" 8107:"Major social media platforms ban Russian state media in Europe" 5731:"Up for a challenge? Digital practices of 24-hour news channels" 1506:. Covers headline news, politics, sports and broadcast specials. 22817: 22580: 22515: 22361: 22325: 21659: 21615: 21506: 21461: 20956: 20776: 20233: 19633: 18816: 18396: 18260: 17370:"Russia threatens retaliation over Facebook 'censorship' of RT" 16332:"Twitter Bans Two Kremlin-Backed News Outlets From Advertising" 16133: 15441: 13106: 12911: 12010: 11653: 11567: 11469:"Russia in 'information war' with West to win hearts and minds" 11393:"Looking West, Russia Beefs Up Spending on Global Media Giants" 9966:"RT: Russian-backed TV news channel disappears from UK screens" 9040: 8337:"Russia: New International Channel Ready To Begin Broadcasting" 5565:Правительство РФ приняло перечень системообразующих организаций 5095: 4605: 4540: 4430: 4410: 4107: 3812: 3767: 3682: 3668: 3514:, has been accused of being anti-Israel and pro-Palestinian by 3114:

RT has been accused of different approaches to disinformation:

3066: 2085:

RT's feature programs include (with presenters parenthesised):

1861: 1670: 1633: 1600: 1499: 1222: 1170: 1044: 918: 727: 694:

Vladimir Putin during a visit to the new RT broadcasting centre

517: 493: 417: 245: 24218:

Foreign television channels broadcasting in the United Kingdom

21317:

Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media

18955: 18888: 18478: 17822:"Anonymous launches attacks against Russia to support Ukraine" 15597:"EU restrictive measures in response to the crisis in Ukraine" 11533:

will be increased by 1.4 and 1.7 billion rubles in 2022].

10618:"Social platforms' bans muffle Russian state media propaganda" 7862:"Ukraine bans Russian TV channels for airing war 'propaganda'" 6871:"Measuring the scope of pro-Kremlin disinformation on Twitter" 6838:"Irony Dies Again as Russia Today Launches Fake-News Debunker" 5648:"RT America ceases productions and lays off most of its staff" 4649: 4471:

threatened retaliatory measures against American journalists.

1118:

On 27 February 2022, the president of the European Commission

24093: 24075: 23745: 23550: 23256: 23196: 22983: 22769: 22636: 22574: 21896: 21180: 21029: 20586: 20571: 20452: 20447: 20248: 19602: 18423: 18364: 17898:"US accuses Russia of interfering with presidential election" 17866:"US accuses Russia's RT news outlet of election interference" 17545:"Ofcom fines Russian news service £200,000 over impartiality" 17503: 17314: 17169: 17029: 16080: 16052: 12145:"Argentina Announces Suspension Of Russia's RT TV Broadcasts" 11683: 10586:"RT Loses Court Fight Over EU Ban Following Ukraine Invasion" 10477:"Reddit Bans Links to Russian State Media Across Entire Site" 9677:"This 'Grassroots' Media Startup Is Supported by the Kremlin" 9646:"NatWest reverses decision to close RT's bank accounts in UK" 9366: 7565:"Ofcom rules against Russia Today over Syria conflict report" 5091: 5089: 4580: 4490: 4358: 4283: 4174: 4152:

When asked about a clip of her interviewing a guest on RT by

4086: 4077: 4065:

endorsed fundraising for Paul, leading to a complaint to the

3856: 3715: 3528:

made a complaint to Putin at their official meeting in 2012.

3272: 3248: 3199: 2762:

academics, intellectuals and writers from organisations like

2225:

RT's former on-air staff included 25 people from RT America.

1955:

From April to August 2011, RT ran a half-hour primetime show

1642: 1614: 1554: 1434:

New York City; London, England; Paris, France; Delhi, India;

1210: 1012: 505: 444: 413: 401: 310: 224: 218: 158: 16394:"Twitter Labels State Media, Government Officials' Accounts" 16366:"Twitter labels state media, government officials' accounts" 16021:"Europe increases pressure on Kremlin-backed broadcaster RT" 15329:[Canada in the Russian Media: Myths and Realities]. 14997:"Is Russia Today a legitimate fact-checker? We did the math" 13925: 13331: 12108: 11428: 9841:"Facebook restores previously suspended Russia-linked pages" 6050:"Facebook restores previously suspended Russia-linked pages" 3175:

on 17 July 2014 while the plane was flying over pro-Russian

390:

list of core organizations of strategic importance to Russia

24010: 23382: 23280: 23172: 22862: 22594: 22589: 22547: 22520: 21109: 20990: 20566: 20559: 20554: 20547: 20542: 20530: 20525: 20367: 20362: 20253: 20188: 20103: 20041: 19955: 19892: 19703: 19581: 19576: 19546: 19272: 19204: 18965: 18933: 18908: 18878: 18826: 18109:. International Emmy Awards. 21 August 2012. Archived from 18083:. International Emmy Awards. 11 August 2010. Archived from 14721:"Russia Today: why western cynics lap up Putin's TV poison" 13266:

Chatterje-Doody, Precious N; Tolz, Vera (14 October 2019).

11900: 11870: 11535: 10708:"Why has the letter Z become the symbol of war for Russia?" 10642:"Anonymous targets RT portal in 'cyber war' against Russia" 10561:"Kremlin-Backed RT Loses Court Bid to Suspend EU Sanctions" 9160:"Assange show premiere: Time to watch 'The World Tomorrow'" 7164:"Russia Today reporter resigns in protest at MH17 coverage" 6984: 4910:"Company behind Grenfell YouTube film has links to Kremlin" 4781: 4676: 4414: 3687:

Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission

3187:(JIT), concluded that the airliner was downed by a Russian 2030:

western demonstrations. It has also aired views by various

1641:

In September 2012, RT signed a contract with Israeli-based

1227:

Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission

1198: 958: 815: 420:

video agency, which owns the Redfish video channel and the

179: 175: 171: 168: 51: 18284:(in English, German, French, Spanish, Arabic, and Russian) 18137:"Putin Awards Journalists for 'Objective' Crimea Coverage" 18038:

Association for International Broadcasting, 8 October 2007

17461: 17000: 16794:"Ofcom should be looking again at Putin's TV news channel" 16251:"Welcome to The Machine: Inside the Secretive World of RT" 15266:"Assange takes chat-show job with state-funded Russian TV" 14361:"The Two Faces Of RT: Russia's Competing COVID Narratives" 11841:"RT на русском последние новости онлайн в России и в Мире" 11840: 11750:"Russia's RT America registers as 'foreign agent' in U.S." 10972:

Russia Pumps Tens of Millions Into Burnishing Image Abroad

10616:

Dwoskin, Elizabeth; Merrill, Jeremy B.; De Vynck, Gerrit.

9054:"US ambassador says seeks reset, not revolution in Russia" 7682:"Alex Salmond's RT show breached Ofcom broadcasting rules" 7630:"Russia Today threatened with Ofcom sanctions due to bias" 5863:"В Минске задержаны двое стрингеров видеоагентства Ruptly" 5086: 3593:

and RT television presenter, have been in place since the

23405: 23150: 22603: 22117: 22111: 20926: 20707: 20660: 20021: 19683: 19521: 19516: 19506: 19427: 19340: 19335: 19114: 19109: 19012: 18868: 18843: 18575: 17417:"Russian network RT must register as foreign agent in US" 17395:"Russia considering US media restrictions as retaliation" 17215: 16660: 16105:"Russian network RT must register as foreign agent in US" 15400: 13202:"Russian TV Channel Pushes 'Patriot' Conspiracy Theories" 12875:"List of national security advisors of the United States" 12735:"The difference between real journalism and Russia Today" 8236: 8104: 7473: 7471: 5977: 5167: 5165: 4287: 3890: 3209: 2997: 1764: 1178: 686:

Dmitry Medvedev took part in the launch of RT Documentary

671: 655: 55: 43:"ANO TV-Novosti" redirects here. Not to be confused with 27:

Russian state-controlled international television network

16497:"They forced me out for telling the truth about Georgia" 14913:"A Powerful Russian Weapon: The Spread of False Stories" 14755:"We cannot allow Russia Today to get away with its lies" 13698:"RT Host Manuel Ochsenreiter Exposed as Neo-Nazi Editor" 10214:

Dwoskin, Elizabeth; Zakrzewski, Cat (28 February 2022).

8409:"'Be ashamed, Alex': Salmond courts controversy with RT" 6802:"A Powerful Russian Weapon: The Spread of False Stories" 6256:"Tools of Russian Influence: Information and Propaganda" 4338:, senior director for human rights and democracy at the 4199:". When she refused, other reporters were sent instead. 3929:

Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections

1898:, ran from 2009 to 2012 (when Minkovski left RT to join 1211:

National Administration of Telecommunications of Uruguay

24149: 18288: 18231:

International Academy of Television Arts & Sciences

18201:

International Academy of Television Arts & Sciences

17598:"Russia threatens YouTube ban for deleting RT channels" 17051: 16975:

Tiny EU task force set up to counter Russian propaganda

15350:"Russia Today Accuses Israel of Using 'Hitler Methods'" 14327:"Have you been watching Russian government propaganda?" 13656: 13447:"RT - Breaking News, Russia News, World News and Video" 13174:

Attacks on RT and Assange reveal much about the critics

13141:"Ron Paul booster's show cancelled after FEC complaint" 12837: 12835: 12833: 12831: 12829: 12827: 12825: 12447: 12445: 12004:; Vachedin, Dmitry; Zelenin, Sasha (11 November 2021). 11996: 11994: 11992: 11140:"RT editor Simonyan to head Kremlin-backed news agency" 10216:"Facebook and TikTok ban Russian state media in Europe" 9531:

RT America to broadcast Larry King's new political show

7331:

employed to undermine US domestic and foreign policies.

4995:"Why has RT registered as a foreign agent with the US?" 3417: 1527:, and simulcasted RT International at all other times. 32:"Russia Today" redirects here. Not to be confused with 16279:"Macron camp bars Russian news outlets, angers Moscow" 16019:

Kayali, Laura; Goujard, Clothilde (24 February 2022).

15428: 14792:"Russia Today Has an Illuminati Correspondent. Really" 13230: 12917: 12000: 11326:, Lenizdat, 2 July 2012. Retrieved 28 September 2012, 11173:[Margarita Simonyan privatizes Russia Today]. 10413:"Uruguay también suspendió la señal del canal ruso RT" 10024: 7552: 7550: 7468: 6697: 6695: 6693: 5162: 4752:

Disinformation in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine

4668:

November 2007 – RT's report on the anniversary of the

1531:

was compelled to register as a foreign agent with the

18273: 17768:"Alex Salmond suspends RT show over Ukraine invasion" 17334: 17332: 16471:"Russia's RT banned from UK media freedom conference" 14688:"Russia's global media operation under the spotlight" 14465:"Катастрофа MH17: как менялись версии российских СМИ" 13867:

Prokunin, Nikita; Kozenko, Andrey (21 October 2005).

8905:

Clinton Applauds Al Jazeera, Rolls Eyes at U.S. Media

7656:"British Bank Closes Russian Broadcaster RT Accounts" 4444:'s Current Now TV when broadcasting a live stream of 3689:

banned RT and RT France from broadcasting in Canada.

3648:

requested the partially Australian government funded

3313:

falsely reported about a kidnapping of a Russian girl

1977:

Reviewing the first episode of Julian Assange's show

1653:, Putin announced that Actualidad RT would broadcast 1398:Ассоциация развития международной журналистики (АРМЖ) 1280:

emblem – a few days after the start of the invasion.

321: 24253:

Television channels and stations established in 2005

21171: 17527:"RT fined £200,000 for breaching impartiality rules" 16277:

Osborn, Andrew; Balmforth, Richard (27 April 2017).

16170: 15492: 14531:Ополченцы сообщили о сбитом Ан-26 на востоке Украины 14388:

The Russian 'Firehose of Falsehood' Propaganda Model

13869:"Reporters Without Borders Don't Fancy Russia Today" 13419: 13417: 13384: 12822: 12442: 11989: 11708: 11625:

Russia gives WikiLeaks' Julian Assange a TV platform

10611: 10609: 10607: 10605: 9495:, RT.com story and video of debate, 6 November 2012. 9335:"Assange interviews Hezbollah leader in TV premiere" 8232:"This is what Russian propaganda looks like in 2024" 6470: 6320:

radio and website, news and video agencies, and the

5172:

Hellman, Maria; Wagnsson, Charlotte (3 April 2017).

5024: 5022: 4382:

misleading stories already circulating online". The

1498:

Based in Moscow with bureaus in Miami, Los Angeles,

362:

international news television network funded by the

23953:(France, Canada, Belgium, Monaco & Switzerland) 18131: 16248: 15378: 14354: 14352: 14282:"Russia's "Firehose of Falsehood" Propaganda Model" 13265: 12944: 12539:"Everything You Need To Know About Russia Today UK" 10880:"RT Launches Local Website, Broadcasting in Serbia" 10540:"RT challenges EU ban at Europe's second top court" 9551:"Politicking: Larry King talks NSA scandal fallout" 9437:

RT to host final US presidential third-party debate

7789: 7787: 7653: 7547: 7217: 7215: 7213: 7188: 7186: 6690: 6180: 5788:

Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs

5345:Nassetta, Jack; Gross, Kimberly (30 October 2020). 5237: 5235: 4080:found that two Libyan dispatches broadcast by RT's 1702:" at a 2010 St. Petersburg charity event. In 2017, 1113: 767:In 2009, Russia Today was rebranded to "RT", which 22978:Channels don't broadcast in Russia, Joint venture 18049:"2009 Television Programming and Promotion Awards" 17329: 17275: 16734:"Russia-funded station decries on-air resignation" 16040: 15900: 15527:"Virality Project (Russia): Penguins and Protests" 15257: 14631: 14566: 13836:Kennedy, Dominic; Parfitt, Tom (17 October 2016). 12767: 12532: 12530: 12237: 12235: 12233: 11967:"How RT DE spread COVID misinformation on YouTube" 10615: 10288:"YouTube blocks RT channels in Britain and Europe" 10286: 9461:Nader's third-party debate raises alternate issues 9406:"Presidential Hopefuls Meet in Third Party Debate" 9226:Assange interviews Hezbollah leader in TV premiere 8074: 8072: 7948:"Russia's RT channel blocked by German regulators" 7894:"Kremlin propaganda channel "RT" banned in Latvia" 7409: 6254: 6174: 4539:Employees and associates of RT and its subsidiary 3386: 1963:Marine veteran and high-profile anti-war activist 1649:("YahLive"). On 12 July 2014, during his visit to 917:On 23 October 2012, RT, along with Al Jazeera and 21322:Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network 17794: 16791: 16068: 15964:– via Estonian Research Information System. 14395: 13414: 12315:"Putin's Propaganda TV Lies About its Popularity" 12308: 12306: 12304: 12302: 12300: 12275:"Putin's Propaganda TV Lies About Its Popularity" 10602: 10213: 10092:"Ofcom opens 15 investigations into Russia Today" 9616:"Russia Today's UK bank accounts shut by NatWest" 8969:"RT and McFaul argue over Navalny's US education" 7600:"UK regulator Ofcom backs BBC in Russian TV case" 7206: 7204: 7126:"Tit-for-Tat: Putin's Maddening Propaganda Trick" 6080: 5019: 4555:quit his role as host of the RT France talk show 4409:episode broadcast the previous July, contained a 3069:blog. Media analyst Vasily Gatov wrote in a 2014 2811:in America, and interviewing the chairman of the 2070:"#1917LIVE" to mark the 100th anniversary of the 1201:dropped the RT app from its channel store, while 24174: 17760: 17112:"The West should take on the Putin P.R. machine" 16923: 16921: 16868:Ofcom Broadcast Bulletin – Ukraine news coverage 16363: 16194: 16146: 15655:"European Sanctions Target Putin's Inner Circle" 15347: 14991: 14989: 14522: 14349: 14084:"Russian Journalism is Crippled by Its Cynicism" 13485:Goy, Héloïse; Patri, Alexis (23 February 2022). 13467:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 13206:Intelligence Report, Southern Poverty Law Center 12844:"Russia's RT Network: Is It More BBC or K.G.B.?" 12430:Foreign News Channels Drawing U.S. Viewers – IPS 12040:(Press release). PR Newswire. 7 September 2012. 11391:Tétrault-Farber, Gabrielle (23 September 2014). 11114:"Putin orders overhaul of top state news agency" 10183:"Facebook blocks RT and Sputnik pages in the EU" 8261: 8259: 8006: 7916: 7914: 7784: 7706: 7623: 7621: 7252: 7250: 7210: 7183: 6661: 6659: 6657: 5232: 3376:made corrupt business deals in Ukraine and China 2987: 849:In early 2012, shortly after his appointment as 21337:Moscow Scientific-Research Television Institute 16605:Ofcom Broadcast Bulletin – Syrian news coverage 16515: 16276: 16076:"Ofcom launches further investigations into RT" 15652: 15372: 15341: 15331:Россия и Канада: Возможности для сотрудничества 13903:. Voice of America. 6 July 2005. Archived from 13866: 13608:Syria's Assad denies civil war, blames the West 13480: 13478: 13449:. Archived from the original on 5 February 2022 12766:Carter, Erin Baggott; Carter, Brett L. (2021). 12561: 12527: 12230: 11781:"RT launches dedicated UK news channel – RT UK" 11743: 11741: 11648: 11646: 11495:"Russia Cuts State Spending on RT News Network" 11390: 11171:"Маргарита Симоньян приватизирует Russia Today" 10441: 8928: 8926: 8823:RT's Advertising Declared Ad of the Month in UK 8069: 7760:"Chief Editor: RT is Like "a Defence Ministry"" 7562: 7323:Among the conspiratorial ideas that feature in 7037: 6665: 6007: 5171: 5028: 4903: 4901: 4899: 4697:in News category for its coverage of president 4459:informed RT America that it must register as a 3505: 2819:report stated that RT extensively covered the " 1244:challenged the EU ban of its activities in the 952:In May 2013, RT announced that former CNN host 50:"RTTV" redirects here. Not to be confused with 18328: 17795:Gilbody-Dickerson, Claire (27 February 2022). 16951: 16494: 15335:Saint Petersburg State University of Economics 14679: 14151:Moore, Martin; Colley, Thomas (13 June 2022). 14146: 14144: 13835: 12729: 12297: 10741:"Russian State TV Has Found a New Home on Gab" 10348:"Roku, DirecTV drop Russian-backed RT channel" 9868: 9866: 9794:"Facebook Blocks 'Wildly Popular' RT-Run Page" 9332: 9092:, RT interview with Ambassador Michael McFaul. 9083:'US not funding Putin's presidential campaign' 7859: 7855: 7853: 7400: 7398: 7201: 6831: 6829: 6827: 6795: 6793: 6166:– via Center for International Studies. 5608:"Russia Today courts viewers with controversy" 5443:Atlantic Council-Digital Forensic Research Lab 4857: 4489:In December 2018, the British media regulator 3795:annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation 1289:reported that RT had established a channel on 138:English, French, German, Arabic & Spanish 24193:24-hour television news channels in Argentina 23013: 21285: 21157: 20204: 18464: 18440: 18314: 17015: 16918: 16572: 16570: 16420:"Google to 'derank' Russia Today and Sputnik" 16018: 14986: 14629: 14385:Paul, Christopher; Matthews, Mirriam (2016), 12602:"BARB Quarterly Reach Report- Quarter 3 2015" 12522:"BARB Quarterly Reach Report- Quarter 4 2013" 12509:"BARB Quarterly Reach Report- Quarter 4 2012" 12472:"BARB Quarterly Reach Report- Quarter 3 2012" 11803: 11466: 11363: 9613: 8623: 8621: 8619: 8617: 8566:Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism 8555: 8256: 7911: 7887: 7885: 7627: 7618: 7594: 7592: 7590: 7247: 7192: 6875:Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 6654: 6518:Ajir, Media; Vailliant, Bethany (Fall 2018). 6517: 5641: 5639: 5601: 5599: 5597: 5595: 5593: 5344: 4941: 4939: 4937: 4844: 4842: 4052:. Writing after her 2014 on-air resignation, 3337:RT has repeatedly been exposed for producing 1931:"anti-American". After Minkovski argued that 1193:followed by removing RT and Sputnik from its 599: 16837: 16835: 16759: 16654: 16540:. Russia: RT. 10 August 2008. Archived from 15653:Stevis-Gridneff, Matina (23 February 2022). 14384: 14358: 13663:Stone, Peter; Gordon, Greg (20 March 2017). 13475: 13199: 13135: 13133: 12765: 11747: 11738: 11643: 11422: 11420: 11024: 11022: 9030:New US Ambassador to Russia starts with lies 8923: 8816: 7418:Conspiracy Theories: A Critical Introduction 7342: 7157: 7155: 7153: 6480:. Russian Analytical Digest. Vol. 177. 6400: 6144:Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej 5855: 5396: 5394: 5351:Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review 4977: 4975: 4973: 4896: 4853: 4851: 3447:, worshipful portrayal of Russian leaders". 1318:and criminal case investigation was opened. 677: 16841: 16776: 16554: 16538:"Death toll in South Ossetia reaches 2,000" 16140: 15994: 15748:"Foxtel pulls Russia Today channel off air" 15518: 15434: 15406: 14249: 14150: 14141: 13662: 12514: 12501: 12464: 12200: 12086:(in Spanish). Actualidad RT. 12 July 2014. 11960: 11958: 11956: 11359: 11357: 9930: 9928: 9863: 9102: 9100: 9098: 8867: 8792: 8790: 8663: 8661: 8012: 7850: 7753: 7751: 7712: 7395: 6868: 6824: 6799: 6790: 6772:"Ukraine hits back at Russian TV onslaught" 6764: 6626: 6410:. Russian Analytical Digest. Vol. 17. 6184:; Faris, Rob; Roberts, Hal (October 2018). 5819: 5605: 5340: 5338: 5336: 5299:Boston University International Law Journal 4349:A report released by the US think-tank the 4000:Shaun Walker, the Moscow correspondent for 3355:In 2022, Martin Moore and Thomas Colley of 3271:, called on British broadcasting regulator 3184: 1603:, RT also operates the following websites: 1087:userbase, right before the start of former 1075:reported that RT had created an account on 830:, not the countries he mentioned. In 2011, 427:RT has regularly been described as a major 24198:24-hour television news channels in Russia 23020: 23006: 21292: 21278: 21164: 21150: 20211: 20197: 18471: 18457: 18321: 18307: 18278: 17616: 16804: 16617:Ofcom Broadcast Bulletin – Graphic footage 16567: 16329: 16201:, U.S. Department of State, archived from 15712:"SBS suspends Russian state media outlets" 15462: 15178:"Russian bid to counter Western criticism" 13761: 13728: 13695: 13576: 13195: 13193: 13163: 12986: 12570:"Kremlin's UK TV fails to match ambitions" 11811:"RTД – your guide to the depths of Russia" 11462: 11460: 11458: 11456: 11454: 11298: 11296: 11294: 11292: 11290: 11201:"РАМИ "РИА Новости", ФГУП, ИНН 7704005030" 11168: 10280: 10278: 10276: 10122:"Ofcom launches 15 investigations into RT" 9707:"My new post, on Redfish and Russia Today" 9569: 9185: 9183: 9181: 9001:"McFaul and the Moscow opposition rallies" 8962: 8960: 8707: 8705: 8703: 8701: 8699: 8697: 8695: 8627: 8614: 8551: 8549: 8303:Russia's 'CNN' wants to tell it like it is 7882: 7587: 6869:Golovchenko, Yevgeniy (11 December 2020). 6466: 6464: 6462: 6460: 6458: 5636: 5590: 5096:Golovchenko, Yevgeniy; Hartmann, Mareike; 4934: 4839: 4561:on 23 February when Russia recognized the 4076:In September 2012, UK broadcast regulator 3544: 3086:In a 2022 research paper comparing RT and 2896:, and heads of state, including Ecuador's 925:third-party debate among four third-party 329: 22986:, Joint venture National Media Group and 17274:Williams, Christopher (7 February 2017). 17240: 17209: 16832: 16176: 15226: 14565:Rietjens, Sebastiaan (2 September 2019). 14462: 14173: 13901:"New Global TV Venture to Promote Russia" 13512: 13510: 13130: 13026: 13024: 13022: 13020: 13018: 13016: 13014: 12684:"YouTube Video Creation–A Shared Process" 12477: 12439:. Ipsnews.net. Retrieved 7 December 2011. 11417: 11019: 10442:Pullar-Strecker, Tom (27 February 2022). 9302: 9300: 8524: 8522: 8520: 8474: 8472: 8470: 8468: 8466: 8297: 8295: 8293: 7477: 7370: 7150: 7090: 6886: 6736: 6734: 6707:"Russia Today launches first UK ad blitz" 6545: 6486:Research Centre for East European Studies 6423: 6416:Research Centre for East European Studies 6404:Russia's Public Foreign Policy Narratives 6203: 5927: 5728: 5391: 5366: 5126: 4970: 4848: 4644: 3877:compelled RT to file paperwork under the 3510:RT, particularly the former RT presenter 1559:RT UK was based at RT's London bureau at 1209:from its channel lineup. On 1 March, the 21327:Russian Satellite Communications Company 21299: 19831: 17524: 17497:"Ofcom Broadcast and On Demand Bulletin" 17338: 17273: 17135: 16731: 16330:Confessore, Nicholas (26 October 2017). 16188: 15764: 15379:Lakkana Nanayakkara (22 November 2012). 15327:"Канада в Российских Сми: Мифы и Реалии" 15232: 15084: 14814: 14783: 14564: 14380: 14378: 14114: 13762:Van Herpen, Marcel H. (1 October 2015). 13572: 13570: 13484: 13063: 13061: 12872: 12841: 12485:"RT Russian news channel goes HD on Sky" 12452:'Russia Today' Doubles its U.S. Audience 12272: 12056: 11953: 11617: 11354: 11169:Kolesnikov, Aleksandr (28 August 2020). 11007: 10474: 9925: 9838: 9595:RT unveils dedicated news channel for UK 9576:Visit to Russia Today television channel 9095: 8787: 8658: 7981: 7891: 7829: 7748: 7679: 7256: 7161: 6622: 6620: 6618: 6616: 6614: 6612: 6610: 6608: 6606: 6576: 6047: 5432: 5430: 5428: 5333: 4892: 4890: 4648: 4253: 4202:Steve Bloomfield, the foreign editor of 4145:RT America broadcast with former anchor 4140: 4020: 3906: 3801:as "misuse of the EU sanctions policy". 3720:Commission for Licensing and Supervision 3589:, the head of Russia's state-controlled 3531: 3421: 3361:2020 United States presidential election 3275:to act against this "den of deceivers". 3092:2020 United States presidential election 2970: 2855: 2733: 2712: 2053: 2006: 1916:as "one of RT's most popular vehicles". 1353: 981: 689: 681: 610: 553: 23027: 17995: 17738: 17710: 17682: 17083: 17057: 16952:Bentzen, Naja; Russell, Martin (2015), 16810: 16779:"How the Truth is Made at Russia Today" 16770: 16636:Ofcom Broadcast Bulletin – Syrian Diary 16122: 16102: 15565:from the original on 18 September 2019. 15435:Porterfield, Carlie (2 November 2021). 14949: 14853:"Inside RT's world of alternative news" 14823:"Confessions of an American Illuminati" 14820: 14789: 14662: 14495: 14324: 14284:. Paul, Christopher, Matthews, Miriam. 14028: 14000:"Putin's Magnificent Messaging Machine" 13958: 13893: 13804: 13634:"Nigel Farage: I admire Vladimir Putin" 13190: 12950: 12312: 11964: 11654:"About RT (formerly corporate profile)" 11451: 11426: 11287: 11261: 10947:Russia: Another Media-Management Change 10738: 10672: 10273: 9178: 8957: 8692: 8667: 8628:Zagorodnov, Artem (25 September 2008). 8546: 8406: 8365: 8334: 7977: 7975: 7757: 7654:Alevtina Kuzmenkova (18 October 2016). 7523:"How The Truth Is Made At Russia Today" 7123: 6701: 6455: 6252: 5606:von Twickel, Nikolaus (23 March 2010). 5241: 4290:that allegations made in an episode of 3833:– RT has been banned in Ukraine by the 3443:accused the network of "often virulent 1771:broadcaster, or minor channels such as 886:, a news interview programme hosted by 622:visits RT offices with Editor-in-Chief 589:Federal Agency for Press and Mass Media 14: 24273:Television channels in North Macedonia 24268:Television channels in the Netherlands 24175: 19228: 17895: 17891: 17889: 17246: 17109: 16753: 16198:Russia Today's Disinformation Campaign 16048:"Ofcom revokes RT's broadcast licence" 15582:Official Journal of the European Union 15276:from the original on 25 September 2015 15263: 15157:from the original on 14 September 2022 15099:from the original on 21 September 2022 15025: 14893:from the original on 15 September 2022 14630:Radziwinowicz, Wacław (18 July 2014). 14477:from the original on 29 September 2016 14429: 14252:"Inside the Kremlin's hall of mirrors" 14231:from the original on 19 September 2016 13997: 13959:Johnson, Adam H. (23 September 2016). 13696:Mezzofiore, Gianluca (24 March 2014). 