248:
102:
209:
March 1, 1946. At that time the FCC moved television channel 2 down to 54–60 MHz and reallocated channel 1 down to 44–50 MHz opening a gap that would become the
Amateur radio 6-meter band in the United States. FCC Order 130-C went into effect at 3 am Eastern Standard Time on March 1, 1946, and created the 6-meter band allocation for the amateur service as 50–54 MHz. Emission types A1, A2, A3 and A4 were allowed for the entire band and special emission for
132:
273:
421:
358:
31:
397:, access is granted to entry-level license holders. Those without access to international HF frequencies often gain their first experience with truly long-distance communications on the 6 meter band. Many of these operators develop a real affection for the challenge of the band, and often continue to devote much time to it, even when they gain access to the HF frequencies after upgrading their licenses.
264:
countries allow amateur use of at least some of the 6 meter band. Over the years portions have been vacated by VHF television broadcasting channels for one reason or another. In
November 2015 the ITU World Radio Conference (WRC-15) agreed that for their next conference in 2019, Agenda Item 1.1 would study a future allocation of 50–54 MHz to amateur radio in Region 1.
651:'s (FCC) Part 97.215 rules regulate certain telecommand of model craft in the amateur service within the United States. It allows an unidentified maximum radiated RF power output of one watt for RC model operations of any type. IF higher power is used, then all applicable sections of Part 97 must be followed.
639:
activities by amateur radio operators was undertaken in North
America, starting in the early 1980s, and more-or-less completed by 1991. It is still completely legal for ground-level RC model operation (cars, boats, etc.) to be accomplished on any frequency within the band, above 50.1 MHz, by any
199:
was given priority in a portion of the 5- and 6-meter band in Europe. Television and low power stations, meaning those with less than 1 kW power, were allocated 56–58.5 MHz and amateurs, experimenters and low power stations were allocated 58.5–60 MHz in the
European region.
85:
contacts spanning up to 2,500 kilometres (1,600 mi) for single-hop propagation. Multiple-hop sporadic E propagation allows intercontinental communications at distances of up to 10,000 kilometres (6,200 mi). In the southern hemisphere, sporadic E propagation is most common from
November
630:
of models, by licensed amateurs using amateur frequencies. The sub-band reserved for this use is 50.79–50.99 MHz with ten "specified" frequencies, numbered "00" through "09", spaced at 20 kHz apart from 50.800–50.980 MHz. The upper end of the band, starting at 53.0 MHz, and going
303:
did not allocate 6 meter frequencies to amateurs in Europe. However the decline of VHF television broadcasts and commercial pressure on the lower VHF spectrum enabled most
European countries to provide a 6 meter amateur allocation. Eventually in 2015, following a proposal by IARU to CEPT,
208:
was moved to 50–56 MHz maintaining a gap for the 5-meter amateur band. When the US entered World War II, transmissions by amateur radio stations were suspended for the duration of the war. After the war, the 5-meter band was briefly reopened to amateurs from 56–60 MHz until
69:
increases ionization levels in the upper atmosphere. Worldwide 6 meter propagation occurred during the sunspot maximum of 2005, making 6 meter communications as good as or, in some cases and locations, better than HF frequencies. The prevalence of HF characteristics on this VHF band has inspired
263:
The Radio
Regulations of the International Telecommunication Union allow amateur radio operations in the frequency range from 50.000–54.000 MHz in ITU Regions 2 and 3. At ITU level, Region 1 is allocated to broadcasting. However, in practice a large number of ITU Region 1
385:
transceivers. There are also a number of stand-alone 6 meter band transceivers, although commercial production of these has been relatively rare in recent years. Despite support in more available radios, however, the 6 meter band does not share the popularity of amateur radio's
176:
On
October 10, 1924, the 5-meter band (56–64 MHz) was first made available to amateurs in the United States by the Third National Radio Conference. On October 4, 1927, the band was allocated on a worldwide basis by the International Radiotelegraph Conference in
658:'s RBR-4, Standards for the Operation of Radio Stations in the Amateur Radio Service, limits radio control of craft, for those models intended for use on any amateur radio-allocated frequency, to amateur service frequencies above 30 MHz.
