254:
twist and turn since I started looking at these cases that there is a desire to avoid any judicial scrutiny". On 8 February 2011, Judge Birss told ACS:Law that the claims which had been brought to court could not be discontinued without the permission of the copyright holders, and a further hearing was set for 16 March. At this hearing the cases were officially closed. The judge deferred a decision on legal costs, saying: "If ever there was a case with conduct out of the norm it was this one".
250:. Shortly after proceedings started, ACS:Law attempted to drop the case. It was also reported that barristers for ACS:Law failed to provide vital documents due to them being "in storage". As the copyright holders were not present in court, Judge Birss was unable to end the case in a "simple" fashion. Judge Birss criticised ACS:Law, saying the case was "mind-boggling".
382:. Citing issues including the failure to establish the age of the persons who might have downloaded the material, Birss stated: "In all these circumstances, a default judgment arrived at without notice by means of an essentially administrative procedure, even one restricted to a financial claim, seems to me to be capable of working real injustice."
229:
commenting: "Were it not for the fact that ACS:Law has ceased trading so that Mr
Crossley now has limited means, a monetary penalty of £200,000 would have been imposed, given the severity of the breach." Graham criticised ACS:Law for having computer security measures that "were barely fit for purpose
162:
QC who, according to
Crossley "literally wrote the SRA rules", to assist in his defence against the SRA/SDT. In a letter to the Law Society Gazette, Crossley complained about "the repeated attempts to whip up hysteria and public outcry" regarding ACS:Law's action. Crossley had been declared bankrupt
130:
ACS:Law say that "the majority" of people choose to settle outside of court rather than fight the claims, but others claim that only 15-40% of people threatened end up paying. According to
Crossley, ACS:Law had recovered almost £1 million from suspected copyright infringers by April 2010. In the
262:
During the court case of
January 2011, some of the 26 individuals who had had their cases dropped by ACS:Law then received a letter from GCB Ltd., a new law firm. In court, Judge Colin Birss questioned Andrew Crossley about his relationship to GCB Ltd. Crossley admitted that the founders of GCB Ltd.
253:
Through a statement read to court on 24 January 2011, Crossley announced that he was withdrawing from pursuing claims against alleged illegal file sharers, citing criminal attacks and bomb threats as reasons. In response, Judge Colin Birss said "I am not happy. I am getting the impression with every
166:
On 16 January 2012, the SDT found
Crossley guilty on seven charges, suspended him from practicing law for two years and ordered him to pay £76,326.55 in costs. A spokesman for the SRA commented "Some of those affected were vulnerable members of the public and this matter has caused them significant
348:
networks can easily be accessed without permission, leading to innocent users being accused of activity carried out by a third party. Andrew Heaney, spokesman for TalkTalk, explained "the lack of presumption of innocence and the absence of judicial process combined with the prevalence of wi-fi
278:
In 2016 The SRA removed the conditions on
Crossley. He went on to work for Warren's Law and Advocacy, but is now practising again with his new company St Paul's Solicitors where he continues to deal with speculative invoicing cases along with data protection offences.
151:(SRA) about the conduct of ACS:Law constituted more than 16% of all complaints to the body for the whole month, and the SRA confirmed that the firm was under investigation. By July 2010, the SRA had received a record 418 official complaints from members of the public.
365:
were won by default when the defendants failed to appear. In 2009, the firm has admitted that they have yet to successfully prove a case in court. ACS:Law state that "it has been said that we have no intention of going to court but we have no fear of it".
187:. When asked about the attacks, Crossley said: "It was only down for a few hours. I have far more concern over the fact of my train turning up 10 minutes late or having to queue for a coffee than them wasting my time with this sort of rubbish."
270:
had received emails purporting to come from ACS:Law, accusing them of file sharing and demanding payments of £1665. Andrew
Crossley denied sending the emails and branded them a scam, saying that he would contact the police. The
263:
had previously been employed by him at ACS:Law. On 8 February 2011 judgment, Judge Birss commented that attempting to pursue claims through GCB whilst discontinuing the court claims was "an abuse of the court's process".
424:
in response to ACS:Law's action; many of the participants of these forums offer legal advice and actively organize against ACS:Law. ACS:Law sent Slyck.com a legal notice claiming defamation and threatening a lawsuit.
1647:
394:(BPI) said "our view is that legal action is best reserved for the most persistent or serious offenders - rather than widely used as a first response", adding that they would not be adopting the tactics of ACS:Law.
328:, who said that "innocent people are being accused". Following the batch of 10,000 letters sent in January 2010, over 150 people contacted Which? saying that they had been falsely accused. In an interview with
410:
We must also do something about the quantum of damages that is being sought. In a civil procedure on a technical matter, it amounts to blackmail; the cost of defending one of these things is reckoned to be
154:
In August 2010, the SRA ruled that ACS:Law had "a case to answer" regarding its campaign against suspected copyright infringement, and would refer the case to the
Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal (SDT).