13507: 13011: 12321:from the original on 20 September 2015 12285:from the original on 20 September 2015 12241: 12044:from the original on 25 September 2015 11941:from the original on 28 September 2021 10583: 10558: 10378: 10284: 10246: 10180: 9297: 9189: 8966: 8517: 8514:interview on RT website. (via YouTube) 8463: 8290: 8137: 8057:from the original on 17 September 2022 7666:from the original on 20 October 2016. 7481:Making the World Safe for Dictatorship 7404: 7045:International Journal of Communication 6913: 6835: 6740: 6731: 5945:from the original on 29 September 2020 5453:from the original on 20 September 2020 5439:"Question That: RT's Military Mission" 5400: 5288: 4992: 4693:August 2010 – First nomination for an 4551:" to describe the military offensive. 4398:for relying in part on an analysis by 4286:. It also upheld the complaint by the 3931:, sparking an angry response from the 3881:in the United States. Previously, the 3729:(ZAK) on 2 February 2022. The Russian 3210:Disinformation and conspiracy theories 1250:Court of Justice of the European Union 1069:In February 2021, Matt Field from the 702:in 2007, the Spanish language channel 529:and de-ranked their search results on 431:outlet for the Russian government and 23001: 21273: 21145: 20192: 19510: 19393: 18452: 18439: 18302: 18135:; Brennan, Christopher (5 May 2014). 17923: 17654: 17084:Jackson, Jasper (21 September 2015). 16971: 16927: 15550: 15324: 15007:from the original on 15 December 2018 14718: 14685: 14510:from the original on 17 December 2020 14463:Bugorkova, Olga (28 September 2016). 14419:from the original on 13 October 2015. 14375: 14081: 14037:from the original on 30 December 2015 13940:from the original on 22 February 2022 13811:European Council on Foreign Relations 13567: 13516: 13058: 13030: 12928:. 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The first guest on the program was 24243:Spanish-language television stations 24238:Russian-language television stations 24213:English-language television stations 18167: 17996:Klepper, David (14 September 2024). 17959: 17838: 17711:Escritt, Thomas (28 February 2022). 17683:Kersley, Andrew (25 February 2022). 17364: 17288:from the original on 11 January 2022 17247:Ingram, Matthew (25 November 2016), 17110:Kramer, David J. (23 October 2015). 16879: 16576: 16495:William Dunbar (20 September 2010). 15818: 15585:. 21 March 2014 – via EUR-Lex. 15524: 15348:Rachel Hirshfeld (4 February 2013). 15245:from the original on 16 October 2015 15233:Kirchick, James (18 February 2009). 15190:from the original on 1 February 2014 15175: 14970:from the original on 16 January 2017 14821:Drezner, Daniel W. 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(Patrick Hilsman) 3094:, Martin Moore and Thomas Colley of 2551: 798:, Chairman of the U.S. Government's 591:, part of the government of Russia. 465:, she stated that it was "waging an 19791: 17886: 17032:. 21 September 2015. Archived from 16928:David, Maxine (23 September 2016), 16792:Bloomfield, Steve (24 April 2014). 16103:Balluck, Kyle (12 September 2017). 15463:Zakrzewski, Cat (2 November 2021). 15125:from the original on 19 August 2022 15066:from the original on 19 August 2022 14950:Timberg, Craig (24 November 2016). 14765:from the original on 10 August 2021 14731:from the original on 10 August 2021 14686:Ennis, Stephen (16 November 2014). 14444:from the original on 4 October 2016 14430:Weaver, Matthew (13 October 2015). 14292:from the original on 13 August 2018 14250:Pomerantsev, Peter (9 April 2015). 14033:. 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claims of electoral fraud 3301:The Protocols of the Elders of Zion 3244:into a U.S. government conspiracy. 3015:said the creation of RT "smacks of 1948: 1533:United States Department of Justice 923:Free and Equal Elections Foundation 475:United States Department of Justice 388:, included ANO "TV-Novosti" on its 24: 22305:Start Broadcasting (distribution) 20030: 17960:Roth, Andrew (13 September 2024). 17924:Couts, Andrew (4 September 2024). 17339:Spangler, Todd (19 January 2017). 17317:. 19 December 2016. pp. 18–26 17058:Burrell, Ian (21 September 2015). 16732:Eversley, Melanie (6 March 2014). 16516:Nick Holdsworth (12 August 2008). 16195:Stengel, Richard (29 April 2014), 16147:Logiurato, Brett (26 April 2014), 15943: 15504:Center for Countering Digital Hate 15306:from the original on 26 April 2019 14700:from the original on 21 April 2020 14542:from the original on 14 March 2016 14115:Harrison, Stephen (1 March 2022). 14029:Schreck, Carl (25 February 2015). 13928:"How RT Navigates 'Us' 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2021 13961:"Who's Afraid of 'Russia Today'?" 13817:from the original on 1 March 2021 13579:"I Love the Julian Assange Show!" 13555:from the original on 16 June 2016 13517:Sousa, Ann De (26 January 2012). 13402:from the original on 29 July 2021 13372:from the original on 8 March 2021 13342:from the original on 4 April 2017 13312:from the original on 6 March 2020 13070:"Alyona Minkovski: She's Got It!" 13067: 12989:"I Love the Julian Assange Show!" 12842:Erlanger, Steven (8 March 2017). 12611:, BARB. 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Saint Petersburg: 15318: 15288: 15235:"Pravda on the Potomac (page 2)" 15202: 15169: 15137: 15111: 15078: 15052: 15019: 14943: 14905: 14875: 14863:from the original on 10 May 2022 14845: 14753:Kamm, Oliver (31 October 2014). 14746: 14712: 14656: 14623: 14558: 14489: 14456: 14423: 14359:Current Time (27 October 2021). 14318: 14274: 14243: 14213: 14108: 14075: 14049: 14022: 13998:Michel, Casey (25 August 2015). 13991: 13952: 13919: 13860: 13829: 13798: 13755: 13722: 13689: 13626: 13601: 13537: 13392:"Worlds Apart with Oksana Boyko" 13354: 13324: 13259: 13224: 13112: 13096: 12980: 12968:from the original on 16 May 2019 12932:from the original on 16 May 2019 12901:Springtime (For Putin) In Russia 12893: 12866: 12759: 12723: 12706: 12676: 12644: 12614: 12594: 12423: 12393: 12363: 12333: 12266: 12218:from the original on 7 June 2023 12174:Knox, David (16 February 2015). 12167: 12137: 12102: 12076: 12030: 12014:. 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At the time of RT's founding, 72: 24263:Television channels in Flanders 22141:Izvestia (branded as "iz") (HD) 21357:State Television and Radio Fund 19821: 19286: 19276: 19046: 16906:Ofcom Broadcast Bulletin – MH17 16880:Kemp, Stuart (5 January 2015). 16159:from the original on 4 May 2014 14719:Cohen, Nick (8 November 2014). 14503:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 14325:Hilsman, Patrick (6 May 2015). 12242:Benton, Joshua (2 March 2022). 12149:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 12067:Al Yah Satellite Communications 11791:from the original on 7 May 2019 11475:from the original on 6 May 2023 11429:"Inside Putin's on-air machine" 11016:, RIA Novosti, 6 February 2012. 10854:Gotev, Georgi (31 March 2023). 10475:Spangler, Todd (3 March 2022). 10313:Mayo, Benjamin (1 March 2022). 10247:Fingas, J. 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E-International Relations. 13729:Tom Porter (16 August 2017). 12788:10.1080/09636412.2021.1885730 12600:BARB Q3 2015 viewing figures 12520:BARB Q4 2013 viewing figures 12511:, BARB. Retrieved 6 June 2014 12507:BARB Q4 2012 viewing figures 12498:. Retrieved 13 December 2013. 12474:, BARB. Retrieved 6 June 2014 12470:BARB Q3 2012 viewing figures 11637:The Christian Science Monitor 10706:Sauer, Pjotr (7 March 2022). 10379:Weprin, Alex (1 March 2022). 10285:Kanter, Jake (1 March 2022). 9162:. Russia: RT. 13 April 2012. 8230:Bond, Shannon (6 June 2024). 8176:. Reuters. 28 February 2022. 7898:Public Broadcasting of Latvia 7795:""Нет никакой объективности"" 7521:Gray, Rosie (13 March 2014). 7478:Dukalskis, Alexander (2021). 6336:Ižak, Štefan (January 2019). 5871:(in Russian). 9 August 2020. 5437:Nimmo, Ben (8 January 2018). 5199:10.1080/09662839.2017.1294162 5053:10.1080/1461670X.2017.1316681 4807: 4731:Guantanamo Bay hunger strikes 4598:distributed denial of service 4495:Salisbury nerve agent attacks 4212:After the July 2014 crash of 4029:in Moscow on 10 December 2011 4025:RT team covering protests in 3817:National Broadcasting Council 3718:was banned in Germany by the 3655:suspend broadcasts of RT and 3403:was not. Masha Karp wrote in 3393:The Christian Science Monitor 3062:Columbia School of Journalism 2988:Propaganda and related issues 2984:World with George Galloway". 2963:, and the "New World Order". 2868:Notable guests have included 2842:told Nikolaus von Twickel of 1265:distributed denial of service 880:On 17 April 2012, RT debuted 752:as the aggressor against the 594:In 2005, RIA Novosti founded 562:RT's formation was part of a 549: 508:in February 2022. During the 490:Russia's annexation of Crimea 24278:Publicly funded broadcasters 24223:Internet television channels 20218: 18168:Saul, Heather (6 May 2014). 17577:RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty 17172:. 4 July 2016. pp. 5–30 16842:Alex Altman (21 July 2014). 16645:, 16 December 2013, pp 6–25. 16626:, 4 November 2013, pp 14–17. 16607:, 5 November 2012, pp 15–27. 16130:"Secretary Kerry on Ukraine" 15525:Bush, Daniel (9 June 2020). 15407:Barak Ravid (31 July 2012). 14538:(in Russian). 17 July 2014. 13703:International Business Times 12877:. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 12208:"RT. About Us. Distribution" 11965:@DFRLab (24 November 2021). 11328:Translation from the Russian 10829:"RT Hindi debuts on Twitter" 10346:Keck, Catie (1 March 2022). 9255:Assange chats with terrorist 9136:. WikiLeaks. 13 April 2012. 8868:Kirit Radia (2 March 2011). 8670:"Russia Today: Youth served" 7928:(in Lithuanian). 8 July 2020 7803:(in Russian). 7 April 2012. 6914:Walker, Christopher (2016). 5574:(in Russian). Archived from 5401:Fisher, Max (13 June 2013). 4832: 4573:suspended his RT talk show, 4435:inauguration of Donald Trump 4424: 4373:In November 2016, after the 4246: 3982: 3835:Ministry of Internal Affairs 3595:2014 invasion and annexation 3564: 3506:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 3318:In 2017, RT started its own 3309:Russian annexation of Crimea 2780:Center for American Progress 2049: 1797: 1759:). RT was soon overtaken by 1177:removed RT and Sputnik from 844: 769:George Washington University 457:compared the channel to the 287:(registered on 6 April 2005) 7: 21975:GPM Movies and Thematic TV 21232:Politicking with Larry King 18481:European Broadcasting Union 16870:, 10 November 2014, pp 5–44 16177:Logiurato (29 April 2014), 15176:Weir, Fred (8 March 2007). 13807:"Putin's friends in Europe" 12924:Field, Matt (15 May 2019). 7758:Default (15 January 2018). 6525:Strategic Studies Quarterly 6322:Russia Beyond the Headlines 6281:10.1007/978-3-319-32530-9_9 4767:Russia Beyond the Headlines 4744: 4315:Genocide of Eastern Ukraine 4214:Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 4073:rather than the complaint. 4067:Federal Election Commission 3731:Ministry of Foreign Affairs 3643:Minister for Communications 3524:. Israeli foreign minister 3173:Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 2817:Southern Poverty Law Center 2420:How to Watch the News with 2214:Africa Now with Paula Slier 2080: 1841:Defense Intelligence Agency 1747:channel in Britain, behind 1257:Russian invasion of Ukraine 1066:, a Maffick-owned channel. 541:through third-party sites. 510:Russian invasion of Ukraine 459:Russian Ministry of Defence 10: 24304: 24248:International broadcasters 24228:Multilingual news services 22341:Central Television Channel 22291:Fenix Film (distribution) 22268:Star Media (distribution) 21352:Orbita broadcasting system 21332:Ostankino Technical Center 17308:"Ofcom Broadcast Bulletin" 17163:"Ofcom Broadcast Bulletin" 17023:"Ofcom Broadcast Bulletin" 13577:Tracy Quan (3 July 2012). 12987:Tracy Quan (3 July 2012). 10961:. Retrieved 29 March 2010. 6888:10.1057/s41599-020-00659-9 6636:Columbia Journalism Review 6630:(September–October 2010). 5781:Cohen, Howard (May 2018). 5260:10.1057/s42984-020-00029-4 4675:September 2008 – Russia's 4630:2024 presidential election 4457:U.S. Department of Justice 4323: 3650:public service broadcaster 3482:Russian studies professor 3352:disinformation campaigns. 2966: 2884:; journalists and writers 2540:, resigned) from RT France 2088: 2014:(2012–2015) presenter and 1938:Columbia Journalism Review 1424: 1349:Higher School of Economics 977:PRISM surveillance program 544: 311:https://www.rt.com/on-air/ 268:6 April 2005; 19 years ago 49: 42: 31: 24068: 23960: 23834: 23628: 23392: 23035: 22975: 22666: 22490: 22411: 22354: 22324: 22228: 22162: 22132: 21936: 21881: 21738: 21725: 21678: 21652: 21606: 21558: 21530: 21519: 21454: 21378: 21365: 21307: 21188: 21123: 21072: 21009: 20965: 20814: 20226: 20140: 20096: 20087: 19590: 19372: 19363: 19164: 19123: 18496: 18487: 18446: 18441:Links to related articles 18410: 18389: 18373: 18337: 15980:Reporters Without Borders 15145:"RT in Europe and beyond" 13933:E-International Relations 12622:"Monthly viewing summary" 12490:24 September 2015 at the 11324:Anatomy of Non-Resistance 11274:24 September 2015 at the 9511:25 September 2015 at the 9313:29 September 2012 at the 8744:25 September 2015 at the 8535:25 September 2015 at the 8443:[Frolov Sergey]. 5687:Stanford University Press 4777:Soviet Central Television 4715:from President of Russia 4467:. A spokesperson for the 4262:Following the March 2015 3873:– In September 2017, the 3799:Reporters Without Borders 3791:Linas Antanas Linkevičius 3597:of Ukraine's Crimea. The 3569: 3426:RT reporter covering the 3041:E-International Relations 3009:Reporters Without Borders 2729: 2707:– Washington, D.C. bureau 2220: 1847:in the early days of the 1806: 1403: 1397: 1389: 1229:officially banned RT and 1102:, an organization run by 851:U.S. Ambassador to Russia 678:Development and expansion 600: 355: 316: 304: 299: 291: 272: 264: 259: 199: 191: 186: 154: 132: 127: 116: 108: 100: 80: 71: 23472:Cubavision International 22813:National Geographic Wild 22344:360 - Moscow Region (HD) 21813:Mosfilm. Gold collection 20976:Local Television Limited 20942:RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta 20862:BBC Radio 5 Sports Extra 16911:14 February 2015 at the 16811:Szoldra (19 July 2014), 16400:. Reuters. 6 August 2020 16230:. Reuters. 