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and, unlike the hornbook, entertainment was provided as well as instruction in the form of illustrations. They first appeared in the 1750s and were produced until the middle of the nineteenth century. The battledore was a more complex type of horn book printed on thick paper folded in three parts containing enlarged text with word to object illustrations for each of the capital letters bordering the four sides. The letter-word associations provide insight into eighteenth century religious and sociocultural priorities.
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464:'s fall, we sinned all' remained consistent throughout the numerous published texts; however, rhymes were occasionally edited for religious or political purposes, as demonstrated by the 1729 edition of the New England Primer. The passage, 'our KING the good, No man of blood' illustrated the letter K Due to the conflict with the English monarchy, The K couplet was altered and appeared in the revised 1777 edition as 'Proud
40:
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syllables along with selected excerpts from the Bible. From tablet to booklet, the ABC format served as the most common framework for additional reading materials. The first church primers paralleled the introduction of school textbooks known as "the ABC". Both colonial primers and ABC spellers employed the alphabet as an organizational feature for literacy instruction and spiritual study.
214:
362:
The battledore was an instrument like a small racket, used for playing badminton. The term was applied to the wooden or cardboard tablets, which gradually replaced the hornbook as a device for teaching children to read. The wording printed on them varied greatly, but usually featured an alphabet,
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and humor to hold a reader's interest. Electronic alphabet books are now on the market, with various animations and audio features. However, some educators have criticised alphabet books for focusing on teaching the names of the letters, which often sound different from the sounds they produce, as
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continued to influence educational practice even beyond the revolutionary period. Of parallel longevity, the battledore continued to be published well into the 18th century. Believed to be the inventor of battledores in 1746, Benjamin
Collins actually printed 100,000 copies between 1771 and 1780
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Originally imported from
England, children's reading textbooks aligned with the educational emphasis on the alphabet. While students were first trained to recite the alphabet, moralistic readings were framed around the letters of the alphabet. During the American colonial period the more secular
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Experienced with both hornbooks and battledores, children graduated on to the modern concept of a small book, multiple paper pages covered with a thick, protective layer. Early reading booklets or religious primers contained both the alphabet and increasingly complicated lists of alphabetized
452:
contained rhyming couplets for each letter of the alphabet. These patterned rhymes were often supported by gloomy woodcut illustrations. The content of these paired lines varied from overwhelmingly religious to somewhat secular depending upon the particular version of the New
England Primer.
483:, the couplets were followed by alphabetized Biblical sentences; the "Alphabet of Lessons for Youth" was designed for further reading practice and lifelong moral instruction. Both the 1777 and 1843 editions of the Primer maintained the same sentence excerpts from the
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As referenced in this verse, it was an expectation of the period that "babes" began as readers with knowledge of the alphabet. Armed with the letters of the alphabet from the hornbook, children encountered other early forms of reading materials.
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described a typical hornbook with a line separating the lower case and capital letters from the syllabary. This syllabarium or syllabary, likely added to the hornbook in 1596, taught pronunciations of vowel and consonant combinations.
468:'s troop, was swallowed up.' Similarly, in the same 1777 version, 'The dog will bite, a thief at night' was replaced by a Biblical reference. 'The deluge drowned the earth around' was inserted for 'the watchful dog'. Referring to
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illustrated the lower case alphabet letters with a for Apple; j, k, q, and x for Judge, King, Queen and Xerxes; m for Mouse and z for Zany jester. In fact, some battledores' upper and lower borders contained this rhyme:
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438:"ABC" spellers quickly fell out of favor in comparison with the more religious primers; nevertheless, the alphabet remained the most systematic means of ordering the written contents of schoolbooks.
476:'s beauteous wife made David seek his life' was censored by omitting U and skipping to V. The alphabet letters were used to teach the moral code aspired by society and religion.
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Exemplifying the move away from strictly religious texts to more moral works, an outstanding example of the next generation of readers was the 1742 version of
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521:. Sensitive to a youthful audience, the anonymous author introduced the alphabet with a lettered story about an appetizing apple pie.
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There is evidence of a gradual shift to more secular topics for general reading instruction from predominantly religious material.
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in word families. From the first hornbook, the alphabet format cemented the learning progression from syllables to words.
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1022:(Osborne Collection of Early Children's Books, 1566-1910: a Catalogue, Toronto, Toronto Public Library, 1975, p. 109)
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or paper pasted on a wooden board and protected by a leaf of horn. Hornbooks displayed letters of the alphabet, a
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Smith, N. B. (2002). American reading instruction. Newark, DE: International
Reading Association. p. 21-2
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These syllables are possible ancestors to the modern instructional practice of new readers working with
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to aid language learning. Alphabet books are published in several languages, and some distinguish the
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Smith, N. B. (2002). American reading instruction. Newark, DE: International
Reading Association. p. 7
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The child's alphabet book is considered one of the oldest literary genres of
American literature.
