2704:
453:
1122:
436:
1189:'s best friend". He goes on to say, "Your biggest mistake is to assume that the NSA is the only institution abusing this position of trust – in fact, it's reasonable to assume that all firmware is a cesspool of insecurity, courtesy of incompetence of the highest degree from manufacturers, and competence of the highest degree from a very wide range of such agencies." He suggests
444:
1066:
The tables allow description of system hardware in a platform-independent manner, and are presented as either fixed-formatted data structures or in AML. The main AML table is the DSDT (differentiated system description table). The AML can be decompiled by tools like Intel's iASL (open-source, part of
535:
The 2.4 series of the Linux kernel had only minimal support for ACPI, with better support implemented (and enabled by default) from kernel version 2.6.0 onwards. Old ACPI BIOS implementations tend to be quite buggy, and consequently are not supported by later operating systems. For example,
559:
Once an OSPM-compatible operating system activates ACPI, it takes exclusive control of all aspects of power management and device configuration. The OSPM implementation must expose an ACPI-compatible environment to device drivers, which exposes certain system, device and processor states.
199:(PnP) Specification. ACPI brings power management under the control of the operating system, as opposed to the previous BIOS-centric system that relied on platform-specific firmware to determine power management and configuration policies. The specification is central to the
464:
was the first operating system to implement ACPI, but its implementation was somewhat buggy or incomplete, although some of the problems associated with it were caused by the first-generation ACPI hardware. Other operating systems, including later versions of
1039:
have a fixed function interface defined by Intel, which provides a set of core functionality that reduces an ACPI-compliant system's need for full driver stacks for providing basic functionality during boot time or in the case of major system failure.
1184:
says ACPI is a security risk. He says "arguing for ACPI on your next-generation device is arguing for a trojan horse of monumental proportions to be installed in your living room and in your data centre" and "firmware on your device is the
447:
The "It's now safe to turn off your computer" screen in
Windows NT 4.0. Unlike Windows 9x and later NT releases, most of the essential computer peripherals are working normally, so the user can opt to restart instead of powering off their
1023:
ACPI-compliant systems interact with hardware through either a "Function Fixed
Hardware (FFH) Interface", or a platform-independent hardware programming model which relies on platform-specific ACPI Machine Language (AML) provided by the
858:) is a state where the processor is not executing instructions, but can return to an executing state essentially instantaneously. All ACPI-conformant processors must support this power state. Some processors, such as the
323:
for the AML bytecode. A reference AML interpreter implementation is provided by the ACPI Component
Architecture (ACPICA). At the BIOS development time, AML bytecode is compiled from the ASL (ACPI Source Language) code.
3523:
894:, but maintains other state. Some processors have variations on the C3 state (Deep Sleep, Deeper Sleep, etc.) that differ in how long it takes to wake the processor. This processor state is optional.
439:
The "It's now safe to turn off your computer" screen in
Windows 9x. Most of the computer peripherals are offline, and the only ways to exit this screen are to power off or reset the computer.
732:
The computer's power has been totally removed via a mechanical switch (as on the rear of a PSU). The power cord can be removed and the system is safe for disassembly (typically, only the
1085:
shipped PCs with
Windows Update disabled. Windows versions older than Windows 7 do not support this feature, but alternative techniques can be used. This behavior has been compared to
632:
Processor caches are flushed, and the CPU(s) stops executing instructions. The power to the CPU(s) and RAM is maintained. Peripherals such as monitor and hard disk may be turned off.
1073:
A custom ACPI table called the
Windows Platform Binary Table (WPBT) is used by Microsoft to allow vendors to add software into the Windows OS automatically. Some vendors, such as
3516:
1314:
296:
The firmware-level ACPI has three main components: the ACPI tables, the ACPI BIOS, and the ACPI registers. The ACPI BIOS generates ACPI tables and loads ACPI tables into
1740:
2587:
3509:
1031:
Function Fixed
Hardware interfaces are platform-specific features, provided by platform manufacturers for the purposes of performance and failure recovery. Standard
284:
also participated later. In
October 2013, ACPI Special Interest Group (ACPI SIG), the original developers of the ACPI standard, agreed to transfer all assets to the
746:
state: the state of an operating system which does not support ACPI. In this state, the hardware and power are not managed via ACPI, effectively disabling ACPI.
4739:
1402:"The Advanced Configuration & Power Interface web page has a prominent note that links to the Preexisting ACPI Specifications page on the UEFI web site"
2455:
3711:
2328:
2278:"Advanced Configuration and Power Interface Specification, Revision 3.0, Section 2.6 Device and Processor Performance State Definitions"
548:
only use ACPI if the BIOS date is after
January 1, 1999. Similarly, Linux kernel 2.6 may not use ACPI if the BIOS date is before January 1, 2001.
2385:
5647:
4850:
4033:
2632:
604:
The computer is running and the CPU executes instructions. "Awaymode" is a subset of S0, where monitor is off but background tasks are running
4552:
3830:
1715:
5652:
4709:
4275:
4092:
2579:
1351:
880:) is a state where the processor maintains all software-visible state, but may take longer to wake up. This processor state is optional.
5063:
3546:
573:
The ACPI Specification defines the following four global "Gx" states and six sleep "Sx" states for an ACPI-compliant computer system:
4055:
1606:
1043:
ACPI Platform Error
Interface (APEI) is a specification for reporting of hardware errors, e.g. chipset, RAM to the operating system.
1959:
4704:
1936:
1282:
344:
platform-independent reference implementation of the operating system–related ACPI code. The ACPICA code is used by Linux,
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1326:
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1744:
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2127:
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1810:
1783:
409:
Released in June 2009, revision 4.0 of the ACPI specification added various new features to the design; most notable are the
2335:
1070:
The Root System Description Pointer (RSDP) is located in a platform-dependent manner, and describes the rest of the tables.
5657:
5473:
4597:
3860:
3704:
2277:
1650:
313:
2473:
5483:
4624:
3205:
3751:
2690:
2625:
288:, in which all future development will take place. The latest version of the standard 6.5 was released in August 2022.
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4791:
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1164:
5606:
5169:
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1131:
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and user-presence devices, as well as extending the thermal model beyond the previous processor-centric support.
670:
remains powered. Most peripherals are turned off. Fans are usually turned off. Requires GPU drivers on Windows.
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1987:
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514:
2393:
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3567:
3551:
3007:
2833:
2805:
933:. These states are implementation-dependent. P0 is always the highest-performance state, with P1 to P
870:
or Enhanced Halt State) for lower power consumption, however this proved to be buggy on some systems.
188:
108:
2370:
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5601:
5008:
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4771:
4733:
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2101:
1401:
345:
2171:
2015:
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address support as well as support for multiprocessor workstations and servers with revision 2.0.
364:
The first revision of the ACPI specification was released in December 1996, supporting 16, 24 and
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5662:
5554:
5337:
5231:
5195:
5112:
5096:
4938:
4727:
4686:
4674:
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4137:
3798:
3741:
3572:
1832:
1194:
930:
679:
320:
231:
1501:
5360:
5332:
5242:
5207:
4956:
4950:
4932:
4666:
4660:
4564:
4468:
4359:
4298:
4160:
3803:
2365:
1135:
961:
319:, stored in the ACPI tables. To make use of the ACPI tables, the operating system must have an
75:
1525:
387:
would benefit from ACPI without them having to do work and suggested to make it Windows-only.