27 April 2017 15911:. Alexandra Hudson (ed.) 14530: 13613:11 November 2012 at the 13287:10.1177/1367549419871346 13245:10.1177/1367549419871353 13179:6 September 2012 at the 11684: 9600:29 November 2014 at the 9088:22 February 2012 at the 8910:10 November 2012 at the 8848:28 February 2017 at the 8828:27 February 2022 at the 8739:Clarity in the Caucasus? 7765:East StratCom Task Force 7354:Journal of Communication 7319:University of Montenegro 6425:10.3929/ethz-b-000311091 6316:. It is complemented by 6263:; Heier, Tormod (eds.). 5564: 5533: 4812: 4695:International Emmy Award 4534:Global Engagement Center 4469:Russian foreign ministry 4375:US presidential election 4033:In 2012, Jesse Zwick of 3933:Russian foreign ministry 3875:US Department of Justice 3841:of Ukrainian territory. 3685:– On 16 March 2022, the 3659:news programming on its 3185:joint investigation team 3183:(DSB) and the Dutch-led 3167:and conspiracy theories. 3109:One America News Network 2397:The News with Ed Schultz 1390:ФГУП "РАМИ "РИА Новости" 1373:(directly translated as 1110:German media regulator. 1096:second impeachment trial 927:candidates for President 824:China Central Television 648:fall of the Soviet Union 295:Russia Today (2005–2009) 38:Russian Federation Today 24047:TV Brasil Internacional 23588:Telesistema Informativo 23582:Telemundo Internacional 20932:Premier Christian Radio 18332:(formerly Russia Today) 16722:retrieved 21 March 2014 16706:retrieved 11 April 2014 15210:"Counterpoints: KGB TV" 14779:(subscription required) 13109:web site, 4 April 2011. 12607:29 January 2016 at the 11757:. Lisa Shumaker (ed.). 11116:. RT. 9 December 2013. 10419:(in European Spanish). 9279:"New Assange TV Series" 9035:6 November 2012 at the 7486:Oxford University Press 7363:Oxford University Press 7292:10.1111/1467-9256.12097 6632:"What Is Russia Today?" 6357:University of Ljubljana 6196:Oxford University Press 5742:Moscow State University 5119:Oxford University Press 4611: 4523: 4518:COVID-19 misinformation 4500: 4455:In September 2017, the 4303:Saving Syria's Children 4270:was tasked to respond. 4115:, this is happening in 4093: 3919:banned both RT and the 3839:invasion and annexation 3555:COVID-19 misinformation 3545:COVID-19 misinformation 3242:Boston Marathon bombing 3165:COVID-19 misinformation 3017:Soviet-style propaganda 2813:New Black Panther Party 2110:Let's Talk Bharat with 2062:In 2017, RT ran a mock 424:digital media company. 394:Arabic-language channel 248:(including Redfish and 24059:TV Globo Internacional 23815:(United Arab Emirates) 23430:Canal 24 Horas (Chile) 22645:(programm blocks) (HD) 22544:(planned Fonbet Music) 22347:360 - Moscow News (HD) 21524:or Nationwide channels 21367:Terrestrial Nationwide 21131:History of Freeview UK 20887:BBC Radio nan Gàidheal 16915:, 5 January 2015, p 48 15633:www.europarl.europa.eu 14391:, The RAND Corporation 14310:: CS1 maint: others ( 12850:. The New York Times. 12111:Finchelstein, Federico 11366:"RT tightens its belt" 11309:7 October 2014 at the 11304:The Propaganda Machine 10386:The Hollywood Reporter 9824:: CS1 maint: others ( 9581:5 January 2019 at the 9466:19 August 2017 at the 8556:James Painter (2007). 6261:Matláry, Janne Haaland 6091:Springer International 5797:Harvard Kennedy School 5359:Harvard Kennedy School 4657: 4645:Awards and nominations 4344:Yukos shareholder case 4259: 4218:University of Maryland 4169: 4149: 4124:independence' means". 4030: 3989:2008 South Ossetia War 3431: 3192:surface-to-air missile 2976: 2935:, presenting him as a 2865: 2751: 2718: 2617:Documentary presenters 2514:On the Touchline with 2196:The Cost of Everything 2167:On the Touchline with 2059: 2058:Russian Telegraph logo 2021: 1359: 1104:anti-Trump Republicans 1027:similar RT project is 1009: 1000: 746:2008 South Ossetia war 695: 687: 626: 559: 278:; 18 years ago 24283:Russian news websites 24203:Climate change denial 21945:GPM Entertainment TV 21347:Gazprom Space Systems 21218:The Alex Salmond Show 20577:The Jewellery Channel 14331:The Seattle Globalist 13126:on 24 September 2011. 12906:19 April 2023 at the 12457:19 April 2023 at the 11937:. 29 September 2021. 11630:19 April 2023 at the 11368:. Broadband TV News. 9536:14 April 2017 at the 9491:14 April 2017 at the 9442:15 April 2017 at the 9385:9 August 2016 at the 9351:on 10 September 2013. 9260:19 April 2015 at the 9113:10 March 2017 at the 8803:23 April 2019 at the 8798:From Russia with news 8718:12 March 2024 at the 8510:15 April 2023 at the 7870:. Robin Pomeroy (ed.) 7432:10.1057/9780230349216 7424:Palgrave Macmillan UK 7002:Australasian Policing 6991:Nielsen, Rasmus Kleis 6941:10.1353/jod.2016.0007 6134:Reire, Gunda (2015). 5110:International Affairs 5098:Adler-Nissen, Rebecca 4670:Chernobyl catastrophe 4652: 4620:accused RT of paying 4576:The Alex Salmond Show 4511:being poisoned by FSB 4476:Department of Justice 4257: 4164: 4144: 4024: 3907:Political involvement 3532:Climate change denial 3428:George Floyd protests 3425: 3357:King's College London 3333:From the time of the 3144:firehose of falsehood 3096:King's College London 3019:campaigns". In 2009, 2974: 2937:human rights activist 2910:UK Independence Party 2859: 2797:2010 Haiti earthquake 2745: 2716: 2057: 2010: 1673:on 17 February 2015. 1572:(closed 2 March 2022) 1548:(closed 3 March 2022) 1357: 1187:Microsoft Advertising 1018:In October 2016, the 1005: 992: 693: 685: 614: 557: 443:. UK media regulator 276:10 December 2005 24005:Record Internacional 23642:Al-Alam News Network 23576:Telefe Internacional 23067:ABS-CBN News Channel 22462:Da Vinci Russia (HD) 22294:Fenix plus kino (HD) 21970:Neizvestnaya Rossiya 21522:Analog Broadcasting 21369:Digital Broadcasting 21301:Television in Russia 21259:News with Ed Schultz 21085:Analogue terrestrial 18268:at Wikimedia Commons 17220:(26 November 2016), 16978:, Fondation Euractiv 16641:17 June 2016 at the 16622:17 June 2016 at the 16579:"I Was Putin's Pawn" 16205:on 21 September 2017 15933:– via Twitter. 15354:Israel National News 15325:Sigov, Yuri (2020). 14887:EU vs Disinformation 14857:EU vs Disinformation 14617:Taylor & Francis 13425:"On-Air Talent – RT" 12954:(29 November 2017). 12435:7 April 2023 at the 11146:. 31 December 2013. 11035:29 June 2013 at the 10888:. 15 November 2022. 10650:. 25 February 2022. 10128:. 28 February 2022. 10098:. 28 February 2022. 10068:. 28 February 2022. 9942:. 27 February 2022. 9553:. RT International. 9266:Agence France-Presse 9231:5 March 2016 at the 9134:"The World Tomorrow" 9106:Alessandra Stanley, 8674:The Washington Times 8543:, 20 September 2010. 8485:1 March 2019 at the 8308:12 June 2018 at the 6924:Journal of Democracy 6705:(18 December 2009). 6482:University of Bremen 6412:University of Bremen 6093:. pp. 189–224. 5507:Government of Russia 5191:Taylor & Francis 5100:(1 September 2018). 5080:Taylor & Francis 5031:"Stopping Fake News" 4723:for coverage of the 4558:Interdit d'interdire 4277:EU vs Disinformation 3960:British Labour Party 3585:– Sanctions against 3522:Israel National News 3430:in Iran in June 2020 2957:September 11 attacks 2582:– Middle East bureau 2533:Interdit d'interdire 2297:Why you should care! 2130:(various presenters) 2032:conspiracy theorists 1849:Trump administration 1820:According to author 1625:COVID misinformation 1120:Ursula von der Leyen 875:"reset" in relations 871:Obama administration 783:into Iranian leader 604:) was appointed its 23961:Portuguese-language 23819:Syrian News Channel 23029:World news channels 22808:National Geographic 22465:Viju+ Premiere (HD) 22439:Viju TV1000 Novella 22421:Viju TV1000 Russkoe 22367:Bridge Russian Hits 22229:Media Telekom (50%) 21955:GPM Information TV 21100:Digital terrestrial 20698:Talking Pictures TV 17828:. 25 February 2022. 17604:. 29 September 2021 17423:. 12 September 2017 17368:(20 January 2017). 17196:The Washington Post 17116:The Washington Post 16544:on 2 December 2009. 16374:. Dan Grebler (ed.) 15853:Gibraltar Chronicle 15754:. 26 February 2022. 15736:. 26 February 2022. 15718:. 25 February 2022. 15692:on 27 February 2022 15602:Europa (web portal) 15470:The Washington Post 15300:The Washington Post 15215:25 May 2012 at the 14956:The Washington Post 14827:The Washington Post 14470:BBC Russian Service 14412:. 13 October 2015. 14161:Journalism Practice 13907:on 15 November 2012 13670:McClatchy DC Bureau 13105:, press release on 13068:Freed, Benjamin R. 12914:, 27 February 2008. 12733:(6 December 2014). 12712:Jennifer Martinez, 12345:The Washington Post 12113:(21 October 2014). 11503:. 11 October 2015. 11350:on 2 November 2012. 10982:The Washington Post 10977:16 May 2008 at the 10805:. 24 October 2022. 10773:. 23 October 2022. 10623:The Washington Post 10221:The Washington Post 10026:Posadzki, Alexandra 9909:. 4 February 2023. 9652:. 30 January 2017. 9378:Michael Calderone, 9323:, 23 February 2012. 8981:on 28 February 2014 8771:. 13 January 2010. 8373:The Washington Post 8272:10 May 2022 at the 8112:The Washington Post 7956:. 2 February 2022. 7606:. 21 September 2015 7372:10.1093/joc/jqaa027 7195:"Putin TV in Chaos" 7054:USC Annenberg Press 6474:Information Warfare 6361:Alma Mater Europaea 6151:(4). Archived from 6022:The Washington Post 5578:on 20 December 2013 5544:on 27 December 2008 5407:The Washington Post 5368:10.37016/mr-2020-45 4725:Russo-Ukrainian War 4719:to editor-in-chief 4663:Meeting with Nature 4379:The Washington Post 4272:European Parliament 4181:commented on CNN's 4012:ethnically cleansed 3921:Sputnik news agency 3900:Department of State 3604:European Parliament 3287:The Washington Post 3220:conspiracy theories 3090:'s coverage of the 3081:Knowledge community 2872:intellectuals like 2862:Alan Peter Cayetano 2600:Business presenters 2480:Sophie Shevardnadze 2175:Direct Impact with 2157:Scottie Nell Hughes 2104:Scottie Nell Hughes 1959:, hosted by former 1901:The Huffington Post 1767:, the state-funded 1714:The Washington Post 1705:The Washington Post 1270:"Z" military symbol 1100:The Lincoln Project 933:candidate Governor 785:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad 461:. Referring to the 441:conspiracy theories 68: 24208:Conspiracist media 23915:Le Canal Nouvelles 23545:Milenio Televisión 23335:Sky News Australia 23109:Al Jazeera English 22468:Viju+ Megahit (HD) 22433:Viju TV1000 Action 22311:Start Triumpf (HD) 22026:Russkaya Noch (HD) 21987:Muzhskoe Kino (HD) 21798:Russian Bestseller 20937:RNIB Connect Radio 20892:BBC Radio Scotland 20259:Al Jazeera English 18133:Nechepurenko, Ivan 18061:on 11 October 2017 17874:. 5 September 2024 17776:. 24 February 2022 17506:. 20 December 2018 17477:. 20 December 2018 17449:. 13 November 2017 17366:Wong, Julia Carrie 17003:on 6 December 2017 16934:, The Conversation 16426:, 21 November 2017 16398:The New York Times 16336:The New York Times 15856:. 25 February 2022 15716:The Canberra Times 15660:The New York Times 14919:. 28 August 2016. 14917:The New York Times 14410:Dutch Safety Board 14010:on 28 October 2015 13881:on 7 December 2010 13623:, 9 November 2012. 13147:. 25 August 2011. 12848:The New York Times 12119:The New York Times 11640:, 25 January 2012. 11435:. pp. 44–51. 11284:, 12 December 2005 10034:The Globe and Mail 9476:, 5 November 2012. 9418:on 27 October 2012 9120:The New York Times 9043:, 2 February 2012. 8876:on 1 October 2011. 8813:, 15 January 2010. 8754:, 11 October 2009. 8640:Rossiyskaya Gazeta 8492:The New York Times 8318:, 16 August 2005. 8280:, 1 December 2005. 7716:(4 January 2015). 7714:Pomerantsev, Peter 7660:Transitions Online 7347:(1 October 2020). 6993:(1 January 2018). 6806:The New York Times 6746:The New York Times 6273:Palgrave Macmillan 6267:Ukraine and Beyond 6186:"Epistemic Crisis" 6158:on 4 November 2021 6015:(21 August 2020). 5799:. pp. 17–18. 5793:Harvard University 5618:Rossiyskaya Gazeta 5355:Harvard University 5252:Palgrave Macmillan 5226:Charles University 5036:Journalism Studies 4801:The New York Times 4721:Margarita Simonyan 4706:Occupy Wall Street 4701:'s trip to Russia. 4658: 4632:. The same month, 4418:2016 Warsaw summit 4386:was criticized by 4361:. Two episodes of 4260: 4241:statutory sanction 4172:The New York Times 4162:, Wahl responded, 4150: 4031: 4016:Human Rights Watch 3965:In July 2019, the 3938:In November 2017, 3705:State Media Treaty 3613:Margarita Simonyan 3473:The New York Times 3469:Alessandra Stanley 3459:Al Jazeera English 3432: 3412:The New York Times 3391:A 2007 article in 3265:, a columnist for 3234:A 2013 article in 3181:Dutch Safety Board 3124:Russo-Georgian War 3051:The New York Times 3002:Russo-Georgian War 2977: 2939:. Such figures as 2922:Richard B. Spencer 2866: 2840:Margarita Simonyan 2836:Al Jazeera English 2752: 2746:Russian President 2719: 2624:Discovering Russia 2455:Watching the Hawks 2364:Adam vs. the Man ( 2202:The Whistleblowers 2183:Worlds Apart with 2155:The 360 View with 2072:Russian Revolution 2066:program under the 2060: 2040:white supremacists 2022: 1993:The New York Times 1837:lieutenant general 1834:United States Army 1761:Al Jazeera English 1695:Chelyabinsk meteor 1384:RAMI RIA Novosti ( 1382:unitary enterprise 1360: 1001: 975:'s leaking of the 832:Secretary of State 696: 688: 643:The New York Times 631:Margarita Simonyan 627: 624:Margarita Simonyan 568:Russian Government 560: 463:Russo-Georgian War 455:Margarita Simonyan 433:its foreign policy 364:Russian government 66: 63:Television channel 24138: 24137: 24132: 24131: 24025:SIC Internacional 24015:RTP Internacional 23697:Al Jazeera Arabic 23155:CNN International 22995: 22994: 22990: 22944:Paramount Channel 22901:CNN International 22838:Discovery Science 22662: 22661: 22658: 22657: 22621:Svoboda News (HD) 22531:Russian Music Box 22510:Jibek Joly Cinema 22477:Viju+ Planet (HD) 22474:Viju+ Serial (HD) 22471:Viju+ Comedy (HD) 22320: 22319: 22106:Match! Football 3 22100:Match! Football 2 22094:Match! Football 1 21990:Kinosvidanie (HD) 21978:Kinopremiera (HD) 21803:Russian Detective 21721: 21720: 21679:Other state-owned 21515: 21514: 21267: 21266: 21139: 21138: 21010:Streamed channels 20996:Sheffield Live TV 20957:Trans World Radio 20907:BBC World Service 20877:BBC Radio Cymru 2 20867:BBC Radio 6 Music 20852:BBC Radio 4 Extra 20822:BBC Asian Network 20186: 20185: 20182: 20181: 20083: 20082: 19359: 19358: 18433: 18432: 18264:Media related to 18024:News of the Okrug 16312:, 26 October 2017 16132:(Press release). 