203:
Starting in 1938, the FCC created 6 MHz wide television channel allocations working around the 5-meter amateur band with channel 2 occupying 50–56 MHz. In 1940, television channel 2 was reallocated to 60 MHz and
318:
Many organizations promote regular competitions in this frequency range to promote its use and to familiarize operators to its quirks. For example, RSGB VHF Contest
Committee has a large number of contests on 6 meters every year.
390:. This is due, in large part, to the larger size of 6 meter antennas, power limitations in some countries outside the United States, and the 6 meter band's greater susceptibility to local electrical interference.
315:(RSGB) website. this has 50.0-50.5 MHz for narrowband DX modes and propagation beacons, whilst wider bandwidth FM, repeaters and Digital modes can be used in 50.5-52 MHz, including experimental Digital-ATV.
311:, has an allocation in the 6 meter band between 50 and 52 MHz, split as 50–51 MHz amateur primary, and the rest is secondary, with a lower power limit. A detailed bandplan can be obtained from the
322:
Because of its peculiarity, there are a number of 6 meter band operator groups. These people monitor the status of the band between different paths and promote 6 meter band operations.
304:
the ITU adopted Agenda Item AI-1.1, which four years later led to a formal ITU Region-1 allocation at WRC-19 of 50-52 MHz, with some non-European countries allocating up to 50-54MHz.
292:. Further, in a few nations, the frequency range is still used for television transmissions, although most countries have (re)assigned those television channels to higher frequencies (see
200:
The conference maintained the 56–60 MHz allocation for other regions and allowed administrations in Europe latitude to allow amateurs to continue using 56–58.5 MHz.
635:
stations operating above 53 MHz in the United States, and very few 53 MHz RC units in Canada, the move to the lower end of the 6 meter spectrum for radio-controlled model
224:
2 and 3. Broadcasting was allocated from 41 to 68 MHz in ITU Region 1, but allowed exclusive amateur use of the 6-meter band (50–54 MHz) in a portion of southern Africa.
640:
licensed amateur operator in the United States; however, an indiscriminate choice of frequencies for RC operations is discouraged by the amateur radio community via its self-imposed
945:
232:
1243:
408:, sporadic-E, and multi-hop sporadic-E, and for other propagation modes where polarization does not matter as much. Vertical polarization is customarily used for local
2017:
All allocations are subject to variation by country. For simplicity, only common allocations found internationally are listed. See a band's article for specifics.
181:
56–60 MHz was allocated for amateur and experimental use. There was no change to this allocation at the 1932 International
Radiotelegraph Conference in
239:
in 1956 and eventually gained the 6 meter band from 50–52 MHz, when it was decided to terminate analogue television broadcasts on channel 2.
288:
are not universal worldwide. In the United States and Canada, the band ranges from 50-54 MHz. In some other countries, the band is restricted to
338:
978:
851:
804:
757:
1011:
884:
837:
790:
618:
In North America, especially in the United States and Canada, the 6-meter band may be used by licensed amateurs for the safe operation of
1417:
393:
As transceivers have become more available for the 6 meter band, it has quickly gained popularity. In many countries, including the
369:
tuning indicator, was affectionately known as a "Gooney Box" and was popular in the 1950s and 60s. A 2 meter version was also sold.