5534:
5443:
5189:
4901:
4719:
4478:
4446:
4404:
4316:
4117:
3932:
3922:
3912:
3902:
3872:
3855:
3720:
1991:
1966:
1775:
1629:
1322:
1232:
403:
390:
In September 2004, revision 3.0 was released, bringing to the ACPI specification support for
22:
2433:
929:
While a device or processor operates (D0 and C0, respectively), it can be in one of several
5564:
5500:
5086:
4808:
4698:
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3214:
3180:
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3000:
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1642:
1464:
714:
341:
281:
208:
1613:
1146:
8:
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5596:
5416:
5267:
5249:
5213:
5201:
4855:
4802:
4579:
4495:
4377:
4232:
4127:
3986:
3221:
3194:
3025:
2865:
2819:
1352:"What is ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface)? - Definition from WhatIs.com"
692:
545:
1063:). This includes RSDP, RSDT, XSDT, FADT, FACS, DSDT, SSDT, MADT, and MCFG, for example.
5468:
5460:
5312:
5287:
5091:
4966:
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4431:
4311:
4043:
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3610:
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3253:
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2071:
1929:
1293:
957:
937:
being successively lower-performance states, up to an implementation-specific limit of
316:
196:
187:), and status monitoring. It was first released in December 1996. ACPI aims to replace
118:
1853:
1377:"ACPI Device Tree - Representation of ACPI Namespace — The Linux Kernel documentation"
420:
Revision 5.0 of the ACPI specification was released in December 2011, which added the
5421:
5388:
5304:
5236:
5137:
5127:
5117:
5048:
5043:
5038:
4961:
4890:
4796:
4756:
4389:
4339:
4289:
4265:
4147:
4087:
4082:
3964:
3880:
3648:
3489:
3158:
3151:
2937:
2324:
2059:
2049:
1779:
1768:
1634:
1318:
1181:
1036:
812:: A device can assert power management requests to transition to higher power states.
621:, or "Low Power S0 Idle". Partial processor SoC sleep. Known to ARM and x86 devices.
510:
452:
285:
220:
172:
5591:
5524:
5510:
5365:
5272:
5226:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5003:
4873:
4840:
4751:
4746:
4655:
4507:
4502:
4485:
4473:
4412:
3976:
3954:
3840:
3818:
3736:
3532:
3454:
3401:
3394:
2980:
2902:
2312:
1052:
969:
421:
224:
176:
168:
131:
2048:. Ellen Siever, Ellen Siever (5th ed.). Beijing: O'Reilly. 2005. p. 36.
1818:
443:
5505:
5490:
5438:
5342:
5317:
5154:
5147:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4927:
4835:
4825:
4547:
4382:
4334:
4097:
3981:
3949:
3850:
3845:
3766:
3330:
2888:
2743:
2591:
2237:
1630:
1256:
1227:
891:
733:
309:
273:
255:
250:), which the kernel parses. ACPI then executes the desired operations written in
2519:
2288:
230:
Internally, ACPI advertises the available components and their functions to the
5616:
5450:
5433:
5426:
5322:
5179:
4916:
4830:
4761:
4344:
4306:
4255:
4250:
4245:
3959:
3783:
3653:
2858:
2599:
1201:
399:
1067:
ACPICA) for purposes like patching the tables for expanding OS compatibility.
1051:
ACPI defines many tables that provide the interface between an ACPI-compliant
254:(such as the initialization of hardware components) using an embedded minimal
5642:
5636:
5411:
5327:
4367:
4349:
4142:
3835:
3674:
3669:
3587:
3053:
3046:
2784:
2713:
2063:
551:
Linux-based operating systems can provide handling of ACPI events via acpid.
518:
427:
The latest specification revision is 6.5, which was released in August 2022.
180:
179:(e.g. putting unused hardware components to sleep), auto configuration (e.g.
164:
4270:
2598:; EFI/ASL code itself is from the open source Intel EFI Development Kit II (
2415:
1661:
5621:
5559:
5375:
5352:
5164:
4885:
3823:
3582:
3577:
3308:
3074:
2826:
2544:
1555:
1205:
537:
184:
2233:
2043:
1260:
1077:, have been caught using this feature to install harmful software such as
517:, have at least some support for ACPI. Some newer operating systems, like
5406:
5370:
5081:
5053:
4911:
4766:
3689:
3440:
3376:
3039:
2991:
1798:
1687:"Advanced Configuration and Power Interface Specification (Revision 5.1)"
1651:"Advanced Configuration and Power Interface Specification (Revision 5.0)"
1243:
1190:
641:
474:
395:
297:
2207:
1716:"Limitations When Using Microsoft Windows 98 on Compaq Armada Portables"
456:
The "It's now safe to power off the system" screen in Windows 10 and 11.
5292:
5282:
5277:
5259:
5159:
5132:
4394:
4227:
4197:
3917:
3475:
3461:
3301:
2973:
2775:
2610:
2595:
1578:
1435:"Advanced Configuration and Power Interface Specification, Release 6.5"
1298:
965:
863:
696:
658:
541:
461:
380:
81:
5383:
5380:
5122:
4192:
4170:
3622:
3616:
3447:
3095:
2930:
2923:
2879:
2580:
Everything You Need to Know About the CPU C-States Power Saving Modes
2497:
2255:
2211:
2105:
1638:
1200:
Overall design decision was not without criticism. In November 2003,
1078:
953:
945:
859:
618:
526:
522:
376:
265:
3531:
2493:"Millions of Windows 10 PCs exposed by nasty security vulnerability"
5398:
4217:
3632:
3468:
3433:
3267:
3123:
3060:
2916:
2909:
2641:
1583:
1222:
506:
368:
addressing spaces. It was not until August 2000 that ACPI received
301:
239:
2571:
4207:
4165:
3627:
3362:
3102:
3081:
3032:
2872:
2851:
2645:
1903:
1646:
1086:
1082:
521:, require the computer to have an ACPI-compliant BIOS, and since
498:
490:
482:
466:
410:
356:, which supplement it with their operating-system specific code.
353:
269:
1930:"ACPI 2.0 Specification Technical Review, Intel Developer Forum"
1878:
792:
are intermediate power-states whose definition varies by device.
4222:
4187:
4152:
3415:
3144:
3109:
1177:
1074:
900:
are defined by manufacturers for some processors. For example,
486:
478:
414:
369:
365:
349:
277:
2456:"Zombie Crapware: How the Windows Platform Binary Table Works"
1208:—described ACPI as "a complete design disaster in every way".
532:
Windows operating systems use acpi.sys to access ACPI events.
4680:
4212:
4182:
3408:
3260:
3116:
3088:
3067:
1032:
949:
901:
502:
494:
470:
384:
261:
435:
201:
Operating System-directed configuration and Power Management
4692:
4612:
4202:
3353:
3346:
3315:
3137:
2768:
2761:
2474:"Vendors 'rootkit': 'Windows Platform Binary Table' (WPBT)"
1060:
1056:
890:) is a state where the processor does not need to keep its
391:
247:
243:
216:
212:
95:
1765:
1513:
4132:
4122:
1186:
688:
667:
300:. Much of the firmware ACPI functionality is provided in
1579:"Microsoft: ACPI sollte nur unter Windows funktionieren"
1409:
143:
822:
has the device powered off and unresponsive to its bus.