15800:. 2 February 2022 15609:on 29 August 2019 15506:. 2 November 2021 15360:on 6 October 2014 14859:. 13 April 2017. 13640:. 31 March 2014. 13620:Los Angeles Times 12714:Pew: Russia Today 10515:. 12 March 2022. 10156:Tech Policy Press 9717:on 13 August 2018 9369:, 17 August 2012. 8858:, 5 October 2010. 8765:"'Question More'" 8570:Oxford University 7730:on 5 January 2015 7495:978-0-19-752014-7 7441:978-1-349-32350-0 7426:. pp. 9–10. 7223:"Airwaves wobbly" 6290:978-3-319-32530-9 6215:978-0-19-092362-4 6100:978-3-030-20579-9 5941:. 11 April 2019. 5901:(11 April 2019). 5899:Zara, Christopher 5696:978-1-5036-3115-1 5182:European Security 5128:10.1093/ia/iiy148 4789:Explanatory notes 4465:freedom of speech 4363:Going Underground 4334:In October 2015, 4319:crucifying babies 4309:In an episode of 4184:Piers Morgan Live 4098:On 4 March 2014, 3972:alternative media 3967:UK Foreign Office 3956:Shadow Chancellor 3751:– Chief Minister 3551:COVID-19 pandemic 3526:Avigdor Lieberman 3324:Poynter Institute 3029:Andrey Illarionov 2949:David Ray Griffin 2926:white supremacist 2829:white nationalist 2743: 2726: 2725: 2659:Dmitry Glukhovsky 2416:) from RT America 2392:) from RT America 2293:) from RT America 2134:Going Underground 2102:Perspective with 2044:Holocaust deniers 1822:Peter Pomerantsev 1667:Cristina Kirchner 1591: 1590: 1418:BBC World Service 1240:On 8 March 2022, 994:Russian President 990: 931:Libertarian Party 908:denial of service 808:Radio Free Europe 720:Akademik Fyodorov 715:Artur Chilingarov 670:like CNN and the 617:Russian President 584:Svetlana Mironyuk 484:RT was banned in 337: 336: 148:Online platforms: 16:(Redirected from 24295: 24168: 24167: 24162: 24160: 24146: 24112: 24000: 23927:Presse Africaine 23910: 23772: 23736:(United Kingdom) 23723: 23681:(United Kingdom) 23668: 23614: 23606:TV Perú Noticias 23565: 23486: 23418:Canal 5 Noticias 23393:Spanish-language 23359:TOLOnews English 23331:(United Kingdom) 23133:CBC News Network 23129:(United Kingdom) 23036:English-language 23022: 23015: 23008: 22999: 22998: 22977: 22939:Paramount Comedy 22625:Euronews Russian 22601: 22600: 22178:Dom Kino Premium 22160: 22159: 21996:Nashe novoe kino 21736: 21735: 21528: 21527: 21455:Second Multiplex 21376: 21375: 21294: 21287: 21280: 21271: 21270: 21253:Breaking the Set 21166: 21159: 21152: 21143: 21142: 20897:BBC Radio Ulster 20857:BBC Radio 5 Live 20213: 20206: 20199: 20190: 20189: 20094: 20093: 20032: 19833: 19823: 19793: 19783: 19674: 19664: 19654: 19512: 19497: 19423: 19413: 19395: 19385: 19370: 19369: 19288: 19278: 19240: 19230: 19058: 19048: 19038: 18494: 18493: 18473: 18466: 18459: 18450: 18449: 18437: 18436: 18390:Other properties 18345:RT International 18323: 18316: 18309: 18300: 18299: 18285: 18282: 18277: 18276: 18274:Official website 18263: 18247: 18246: 18244: 18242: 18237:on 15 April 2017 18233:. Archived from 18223: 18217: 18216: 18214: 18212: 18203:. Archived from 18193: 18187: 18186: 18184: 18182: 18165: 18159: 18158: 18156: 18154: 18145:. Archived from 18142:The Moscow Times 18129: 18123: 18122: 18120: 18118: 18113:on 18 April 2015 18103: 18097: 18096: 18094: 18092: 18087:on 19 March 2015 18077: 18071: 18070: 18068: 18066: 18060: 18054:. Archived from 18053: 18045: 18039: 18033: 18027: 18021: 18015: 18014: 18012: 18010: 18003:Associated Press 17993: 17987: 17986: 17984: 17982: 17957: 17951: 17950: 17948: 17946: 17921: 17915: 17914: 17912: 17910: 17893: 17884: 17883: 17881: 17879: 17862: 17856: 17855: 17853: 17851: 17836: 17830: 17829: 17818: 17812: 17811: 17809: 17807: 17792: 17786: 17785: 17783: 17781: 17764: 17758: 17757: 17755: 17753: 17736: 17730: 17729: 17727: 17725: 17708: 17702: 17701: 17699: 17697: 17680: 17674: 17673: 17671: 17669: 17652: 17646: 17645: 17640: 17638: 17628: 17620: 17614: 17613: 17611: 17609: 17594: 17588: 17587: 17585: 17583: 17569: 17563: 17562: 17560: 17558: 17541: 17535: 17534: 17522: 17516: 17515: 17513: 17511: 17502:. No. 369. 17501: 17493: 17487: 17486: 17484: 17482: 17465: 17459: 17458: 17456: 17454: 17439: 17433: 17432: 17430: 17428: 17413: 17407: 17406: 17404: 17402: 17397:. 8 October 2017 17391: 17385: 17384: 17382: 17380: 17362: 17356: 17355: 17353: 17351: 17336: 17327: 17326: 17324: 17322: 17313:. No. 319. 17312: 17304: 17298: 17297: 17295: 17293: 17279: 17271: 17265: 17264: 17263: 17261: 17244: 17238: 17237: 17236: 17234: 17213: 17207: 17206: 17204: 17202: 17188: 17182: 17181: 17179: 17177: 17168:. No. 308. 17167: 17159: 17153: 17152: 17150: 17148: 17133: 17127: 17126: 17124: 17122: 17107: 17101: 17100: 17098: 17096: 17081: 17075: 17074: 17072: 17070: 17055: 17049: 17048: 17046: 17044: 17038: 17028:. No. 288. 17027: 17019: 17013: 17012: 17010: 17008: 16999:. Archived from 16993: 16987: 16986: 16985: 16983: 16969: 16963: 16962: 16960: 16949: 16943: 16942: 16941: 16939: 16925: 16916: 16903: 16897: 16896: 16894: 16892: 16877: 16871: 16865: 16859: 16858: 16856: 16854: 16839: 16830: 16829: 16828: 16826: 16808: 16802: 16801: 16789: 16783: 16782: 16774: 16768: 16767: 16757: 16751: 16750: 16748: 16746: 16729: 16723: 16713: 16707: 16704:National Journal 16696: 16690: 16689: 16687: 16685: 16679:RT International 16671: 16665: 16664: 16652: 16646: 16633: 16627: 16614: 16608: 16602: 16596: 16595: 16593: 16591: 16574: 16565: 16564: 16552: 16546: 16545: 16534: 16528: 16527: 16513: 16507: 16506: 16492: 16486: 16485: 16484: 16482: 16467: 16461: 16460: 16458: 16456: 16441: 16435: 16434: 16433: 16431: 16416: 16410: 16409: 16407: 16405: 16390: 16384: 16383: 16381: 16379: 16361: 16355: 16354: 16352: 16350: 16327: 16321: 16320: 16319: 16317: 16302: 16296: 16295: 16293: 16291: 16274: 16268: 16267: 16265: 16263: 16256:The Moscow Times 16246: 16240: 16239: 16237: 16235: 16220: 16214: 16213: 16212: 16210: 16192: 16186: 16185: 16183:Business Insider 16174: 16168: 16167: 16166: 16164: 16153:Business Insider 16144: 16138: 16137: 16136:. 24 April 2014. 16126: 16120: 16119: 16117: 16115: 16100: 16094: 16093: 16091: 16089: 16072: 16066: 16065: 16063: 16061: 16044: 16038: 16037: 16035: 16033: 16016: 16010: 16009: 15998: 15992: 15991: 15989: 15987: 15972: 15966: 15965: 15944:Veebel, Viljar. 15941: 15935: 15934: 15927: 15921: 15920: 15918: 15916: 15898: 15892: 15891: 15889: 15887: 15872: 15866: 15865: 15863: 15861: 15844: 15838: 15837: 15835: 15833: 15816: 15810: 15809: 15807: 15805: 15788: 15782: 15781: 15779: 15777: 15762: 15756: 15755: 15744: 15738: 15737: 15726: 15720: 15719: 15708: 15702: 15701: 15699: 15697: 15678: 15672: 15671: 15669: 15667: 15650: 15644: 15643: 15641: 15639: 15625: 15619: 15618: 15616: 15614: 15605:. Archived from 15593: 15587: 15586: 15573: 15567: 15566: 15548: 15542: 15541: 15539: 15537: 15522: 15516: 15515: 15513: 15511: 15496: 15490: 15489: 15487: 15485: 15460: 15454: 15453: 15451: 15449: 15432: 15426: 15425: 15423: 15421: 15404: 15398: 15397: 15395: 15393: 15376: 15370: 15369: 15367: 15365: 15356:. Archived from 15345: 15339: 15338: 15322: 15316: 15315: 15313: 15311: 15292: 15286: 15285: 15283: 15281: 15261: 15255: 15254: 15252: 15250: 15239:The New Republic 15230: 15224: 15206: 15200: 15199: 15197: 15195: 15173: 15167: 15166: 15164: 15162: 15156: 15149: 15141: 15135: 15134: 15132: 15130: 15121:. 16 July 2014. 15115: 15109: 15108: 15106: 15104: 15082: 15076: 15075: 15073: 15071: 15062:. 15 July 2014. 15056: 15050: 15049: 15047: 15045: 15023: 15017: 15016: 15014: 15012: 15003:. 27 July 2017. 14993: 14984: 14983: 14977: 14975: 14947: 14941: 14940: 14938: 14936: 14909: 14903: 14902: 14900: 14898: 14879: 14873: 14872: 14870: 14868: 14849: 14843: 14842: 14840: 14838: 14818: 14812: 14811: 14809: 14807: 14787: 14781: 14780: 14777: 14772: 14770: 14750: 14744: 14743: 14738: 14736: 14716: 14710: 14709: 14707: 14705: 14683: 14677: 14676: 14675:on 20 July 2014. 14671:. Archived from 14669:Business Insider 14660: 14654: 14653: 14651: 14649: 14635: 14627: 14621: 14620: 14614: 14612: 14570: 14562: 14556: 14555: 14549: 14547: 14526: 14520: 14519: 14517: 14515: 14493: 14487: 14486: 14484: 14482: 14460: 14454: 14453: 14451: 14449: 14427: 14421: 14420: 14418: 14407: 14399: 14393: 14392: 14382: 14373: 14372: 14370: 14368: 14356: 14347: 14346: 14344: 14342: 14322: 14316: 14315: 14309: 14301: 14299: 14297: 14286:RAND Corporation 14278: 14272: 14271: 14269: 14267: 14247: 14241: 14240: 14238: 14236: 14217: 14211: 14210: 14208: 14206: 14200: 14177: 14168:(5): 1306–1328. 14157: 14148: 14139: 14138: 14136: 14134: 14112: 14106: 14105: 14103: 14101: 14089:The Moscow Times 14079: 14073: 14072: 14070: 14068: 14053: 14047: 14046: 14044: 14042: 14026: 14020: 14019: 14017: 14015: 14006:. Archived from 13995: 13989: 13988: 13986: 13984: 13956: 13950: 13949: 13947: 13945: 13923: 13917: 13916: 13914: 13912: 13897: 13891: 13890: 13888: 13886: 13877:. Archived from 13864: 13858: 13857: 13855: 13853: 13842:The Sunday Times 13833: 13827: 13826: 13824: 13822: 13802: 13796: 13795: 13793: 13791: 13759: 13753: 13752: 13750: 13748: 13726: 13720: 13719: 13717: 13715: 13693: 13687: 13686: 13684: 13682: 13660: 13654: 13653: 13651: 13649: 13630: 13624: 13605: 13599: 13598: 13596: 13594: 13574: 13565: 13564: 13562: 13560: 13541: 13535: 13534: 13532: 13530: 13514: 13505: 13504: 13502: 13500: 13482: 13473: 13472: 13466: 13458: 13456: 13454: 13444: 13442: 13440: 13429:RT International 13421: 13412: 13411: 13409: 13407: 13388: 13382: 13381: 13379: 13377: 13358: 13352: 13351: 13349: 13347: 13336:RT International 13328: 13322: 13321: 13319: 13317: 13311: 13272: 13263: 13257: 13256: 13228: 13222: 13221: 13219: 13217: 13197: 13188: 13187:, 18 April 2012. 13167: 13161: 13160: 13158: 13156: 13137: 13128: 13127: 13116: 13110: 13100: 13094: 13093: 13091: 13089: 13065: 13056: 13054: 13052: 13050: 13038:The New Republic 13028: 13009: 13008: 13006: 13004: 12984: 12978: 12977: 12975: 12973: 12948: 12942: 12941: 12939: 12937: 12921: 12915: 12897: 12891: 12890: 12888: 12886: 12870: 12864: 12863: 12861: 12859: 12839: 12820: 12819: 12817: 12815: 12775:Security Studies 12771: 12763: 12757: 12756: 12754: 12752: 12731:O'Sullivan, John 12727: 12721: 12710: 12704: 12703: 12701: 12699: 12680: 12674: 12673: 12671: 12669: 12663: 12656: 12648: 12642: 12641: 12639: 12637: 12618: 12612: 12598: 12592: 12591: 12589: 12587: 12565: 12559: 12558: 12556: 12554: 12534: 12525: 12518: 12512: 12505: 12499: 12481: 12475: 12468: 12462: 12449: 12440: 12427: 12421: 12420: 12418: 12416: 12405:RT International 12397: 12391: 12390: 12388: 12386: 12375:RT International 12367: 12361: 12360: 12358: 12356: 12337: 12331: 12330: 12328: 12326: 12310: 12295: 12294: 12292: 12290: 12270: 12264: 12263: 12261: 12259: 12239: 12228: 12227: 12225: 12223: 12204: 12198: 12197: 12195: 12193: 12171: 12165: 12164: 12162: 12160: 12151:. 11 June 2016. 12141: 12135: 12134: 12132: 12130: 12109:Bosoer, Fabián; 12106: 12100: 12099: 12097: 12095: 12080: 12074: 12060: 12054: 12053: 12051: 12049: 12034: 12028: 12027: 12025: 12023: 11998: 11987: 11986: 11984: 11982: 11962: 11951: 11950: 11948: 11946: 11927: 11921: 11920: 11918: 11916: 11901:"Fakecheck – RT" 11897: 11891: 11890: 11888: 11886: 11871:"RT en Français" 11867: 11861: 11860: 11858: 11856: 11837: 11831: 11830: 11828: 11826: 11815:RT International 11807: 11801: 11800: 11798: 11796: 11785:RT International 11777: 11771: 11770: 11768: 11766: 11745: 11736: 11735: 11733: 11731: 11712: 11706: 11705: 11703: 11701: 11680: 11674: 11673: 11671: 11669: 11658:RT International 11650: 11641: 11621: 11615: 11614: 11612: 11610: 11599:RT International 11591: 11585: 11584: 11582: 11580: 11559: 11553: 11552: 11550: 11548: 11531:Rossiya Segodnya 11523: 11517: 11516: 11514: 11512: 11500:The Moscow Times 11491: 11485: 11484: 11482: 11480: 11464: 11449: 11448: 11446: 11444: 11424: 11415: 11414: 11412: 11410: 11398:The Moscow Times 11388: 11382: 11381: 11379: 11377: 11361: 11352: 11351: 11346:. Archived from 11336: 11330: 11320: 11314: 11300: 11285: 11265: 11259: 11258: 11256: 11254: 11248: 11235: 11227: 11221: 11220: 11218: 11216: 11197: 11191: 11190: 11188: 11186: 11166: 11160: 11159: 11157: 11155: 11136: 11130: 11129: 11127: 11125: 11110: 11104: 11103: 11101: 11099: 11088:RT International 11080: 11074: 11073: 11071: 11069: 11058:RT International 11050: 11044: 11028:Oliver Bullough 11026: 11017: 11011: 11005: 10998:Associated Press 10991: 10985: 10968: 10962: 10956: 10950: 10944: 10938: 10937: 10930: 10924: 10923: 10921: 10919: 10900: 10894: 10893: 10885:The Moscow Times 10876: 10870: 10869: 10851: 10845: 10844: 10842: 10840: 10825: 10819: 10818: 10816: 10814: 10802:The Moscow Times 10793: 10787: 10786: 10784: 10782: 10761: 10755: 10754: 10736: 10730: 10729: 10727: 10725: 10703: 10697: 10696: 10694: 10692: 10670: 10664: 10663: 10661: 10659: 10638: 10632: 10631: 10613: 10600: 10599: 10581: 10575: 10574: 10556: 10550: 10549: 10535: 10529: 10528: 10526: 10524: 10505: 10499: 10498: 10496: 10494: 10472: 10466: 10465: 10463: 10461: 10439: 10433: 10432: 10430: 10428: 10409: 10403: 10402: 10400: 10398: 10376: 10370: 10369: 10367: 10365: 10343: 10337: 10336: 10334: 10332: 10310: 10304: 10303: 10301: 10299: 10290: 10282: 10271: 10270: 10268: 10266: 10244: 10238: 10237: 10235: 10233: 10211: 10205: 10204: 10202: 10200: 10178: 10172: 10171: 10169: 10167: 10148: 10142: 10141: 10139: 10137: 10118: 10112: 10111: 10109: 10107: 10088: 10082: 10081: 10079: 10077: 10056: 10050: 10049: 10047: 10045: 10022: 10016: 10015: 10013: 10011: 9992: 9986: 9985: 9983: 9981: 9972:. 3 March 2022. 9962: 9956: 9955: 9953: 9951: 9932: 9923: 9922: 9920: 9918: 9903: 9897: 9896: 9894: 9892: 9870: 9861: 9860: 9858: 9856: 9836: 9830: 9829: 9823: 9815: 9813: 9811: 9790: 9784: 9783: 9781: 9779: 9763: 9757: 9756: 9754: 9752: 9733: 9727: 9726: 9724: 9722: 9713:. Archived from 9703: 9697: 9696: 9694: 9692: 9672: 9666: 9665: 9663: 9661: 9642: 9636: 9635: 9633: 9631: 9611: 9605: 9592: 9586: 9573: 9567: 9566: 9564: 9562: 9547: 9541: 9528: 9522: 9502: 9496: 9483: 9477: 9457: 9451: 9434: 9428: 9427: 9425: 9423: 9402: 9396: 9376: 9370: 9359: 9353: 9352: 9347:. Archived from 9345:Associated Press 9330: 9324: 9304: 9295: 9294: 9292: 9290: 9275: 9269: 9268:, 18 April 2012. 9252: 9246: 9245:, 17 April 2012. 9237:Associated Press 9224:Raphael Satter, 9222: 9216: 9215: 9209: 9207: 9187: 9176: 9175: 9173: 9171: 9156: 9150: 9149: 9147: 9145: 9130: 9124: 9123:, 17 April 2012. 