337:
Researchers in
Washington DC found that the technology often results in false positives. ACS:Law responded saying "we are happy that the information we get is completely accurate". A study by the
681:
The
Tribunal Ordered that the Respondent, Andrew Jonathan Crossley, solicitor, be suspended from practice as a solicitor for the period of two years to commence on the 16th day of January 2012...
586:
1067:
194:
file which was a backup of the site was visible to anyone for a short period of time. The backup, which included copies of emails sent by the firm, was downloaded and made available as a
806:
1862:
1643:
1721:
1500:
636:(Disciplinary Tribunal findings and order - judgement with summary of 2002 judgement at page 5). Solicitors Regulation Authority (published 6 March 2006). Archived from
1852:
135:
in January 2011, it was revealed that Crossley took 65% of the money recovered, with only 30% going to copyright holders. One of ACS:Law's clients was the now defunct
1089:
99:
The main partner of the firm, and its only registered solicitor, was Andrew Jonathan Crossley. Crossley was found guilty of conduct unbefitting a solicitor by the
658:
1451:
937:
1540:
1857:
334:, one person who had received letters from ACS:Law commented: "ACS:Law act as investigator, judge and jury without any regard for who their actions affect."
242:
In January 2011, ACS:Law, acting for its client MediaCAT, attempted to gain judgements against 26 suspected illegal file sharers. The case was heard in the
1627:
1847:
654:
630:
959:
583:
1059:
167:
distress." Crossley was allowed to work as a solicitor again from 2013 subject to conditions including a ban from owning or running a law practice.
1822:
1781:
1009:
321:
202:
spreadsheets, listing the names and addresses of people that ACS:Law had accused of illegally sharing media. One contained over 5,300
1396:
206:
customers whom they had accused of illegally sharing pornography, while another contained the details of 8,000 Sky customers and 400
1817:
810:
1842:
853:
788:
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123:
in May 2009. In November 2009, they announced plans to initiate claims against a further 25,000 individuals; a batch of 10,000
1725:
1497:
1827:
1605:
664:(Tribunal proceedings and judgement). Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal (published 6 February 2012). para. 109. Archived from
420:
ACS:Law has also been accused of attempting to silence some of their critics. Three major discussion forums were started on
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1325:
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534:
219:
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103:
in 2012. In 2012 he was suspended from practicing as a solicitor for two years. Crossley was declared bankrupt by the
1530:
933:
698:
357:
The only records of successful court cases which ACS:Law relied upon for its letter writing campaign in relation to
148:
100:
1624:
403:
79:
law. Prior to 2009, its most notable case was the defence of a British national accused of public indecency in
479:
391:
637:
1369:
292:
As well as the investigation by the Solicitors Regulation Authority, complaints have also been received by
915:
230:
in a person's home environment, let alone a business handling such sensitive details." The consumer group
1476:
406:
spoke out against the activities of law firms, including ACS:Law, calling it "blackmail" and explaining:
51:
Civil litigation, commercial litigation, debt and money advice, employment law, intellectual property law
1719:
1785:
557:
362:
313:
211:
120:
88:
762:
1477:"ACS:Law copyright file sharing claims, Gallant Macmillan - and probably some others along the way"
736:
723:
444:
215:
1017:
454:
358:
309:
225:
In May 2011, ACS:Law was fined £1000 for the privacy breach, with the Information Commissioner
116:
91:. The firm ceased pursuing file sharers in January 2011 and ceased trading on 3 February 2011.
84:
297:
195:
104:
76:
1720:
Department of the Official Report (Hansard), House of Lords, Westminster (26 January 2010).
1667:
1373:
503:
379:
243:
132:
8:
785:
763:"Major law firm drops file sharing threats - Staff continue 'bullying' at smaller outfit"
375:
226:
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857:
960:"The 'legal blackmail' business: inside a P2P settlement factory | Ars Technica"
434:
184:
180:
124:
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792:
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199:
107:
in London on 20 May 2011. Crossley is now a consultant solicitor at Taylor Rose.
603:
341:
1120:"ACS:Law Anti-Piracy Law Firm Torn Apart By Leaked Emails | TorrentFreak"
1806:
449:
303:
237:
203:
159:
142:
1610:
1535:
1401:
1063:
562:
330:
1370:"Media CAT Ltd v Adams & Ors [2011] EWPCC 6 (8 February 2011)"
1172:
390:
ACS:Law has been criticised by representatives of the music industry. The
247:
176:
210:
customers accused of infringing the copyright on music by sharing it on
459:
317:
272:
1305:
MediaCAT, ... according to its law firm. ... MediaCAT is the plaintiff
139:
based company DigiProtect, whose motto was "turn piracy into profit".