327:
2208:"Athlon II X2: Hardware C1E and Return of the CnQ Bug"
2605:
1811:"Cover Story: Win98 Bugs & Fixes - December 1998"
1799:
Windows 98 Does Not Support ACPI Passive Cooling Mode
424:
support. The revision 5.1 was released in July 2014.
340:), mainly written by Intel's engineers, provides an
1741:"Windows 98 on ThinkPad systems - ThinkPad General"
2125:
1767:
1142:
3547:Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI)
2323:
1759:
5634:
3533:Computer processor power management technologies
2529:
2527:
2099:
1394:
2449:
2447:
2287:. September 2, 2004. p. 23. Archived from
736:continues to run using its own small battery).
413:support, logical processor idling support, and
211:interfaces between the device's firmware (e.g.
3017:
2386:"ACPI Tables — The Linux Kernel documentation"
1721:. physik.hu-berlin.de. October 1998. p. 3
1462:
1429:
1427:
3705:
3517:
2626:
2524:
2490:
2360:Brown, Len (July 20, 2005). "ACPI in Linux".
2444:
1465:"ATARE: ACPI Tables and Regular Expressions"
4710:Computer performance by orders of magnitude
1424:
1197:firmware (ACPI or non-ACPI) as a solution.
3719:
3712:
3698:
3524:
3510:
3228:
2633:
2619:
2533:Linux Magazine issue 162, May 2014, page 9
2090:ACPI Spec Rev 5.0 - dated December 6, 2011
2011:
2009:
1145:. Please do not remove this message until
780:states for intermediate levels on the SoC.
157:Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
29:Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
2518:Mark Shuttleworth blog (March 17, 2014),
2369:
2234:"Intel's Pentium 4 600 series processors"
1770:Using Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional
1486:
1484:
1165:Learn how and when to remove this message
272:originally developed the standard, while
2640:
1623:
1141:Relevant discussion may be found on the
554:
451:
442:
434:
2453:
2102:"Intel's Haswell Architecture Analyzed"
2006:
1927:
1551:"Microsoft wollte ACPI nur fĂĽr Windows"
1491:ACPI implementation on FreeBSD - Usenix
1255:
798:: The D3 state is further divided into
5635:
2542:
2329:"Intel Processor Vendor-Specific ACPI"
2231:
2172:"How to achieve S0ix states in Linux*"
1495:
1481:
402:support for more than 256 processors,
5648:Unified Extensible Firmware Interface
3693:
3505:
2614:
2359:
2252:"Processor Package and Core C-States"
2016:The State of ACPI in the Linux Kernel
1766:Robert Cowart; Brian Knittel (2000).
1604:
866:, also support an Enhanced C1 state (
4681:Floating-point operations per second
2491:Mayank Sharma (September 27, 2021).
2169:
2100:Anand Lal Shimpi (October 5, 2012).
1957:
1743:. Support.lenovo.com. Archived from
1526:"Readme for the ACPI Driver Package"
1115:
1107:Software Licensing Description Table
924:
430:
328:ACPI Component Architecture (ACPICA)
16:Computer firmware interface standard
2545:"Linus & the Lunatics, Part II"
2232:Wasson, Scott (February 21, 2005).
1988:"Acpi.sys: The Windows ACPI Driver"
1514:ACPICA: ACPI Component Architecture
828:
13:
5653:Application programming interfaces
2520:"ACPI, firmware and your security"
2454:Hoffman, Chris (August 19, 2015).
1939:from the original on July 21, 2011
1854:"FreeBSD 5.0-RELEASE Announcement"
1249:
699:, and the system is powered down.
171:can use to discover and configure
14:
5684:
2563:
2543:Searls, Doc (November 25, 2003).
742:The specification also defines a
5607:Semiconductor device fabrication
2702:
2170:Wang, Wendy (October 17, 2018).
1928:Therien, Guy (January 6, 2000).
1904:"acpi(4) - OpenBSD manual pages"
1605:Gates, Bill (January 24, 1999).
1120:
1101:Platform Health Assessment Table
749:
568:
5582:History of general-purpose CPUs
3809:Nondeterministic Turing machine
3552:Advanced Power Management (APM)
2536:
2512:
2484:
2466:
2426:
2408:
2378:
2353:
2317:
2306:
2270:
2244:
2225:
2200:
2182:
2163:
2145:
2119:
2093:
2084:
2036:
2020:
1980:
1951:
1921:
1896:
1879:"acpi(4) - NetBSD Manual Pages"
1871:
1846:
1825:
1803:
1792:
1733:
1708:
1679:
1598:
1571:
1543:
1518:
1507:
1408:. July 23, 2014. Archived from
1325:. February 1996. Archived from
1238:Server Base System Architecture
1026:original equipment manufacturer
563:
291:
238:") provided through the system
3762:Deterministic finite automaton
2576:(UEFI and ACPI specifications)
1463:Bernhard Kauer (August 2009).
1456:
1369:
1344:
1307:
1275:
1009:, voltage and frequency scaled
999:, voltage and frequency scaled
989:, voltage and frequency scaled
944:P-states have become known as
1:
4553:Simultaneous and heterogenous
3340:Preboot Execution Environment
2945:Run-Time Abstraction Services
2478:Born's Tech and Windows World
1268:
1218:Active State Power Management
1013:
5237:Integrated memory controller
5219:Translation lookaside buffer
4418:Memory dependence prediction
3861:Random-access stored program
3814:Probabilistic Turing machine
2799:MultiProcessor Specification
1111:
193:MultiProcessor Specification
114:MultiProcessor Specification
7:
5658:Computer hardware standards
4693:Synaptic updates per second
3370:Remote Initial Program Load
2967:Common Firmware Environment
2434:"Getting Started With ACPI"
1211:
1147:conditions to do so are met
1046:
1018:
979:maximum power and frequency
802:(has auxiliary power), and
334:ACPI Component Architecture
10:
5691:
5097:Heterogeneous architecture
4019:Orthogonal instruction set
3789:Alternating Turing machine
3777:Quantum cellular automaton
2959:Hybrid firmware bootloader
2700:
1774:. Que Publishing. p.
908:platform has states up to
359:
234:using instruction lists ("
20:
5587:Microprocessor chronology
5574:
5550:Dynamic frequency scaling
5523:
5459:
5397:
5351:
5303:
5258:
5178:
5105:
5074:
4979:
4900:
4864:
4818:
4718:
4705:Cache performance metrics
4644:
4578:
4528:
4439:
4430:
4403:
4358:
4325:
4297:
4288:
4108:
4011:
4000:
3871:
3727:
3662:
3641:
3603:
3596:
3568:Dynamic frequency scaling
3560:
3539:
3425:
3386:
3329:
3293:
3245:
3238:
3204:
3172:
3008:Comparison of bootloaders
2990:
2958:
2843:
2753:
2721:
2711:
2652:
1092:
912:, where it distinguishes
611:
608:
383:stated in an e-mail that
189:Advanced Power Management
138:
127:
109:Advanced Power Management
101:
91:
67:
57:
49:
41:
33:
5602:Hardware security module
4945:Digital signal processor
4922:Graphics processing unit
4734:Graphics processing unit
2126:windows-driver-content.
1315:"APM BIOS Specification"
931:power-performance states
841:are defined as follows:
776:As with S0ix, Intel has
773:is the operating state.