9104: 9093: 9080: 9074: 9073: 9071: 9069: 9058:RT International 9050: 9044: 9027: 9021: 9020: 9018: 9016: 9005:RT International 8997: 8991: 8990: 8988: 8986: 8977:. Archived from 8964: 8955: 8954: 8952: 8950: 8930: 8921: 8903:Ishaan Tharoor, 8901: 8895: 8884: 8878: 8877: 8865: 8859: 8839: 8833: 8820: 8814: 8794: 8785: 8784: 8782: 8780: 8761: 8755: 8735: 8729: 8709: 8690: 8689: 8687: 8685: 8665: 8656: 8655: 8653: 8651: 8625: 8612: 8611: 8609: 8607: 8596:RT International 8588: 8582: 8581: 8579: 8573:. Archived from 8562: 8553: 8544: 8526: 8515: 8502: 8496: 8478:Stephen Heyman, 8476: 8461: 8460: 8458: 8456: 8437: 8431: 8430: 8428: 8426: 8404: 8398: 8397: 8395: 8393: 8363: 8357: 8356: 8354: 8352: 8332: 8326: 8325: 8324: 8299: 8288: 8287: 8286: 8263: 8254: 8253: 8251: 8249: 8227: 8221: 8220: 8218: 8216: 8199:Emerson, Sarah. 8196: 8190: 8189: 8187: 8185: 8166: 8160: 8159: 8157: 8155: 8135: 8129: 8128: 8126: 8124: 8102: 8096: 8095: 8093: 8091: 8076: 8067: 8066: 8064: 8062: 8053:. 1 March 2022. 8043: 8037: 8036: 8034: 8032: 8010: 8004: 8003: 8001: 7999: 7979: 7970: 7969: 7967: 7965: 7944: 7938: 7937: 7935: 7933: 7918: 7909: 7908: 7906: 7904: 7889: 7880: 7879: 7877: 7875: 7857: 7848: 7847: 7845: 7843: 7827: 7821: 7820: 7814: 7812: 7791: 7782: 7781: 7779: 7777: 7755: 7746: 7740: 7739: 7737: 7735: 7726:. Archived from 7710: 7704: 7703: 7701: 7699: 7677: 7671: 7670: 7651: 7645: 7644: 7642: 7640: 7625: 7616: 7615: 7613: 7611: 7596: 7585: 7584: 7582: 7580: 7560: 7554: 7545: 7544: 7542: 7540: 7518: 7512: 7511: 7509: 7507: 7475: 7466: 7465: 7455: 7453: 7421: 7413: 7402: 7393: 7392: 7386: 7384: 7374: 7345:Howard, Philip N 7340: 7334: 7333: 7329: 7316: 7314: 7308: 7271: 7254: 7245: 7244: 7242: 7240: 7219: 7208: 7199: 7198: 7190: 7181: 7180: 7178: 7176: 7159: 7148: 7147: 7145: 7143: 7121: 7115: 7114: 7112: 7110: 7098:Business Insider 7088: 7082: 7081: 7075: 7073: 7035: 7029: 7028: 7022: 7020: 7014: 6999: 6982: 6976: 6975: 6965: 6963: 6957: 6920: 6911: 6905: 6904: 6890: 6866: 6860: 6859: 6857: 6855: 6833: 6822: 6821: 6819: 6817: 6797: 6788: 6787: 6785: 6783: 6768: 6762: 6761: 6759: 6757: 6738: 6729: 6728: 6726: 6724: 6699: 6688: 6687: 6685: 6683: 6663: 6652: 6651: 6649: 6647: 6624: 6601: 6600: 6598: 6596: 6574: 6568: 6567: 6561: 6559: 6549: 6515: 6509: 6508: 6502: 6500: 6494: 6479: 6468: 6453: 6452: 6442: 6440: 6434: 6427: 6418:. pp. 2–5. 6409: 6398: 6392: 6391: 6385: 6383: 6377: 6342: 6333: 6327: 6326: 6304: 6302: 6270: 6258: 6250: 6244: 6243: 6237: 6235: 6207: 6178: 6172: 6171: 6165: 6163: 6157: 6140: 6131: 6125: 6124: 6114: 6112: 6088: 6078: 6072: 6071: 6069: 6067: 6045: 6039: 6038: 6036: 6034: 6013:Nakashima, Ellen 6005: 5999: 5998: 5992: 5990: 5971:(6 March 2021). 5965: 5959: 5958: 5952: 5950: 5931: 5925: 5924: 5922: 5920: 5895: 5889: 5888: 5882: 5880: 5859: 5853: 5852: 5846: 5844: 5823: 5817: 5816: 5810: 5808: 5778: 5772: 5771: 5766: 5764: 5758: 5735: 5726: 5720: 5719: 5710: 5708: 5684: 5674: 5668: 5667: 5665: 5663: 5643: 5634: 5633: 5631: 5629: 5603: 5588: 5587: 5585: 5583: 5560: 5554: 5553: 5551: 5549: 5543: 5529: 5523: 5522: 5520: 5518: 5499: 5493: 5492: 5490: 5488: 5469: 5463: 5462: 5460: 5458: 5434: 5423: 5422: 5420: 5418: 5398: 5389: 5388: 5382: 5380: 5370: 5342: 5331: 5330: 5324: 5322: 5316: 5295: 5286: 5280: 5279: 5239: 5230: 5229: 5223: 5221: 5216:on 23 April 2021 5215: 5209:. Archived from 5178: 5169: 5160: 5159: 5153: 5151: 5145: 5130: 5106: 5093: 5084: 5083: 5077: 5075: 5026: 5017: 5016: 5014: 5012: 4990: 4984: 4979: 4968: 4967: 4965: 4963: 4943: 4932: 4931: 4929: 4927: 4905: 4894: 4885: 4884: 4882: 4880: 4869:RT International 4861: 4855: 4846: 4826: 4823: 4798: 4685:Best News Anchor 4604:, the owners of 4530:State Department 4528:In January, the 4450:Associated Press 4351:RAND Corporation 4340:McCain Institute 4264:European Council 4237:due impartiality 4179:Nicholas Kristof 4159:Reliable Sources 4156:, host of CNN's 4100:Breaking The Set 4059:Adam vs. the Man 4036:The New Republic 4027:Bolotnaya Square 3869: 3867: 3866: 3851: 3849: 3848: 3829: 3827: 3826: 3811: 3809: 3808: 3785: 3783: 3782: 3766: 3764: 3763: 3747: 3745: 3744: 3728: 3713: 3699: 3697: 3696: 3681: 3679: 3678: 3637: 3635: 3634: 3591:Rossiya Segodnya 3581: 3579: 3578: 3484:Stephen F. Cohen 3445:anti-Americanism 3436:The New Republic 3328:Atlantic Council 3294:and the Czarist 3179:in Ukraine. The 3148:RAND Corporation 3130:, (Julia Ioffe). 2961:Bilderberg group 2930:Holocaust denier 2908:, the leader of 2845:The Moscow Times 2744: 2683:Alyona Minkovski 2668:Adam vs. the Man 2654:Jason de la Peña 2587:Other presenters 2552: 2409:Redacted Tonight 2378:Alyona Minkovski 2331:Aleksandr Gurnov 2307:Breaking the Set 2267:America's Lawyer 2012:Breaking the Set 1957:Adam vs. the Man 1950:Adam vs. the Man 1919:The New Republic 1896:Alyona Minkovski 1814:Security Studies 1682:Audience ratings 1629:Atlantic Council 1584:English, Russian 1462:RT International 1445: 1444: 1399: 1391: 1371:Rossiya Segodnya 1053: 991: 947:Washington, D.C. 921:, broadcast the 900:Hassan Nasrallah 804:Voice of America 732:Saint Petersburg 603: 602: 564:public relations 525:removed RT from 360:state-controlled 357: 348:Rossiya Segodnya 333: 328: 325: 323: 286: 284: 279: 195:ANO "TV-Novosti" 146:English, Russian 76: 69: 65: 34:Rossiya Segodnya 21: 24303: 24302: 24298: 24297: 24296: 24294: 24293: 24292: 24183:RT (TV network) 24173: 24172: 24171: 24158: 24156: 24148: 24147: 24143: 24139: 24134: 24133: 24128: 24106: 24069:German-language 24064: 23994: 23956: 23904: 23835:French-language 23830: 23813:Sky News Arabia 23766: 23734:BBC News Arabic 23717: 23687:(United States) 23662: 23629:Arabic-language 23624: 23608: 23559: 23487:(South America) 23480: 23462:(United States) 23388: 23347:TeleSUR English 23325:(United States) 23287:NHK World-Japan 23277:(United States) 23271:(United States) 23211:(United States) 23157:(United States) 23141:(United States) 23051:(United States) 23031: 23026: 22996: 22991: 22971: 22906:Cartoon Network 22897:Discovery Ultra 22731:Rambler Teleset 22654: 22631:Current Time TV 22605: 22599: 22486: 22407: 22372:Bridge Shlyager 22350: 22338:Moscow Doveriye 22316: 22224: 22215:Lapki Live (HD) 22158: 22134: 22128: 22123:Konnyi Mir (HD) 22047:Supergeroi (HD) 22008:Kinoseriya (HD) 21984:Kinosemiya (HD) 21932: 21877: 21731: 21729: 21727: 21717: 21680: 21674: 21648: 21608: 21602: 21554: 21523: 21521: 21520:Terrestrial and 21511: 21450: 21379:First Multiplex 21370: 21368: 21361: 21309: 21303: 21298: 21268: 21263: 21239:The Alyona Show 21184: 21170: 21140: 21135: 21119: 21105:High-definition 21068: 21005: 20961: 20902:BBC Radio Wales 20882:BBC Radio Foyle 20872:BBC Radio Cymru 20832:BBC Radio 1Xtra 20810: 20782:U&Yesterday 20748:True Crime Xtra 20222: 20217: 20187: 20178: 20136: 20089: 20079: 19586: 19365: 19355: 19160: 19119: 18489: 18483: 18479:Members of the 18477: 18442: 18434: 18429: 18406: 18385: 18369: 18333: 18327: 18283: 18272: 18271: 18256: 18251: 18250: 18240: 18238: 18225: 18224: 18220: 18210: 18208: 18195: 18194: 18190: 18180: 18178: 18175:The Independent 18166: 18162: 18152: 18150: 18130: 18126: 18116: 18114: 18105: 18104: 18100: 18090: 18088: 18079: 18078: 18074: 18064: 18062: 18058: 18051: 18047: 18046: 18042: 18034: 18030: 18022: 18018: 18008: 18006: 17994: 17990: 17980: 17978: 17958: 17954: 17944: 17942: 17922: 17918: 17908: 17906: 17894: 17887: 17877: 17875: 17864: 17863: 17859: 17849: 17847: 17837: 17833: 17826:The Independent 17820: 17819: 17815: 17805: 17803: 17793: 17789: 17779: 17777: 17766: 17765: 17761: 17751: 17749: 17737: 17733: 17723: 17721: 17709: 17705: 17695: 17693: 17681: 17677: 17667: 17665: 17653: 17649: 17636: 17634: 17626: 17622: 17621: 17617: 17607: 17605: 17596: 17595: 17591: 17581: 17579: 17571: 17570: 17566: 17556: 17554: 17543: 17542: 17538: 17523: 17519: 17509: 17507: 17499: 17495: 17494: 17490: 17480: 17478: 17474:BBC News Online 17467: 17466: 17462: 17452: 17450: 17441: 17440: 17436: 17426: 17424: 17415: 17414: 17410: 17400: 17398: 17393: 17392: 17388: 17378: 17376: 17363: 17359: 17349: 17347: 17337: 17330: 17320: 17318: 17310: 17306: 17305: 17301: 17291: 17289: 17272: 17268: 17259: 17257: 17245: 17241: 17232: 17230: 17218:Glenn Greenwald 17214: 17210: 17200: 17198: 17190: 17189: 17185: 17175: 17173: 17165: 17161: 17160: 17156: 17146: 17144: 17134: 17130: 17120: 17118: 17108: 17104: 17094: 17092: 17082: 17078: 17068: 17066: 17064:The Independent 17056: 17052: 17042: 17040: 17039:on 4 March 2016 17036: 17025: 17021: 17020: 17016: 17006: 17004: 16995: 16994: 16990: 16981: 16979: 16970: 16966: 16958: 16950: 16946: 16937: 16935: 16926: 16919: 16913:Wayback Machine 16904: 16900: 16890: 16888: 16878: 16874: 16866: 16862: 16852: 16850: 16840: 16833: 16824: 16822: 16809: 16805: 16790: 16786: 16775: 16771: 16758: 16754: 16744: 16742: 16730: 16726: 16714: 16710: 16697: 16693: 16683: 16681: 16673: 16672: 16668: 16653: 16649: 16643:Wayback Machine 16634: 16630: 16624:Wayback Machine 16615: 16611: 16603: 16599: 16589: 16587: 16575: 16568: 16553: 16549: 16536: 16535: 16531: 16514: 16510: 16502:The Independent 16493: 16489: 16480: 16478: 16469: 16468: 16464: 16454: 16452: 16451:. 11 March 2018 16443: 16442: 16438: 16429: 16427: 16418: 16417: 16413: 16403: 16401: 16392: 16391: 16387: 16377: 16375: 16362: 16358: 16348: 16346: 16328: 16324: 16315: 16313: 16304: 16303: 16299: 16289: 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The Guardian. 10932: 10931: 10927: 10917: 10915: 10902: 10901: 10897: 10878: 10877: 10873: 10852: 10848: 10838: 10836: 10827: 10826: 10822: 10812: 10810: 10795: 10794: 10790: 10780: 10778: 10763: 10762: 10758: 10737: 10733: 10723: 10721: 10704: 10700: 10690: 10688: 10671: 10667: 10657: 10655: 10640: 10639: 10635: 10614: 10603: 10582: 10578: 10557: 10553: 10536: 10532: 10522: 10520: 10507: 10506: 10502: 10492: 10490: 10473: 10469: 10459: 10457: 10440: 10436: 10426: 10424: 10411: 10410: 10406: 10396: 10394: 10377: 10373: 10363: 10361: 10344: 10340: 10330: 10328: 10311: 10307: 10297: 10295: 10283: 10274: 10264: 10262: 10245: 10241: 10231: 10229: 10212: 10208: 10198: 10196: 10179: 10175: 10165: 10163: 10150: 10149: 10145: 10135: 10133: 10120: 10119: 10115: 10105: 10103: 10090: 10089: 10085: 10075: 10073: 10058: 10057: 10053: 10043: 10041: 10023: 10019: 10009: 10007: 9994: 9993: 9989: 9979: 9977: 9964: 9963: 9959: 9949: 9947: 9934: 9933: 9926: 9916: 9914: 9905: 9904: 9900: 9890: 9888: 9871: 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9037:Wayback Machine 9028: 9024: 9014: 9012: 8999: 8998: 8994: 8984: 8982: 8974:The Moscow News 8965: 8958: 8948: 8946: 8931: 8924: 8920:, 3 March 2011. 8912:Wayback Machine 8902: 8898: 8892:The Independent 8885: 8881: 8866: 8862: 8850:Wayback Machine 8840: 8836: 8830:Wayback Machine 8821: 8817: 8810:The Independent 8805:Wayback Machine 8795: 8788: 8778: 8776: 8763: 8762: 8758: 8751:Foreign Affairs 8746:Wayback Machine 8736: 8732: 8728:, 27 June 2011. 8720:Wayback Machine 8710: 8693: 8683: 8681: 8666: 8659: 8649: 8647: 8626: 8615: 8605: 8603: 8590: 8589: 8585: 8580:on 8 July 2007. 8577: 8560: 8554: 8547: 8541:The Independent 8537:Wayback Machine 8527: 8518: 8512:Wayback Machine 8505:Danny Schechter 8503: 8499: 8487:Wayback Machine 8477: 8464: 8454: 8452: 8441:"Фролов Сергей" 8439: 8438: 8434: 8424: 8422: 8405: 8401: 8391: 8389: 8364: 8360: 8350: 8348: 8333: 8329: 8319: 8310:Wayback Machine 8301:Andrew Osborn, 8300: 8291: 8281: 8274:Wayback Machine 8267:Spinning Russia 8264: 8257: 8247: 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Kramer 4328: 4311:The Truthseeker 4292:The Truthseeker 4249: 4121:Glenn Greenwald 4096: 4003:The Independent 3985: 3980: 3978:Other responses 3950:In March 2018, 3913:Emmanuel Macron 3909: 3896:Richard Stengel 3864: 3862: 3846: 3844: 3824: 3822: 3806: 3804: 3780: 3778: 3772:Dmitry Kiselyov 3761: 3759: 3742: 3740: 3722: 3707: 3694: 3692: 3676: 3674: 3632: 3630: 3587:Dmitry Kiselyov 3576: 3574: 3572: 3567: 3547: 3534: 3508: 3493:Occupy movement 3464:The Independent 3420: 3401:Dmitry Medvedev 3397:The Independent 3389: 3281:The Daily Beast 3278:Journalists at 3212: 2990: 2969: 2953:Webster Tarpley 2902:Bashar al-Assad 2874:Jared Bernstein 2825:New World Order 2807:, reporting on 2792:Danny Schechter 2734: 2732: 2727: 2688:The Alyona Show 2628:Close-Up Russia 2593:George Galloway 2562:News Presenters 2546: 2538:Frédéric Taddeï 2492:George Galloway 2468:Tabetha Wallace 2439: 2385:The Big Picture 2373:The Alyona Show 2339:(Peter Lavelle) 2287:Capital Account 2271:Mike Papantonio 2223: 2218: 2204:(John Kiriakou) 2138:Afshin Rattansi 2098:(Egor Piskunov) 2091: 2083: 2052: 2027: 2002:Glenn Greenwald 1984:The Independent 1975: 1953: 1914:The Alyona Show 1891:The Alyona Show 1887: 1884:The Alyona Show 1857: 1809: 1800: 1757:Sky Sports News 1755:(not including 1739:In the UK, the 1710:The Daily Beast 1690:The Daily Beast 1679: 1596:In addition to 1570: 1546: 1427: 1406: 1364:high-definition 1341: 1327: 1315:Anton Krasovsky 1283:In March 2022, 1183:Microsoft Store 1156:Pablo Rodriguez 1116: 1051: 982: 863:Yale University 847: 835:Hillary Clinton 812:Radio Free Asia 796:Walter Isaacson 756:governments of 736:New York City's 680: 652:Danny Schechter 646:that after the 620:Dmitry Medvedev 552: 547: 527:their app store 467:information war 452:editor-in-chief 358:) is a Russian 320: 282: 280: 277: 255: 200:Sister channels 167:(downscaled to 166: 149: 147: 145: 139: 137: 93: 88: 64: 59: 48: 41: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 24301: 24291: 24290: 24285: 24280: 24275: 24270: 24265: 24260: 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22890: 22888:Eurosport Gold 22885: 22880: 22875: 22870: 22865: 22860: 22855: 22850: 22845: 22843:Travel Channel 22840: 22835: 22830: 22825: 22820: 22815: 22810: 22805: 22800: 22795: 22790: 22785: 22780: 22775: 22772: 22767: 22762: 22759: 22754: 22749: 22743: 22738: 22735: 22732: 22729: 22724: 22719: 22714: 22709: 22704: 22699: 22694: 22689: 22684: 22679: 22676: 22670: 22668: 22664: 22663: 22660: 22659: 22656: 22655: 22653: 22652: 22646: 22640: 22634: 22628: 22622: 22619: 22616: 22609: 22607: 22606:satellite only 22598: 22597: 22592: 22587: 22584: 22578: 22572: 22569: 22563: 22556: 22551: 22545: 22539: 22537:Music Box Gold 22534: 22528: 22523: 22518: 22513: 22507: 22501: 22494: 22492: 22488: 22487: 22485: 22484: 22478: 22475: 22472: 22469: 22466: 22463: 22460: 22454: 22448: 