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Tuer, A. W. (1896). A history of the horn-book, vols. 1 & 2. London: Leadenhall Press.
59:. Intended for young children, alphabet books commonly use pictures, simple language and
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Monaghan, E. J. (2005). Learning to read and write in colonial
America. Amherst, MA:
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A Wise son maketh a glad father, but a foolish son is the heaviness of his mother.
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Some alphabet books are intended for older audiences, using the simplicity of the
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An example of the reliance on the alphabet for reading instruction is found in
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90:. As elementary educational tools, Alphabet books provide opportunities for:
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235:(1538). The first alphabet book to be accompanied by pictures is John Hart's
247:, these books were closely associated with and occasionally overlapped with
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KEEP thy heart with all diligence, for out of it are the issues of life.
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487:. The following are a few examples highlighting letters A, D, K and U:
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Alphabet books introduce the sounds and letters of an ordered
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725:- American alphabet book depicting the deaths of 26 children.
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Children's book designed to teach the letters of the alphabet
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849:. The Oxford Library of Practical Theology (3rd ed.).
681:- Swedish alphabet book with runes, first published in 1611
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A Book for Boys and Girls, or
Country Rhymes for Children.
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A Book for Boys and Girls, or
Country Rhymes for Children.
30:"Alphabet books" redirects here. For Alphabet series, see
94:
Developing conversations and proficiency in oral language
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DO not the abominable thing which I hate saith the Lord.
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A Methode; or, Comfortable
Beginning for All Unlearned
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624:, which was also to go through many later editions.
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UPON the wicked, God shall rain an horrible tempest.
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Making text connections (Activating prior knowledge)
653:interfering with the process of learning to read.
605:& I wish I had a Piece of it now in my Hand.
335:Who at their hornbook stick, and time hath spent,
231:The oldest alphabet book known is Thomas Petyt's
197:A page from an alphabet book, showing the letter
1674:
144:Performing Dialogue (Plays and Readers' Theater)
141:Visualizing setting (Time, place and atmosphere)
329:All needs must there begin, that would be wise,
78:as a device to convey humor or other concepts.
1060:University of Washington collection of primers
609:Later versions of the rhyme, now known as the
391:Z Zeal (kneeling figure with open prayer book)
1080:
810:The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
632:Alphabet books can make use of alliteration,
999:"The New England Primer - Island of Sanity"
1087:
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841:Pullan, Leighton (1901). Newbolt, W.C.E;
613:, became more elaborate and diversified.
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320:My Pen to teach them what the Letters be,
317:To those who are in years but Babes I bow
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847:The History of the Book of Common Prayer
367:A is represented by an image of an Angel
326:Nor let my pretty Children them despise.
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332:Nor let them fall under Discouragement,
323:And how they may improve their A. B. C.
233:The BAC Bothe in Latyn and in Englysshe
135:Identifying elements of story structure
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974:"The New England Primer, 1777 edition"
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853:: Longmans, Green, and Co. p. 75.
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411:But he that learns these Letters fair,
43:A French alphabet book printed in 1861
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513:Versions of The Child’s New Plaything
771:10.1093/acref/9780195146561.001.0001
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269:, a form of ABC book, was common by
239:(1570). In Britain during the early
905:, 1686, London, Printed for N. P. .
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743:What is an alphabet book at sil.org
414:Shall have a Coach to take the Air.
338:Upon that A. B. C., while others do
273:'s day. It consisted of a piece of
257:, the first book printed in Welsh.
24:
962:New England Primer 1777 ed. online
157:through writing, music, art, Dance
150:Retelling for comprehension checks
32:Sue Grafton § Alphabet series
25:
1709:
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1033:University of Massachusetts Press
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251:. One such instance was the 1546
169:(Alphabet book, 1574), the first
129:Inferencing / drawing conclusions
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916:"Indiana University-battledores"
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281:and prayers for novice readers.
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504:Clearly, the immensely popular
55:giving basic instruction in an
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865:"Indiana University-hornbooks"
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620:contained the alphabet story,
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183:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
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1:
759:"ABC Books or Alphabet Books"
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408:For ever will a Blockhead be.
405:He that ne'er learns his ABC,
290:ab eb ib ob ub ba be bi bo bu
1560:Conservation and restoration
709:Alliterative animal alphabet
671:Children's literature portal
376:M Mitre (religious headwear)
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341:Into their primer or their
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693:- Macedonian alphabet book
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808:, eds. (1997). "Primer".