719:system is powered down.
652:Commonly referred to as
5555:Dynamic voltage scaling
5338:Memory address register
5232:Branch target predictor
5196:Address generation unit
4939:Physics processing unit
4728:Central processing unit
4687:Transactions per second
4675:Instructions per second
4598:Array processing (SIMT)
3742:Stored-program computer
3573:Dynamic voltage scaling
2896:Phoenix SecureCore UEFI
2590:April 12, 2023, at the
1960:"ACPI in Windows Vista"
1442:UEFI.org/specifications
848:is the operating state.
630:Power on Suspend (POS):
529:state was implemented.
232:operating system kernel
207:) system. ACPI defines
175:components, to perform
5361:Hardwired control unit
5243:Memory management unit
5208:Memory management unit
4957:Secure cryptoprocessor
4951:Tensor Processing Unit
4933:Vision processing unit
4667:Cycles per instruction
4661:Instructions per cycle
4608:Associative processing
4299:Instruction pipelining
3721:Processor technologies
2362:Ottawa Linux Symposium
2076:: CS1 maint: others (
762:are device dependent:
457:
449:
440:
5673:System administration
5444:Sum-addressed decoder
5190:Arithmetic logic unit
4317:Classic RISC pipeline
4271:Epiphany architecture
4118:Motorola 68000 series
1992:Microsoft Corporation
1967:Microsoft Corporation
1935:. Intel Corporation.
1667:on September 14, 2012
1323:Microsoft Corporation
1233:Power management keys
1055:and system firmware (
833:The CPU power states
806:(no power provided):
555:OSPM responsibilities
493:(since OpenBSD 3.8),
485:(since FreeBSD 5.0),
455:
446:
438:
404:ambient light sensors
306:ACPI Machine Language
252:ACPI Machine Language
23:ACPI (disambiguation)
5565:Performance per watt
5143:replacement policies
4809:Package on a package
4699:Performance per watt
4603:Pipelined processing
4373:Tomasulo's algorithm
4178:Clipper architecture
4034:Application-specific
3747:Finite-state machine
3215:EFI system partition
3181:GUID Partition Table
3131:Windows Boot Manager
3001:Bootloader unlocking
2813:Legacy Plug and Play
2737:Open-source firmware
2730:Proprietary firmware
2341:on December 25, 2012
2294:on November 28, 2015
1821:on October 13, 1999.
1649:(December 6, 2011).
1643:Phoenix Technologies
1619:on February 2, 2007.
1559:(in Austrian German)
1259:(October 31, 2023).
941:no greater than 16.
664:Suspend to RAM (STR)
489:(since NetBSD 1.6),
223:components, and the
209:hardware abstraction
5597:Digital electronics
5250:Instruction decoder
5202:Floating-point unit
4856:Soft microprocessor
4803:System in a package
4378:Reservation station
3908:Transport-triggered
3222:BIOS boot partition
3195:Apple Partition Map
3026:Acronis OS Selector
2866:American Megatrends
2585:Sample EFI ASL code
2480:. December 6, 2017.
2396:on October 20, 2020
2045:Linux in a nutshell
1747:on February 3, 2014
1356:SearchWindowsServer
1332:on February 6, 2012
1134:of this section is
964:processors, and as
693:non-volatile memory
687:All content of the
644:is flushed to RAM.
577:
546:Windows Server 2003
527:S0ix/Modern Standby
30:
5469:Integrated circuit
5313:Processor register
4967:Baseband processor
4312:Operand forwarding
3772:Cellular automaton
3483:Power-on self-test
3188:Master boot record
2327:(September 2006).
2194:software.intel.com
2157:software.intel.com
2132:docs.microsoft.com
2031:msdn.microsoft.com
1833:"ArcaOS Changelog"
754:The device states
576:
458:
450:
441:
317:low-level language
197:Plug and Play BIOS
119:Plug and Play BIOS
28:
5630:
5629:
5519:
5518:
5138:Instruction cache
5128:Scratchpad memory
4975:
4974:
4962:Network processor
4891:Network on a chip
4846:Ultra-low-voltage
4797:Multi-chip module
4640:
4639:
4426:
4425:
4413:Branch prediction
4390:Register renaming
4284:
4283:
4266:VISC architecture
4088:Quantum computing
4083:VISC architecture
3965:Secondary storage
3881:Microarchitecture
3841:Register machines
3687:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3649:Intel Turbo Boost
3628:Transmeta LongRun
3499:
3498:
3325:
3324:
3173:Partition layouts
3168:
3167:
3152:Plop Boot Manager
2954:
2953:
2325:Intel Corporation
2055:978-0-596-52949-9
1958:Marshall, Allen.
1785:978-0-7897-2125-9
1635:Intel Corporation
1607:"ACPI extensions"
1319:Intel Corporation
1182:Mark Shuttleworth
1175:
1174:
1167:
925:Performance state
898:Additional states
740:
739:
640:CPU powered off.
431:Operating systems
225:operating systems
221:computer hardware
173:computer hardware
169:operating systems
154:
153:
92:Related standards
5680:
5592:Processor design
5484:Power management
5366:Instruction unit
5227:Branch predictor
5176:
5175:
4874:System on a chip
4816:
4815:
4656:Transistor count
4580:Flynn's taxonomy
4437:
4436:
4295:
4294:
4098:Addressing modes
4009:
4008:
3955:Memory hierarchy
3819:Hypercomputation
3737:Abstract machine
3714:
3707:
3700:
3691:
3690:
3611:AMD Cool'n'Quiet
3601:
3600:
3526:
3519:
3512:
3503:
3502:
3492:
3485:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3457:
3455:Execute in place
3450:
3443:
3436:
3418:
3411:
3404:
3397:
3379:
3372:
3365:
3356:
3349:
3342:
3318:
3311:
3304:
3284:
3277:
3270:
3263:
3256:
3243:
3242:
3231:
3224:
3217:
3197:
3190:
3183:
3161:
3154:
3147:
3140:
3133:
3126:
3119:
3112:
3105:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3063:
3056:
3049:
3042:
3035:
3028:
3015:
3014:
3010:
3003:
2983:
2976:
2969:
2947:
2940:
2933:
2926:
2919:
2912:
2905:
2903:TianoCore EDK II
2898:
2891:
2882:
2875:
2868:
2861:
2854:
2836:
2829:
2822:
2815:
2808:
2801:
2794:
2787:
2778:
2771:
2764:
2746:
2739:
2732:
2719:
2718:
2706:
2693:
2686:
2677:
2670:
2663:
2635:
2628:
2621:
2612:
2611:
2575:
2574:
2572:Official website
2557:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2540:
2534:
2531:
2522:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2451:
2442:
2441:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2392:. Archived from
2382:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2340:
2334:. Archived from
2333:
2321:
2315:
2313:Link aggregation
2310:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2293:
2282:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2196:. March 9, 2020.
2186:
2180:
2179:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2159:. March 9, 2020.
2149:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2128:"Modern Standby"
2123:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2097:
2091:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2075:
2067:
2040:
2034:
2024:
2018:
2013:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1964:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1934:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1817:. Archived from
1807:
1801:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1773:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1720:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1691:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1666:
1660:. Archived from
1655:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1612:. Archived from
1611:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1522:
1516:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1493:
1488:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1469:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1439:
1431:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1412:on June 22, 2011
1398:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1331:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1303:on May 25, 2019.