22442: 22436: 22430: 22424: 22417: 22415: 22409: 22408: 22406: 22405: 22399: 22394: 22389: 22387:Bridge Classic 22384: 22379: 22374: 22369: 22364: 22358: 22356: 22352: 22351: 22349: 22348: 22345: 22342: 22339: 22336: 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Premier 22085: 22079: 22073: 22067: 22061: 22059:Match! Planeta 22053: 22052: 22051: 22048: 22045: 22042: 22039: 22036:Europa Plus TV 22033: 22030: 22029:Auto Plus (HD) 22027: 22024: 22021: 22018: 22015: 22012: 22011:Kinouzhas (HD) 22009: 22006: 22005:Indiyskoe kino 22003: 22000: 21997: 21994: 21991: 21988: 21985: 21982: 21979: 21973: 21972: 21971: 21968: 21965: 21962: 21959: 21953: 21952: 21951: 21942: 21940: 21934: 21933: 21931: 21930: 21924: 21918: 21912: 21906: 21900: 21894: 21887: 21885: 21879: 21878: 21876: 21875: 21870: 21864: 21858: 21853: 21848: 21842: 21837: 21832: 21827: 21821: 21816: 21810: 21805: 21800: 21795: 21789: 21784: 21779: 21773: 21767: 21762: 21756: 21750: 21744: 21742: 21733: 21723: 21722: 21719: 21718: 21716: 21715: 21710: 21705: 21700: 21695: 21690: 21684: 21682: 21676: 21675: 21673: 21672: 21667: 21662: 21656: 21654: 21650: 21649: 21647: 21646: 21641: 21636: 21631: 21625: 21619: 21612: 21610: 21607:National Media 21604: 21603: 21601: 21600: 21595: 21590: 21585: 21580: 21575: 21570: 21564: 21562: 21556: 21555: 21553: 21552: 21547: 21542: 21536: 21534: 21525: 21517: 21516: 21513: 21512: 21510: 21509: 21504: 21499: 21494: 21489: 21484: 21479: 21474: 21469: 21464: 21458: 21456: 21452: 21451: 21449: 21448: 21443: 21438: 21433: 21428: 21423: 21418: 21413: 21408: 21403: 21398: 21393: 21388: 21382: 21380: 21373: 21363: 21362: 21360: 21359: 21354: 21349: 21344: 21339: 21334: 21329: 21324: 21319: 21313: 21311: 21310:and regulation 21305: 21304: 21297: 21296: 21289: 21282: 21274: 21265: 21264: 21262: 21261: 21256: 21249: 21246:World Tomorrow 21242: 21235: 21228: 21225:Larry King Now 21221: 21214: 21207: 21200: 21192: 21190: 21186: 21185: 21169: 21168: 21161: 21154: 21146: 21137: 21136: 21134: 21133: 21127: 21125: 21121: 21120: 21118: 21117: 21112: 21107: 21102: 21097: 21092: 21087: 21082: 21076: 21074: 21070: 21069: 21067: 21066: 21055:Sports Tonight 21040: 21037: 21013: 21011: 21007: 21006: 21004: 21003: 20998: 20993: 20988: 20983: 20978: 20973: 20969: 20967: 20966:Local channels 20963: 20962: 20960: 20959: 20954: 20949: 20944: 20939: 20934: 20929: 20924: 20919: 20914: 20909: 20904: 20899: 20894: 20889: 20884: 20879: 20874: 20869: 20864: 20859: 20854: 20849: 20844: 20839: 20834: 20829: 20824: 20818: 20816: 20815:Radio stations 20812: 20811: 20809: 20808: 20807: 20806: 20801: 20791: 20790: 20789: 20779: 20774: 20773: 20772: 20762: 20761: 20760: 20750: 20745: 20740: 20735: 20730: 20725: 20720: 20715: 20710: 20705: 20700: 20695: 20694: 20693: 20688: 20678: 20673: 20668: 20663: 20658: 20653: 20648: 20643: 20638: 20637: 20636: 20626: 20621: 20620: 20619: 20609: 20604: 20599: 20594: 20589: 20584: 20579: 20574: 20569: 20564: 20563: 20562: 20552: 20551: 20550: 20540: 20539: 20538: 20533: 20523: 20518: 20513: 20512: 20511: 20504:Great! Romance 20501: 20500: 20499: 20489: 20484: 20483: 20482: 20472: 20467: 20462: 20457: 20456: 20455: 20445: 20440: 20439: 20438: 20428: 20423: 20422: 20421: 20416: 20406: 20405: 20404: 20399: 20389: 20384: 20383: 20382: 20372: 20371: 20370: 20360: 20359: 20358: 20348: 20346:BBC Parliament 20343: 20338: 20337: 20336: 20326: 20321: 20320: 20319: 20309: 20308: 20307: 20297: 20296: 20295: 20285: 20284: 20283: 20273: 20268: 20267: 20266: 20256: 20251: 20246: 20241: 20236: 20230: 20228: 20224: 20223: 20216: 20215: 20208: 20201: 20193: 20184: 20183: 20180: 20179: 20177: 20176: 20173: 20168: 20163: 20158: 20153: 20150: 20144: 20142: 20138: 20137: 20135: 20134: 20129: 20124: 20121: 20116: 20111: 20106: 20100: 20098: 20091: 20085: 20084: 20081: 20080: 20078: 20077: 20072: 20067: 20062: 20057: 20052: 20047: 20044: 20039: 20034: 20024: 20019: 20014: 20011: 20006: 20001: 19996: 19993: 19988: 19983: 19978: 19973: 19968: 19963: 19958: 19953: 19948: 19943: 19938: 19933: 19928: 19923: 19918: 19913: 19908: 19903: 19898: 19895: 19890: 19885: 19880: 19875: 19870: 19865: 19860: 19855: 19850: 19845: 19840: 19835: 19825: 19815: 19810: 19805: 19800: 19795: 19785: 19775: 19770: 19765: 19760: 19757: 19752: 19747: 19742: 19737: 19732: 19727: 19722: 19717: 19712: 19709: 19706: 19701: 19696: 19691: 19686: 19681: 19676: 19666: 19656: 19646: 19641: 19636: 19631: 19626: 19623: 19618: 19613: 19608: 19605: 19600: 19594: 19592: 19588: 19587: 19585: 19584: 19579: 19574: 19569: 19564: 19559: 19554: 19549: 19544: 19539: 19534: 19529: 19524: 19519: 19514: 19504: 19499: 19489: 19484: 19479: 19474: 19469: 19464: 19459: 19458: 19457: 19452: 19447: 19446: 19445: 19430: 19425: 19415: 19405: 19400: 19397: 19387: 19376: 19374: 19367: 19361: 19360: 19357: 19356: 19354: 19353: 19348: 19343: 19338: 19333: 19328: 19323: 19318: 19313: 19308: 19303: 19298: 19295: 19290: 19280: 19270: 19265: 19260: 19255: 19250: 19247: 19242: 19232: 19222: 19221: 19220: 19215: 19207: 19202: 19197: 19192: 19187: 19182: 19179: 19174: 19168: 19166: 19162: 19161: 19159: 19158: 19153: 19152: 19151: 19146: 19138: 19133: 19127: 19125: 19121: 19120: 19118: 19117: 19112: 19107: 19102: 19097: 19096: 19095: 19090: 19085: 19080: 19070: 19065: 19060: 19050: 19040: 19030: 19025: 19020: 19015: 19010: 19005: 19000: 18995: 18994: 18993: 18988: 18983: 18973: 18968: 18963: 18958: 18953: 18948: 18947: 18946: 18941: 18931: 18926: 18925: 18924: 18919: 18911: 18906: 18901: 18896: 18891: 18886: 18881: 18876: 18871: 18866: 18861: 18856: 18851: 18846: 18841: 18840: 18839: 18834: 18829: 18824: 18819: 18814: 18811: 18806: 18801: 18796: 18791: 18786: 18781: 18776: 18766: 18765: 18764: 18754: 18749: 18744: 18743: 18742: 18737: 18727: 18722: 18717: 18712: 18707: 18706: 18705: 18700: 18694: 18693: 18692: 18682: 18681: 18680: 18675: 18670: 18662: 18657: 18656: 18655: 18645: 18640: 18639: 18638: 18633: 18623: 18618: 18613: 18608: 18603: 18598: 18593: 18588: 18583: 18578: 18573: 18568: 18563: 18562: 18561: 18556: 18551: 18546: 18541: 18536: 18531: 18526: 18521: 18516: 18511: 18500: 18498: 18491: 18485: 18484: 18476: 18475: 18468: 18461: 18453: 18447: 18444: 18443: 18431: 18430: 18428: 18427: 18421: 18414: 18412: 18408: 18407: 18405: 18404: 18399: 18393: 18391: 18387: 18386: 18384: 18383: 18381:RT Documentary 18377: 18375: 18371: 18370: 18368: 18367: 18362: 18357: 18352: 18347: 18341: 18339: 18335: 18334: 18326: 18325: 18318: 18311: 18303: 18297: 18296: 18286: 18269: 18255: 18254:External links 18252: 18249: 18248: 18218: 18207:on 18 May 2015 18188: 18160: 18149:on 28 May 2016 18124: 18098: 18072: 18040: 18028: 18016: 17988: 17952: 17916: 17885: 17857: 17831: 17813: 17787: 17759: 17731: 17703: 17675: 17647: 17615: 17589: 17564: 17553:. 26 July 2019 17536: 17517: 17488: 17460: 17434: 17408: 17386: 17357: 17328: 17299: 17266: 17239: 17208: 17183: 17154: 17128: 17102: 17076: 17050: 17014: 16988: 16964: 16944: 16917: 16898: 16872: 16860: 16831: 16803: 16784: 16769: 16752: 16724: 16708: 16691: 16666: 16647: 16628: 16609: 16597: 16566: 16547: 16529: 16508: 16487: 16462: 16436: 16411: 16385: 16356: 16322: 16297: 16269: 16241: 16215: 16187: 16169: 16139: 16121: 16095: 16084:. 2 March 2022 16067: 16039: 16011: 15993: 15982:. 10 July 2020 15967: 15950:Per Concordiam 15936: 15922: 15893: 15882:on 1 July 2020 15867: 15839: 15811: 15783: 15757: 15739: 15734:The Australian 15721: 15703: 15673: 15645: 15620: 15588: 15568: 15543: 15517: 15491: 15455: 15427: 15399: 15386:The Algemeiner 15371: 15340: 15317: 15287: 15256: 15225: 15201: 15168: 15136: 15110: 15077: 15051: 15018: 14985: 14942: 14904: 14874: 14844: 14813: 14782: 14745: 14711: 14678: 14655: 14622: 14557: 14521: 14488: 14473:(in Russian). 14455: 14422: 14394: 14374: 14348: 14317: 14273: 14242: 14212: 14140: 14107: 14074: 14048: 14021: 13990: 13951: 13918: 13892: 13859: 13828: 13797: 13779:978-1442253612 13778: 13772:. p. 73. 13754: 13721: 13688: 13655: 13625: 13600: 13566: 13549:the algemeiner 13536: 13521:. Al Jazeera. 13506: 13474: 13413: 13383: 13353: 13323: 13281:(3): 335–353. 13258: 13239:(3): 354–373. 13223: 13189: 13162: 13129: 13111: 13095: 13057: 13010: 12979: 12943: 12916: 12892: 12865: 12821: 12758: 12722: 12720:, 16 July 2012 12705: 12688:journalism.org 12675: 12643: 12613: 12593: 12560: 12526: 12513: 12500: 12476: 12463: 12441: 12422: 12392: 12362: 12332: 12296: 12265: 12229: 12199: 12166: 12136: 12101: 12075: 12055: 12029: 11988: 11952: 11922: 11892: 11875:RT en Français 11862: 11832: 11802: 11772: 11737: 11722:(in Spanish). 11707: 11675: 11642: 11616: 11595:"Distribution" 11586: 11554: 11518: 11486: 11450: 11416: 11383: 11353: 11331: 11315: 11286: 11260: 11222: 11207:(in Russian). 11192: 11177:(in Russian). 11161: 11131: 11105: 11075: 11045: 11043:, 10 May 2013. 11018: 11006: 11004:, 19 May 2007. 10986: 10963: 10959:Russia Profile 10951: 10939: 10925: 10895: 10871: 10846: 10820: 10788: 10756: 10731: 10698: 10665: 10633: 10601: 10591:Bloomberg News 10576: 10566:Bloomberg News 10551: 10530: 10500: 10467: 10434: 10404: 10371: 10338: 10305: 10272: 10239: 10206: 10173: 10143: 10113: 10083: 10051: 10017: 9987: 9957: 9924: 9898: 9862: 9831: 9785: 9758: 9728: 9698: 9667: 9637: 9606: 9587: 9568: 9542: 9523: 9521:, 29 May 2013. 9497: 9478: 9452: 9429: 9397: 9371: 9354: 9325: 9296: 9270: 9247: 9217: 9177: 9151: 9125: 9094: 9075: 9045: 9022: 8992: 8956: 8922: 8896: 8894:, 5 March 2011 8888:Village People 8886:Andy McSmith, 8879: 8860: 8855:Foreign Policy 8834: 8815: 8786: 8756: 8737:Charles King, 8730: 8711:David Weigel, 8691: 8657: 8613: 8583: 8545: 8528:Shaun Walker, 8516: 8497: 8495:, 18 May 2008. 8462: 8447:(in Russian). 8432: 8399: 8358: 8327: 8289: 8278:Foreign Policy 8265:Julian Evans, 8255: 8222: 8191: 8161: 8130: 8097: 8086:. 1 March 2022 8068: 8038: 8005: 7971: 7953:Deutsche Welle 7939: 7910: 7881: 7849: 7822: 7783: 7747: 7741: 7705: 7672: 7646: 7617: 7586: 7555: 7546: 7513: 7494: 7467: 7440: 7411:"Introduction" 7394: 7343:Elswah, Mona; 7335: 7246: 7209: 7200: 7182: 7149: 7116: 7083: 7030: 6977: 6906: 6861: 6823: 6789: 6763: 6730: 6689: 6653: 6602: 6569: 6510: 6454: 6393: 6328: 6289: 6245: 6214: 6173: 6126: 6099: 6073: 6040: 6000: 5960: 5926: 5890: 5854: 5818: 5773: 5738:World of Media 5721: 5695: 5669: 5635: 5589: 5555: 5524: 5494: 5477:www.comnews.ru 5464: 5424: 5390: 5332: 5281: 5231: 5161: 5085: 5018: 5003:. Washington. 4985: 4969: 4933: 4895: 4886: 4865:"Contact info" 4856: 4847: 4837: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4828: 4827: 4817: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4805: 4804: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4742: 4741: 4734: 4727: 4717:Vladimir Putin 4709: 4702: 4691: 4688: 4673: 4666: 4654:Martyn Andrews 4646: 4643: 4634:Antony Blinken 4613: 4610: 4525: 4522: 4507:Alexey Navalny 4502: 4499: 4426: 4423: 4359:Kurdish people 4324:Main article: 4248: 4245: 4095: 4092: 4010:that had been 3984: 3981: 3979: 3976: 3952:John McDonnell 3908: 3905: 3898:from the U.S. 3853:United Kingdom 3753:Fabian Picardo 3735:Deutsche Welle 3583:European Union 3571: 3568: 3566: 3563: 3546: 3543: 3533: 3530: 3517:The Algemeiner 3507: 3504: 3441:James Kirchick 3419: 3416: 3388: 3385: 3369:Trump campaign 3343:Vladimir Putin 3247:The launch of 3216:disinformation 3211: 3208: 3207: 3206: 3205: 3204: 3168: 3161: 3151: 3135: 3131: 3120: 3033:Garry Kasparov 2989: 2986: 2968: 2965: 2924:, an American 2900:, and Syria's 2784:Cato Institute 2748:Vladimir Putin 2731: 2728: 2724: 2723: 2710: 2709: 2708: 2702: 2696: 2691: 2680: 2675: 2670: 2661: 2656: 2651: 2648:World Tomorrow 2643:Julian Assange 2639: 2638: 2633: 2632: 2631: 2622:James Brown – 2619: 2618: 2614: 2613: 2608: 2602: 2601: 2597: 2596: 2595:– RT UK bureau 2589: 2588: 2584: 2583: 2576: 2575: 2574:Correspondents 2571: 2570: 2564: 2563: 2559: 2558: 2550: 2545: 2542: 2541: 2529: 2524: 2519: 2511: 2503: 2495: 2483: 2471: 2451: 2438: 2437: 2429:Larry King Now 2425: 2417: 2405: 2393: 2381: 2369: 2362: 2359:Martyn Andrews 2352: 2349:Julian Assange 2344:World Tomorrow 2340: 2334: 2324: 2314: 2304: 2294: 2284: 2274: 2264: 2248: 2238: 2227: 2222: 2219: 2217: 2216: 2211: 2208:Inland Visions 2205: 2199: 2193: 2188: 2180: 2172: 2161: 2160: 2152: 2141: 2131: 2125: 2115: 2107: 2099: 2092: 2090: 2087: 2082: 2079: 2051: 2048: 2026: 2023: 1979:World Tomorrow 1974: 1972:World Tomorrow 1969: 1952: 1947: 1886: 1881: 1856: 1853: 1808: 1805: 1799: 1796: 1769:Welsh language 1730:BBC World News 1700:Blueberry Hill 1684: 1683: 1678: 1677:Ratings/impact 1675: 1610:RT en français 1607:(in Russian), 1589: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1578:RT Documentary 1575: 1574: 1567: 1564: 1561:Millbank Tower 1557: 1551: 1550: 1543: 1540: 1520: 1514: 1513: 1510: 1507: 1496: 1490: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1474: 1473: 1470: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1458: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1426: 1423: 1405: 1402: 1340: 1337: 1326: 1323: 1152:Ukrainian flag 1128:United Kingdom 1124:European Union 1122:announced the 1115: 1112: 1089:U.S. President 1083:known for its 1081:social network 997:Vladimir Putin 973:Edward Snowden 964:Larry King Now 892:Julian Assange 883:World Tomorrow 859:Alexei Navalny 855:Michael McFaul 846: 843: 700:Rusiya Al-Yaum 679: 676: 596:ANO TV-Novosti 576:Aleksei Gromov 566:effort by the 551: 548: 546: 543: 514:European Union 488:in 2014 after 450:In 2012, RT's 437:disinformation 386:Vladimir Putin 368:pay television 366:. It operates 356:Россия Сегодня 335: 334: 318: 314: 313: 308: 302: 301: 297: 296: 293: 289: 288: 274: 270: 269: 266: 262: 261: 257: 256: 254: 253: 243: 241:RT Documentary 238: 233: 228: 222: 216: 210: 203: 201: 197: 196: 193: 189: 188: 184: 183: 156: 155:Picture format 152: 151: 134: 130: 129: 125: 124: 122:Moscow, Russia 118: 114: 113: 110: 109:Broadcast area 106: 105: 102: 98: 97: 82: 78: 77: 62: 26: 18:ANO TV-Novosti 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 24300: 24289: 24286: 24284: 24281: 24279: 24276: 24274: 24271: 24269: 24266: 24264: 24261: 24259: 24256: 24254: 24251: 24249: 24246: 24244: 24241: 24239: 24236: 24234: 24231: 24229: 24226: 24224: 24221: 24219: 24216: 24214: 24211: 24209: 24206: 24204: 24201: 24199: 24196: 24194: 24191: 24189: 24186: 24184: 24181: 24180: 24178: 24166: 24155: 24151: 