1752:"Slyck.com refuses to remove content following legal threats from UK"
1531:"ACS:Law: The view from the accused, and the questions in the courts"
421:
378:
rejected eight attempts by ACS:Law to seek default judgements in the
136:
807:"Law firm hands out thousands of fines to suspected digital pirates"
1429:
1261:
986:
888:
529:
191:
83:. The firm is best known for its actions against persons allegedly
72:
558:"Patent judge hits out at legal tactics used against file-sharers"
110:
1664:"Media C.A.T. Ltd. v A [2010] EWPCC 17 (1 December 2010)"
325:
231:
207:
1060:"Operation Payback" attacks to go on until "we stop being angry"
175:
On 21 September 2010, the website of ACS:Law was subjected to a
170:
483:
267:
163:
and represented himself at subsequent hearings before the SDT.
30:
1041:"Piracy threats lawyer mocks 4chan DDoS attack - 'Big whoop'"
345:
320:
of the internet user's connection. However, ACS:Law's use of
80:
287:
324:'s technology has been the subject of an investigation by
304:
Quality of evidence against suspected copyright infringers
238:
Court case and withdrawal from action against file sharers
143:
Solicitors Regulation Authority investigation and tribunal
338:
1724:. parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk. Archived from
1196:"Fresh ACS:Law file-sharing lists expose thousands more"
659:"Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal - Case No. 10726-2011"
525:"Law firm ACS: Law stops 'chasing illegal file-sharers'"
1318:"ACS:Law told file-sharing case must continue by court"
631:"Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal - Case No. 9436-2005"
69:
1010:"Solicitor's Record: Crossley, Andrew Jonathan-150435"
693:
691:
689:
127:
were sent out in the first two weeks of January 2010.
1713:
1173:"'My details appeared on 'porn' list' - BBC Newsbeat"
982:"ACS: Law solicitor Andrew Crossley suspended by SRA"
604:"ACS: Law solicitor Andrew Crossley suspended by SRA"
352:
1863:
21st-century disestablishments in the United Kingdom
1038:
934:"File-Sharing Lawyers To Face Disciplinary Tribunal"
760:
385:
369:
218:
became part of an investigation into ACS:Law by the
686:
1606:"UK Game Piracy: Propaganda, Evidence and Damages"
1464:Lawyers target thousands of 'illegal' file-sharers
397:
266:In July 2011, it was reported that some people in
1853:20th-century establishments in the United Kingdom
1804:
415:
349:hacking will result in innocent people being ".
1498:More innocent consumers accused of file sharing
1143:"Adult video-sharing list leaked from law firm"
881:
522:
115:ACS:Law first started claims against suspected
111:Action against suspected copyright infringement
1528:
1394:
856:. beingthreatened.yolasite.com. Archived from
282:
1057:
555:
477:
171:Investigation by the Information Commissioner
1858:Law firms disestablished in the 21st century
1722:"Hansard 26 January 2010, Columns 1309-1310"
1112:
877:
875:
873:
871:
869:
867:
699:"SDT suspends ACS:Law founder for two years"
518:
516:
514:
512:
179:suspected to be coordinated by online group
1625:Court Order awarded in absence of defendant
952:
780:
778:
776:
198:. Some of the emails contained unencrypted
1745:
1743:
1227:"BT embroiled in ACS:Law porn list breach"
1039:Christopher Williams (22 September 2010).
147:In September 2009, complaints made to the
1848:Law firms established in the 20th century
1688:
864:
846:
830:
828:
826:
824:
822:
820:
754:
653:
509:
480:"File-sharing lawyers ACS Law shuts down"
1090:"Leaked emails fuel anti-piracy scandal"
773:
647:
622:
288:Investigations by regulatory authorities
1823:Defunct law firms of the United Kingdom
1749:
1740:
1603:
1479:. Consumeractiongroup.co.uk. 7 May 2009
1397:"Is ACS:Law chasing Greek filesharers?"
836:"Piracy letter campaign nets innocents"
628:
471:
275:listed in the emails were not from UK.
1805:
1701:from the original on 30 September 2010
1237:from the original on 30 September 2010
1206:from the original on 29 September 2010
1153:from the original on 28 September 2010
854:"Being Threatened - Profits from fear"
817:
804:
234:described the £1000 fine as "paltry".
1224:
1193:
1140:
190:When the site came back online, a 350
1543:from the original on 14 October 2010
1340:
1328:from the original on 9 February 2011
1295:from the original on 5 February 2011
1070:from the original on 30 October 2010
896:from the original on 27 January 2011
761:Christopher Williams (12 May 2009).
537:from the original on 25 January 2011
374:In December 2010, Judge Colin Birss
1689:Wakefield, Jane (29 January 2010).