1302:
1292:. Archived from
1287:
1279:
1264:
1257:Garrett, Matthew
1170:
1163:
1159:
1156:
1150:
1124:
1123:
1116:
1053:operating system
886:(often known as
876:(often known as
854:(often known as
829:Processor states
685:Suspend to Disk:
578:
575:
422:ARM architecture
177:power management
150:
147:
145:
132:Power management
31:
27:
21:For others, see
5690:
5689:
5683:
5682:
5681:
5679:
5678:
5677:
5633:
5632:
5631:
5626:
5612:Tick–tock model
5570:
5526:
5515:
5455:
5439:Address decoder
5393:
5347:
5343:Program counter
5318:Status register
5299:
5254:
5214:Load–store unit
5181:
5174:
5101:
5070:
4971:
4928:Image processor
4903:
4896:
4866:
4860:
4836:Microcontroller
4826:Embedded system
4814:
4714:
4647:
4636:
4574:
4524:
4422:
4399:
4383:Re-order buffer
4354:
4335:Data dependency
4321:
4280:
4110:
4104:
4003:
4002:Instruction set
3996:
3982:Multiprocessing
3950:Cache hierarchy
3943:Register/memory
3867:
3767:Queue automaton
3723:
3718:
3688:
3679:
3658:
3637:
3623:Intel SpeedStep
3597:Implementations
3592:
3556:
3535:
3530:
3500:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3453:
3446:
3439:
3432:
3421:
3414:
3407:
3400:
3393:
3382:
3375:
3368:
3361:
3352:
3345:
3338:
3321:
3314:
3307:
3300:
3289:
3280:
3273:
3266:
3259:
3252:
3234:
3227:
3220:
3213:
3200:
3193:
3186:
3179:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3143:
3136:
3129:
3122:
3115:
3108:
3101:
3094:
3087:
3080:
3073:
3066:
3059:
3052:
3045:
3038:
3031:
3024:
3018:Implementations
3013:
3006:
2999:
2986:
2979:
2972:
2965:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2922:
2915:
2908:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2878:
2871:
2864:
2857:
2850:
2844:Implementations
2839:
2832:
2825:
2818:
2811:
2804:
2797:
2790:
2783:
2774:
2767:
2760:
2749:
2744:Custom firmware
2742:
2735:
2728:
2707:
2698:
2689:
2682:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2648:
2639:
2592:Wayback Machine
2570:
2569:
2566:
2561:
2560:
2550:
2548:
2547:. Linux Journal
2541:
2537:
2532:
2525:
2517:
2513:
2503:
2501:
2489:
2485:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2452:
2445:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2399:
2397:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2371:10.1.1.173.2206
2358:
2354:
2344:
2342:
2338:
2331:
2322:
2318:
2311:
2307:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2280:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2261:
2259:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2238:The Tech Report
2230:
2226:
2216:
2214:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2168:
2164:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2136:
2134:
2124:
2120:
2110:
2108:
2098:
2094:
2089:
2085:
2069:
2068:
2056:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2025:
2021:
2014:
2007:
1997:
1995:
1994:. June 15, 2017
1986:
1985:
1981:
1971:
1969:
1962:
1956:
1952:
1942:
1940:
1932:
1926:
1922:
1912:
1910:
1908:man.openbsd.org
1902:
1901:
1897:
1887:
1885:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1862:
1860:
1858:www.freebsd.org
1852:
1851:
1847:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1797:
1793:
1786:
1764:
1760:
1750:
1748:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1699:
1697:
1696:. July 23, 2014
1689:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1653:
1631:Hewlett-Packard
1628:
1624:
1616:
1609:
1603:
1599:
1589:
1587:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1562:
1560:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1534:
1532:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1512:
1508:
1500:
1496:
1489:
1482:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1461:
1457:
1447:
1445:
1437:
1433:
1432:
1425:
1415:
1413:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1385:
1383:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1360:
1358:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1296:
1285:
1283:"ACPI Overview"
1281:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1252:
1250:Further reading
1228:Green computing
1214:
1204:—author of the
1171:
1160:
1154:
1151:
1140:
1125:
1121:
1114:
1095:
1049:
1021:
1016:
952:processors, as
927:
831:
752:
734:real-time clock
727:Mechanical Off
571:
566:
557:
433:
362:
330:
314:domain-specific
310:Turing-complete
294:
256:virtual machine
142:
123:
87:
62:
50:First published
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5688:
5687:
5676:
5675:
5670:
5668:Electric power
5665:
5663:Open standards
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5628:
5627:
5625:
5624:
5619:
5617:Pin grid array
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5578:
5576:
5572:
5571:
5569:
5568:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5531:
5529:
5521:
5520:
5517:
5516:
5514:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5487:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5465:
5463:
5457:
5456:
5454:
5453:
5451:Barrel shifter
5448:
5447:
5446:
5441:
5434:Binary decoder
5431:
5430:
5429:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5403:
5401:
5395:
5394:
5392:
5391:
5386:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5357:
5355:
5349:
5348:
5346:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5323:Stack register
5320:
5315:
5309:
5307:
5301:
5300:
5298:
5297:
5296:
5295:
5290:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5264:
5262:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5252:
5247:
5246:
5245:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5223:
5222:
5216:
5205:
5199:
5193:
5186:
5184:
5173:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5151:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5115:
5109:
5107:
5103:
5102:
5100:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5078:
5076:
5072:
5071:
5069:
5068:
5067:
5066:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4985:
4983:
4977:
4976:
4973:
4972:
4970:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4948:
4942:
4936:
4930:
4925:
4919:
4917:AI accelerator
4914:
4908:
4906:
4898:
4897:
4895:
4894:
4888:
4883:
4880:Multiprocessor
4877:
4870:
4868:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4831:Microprocessor
4828:
4822:
4820:
4819:By application
4813:
4812:
4806:
4800:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4762:Tile processor
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4743:
4742:
4731:
4724:
4722:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4696:
4690:
4684:
4678:
4672:
4671:
4670:
4658:
4652:
4650:
4642:
4641:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4634:
4633:
4632:
4622:
4617:
4616:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4590:
4584:
4582:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4556:
4555:
4550:
4548:Hyperthreading
4540:
4534:
4532:
4530:Multithreading
4526:
4525:
4523:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4511:
4510:
4500:
4499:
4498:
4493:
4483:
4482:
4481:
4476:
4466:
4461:
4460:
4459:
4454:
4443:
4441:
4434:
4428:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4420:
4415:
4409:
4407:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4386:
4385:
4380:
4370:
4364:
4362:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4331:
4329:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4307:Pipeline stall
4303:
4301:
4292:
4286:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4260:
4259:
4258:
4256:z/Architecture
4253:
4248:
4243:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4174:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4114:
4112:
4106:
4105:
4103:
4102:
4101:
4100:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4059:
4058:
4048:
4047:
4046:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4015:
4013:
4006:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3968:
3967:
3962:
3960:Virtual memory
3952:
3947:
3946:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3899:
3898:
3888:
3883:
3877:
3875:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3827:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3784:Turing machine
3781:
3780:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3744:
3739:
3733:
3731:
3725:
3724:
3717:
3716:
3709:
3702:
3694:
3685:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3677:
3672:
3666:
3664:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3654:AMD Turbo Core
3651:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3614:
3607:
3605:
3598:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3564:
3562:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3549:
3543:
3541:
3537:
3536:
3529:
3528:
3521:
3514:
3506:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3486:
3479:
3472:
3465:
3458:
3451:
3444:
3437:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3419:
3412:
3405:
3398:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3373:
3366:
3359:
3358:
3357:
3350:
3335:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3312:
3305:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3271:
3264:
3257:
3249:
3247:
3240:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3225:
3218:
3210:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3198:
3191:
3184:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3155:
3148:
3141:
3134:
3127:
3120:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3071:
3064:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3029:
3021:
3019:
3012:
3011:
3004:
2996:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2977:
2970:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2941:
2934:
2927:
2920:
2913:
2906:
2899:
2892:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2876:
2862:
2855:
2847:
2845:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2816:
2809:
2802:
2795:
2788:
2781:
2780:
2779:
2765:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2740:
2733:
2725:
2723:
2716:
2709:
2708:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2680:
2679:
2678:
2671:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2649:
2638:
2637:
2630:
2623:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2582:
2577:
2565:
2564:External links
2562:
2559:
2558:
2535:
2523:
2511:
2483:
2465:
2443:
2425:
2407:
2390:www.kernel.org
2377:
2352:
2316:
2305:
2269:
2258:. June 9, 2013
2243:
2224:
2199:
2181:
2162:
2144:
2118:
2092:
2083:
2054:
2035:
2019:
2005:
1979:
1950:
1920:
1895:
1883:man.netbsd.org
1870:
1845:
1824:
1802:
1791:
1784:
1758:
1732:
1707:
1678:
1622:
1597:
1570:
1542:
1517:
1506:
1494:
1480:
1455:
1423:
1393:
1381:www.kernel.org
1368:
1343:
1306:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1213:
1210:
1202:Linus Torvalds
1173:
1172:
1128:
1126:
1119:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1094:
1091:
1048:
1045:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1000:
990:
980:
926:
923:
922:
921:
895:
892:cache coherent
881:
871:
849:
830:
827:
826:
825:
824:
823:
813:
793:
783:
782:
781:
751:
748:
738:
737:
730:
728:
725:
721:
720:
711:
708:
705:
701:
700:
676:
672:
671:
650:
646:
645:
638:
634:
633:
627:
623:
622:
619:Modern Standby
616:
613:
610:
606:
605:
602:
599:
596:
592:
591:
588:
585:
582:
570:
567:
565:
562:
556:
553:
432:
429:
400:multiprocessor
375:In 1999, then
361:
358:
329:
326:
293:
290:
152:
151:
140:
136:
135:
129:
125:
124:
122:
121:
116:
111:
105:
103:
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
86:
85:
84:(2013-current)
79:
71:
69:
65:
64:
59:
58:Latest version
55:
54:
51:
47:
46:
43:
39:
38:
35:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5686:
5685:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5640:
5638:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5579:
5577:
5573:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5532:
5530:
5528:
5522:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5471:
5470:
5467:
5466:
5464:
5462:
5458:
5452:
5449:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5436:
5435:
5432:
5428:
5425:
5424:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5412:Demultiplexer
5410:
5408:
5405:
5404:
5402:
5400:
5396:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5358:
5356:
5354:
5350:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5333:Memory buffer
5331:
5329:
5328:Register file
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5310:
5308:
5306:
5302:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5285:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5268:Combinational
5266:
5265:
5263:
5261:
5257:
5251:
5248:
5244:
5241:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5203:
5200:
5197:
5194:
5191:
5188:
5187:
5185:
5183:
5177:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5120:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5110:
5108:
5104:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5079:
5077:
5073:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4986:
4984:
4982:
4978:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4952:
4949:
4946:
4943:
4940:
4937:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4909:
4907:
4905:
4899:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4881:
4878:
4875:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4863:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4817:
4810:
4807:
4804:
4801:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4741:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4721:
4717:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4700:
4697:
4694:
4691:
4688:
4685:
4682:
4679:
4676:
4673:
4668:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4649:
4643:
4631:
4628:
4627:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4595:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4581:
4577:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4545:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4531:
4527:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4504:
4501:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4487:
4484:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4449:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4429:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4406:
4402:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4375:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4368:Scoreboarding
4366:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4357:
4351:
4350:False sharing
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4328:
4324:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4300:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4287:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4261:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4143:Stanford MIPS
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4107:
4099:
4096:
4095:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4057:
4054:
4053:
4052:
4049:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4004:architectures
3999:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3972:Heterogeneous
3970:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3957:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3924:
3923:Memory access
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3874:
3870:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3856:Random-access
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3843:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3836:Stack machine
3834:
3832:
3829:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3785:
3782:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3752:with datapath
3750:
3749:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3715:
3710:
3708:
3703:
3701:
3696:
3695:
3692:
3676:
3675:AMD PowerTune
3673:
3671:
3670:AMD PowerPlay
3668:
3667:
3665:
3661:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3640:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3618:
3617:AMD PowerNow!
3615:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3602:
3599:
3595:
3589:
3588:Underclocking
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3559:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3527:
3522:
3520:
3515:
3513:
3508:
3507:
3504:
3491:
3487:
3484:
3480:
3477:
3473:
3470:
3466:
3463:
3459:
3456:
3452:
3449:
3445:
3442:
3438:
3435:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3417:
3413:
3410:
3406:
3403:
3399:
3396:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3378:
3374:
3371:
3367:
3364:
3360:
3355:
3351:
3348:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3317:
3313:
3310:
3306:
3303:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3283:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3269:
3265:
3262:
3258:
3255:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3241:
3237:
3230:
3226:
3223:
3219:
3216:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3196:
3192:
3189:
3185:
3182:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3160:
3156:
3153:
3149:
3146:
3142:
3139:
3135:
3132:
3128:
3125:
3121:
3118:
3114:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3100:
3097:
3093:
3090:
3086:
3083:
3079:
3076:
3072:
3069:
3065:
3062:
3058:
3055:
3054:BootX (Linux)
3051:
3048:
3047:BootX (Apple)
3044:
3041:
3037:
3034:
3030:
3027:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3009:
3005:
3002:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2982:
2978:
2975:
2971:
2968:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2946:
2942:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2928:
2925:
2921:
2918:
2914:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2900:
2897:
2893:
2890:
2886:
2881:
2877:
2874:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2860:
2856:
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2785:Open Firmware
2782:
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2209:
2203:
2195:
2191:
2190:"D0ix States"
2185:
2177:
2173:
2166:
2158:
2154:
2153:"S0ix States"
2148:
2133:
2129:
2122:
2107:
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2096:
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2079:
2073:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2039:
2032:
2028:
2023:
2017:
2012:
2010:
1998:September 20,
1993:
1989:
1983:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1938:
1931:
1924:
1909:
1905:
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1574:
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1546:
1531:
1527:
1521:
1515:
1510:
1503:
1502:ACPI in Linux
1498:
1492:
1487:
1485:
1466:
1459:
1444:. August 2022
1443:
1436:
1430:
1428:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1386:September 18,
1382:
1378:
1372:
1361:September 18,
1357:
1353:
1347:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1310:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1290:www.acpi.info
1284:
1278:
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797:
794:
791:
787:
784:
779:
775:
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772:
768:
765:
764:
763:
761:
757:
750:Device states
747:
745:
735:
731:
729:
726:
723:
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718:
716:
712:
709:
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589:
586:
583:
580:
579:
574:
569:Global states
561:
552:
549:
547:
543:
539:
533:
530:
528:
524:
520:
519:Windows Vista
516:
512:
508:
504:
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210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
181:Plug and Play
178:
174:
170:
166:
165:open standard
162:
158:
149:
141:
137:
133:
130:
126:
120:
117:
115:
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110:
107:
106:
104:
100:
97:
94:
90:
83:
80:
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73:
72:
70:
66:
60:
56:
53:December 1996
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
24:
19:
5622:Chip carrier
5560:Clock gating
5544:
5479:Mixed-signal
5376:Write buffer
5353:Control unit
5165:Clock signal
4904:accelerators
4886:Cypress PSoC
4543:Simultaneous
4360:Out-of-order
3992:Neuromorphic
3873:Architecture
3831:Belt machine
3824:Zeno machine
3757:Hierarchical
3633:VIA LongHaul
3604:Power Saving
3583:Overclocking
3578:Clock gating
3387:ROM variants
3331:Network boot
3309:Raspberry Pi
3075:systemd-boot
2791:
2549:. Retrieved
2538:
2514:
2504:November 10,
2502:. Retrieved
2496:
2486:
2477:
2468:
2459:
2437:
2428:
2419:
2410:
2398:. Retrieved
2394:the original
2389:
2380:
2361:
2355:
2343:. Retrieved
2336:the original
2319:
2308:
2296:. Retrieved
2289:the original
2284:
2272:
2260:. Retrieved
2246:
2240:. p. 2.