24145: 24141: 24124: 24121: 24119:(Switzerland) 24118: 24115: 24110: 24105: 24102: 24099: 24095: 24092: 24089: 24086: 24083: 24080: 24077: 24074: 24073: 24071: 24067: 24060: 24057: 24054: 24051: 24048: 24045: 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23598: 23595: 23592: 23589: 23586: 23584:(Puerto Rico) 23583: 23580: 23577: 23574: 23571: 23568: 23563: 23558: 23555: 23552: 23549: 23546: 23543: 23540: 23537: 23534: 23531: 23528: 23525: 23522: 23519: 23516: 23513: 23510: 23507: 23504: 23501: 23498: 23495: 23492: 23489: 23484: 23479: 23476: 23473: 23470: 23467: 23464: 23461: 23458: 23455: 23452: 23449: 23446: 23443: 23440: 23437: 23434: 23431: 23428: 23425: 23422: 23419: 23416: 23413: 23410: 23407: 23404: 23401: 23398: 23397: 23395: 23391: 23384: 23381: 23378: 23375: 23372: 23369: 23366: 23363: 23361:(Afghanistan) 23360: 23357: 23354: 23351: 23348: 23345: 23342: 23339: 23336: 23333: 23330: 23327: 23324: 23321: 23318: 23315: 23312: 23309: 23306: 23303: 23300: 23297: 23294: 23291: 23288: 23285: 23282: 23279: 23276: 23273: 23270: 23267: 23264: 23261: 23258: 23255: 23252: 23249: 23246: 23243: 23240: 23237: 23234: 23231: 23228: 23225: 23222: 23219: 23216: 23213: 23210: 23207: 23204: 23201: 23198: 23195: 23192: 23189: 23186: 23183: 23180: 23177: 23174: 23171: 23168: 23165: 23162: 23159: 23156: 23152: 23149: 23146: 23143: 23140: 23139:CBS News 24/7 23137: 23134: 23131: 23128: 23125: 23122: 23119: 23116: 23113: 23110: 23107: 23104: 23101: 23099:(South Korea) 23098: 23097:Arirang Radio 23095: 23093:(South Korea) 23092: 23089: 23086: 23083: 23080: 23077: 23074: 23071: 23069:(Philippines) 23068: 23065: 23062: 23059: 23056: 23053: 23050: 23049:ABC News Live 23047: 23044: 23041: 23040: 23038: 23034: 23030: 23023: 23018: 23016: 23011: 23009: 23004: 23003: 23000: 22989: 22985: 22981: 22974: 22968:Zee TV Russia 22967: 22965: 22962: 22960: 22957: 22955: 22952: 22950: 22947: 22945: 22942: 22940: 22937: 22935: 22932: 22930: 22927: 22925: 22922: 22920: 22917: 22914: 22912: 22909: 22907: 22904: 22902: 22899: 22896: 22894: 22891: 22889: 22886: 22884: 22881: 22879: 22876: 22874: 22871: 22869: 22866: 22864: 22861: 22859: 22856: 22854: 22851: 22849: 22846: 22844: 22841: 22839: 22836: 22834: 22833:Animal Planet 22831: 22829: 22826: 22824: 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22418: 22416: 22414: 22413:Viasat Russia 22410: 22403: 22402:Bridge Deluxe 22400: 22398: 22395: 22393: 22390: 22388: 22385: 22383: 22380: 22378: 22375: 22373: 22370: 22368: 22365: 22363: 22360: 22359: 22357: 22353: 22346: 22343: 22340: 22337: 22335: 22332: 22331: 22329: 22327: 22323: 22310: 22307: 22306: 22304: 22299: 22296: 22293: 22292: 22290: 22285: 22282: 22279: 22276: 22273: 22270: 22269: 22267: 22264: 22261: 22258: 22255: 22252: 22249: 22246: 22243: 22240: 22237: 22234: 22233: 22231: 22227: 22220: 22217: 22214: 22211: 22208: 22205: 22203: 22200: 22198: 22195: 22193: 22190: 22188: 22185: 22182: 22179: 22176: 22174: 22171: 22170: 22168: 22165: 22161: 22154: 22151: 22148: 22146: 22143: 22140: 22139: 22137: 22131: 22122: 22119: 22116: 22113: 22110: 22107: 22104: 22101: 22098: 22095: 22092: 22089: 22086: 22083: 22080: 22077: 22076:Match! Strana 22074: 22071: 22068: 22065: 22062: 22060: 22057: 22056: 22054: 22049: 22046: 22043: 22040: 22037: 22034: 22031: 22028: 22025: 22022: 22020:365 Dney (HD) 22019: 22016: 22013: 22010: 22007: 22004: 22001: 21998: 21995: 21992: 21989: 21986: 21983: 21980: 21977: 21976: 21974: 21969: 21966: 21963: 21960: 21957: 21956: 21954: 21950: 21947: 21946: 21944: 21943: 21941: 21939: 21938:Gazprom-Media 21935: 21928: 21925: 21922: 21919: 21916: 21913: 21910: 21907: 21904: 21901: 21898: 21895: 21892: 21889: 21888: 21886: 21884: 21880: 21874: 21871: 21868: 21865: 21862: 21859: 21857: 21854: 21852: 21849: 21846: 21843: 21841: 21838: 21836: 21833: 21831: 21828: 21825: 21822: 21820: 21817: 21814: 21811: 21809: 21806: 21804: 21801: 21799: 21796: 21793: 21792:Russian Roman 21790: 21788: 21785: 21783: 21780: 21777: 21774: 21771: 21768: 21766: 21763: 21760: 21757: 21754: 21753:Solovyov Live 21751: 21749: 21746: 21745: 21743: 21741: 21737: 21734: 21724: 21714: 21711: 21709: 21706: 21704: 21701: 21699: 21696: 21694: 21691: 21689: 21686: 21685: 21683: 21677: 21671: 21668: 21666: 21663: 21661: 21658: 21657: 21655: 21651: 21645: 21642: 21640: 21637: 21635: 21632: 21629: 21626: 21623: 21620: 21617: 21614: 21613: 21611: 21605: 21599: 21596: 21594: 21591: 21589: 21586: 21584: 21581: 21579: 21576: 21574: 21571: 21569: 21566: 21565: 21563: 21561: 21560:Gazprom-Media 21557: 21551: 21548: 21546: 21543: 21541: 21538: 21537: 21535: 21533: 21529: 21526: 21518: 21508: 21505: 21503: 21500: 21498: 21495: 21493: 21490: 21488: 21485: 21483: 21480: 21478: 21475: 21473: 21470: 21468: 21465: 21463: 21460: 21459: 21457: 21453: 21447: 21444: 21442: 21439: 21437: 21434: 21432: 21429: 21427: 21424: 21422: 21419: 21417: 21414: 21412: 21409: 21407: 21404: 21402: 21399: 21397: 21394: 21392: 21389: 21387: 21384: 21383: 21381: 21377: 21374: 21372: 21364: 21358: 21355: 21353: 21350: 21348: 21345: 21343: 21340: 21338: 21335: 21333: 21330: 21328: 21325: 21323: 21320: 21318: 21315: 21314: 21312: 21306: 21302: 21295: 21290: 21288: 21283: 21281: 21276: 21275: 21272: 21260: 21257: 21255: 21254: 21250: 21248: 21247: 21243: 21241: 21240: 21236: 21234: 21233: 21229: 21227: 21226: 21222: 21220: 21219: 21215: 21213: 21212: 21208: 21206: 21205: 21201: 21199: 21198: 21197:Keiser Report 21194: 21193: 21191: 21187: 21182: 21178: 21174: 21167: 21162: 21160: 21155: 21153: 21148: 21147: 21144: 21132: 21129: 21128: 21126: 21124:Miscellaneous 21122: 21116: 21113: 21111: 21108: 21106: 21103: 21101: 21098: 21096: 21093: 21091: 21088: 21086: 21083: 21081: 21078: 21077: 21075: 21071: 21064: 21060: 21056: 21052: 21048: 21044: 21041: 21039:On Demand 365 21038: 21035: 21031: 21027: 21023: 21019: 21015: 21014: 21012: 21008: 21002: 20999: 20997: 20994: 20992: 20989: 20987: 20984: 20982: 20979: 20977: 20974: 20971: 20970: 20968: 20964: 20958: 20955: 20953: 20950: 20948: 20945: 20943: 20940: 20938: 20935: 20933: 20930: 20928: 20925: 20923: 20920: 20918: 20915: 20913: 20910: 20908: 20905: 20903: 20900: 20898: 20895: 20893: 20890: 20888: 20885: 20883: 20880: 20878: 20875: 20873: 20870: 20868: 20865: 20863: 20860: 20858: 20855: 20853: 20850: 20848: 20845: 20843: 20840: 20838: 20835: 20833: 20830: 20828: 20825: 20823: 20820: 20819: 20817: 20813: 20805: 20802: 20800: 20797: 20796: 20795: 20792: 20788: 20785: 20784: 20783: 20780: 20778: 20775: 20771: 20768: 20767: 20766: 20763: 20759: 20756: 20755: 20754: 20751: 20749: 20746: 20744: 20741: 20739: 20736: 20734: 20731: 20729: 20726: 20724: 20723:That's Melody 20721: 20719: 20716: 20714: 20711: 20709: 20706: 20704: 20701: 20699: 20696: 20692: 20689: 20687: 20684: 20683: 20682: 20679: 20677: 20674: 20672: 20669: 20667: 20664: 20662: 20659: 20657: 20654: 20652: 20649: 20647: 20644: 20642: 20639: 20635: 20632: 20631: 20630: 20627: 20625: 20622: 20618: 20615: 20614: 20613: 20610: 20608: 20605: 20603: 20600: 20598: 20595: 20593: 20590: 20588: 20585: 20583: 20580: 20578: 20575: 20573: 20570: 20568: 20565: 20561: 20558: 20557: 20556: 20553: 20549: 20546: 20545: 20544: 20541: 20537: 20534: 20532: 20529: 20528: 20527: 20524: 20522: 20519: 20517: 20514: 20510: 20507: 20506: 20505: 20502: 20498: 20495: 20494: 20493: 20492:Great! Movies 20490: 20488: 20487:Great! 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15093: 15088: 15081: 15065: 15061: 15055: 15039: 15035: 15034: 15029: 15022: 15006: 15002: 14998: 14992: 14990: 14982: 14969: 14965: 14961: 14957: 14953: 14946: 14930: 14926: 14922: 14918: 14914: 14908: 14892: 14888: 14884: 14878: 14862: 14858: 14854: 14848: 14832: 14828: 14824: 14817: 14801: 14797: 14793: 14786: 14776: 14764: 14760: 14756: 14749: 14742: 14730: 14726: 14722: 14715: 14699: 14695: 14694: 14689: 14682: 14674: 14670: 14666: 14659: 14643: 14640:(in Polish). 14639: 14634: 14626: 14618: 14606: 14602: 14598: 14594: 14590: 14586: 14582: 14578: 14574: 14569: 14561: 14554: 14541: 14537: 14533: 14525: 14509: 14505: 14504: 14499: 14492: 14476: 14472: 14471: 14466: 14459: 14443: 14439: 14438: 14433: 14426: 14415: 14411: 14404: 14398: 14390: 14389: 14381: 14379: 14362: 14355: 14353: 14336: 14332: 14328: 14321: 14313: 14307: 14291: 14287: 14283: 14277: 14261: 14257: 14253: 14246: 14230: 14226: 14222: 14216: 14197: 14193: 14189: 14185: 14181: 14176: 14171: 14167: 14163: 14162: 14154: 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13182: 13178: 13175: 13171: 13166: 13150: 13146: 13142: 13136: 13134: 13125: 13121: 13115: 13108: 13104: 13099: 13083: 13079: 13075: 13074:SOMA Magazine 13071: 13064: 13062: 13044: 13040: 13039: 13034: 13033:"Pravda Lite" 13027: 13025: 13023: 13021: 13019: 13017: 13015: 12998: 12994: 12990: 12983: 12967: 12963: 12962: 12957: 12953: 12947: 12931: 12927: 12920: 12913: 12909: 12905: 12902: 12899:Heidi Brown, 12896: 12880: 12876: 12869: 12853: 12849: 12845: 12838: 12836: 12834: 12832: 12830: 12828: 12826: 12809: 12805: 12801: 12797: 12793: 12789: 12785: 12781: 12777: 12776: 12770: 12762: 12746: 12742: 12741: 12740:The Spectator 12736: 12732: 12726: 12719: 12715: 12709: 12693: 12689: 12685: 12679: 12660: 12653: 12647: 12631: 12627: 12623: 12617: 12610: 12606: 12603: 12597: 12581: 12577: 12576: 12571: 12564: 12548: 12544: 12540: 12533: 12531: 12523: 12517: 12510: 12504: 12497: 12493: 12489: 12486: 12480: 12473: 12467: 12460: 12456: 12453: 12448: 12446: 12438: 12434: 12431: 12426: 12410: 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BBC. 2014. 6773: 6767: 6751: 6747: 6744: 6737: 6735: 6718: 6714: 6713: 6708: 6704: 6703:Harding, Luke 6698: 6696: 6694: 6677: 6673: 6669: 6662: 6660: 6658: 6641: 6637: 6633: 6629: 6623: 6621: 6619: 6617: 6615: 6613: 6611: 6609: 6607: 6590: 6586: 6585: 6580: 6573: 6566: 6553: 6548: 6543: 6539: 6535: 6531: 6527: 6526: 6521: 6514: 6506: 6491: 6487: 6483: 6476: 6475: 6467: 6465: 6463: 6461: 6459: 6451: 6446: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6417: 6413: 6406: 6405: 6397: 6390: 6374: 6370: 6366: 6362: 6358: 6354: 6350: 6346: 6339: 6332: 6325: 6323: 6319: 6315: 6308: 6296: 6292: 6286: 6282: 6278: 6274: 6269: 6268: 6262: 6257: 6249: 6242: 6229: 6225: 6221: 6217: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6197: 6193: 6192: 6187: 6183: 6177: 6170: 6154: 6150: 6146: 6145: 6137: 6130: 6123: 6118: 6106: 6102: 6096: 6092: 6087: 6086: 6077: 6061: 6057: 6056: 6051: 6044: 6028: 6024: 6023: 6018: 6014: 6010: 6009:Harris, Shane 6004: 5997: 5984: 5980: 5979: 5974: 5970: 5969:Aro, Jessikka 5964: 5957: 5944: 5940: 5939:Press Gazette 5936: 5930: 5914: 5910: 5909: 5904: 5900: 5894: 5886: 5874: 5870: 5869: 5864: 5858: 5851: 5838: 5834: 5833: 5828: 5822: 5815: 5802: 5798: 5794: 5790: 5789: 5784: 5777: 5770: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5743: 5739: 5732: 5725: 5718: 5714: 5702: 5698: 5692: 5688: 5683: 5682: 5673: 5657: 5653: 5649: 5642: 5640: 5623: 5619: 5615: 5614: 5613:Russia Beyond 5609: 5602: 5600: 5598: 5596: 5594: 5577: 5573: 5572: 5567: 5559: 5540: 5536: 5528: 5512: 5508: 5504: 5498: 5482: 5478: 5474: 5468: 5452: 5448: 5444: 5440: 5433: 5431: 5429: 5412: 5408: 5404: 5397: 5395: 5387: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5360: 5356: 5352: 5348: 5341: 5339: 5337: 5329: 5313: 5309: 5305: 5301: 5300: 5292: 5285: 5277: 5273: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5245: 5238: 5236: 5227: 5212: 5208: 5204: 5200: 5196: 5192: 5188: 5184: 5183: 5175: 5168: 5166: 5158: 5142: 5138: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5111: 5103: 5099: 5092: 5090: 5081: 5070: 5066: 5062: 5058: 5054: 5050: 5047:: 2062–2087. 5046: 5042: 5038: 5037: 5032: 5025: 5023: 5006: 5002: 5001: 4996: 4989: 4983: 4978: 4976: 4974: 4957: 4953: 4949: 4942: 4940: 4938: 4921: 4917: 4916: 4911: 4904: 4902: 4900: 4893: 4891: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4860: 4854: 4852: 4845: 4843: 4838: 4822: 4818: 4802: 4797: 4793: 4792: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4749: 4739: 4735: 4732: 4728: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4710: 4707: 4703: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4689: 4686: 4682: 4678: 4674: 4671: 4667: 4664: 4660: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4642: 4640: 4635: 4631: 4627: 4623: 4619: 4609: 4607: 4603: 4602:Alphabet Inc. 4599: 4595: 4590: 4588: 4587: 4582: 4578: 4577: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4559: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4537: 4535: 4531: 4521: 4519: 4514: 4512: 4508: 4498: 4496: 4492: 4487: 4485: 4481: 4477: 4472: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4461:foreign agent 4458: 4453: 4451: 4447: 4443: 4442:Radio Liberty 4438: 4436: 4432: 4422: 4419: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4403: 4401: 4397: 4396: 4391: 4390: 4389:The Intercept 4385: 4380: 4376: 4371: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4355: 4352: 4347: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4326:Crucified Boy 4322: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4307: 4305: 4304: 4299: 4298: 4293: 4289: 4285: 4280: 4278: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4256: 4252: 4244: 4242: 4238: 4232: 4230: 4226: 4221: 4219: 4215: 4210: 4207: 4206: 4200: 4198: 4194: 4189: 4186: 4185: 4180: 4176: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4161: 4160: 4155: 4154:Brian Stelter 4148: 4143: 4139: 4136: 4131: 4125: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4091: 4088: 4083: 4082:Lizzie Phelan 4079: 4074: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4038: 4037: 4028: 4023: 4019: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4008:South Ossetia 4005: 4004: 3998: 3996: 3995: 3990: 3975: 3973: 3968: 3963: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3948: 3945: 3941: 3936: 3934: 3930: 3925: 3922: 3918: 3917:campaign team 3914: 3904: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3892: 3887: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3871:United States 3860: 3858: 3854: 3842: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3820: 3818: 3814: 3802: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3776: 3773: 3769: 3757: 3754: 3750: 3738: 3737:from Russia. 3736: 3732: 3726: 3721: 3717: 3711: 3706: 3702: 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