745:accessed 9 September 2007
618:The Child’s New Plaything
519:The Child’s New Plaything
446:Dating back to 1683, the
138:Recognizing point of view
1218:Collection (publishing)
1142:Illuminated manuscripts
818:Oxford University Press
687:- Finnish alphabet book
99:alphabet path of motion
723:The Gashlycrumb Tinies
472:, the original U for '
442:The New England Primer
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185:. This page features
155:Multiple Intelligences
120:Predicting (Text talk)
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1587:Intellectual property
1213:Volume (bibliography)
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243:through the reign of
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173:textbook. Printed by
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147:Rereading for fluency
71:in a given alphabet.
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1045:www.library.sfsu.edu
978:www.sacred-texts.com
871:on 18 September 2012
423:Primers and spellers
1693:Works about reading
249:primer prayer books
241:English Reformation
1698:Language textbooks
1624:World Book Capital
922:on 14 January 2012
506:New England Primer
481:New England Primer
449:New England Primer
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217:The first page of
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69:lower case letters
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1502:Coffee table book
1333:Bookworm (insect)
806:Livingstone, E.A.
780:978-0-19-514656-1
697:Primer (textbook)
562:M mourn’d for’t.
429:Primer (textbook)
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51:is a type of
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1607:Preservation
1523:Book burning
1518:Banned books
1271:Bibliophilia
1256:Bibliography
1186:advance copy
1169:instant book
1137:Illustration
1120:dust jackets
1040:
1027:
1018:
1006:. Retrieved
1002:
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981:. Retrieved
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924:. Retrieved
920:the original
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873:. Retrieved
869:the original
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784:. Retrieved
762:
738:
718:Basal reader
634:onomatopoeia
631:
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604:
598:Y you'd it.
592:W what'd it.
589:V view’d it.
586:U use'd it.
583:T turn’d it.
577:R run for’t.
568:O open’d it.
526:A Apple-Pye.
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165:A page from
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1540:Book curses
1416:Netherlands
1286:Bookselling
1261:Bibliomania
1244:Bestsellers
1232:Consumption
1223:Book series
1208:Typesetting
802:Cross, F.L.
636:, creative
601:Z zone it.
550:I it'd it.
358:Battledores
307:John Bunyan
283:Andrew Tuer
271:Shakespeare
245:Elizabeth I
171:East Slavic
104:Increasing
1677:Categories
1485:audiobooks
1384:By country
1337:Furniture
1328:Digitizing
1323:Collecting
1313:Censorship
1296:book towns
1181:Publishing
1164:incunabula
1103:Production
730:References
556:K kept it.
470:mortal sin
132:Sequencing
125:vocabulary
97:Providing
1555:Book tour
1528:incidents
1460:miniature
1455:fictional
1341:bookcases
1281:Bookmarks
1196:paperback
1191:hardcover
1035:. p. 315)
713:Dr. Seuss
646:illusions
638:narrative
547:H had it.
544:G got it.
538:E eat it.
532:C cut it.
529:B bit it.
279:syllabary
275:parchment
261:Hornbooks
203:armadillo
181:, in the
153:Engaging
123:Building
111:Teaching
108:awareness
1652:Category
1565:Dog ears
1481:Formats
1477:Grimoire
1470:textbook
1421:Pakistan
1368:literacy
1346:bookends
1265:tsundoku
1149:Printing
845:(eds.).
765:. 2006.
702:Hornbook
691:Abecedar
685:Abckiria
679:Runa ABC
657:See also
267:hornbook
227:in 1543.
220:Abckiria
187:Cyrillic
106:phonemic
88:alphabet
82:Purposes
65:capitals
57:alphabet
18:ABC book
1642:Outline
1602:Outline
1511:Related
1451:Genres
1401:Germany
1375:Reviews
1363:Reading
1353:Library
1301:history
1159:history
1154:edition
1132:Editing
1110:Binding
1008:10 July
983:10 July
926:24 July
875:24 July
786:10 July
628:Present
479:In the
395:Tuer's
379:Q Queen
370:J Judge
343:Psalter
209:History
201:and an
113:phonics
101:lessons
1662:Portal
1575:scroll
1490:Ebooks
1465:pop-up
1396:France
1391:Brazil
1291:blurbs
1239:Awards
1127:Design
1115:Covers
851:London
824:
814:London
777:
642:poetry
458:Primer
387:Xerxes
382:T Turk
373:K King
296:onsets
167:Azbuka
1597:Novel
1580:codex
1495:Folio
1445:Other
1426:Spain
1411:Japan
1406:Italy
1318:Clubs
1096:Books
485:Bible
474:Uriah
466:Korah
300:rimes
76:genre
1592:ISBN
1533:Nazi
1306:used
1249:list
1203:Size
1010:2018
985:2018
928:2012
877:2012
822:ISBN
788:2018
775:ISBN
462:Adam
309:'s,
298:and
265:The
179:Lviv
67:and
767:doi
345:go.
177:in
47:An
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1263:(
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199:a
189:.
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20:)
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