2227:
2215:. Retrieved
2202:
2193:
2184:
2175:
2165:
2156:
2147:
2135:. Retrieved
2131:
2121:
2109:. Retrieved
2095:
2086:
2044:
2038:
2030:
2022:
1996:. Retrieved
1982:
1970:. Retrieved
1953:
1941:. Retrieved
1923:
1911:. Retrieved
1907:
1898:
1886:. Retrieved
1882:
1873:
1861:. Retrieved
1857:
1848:
1836:. Retrieved
1827:
1819:the original
1814:
1805:
1794:
1769:
1761:
1749:. Retrieved
1745:the original
1735:
1723:. Retrieved
1710:
1698:. Retrieved
1693:
1681:
1671:November 17,
1669:. Retrieved
1662:the original
1657:
1625:
1614:the original
1600:
1588:. Retrieved
1582:
1573:
1561:. Retrieved
1556:Der Standard
1554:
1545:
1535:September 6,
1533:. Retrieved
1530:arcanoae.com
1529:
1520:
1509:
1497:
1473:February 18,
1471:. Retrieved
1458:
1446:. Retrieved
1441:
1414:. Retrieved
1410:the original
1405:
1396:
1384:. Retrieved
1380:
1371:
1359:. Retrieved
1355:
1346:
1334:. Retrieved
1327:the original
1309:
1294:the original
1289:
1277:
1206:Linux kernel
1199:
1176:
1161:
1152:
1130:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1050:
1042:
1030:
1022:
1006:
1002:
996:
992:
986:
982:
976:
972:processors.
958:Cool'n'Quiet
943:
938:
934:
928:
917:
913:
909:
897:
887:
883:
877:
873:
867:
855:
851:
845:
838:
834:
832:
819:
815:
809:
803:
799:
795:
789:
785:
777:
770:
766:
759:
755:
753:
743:
741:
713:
691:is saved to
684:
678:
663:
657:
653:
629:
590:Description
572:
564:Power states
558:
550:
538:Windows 2000
534:
531:
513:versions of
460:Microsoft's
459:
426:
419:
411:USB 3.0
408:
394:interfaces,
389:
374:
363:
337:
333:
331:
305:
295:
292:Architecture
260:
251:
229:
204:
200:
185:hot swapping
160:
156:
155:
68:Organization
34:Abbreviation
18:
5407:Multiplexer
5371:Data buffer
5082:Single-core
5054:bit slicing
4912:Coprocessor
4767:Coprocessor
4648:performance
4570:Cooperative
4560:Speculative
4520:Distributed
4479:Superscalar
4464:Instruction
4432:Parallelism
4405:Speculative
4237:System/3x0
4109:Instruction
3886:Von Neumann
3799:Post–Turing
3642:Performance
3441:ROM hacking
3377:Wake-on-LAN
3040:BootManager
2992:Bootloaders
2551:January 13,
2460:How-To Geek
2400:November 8,
2262:October 20,
2217:October 26,
2111:October 20,
1913:December 3,
1888:December 3,
1863:December 3,
1751:January 27,
1725:January 27,
1590:November 6,
1563:November 6,
1416:January 25,
1261:"Why ACPI?"
1244:Wake-on-LAN
1195:declarative
1191:open-source
916:states and
689:main memory
680:Hibernation
642:Dirty cache
475:eComStation
396:PCI Express
342:open-source
321:interpreter
298:main memory
191:(APM), the
102:Predecessor
78:(1996-2013)
63:August 2022
5637:Categories
5527:management
5422:Multiplier
5283:Logic gate
5273:Sequential
5180:Functional
5160:Clock rate
5133:Data cache
5106:Components
5087:Multi-core
5075:Core count
4565:Preemptive
4469:Pipelining
4452:Bit-serial
4395:Wide-issue
4340:Structural
4262:Tilera ISA
4228:MicroBlaze
4198:ETRAX CRIS
4093:Comparison
3938:Load–store
3918:Endianness
3561:Techniques
3476:Instant-on
3462:Devicetree
3302:Bus Pirate
3206:Partitions
2974:Das U-Boot
2859:Award BIOS
2776:Video BIOS
2754:Interfaces
2596:VirtualBox
2345:October 5,
2298:August 19,
1943:August 21,
1838:August 24,
1815:winmag.com
1448:October 4,
1299:slide show
1269:References
1155:March 2024
1132:neutrality
1014:Interfaces
1005:less than
995:less than
985:less than
966:PowerSaver
878:Stop-Clock
864:AMD Athlon
697:hard drive
695:such as a
542:Windows XP
462:Windows 98
381:Bill Gates
286:UEFI Forum
195:, and the
82:UEFI Forum
5461:Circuitry
5381:Microcode
5305:Registers
5148:coherence
5123:CPU cache
4981:Word size
4646:Processor
4290:Execution
4193:DEC Alpha
4171:Power ISA
3987:Cognitive
3794:Universal
3613:(desktop)
3540:Standards
3448:ROM image
3239:Utilities
3096:OpeniBoot
2938:Kickstart
2931:LinuxBoot
2924:Libreboot
2889:InsydeH2O
2880:AMI Aptio
2820:AlphaBIOS
2653:Processes
2600:TianoCore
2498:TechRadar
2366:CiteSeerX
2285:ACPI.info
2256:AnandTech
2212:AnandTech
2137:March 20,
2106:AnandTech
2072:cite book
2064:773210086
2027:ACPI BIOS
1658:acpi.info
1639:Microsoft
1143:talk page
1112:Criticism
1079:Superfish
954:PowerNow!
946:SpeedStep
860:Pentium 4
707:Soft Off
612:Sleeping
523:Windows 8
448:computer.
417:support.