1585:from the original on 1 October 2010
1425:"Lawyer denies Greek piracy 'scam'"
1348:"Judge considers costs for ACS Law"
1225:Emery, Daniel (29 September 2010).
1194:Emery, Daniel (28 September 2010).
1165:
1141:Emery, Daniel (27 September 2010).
1096:. 27 September 2010. Archived from
1058:Nate Anderson (30 September 2010).
940:from the original on 3 October 2010
882:Wakefield, Jane (25 January 2011).
523:Wakefield, Jane (25 January 2011).
440:Copyright law of the United Kingdom
13:
1691:"Law firm's piracy hunt condemned"
884:"Net piracy gets its day in court"
798:
353:Lack of definitive court judgments
257:
14:
1874:
1750:Townend, Judith (31 March 2010).
1575:"ISP in file-sharing wi-fi theft"
1529:Halliday, Josh (4 October 2010).
1289:"Firm stops pursuing net pirates"
916:"Cash demand over porn downloads"
805:Bunker, Adam (29 November 2009).
629:Gifford, L.N. (2 February 2006).
556:Kelly Fiveash (9 February 2011).
504:Dubai beach sex man 're-arrested'
478:Kobie, Nicole (4 February 2011).
386:Criticism from the music industry
370:Failure to gain default judgments
220:Information Commissioner's Office
158:Crossley engaged the services of
1452:Crossley, Andrew Jonathan—150435
1269:from the original on 12 May 2011
1257:"ACS:Law fined over data breach"
1818:Law firms of the United Kingdom
1774:
1682:
1656:
1637:
1618:
1597:
1567:
1555:
1522:
1517:Innocents accused of net piracy
1510:
1491:
1469:
1457:
1445:
1417:
1395:Halliday, Josh (21 July 2011).
1388:
1362:
1310:
1281:
1249:
1218:
1187:
1134:
1082:
1051:
1032:
1014:Solicitors Regulation Authority
1002:
974:
926:
908:
729:
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398:Criticism in the House of Lords
149:Solicitors Regulation Authority
101:Solicitors Regulation Authority
1843:Internet in the United Kingdom
1564:University of Washington Study
596:
577:
549:
497:
37:
1:
724:ACS Law solicitor is bankrupt
465:
416:Attempts to silence Slyck.com
392:British Phonographic Industry
214:. This alleged breach of the
1828:United Kingdom copyright law
7:
1833:Copyright law organizations
1646:Retrieved 1 December 2009.
786:letter from Andrew Crossley
428:
308:ACS:Law identify suspected
283:Criticism and controversies
10:
1879:
1838:Computer law organizations
1604:enigmax (21 August 2008).
1466:BBC News, 27 November 2009
506:BBC News, 22 December 2008
1813:Law firms based in London
1650:26 September 2020 at the
363:peer-to-peer file sharing
314:peer-to-peer file sharing
121:peer-to-peer file sharing
89:peer-to-peer file sharing
55:
47:
36:
26:
1630:2 September 2009 at the
1291:. BBC. 4 February 2011.
791:19 November 2010 at the
445:Digital Economy Act 2010
455:Norwich Pharmacal order
94:
1503:1 October 2010 at the
784:Law Society Gazette -
359:copyright infringement
344:showed that unsecured
310:copyright infringement
117:copyright infringement
1562:Tracking the trackers
1519:BBC News, 2 July 2009
298:Consumer Action Group
212:peer-to-peer networks
77:intellectual property
40: of offices
1668:Patents County Court
1374:Patents County Court
1100:on 28 September 2010
860:on 16 December 2009.
809:. T3. Archived from
726:PC Pro, 8 June 2011.
589:16 July 2011 at the
380:Patents County Court
244:Patents County Court
133:Patents County Court
85:infringing copyright
48:Major practice areas
1644:ACS:Law Latest News
1581:. 16 October 2009.
1507:Which?, 2 July 2009
1324:. 8 February 2011.
1020:on 16 December 2017
657:(16 January 2012).
643:on 28 October 2014.
584:ACS:Law Information
402:On 26 January 2010
246:in London by Judge
216:Data Protection Act
23:
1728:on 29 January 2016
1122:. torrentfreak.com
922:. 5 December 2008.
842:. 26 January 2010.
671:on 14 January 2016
227:Christopher Graham
21:
1670:. 1 December 2010
1634:Dated 3 June 2008
1376:. 8 February 2011
990:. 18 January 2012
962:. arstechnica.com
737:"Andrew Crossley"
705:. 17 January 2012
435:Capitol v. Thomas
185:Operation Payback
63:
62:
56:Date founded
1870:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1784:. Archived from
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1758:. Archived from
1756:journalism.co.uk
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1016:. Archived from
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936:. TorrentFreak.
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813:on 21 July 2011.
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75:specialising in
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