377:Microsoft
308:(AML), a
266:Microsoft
45:Published
5399:Datapath
5092:Manycore
5064:variable
4902:Hardware
4538:Temporal
4218:OpenRISC
3913:Cellular
3903:Dataflow
3896:modified
3663:Graphics
3619:(laptop)
3490:EDL mode
3469:Fastboot
3434:Boot ROM
3294:Hardware
3282:Heimdall
3268:UEFITool
3254:flashrom
3246:Software
3124:SYSLINUX
3061:GNU GRUB
2917:Coreboot
2910:OpenBIOS
2714:firmware
2712:Booting
2642:Firmware
2594:used by
2588:Archived
2420:ArchWiki
1937:Archived
1694:uefi.org
1584:Golem.de
1406:acpi.org
1223:Coreboot
1212:See also
1180:founder
1136:disputed
1087:rootkits
1047:Firmware
1019:Hardware
771:Fully On
715:Shutdown
598:Working
507:GNU Hurd
302:bytecode
240:firmware
163:) is an
134:firmware
5575:Related
5506:Quantum
5496:Digital
5491:Boolean
5389:Counter
5288:Quantum
5049:512-bit
5044:256-bit
5039:128-bit
4882:(MPSoC)
4867:on chip
4865:Systems
4683:(FLOPS)
4496:Process
4345:Control
4327:Hazards
4213:Itanium
4208:Unicore
4166:PowerPC
3891:Harvard
3851:Pointer
3846:Counter
3804:Quantum
3426:Related
3363:NetBoot
3103:RedBoot
3082:loadlin
3033:Barebox
2873:AMIBIOS
2852:SeaBIOS
2691:Android
2661:Windows
2646:booting
2438:GitBook
1972:July 2,
1700:May 24,
1647:Toshiba
1336:July 2,
1301:in PDF)
1083:Samsung
1035:-based
1028:(OEM).
920:states.
918:package
906:Haswell
804:D3 Cold
654:Standby
515:Solaris
499:OpenVMS
491:OpenBSD
483:FreeBSD
467:Windows
360:History
354:FreeBSD
282:Phoenix
270:Toshiba
236:methods
219:), the
139:Website
5511:Switch
5501:Analog
5239:(IMC)
5210:(MMU)
5059:others
5034:64-bit
5029:48-bit
5024:32-bit
5019:24-bit
5014:16-bit
5009:15-bit
5004:12-bit
4841:Mobile
4757:Stream
4752:Barrel
4747:Vector
4736:(GPU)
4695:(SUPS)
4663:(IPC)
4515:Memory
4508:Vector
4491:Thread
4474:Scalar
4276:Others
4223:RISC-V
4188:SuperH
4157:Power
4153:MIPS-X
4128:PDP-11
3977:Fabric
3729:Models
3416:EEPROM
3316:ft2232
3229:/boot/
3145:Yaboot
3110:rEFInd
2606:ACPICA
2416:"DSDT"
2368:
2176:01.org
2062:
2052:
1782:
1504:, 2005
1240:(SBSA)
1178:Ubuntu
1093:Tables
1075:Lenovo
1007:P(n–1)
800:D3 Hot
744:Legacy
544:, and
525:, the
487:NetBSD
479:ArcaOS
415:x2APIC
370:64-bit
366:32-bit
350:ArcaOS
338:ACPICA
278:Huawei
128:Domain
42:Status
5567:(PPW)
5525:Power
5417:Adder
5293:Array
5260:Logic
5221:(TLB)
5204:(FPU)
5198:(AGU)
5192:(ALU)
5182:units
5118:Cache
4999:8-bit
4994:4-bit
4989:1-bit
4953:(TPU)
4947:(DSP)
4941:(PPU)
4935:(VPU)
4924:(GPU)
4893:(NoC)
4876:(SoC)
4811:(PoP)
4805:(SiP)
4799:(MCM)
4740:GPGPU
4730:(CPU)
4720:Types
4701:(PPW)
4689:(TPS)
4677:(IPS)
4669:(CPI)
4440:Level
4251:S/390
4246:S/370
4241:S/360
4183:SPARC
4161:POWER
4044:TRIPS
4012:Types
3409:EPROM
3261:fwupd
3117:rEFIt
3089:NTLDR
3068:iBoot
2722:Types
2684:Linux
2364:: 3.
2339:(PDF)
2332:(PDF)
2292:(PDF)
2281:(PDF)
1963:(PPT)
1933:(PPT)
1719:(PDF)
1690:(PDF)
1665:(PDF)
1654:(PDF)
1617:(PDF)
1610:(PDF)
1468:(PDF)
1438:(PDF)
1330:(RTF)
1286:(PDF)
1033:Intel
950:Intel
902:Intel
888:Sleep
662:, or
659:Sleep
615:S0ix
584:Name
503:Linux
495:HP-UX
471:macOS
398:bus,
385:Linux
346:Haiku
262:Intel
167:that
148:/acpi
74:ACPI
5643:BIOS
5545:ACPI
5278:Glue
5170:FIFO
5113:Core
4851:ASIP
4792:CPLD
4787:FPOA
4782:FPGA
4777:ASIC
4630:SPMD
4625:MIMD
4620:MISD
4613:SWAR
4593:SIMD
4588:SISD
4503:Data
4486:Task
4457:Word
4203:M32R
4148:MIPS
4111:sets
4078:ZISC
4073:NISC
4068:OISC
4063:MISC
4056:EPIC
4051:VLIW
4039:EDGE
4029:RISC
4024:CISC
3933:HUMA
3928:NUMA
3402:PROM
3354:iPXE
3347:gPXE
3275:Odin
3159:MILO
3138:xOSL
2981:ARCS
2792:ACPI
2769:BIOS
2762:UEFI
2644:and
2553:2010
2506:2022
2402:2020
2347:2014
2300:2015
2264:2013
2219:2020
2139:2020
2113:2013
2078:link
2060:OCLC
2050:ISBN
2000:2019
1974:2010
1945:2011
1915:2020
1890:2020
1865:2020
1840:2020
1780:ISBN
1753:2014
1727:2014
1702:2015
1673:2013
1592:2022
1565:2022
1537:2020
1475:2019
1450:2022
1418:2016
1388:2020
1363:2020
1338:2010
1129:The
1104:SLIP
1098:PHAT
1061:UEFI
1057:BIOS
914:core
862:and
856:Halt
816:Cold
788:and
778:D0ix
509:and
392:SATA
379:CEO
352:and
332:The
280:and
268:and
248:BIOS
244:UEFI
217:UEFI
213:BIOS
205:OSPM
183:and
161:ACPI
146:.org
144:uefi
96:UEFI
37:ACPI
5540:APM
5535:PMU
5427:CPU
5384:ROM
5155:Bus
4772:PAL
4447:Bit
4233:LMC
4138:ARM
4133:x86
4123:VAX
3395:ROM
2834:SFI
2827:SRM
2806:APM
1187:NSA
1059:or
1037:PCs
970:VIA
968:in
962:AMD
960:in
956:or
948:in
910:C10
904:'s
868:C1E
820:Off
818:or
810:Hot
769:or
724:G3
710:S5
704:G2
683:or
675:S4
668:RAM
649:S3
637:S2
626:S1
609:G1
601:S0
595:G0
587:Sx
581:Gx
304:of
246:or
76:SIG
61:6.5
5639::
5474:3D
2675:NT
2668:9x
2526:^
2495:.
2476:.
2458:.
2446:^
2436:.
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