377:
that include the 6 meter band has increased greatly. Many commercial HF transceivers now include the 6 meter band along with
954:
626:
hobby miniatures. By general agreement among the amateur radio community, 200 kHz of the 6 meter band is reserved for the
1185:
1158:
2030:
2020:
1312:
1049:
686:
300:
631:
upwards in 100 kHz steps to 53.8 MHz, used to be similarly reserved for RC modelers, but with the rise of amateur
924:
Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47 – Telecommunication, Part 12 – Amateur Radio Service
1426:
285:
231:
remained in the 5-meter band (58.5–60 MHz) for a period of time following World War II, but lost the band to
1395:
2064:
648:
326:
1217:
1153:
1410:
345:(TVI) to neighbors' sets was a common problem for amateurs operating in this band prior to June 2009, when
456:
312:
277:
1108:
472:
205:
2087:
1190:
898:
740:
247:
2000:
1993:
1403:
483:
35:
987:
860:
813:
766:
716:
619:
217:
20:
1910:
1377:
405:
155:
2060:
342:
289:
1267:
922:
461:
101:
78:
57:
Although located in the lower portion of the VHF band, it nonetheless occasionally displays
1834:
1758:
1275:
439:
429:
424:
QSL card confirming an intercontinental contact between Argentina and Greece on 50 MHz
409:
401:
382:
210:
8:
1952:
1897:
1670:
362:
47:
1425:
1821:
1807:
1787:
1764:
1195:
1005:
878:
831:
784:
293:
77:
In the northern hemisphere, activity peaks from May through early August, when regular
1274:. RBR-4 – Standards for the Operation of Radio Stations in the Amateur Radio Service.
745:
Recommendations for Regulation of Radio Adopted by the Third National Radio Conference
1980:
1966:
1930:
1916:
1883:
1859:
1840:
1308:
346:
58:
853:
General Radiocommunication Regulations and Additional Radiocommunication Regulations
1481:
178:
2037:, but many individual administrations have commonly adopted this allocation under
1739:
1468:
655:
493:
66:
1519:
1501:
1487:
1025:
443:
433:
366:
325:
For a full list of countries using 6 meters, refer to the bandplan of the
308:
228:
62:
2081:
2008:
Some administrations have authorized spectrum for amateur use in this region;
1657:
1629:
1615:
1601:
1587:
1563:
1549:
1525:
1462:
1073:
623:
504:
394:
256:
51:
341:
to the old VHF television Channel 2 in North America (54–60 MHz),
2039:
1720:
1700:
693:
678:
478:
387:
252:
236:
196:
90:
1135:
627:
374:
272:
131:
54:
use. The term refers to the average signal wavelength of 6 meters.
1643:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1304:
1221:
1163:
489:
221:
193:
24:
357:
50:(VHF) radio spectrum (50.000-54.000 MHz) internationally allocated to
2024:
682:
641:
378:
19:"Magic Band" redirects here. For Captain Beefheart reunion band, see
365: II 6 meter AM transceiver. This vacuum tube radio with a
30:
1112:
632:
450:
420:
89:
The 6-meter band shares many characteristics with the neighboring
34:
A Yaesu FT-857D tuned to 50.125 MHz, the traditional 6-meter
373:
Beginning around the turn of the millennium, the availability of
2010:
others have declined to regulate frequencies above 300 GHz.
65:(HF) bands. This normally occurs close to sunspot maximum, when
466:
404:
is used for 6 meter weak signal, SSB communications using
182:
1087:
499:
280:
in various countries relate to the 6 meter amateur band.
189:
82:
2053:. These allocations may only apply to a group of countries.
220:, the amateur service was allocated 50–54 MHz in
1334:
188:
At the 1938 International Radiocommunication Conference in
1030:
The International Amateur Radio Club (life.itu.int) 4U1ITU
1268:"Section 5. Frequencies for Radio Control of Models"
1385:
1365:
1353:
673:
671:
986:. Atlantic City, NJ. 1947. p. 45E. Archived from
806:
General Radiocommunication and Additional Regulations
689:) and only allocated to amateurs in a few countries.
668:
1272:
Innovation, Science, and Economic Development Canada
765:. Washington, D.C. 1927. p. 41. Archived from
980:Radio Regulations and Additional Radio Regulations
1427:International amateur radio frequency allocations
2079:
337:Because the 6 meter band is just below the
213:telephony was allowed from 52.5 to 54 MHz.
947:Report of the Federal Communications Commission
1270:. Spectrum management and telecommunications.
216:At the 1947 International Radio Conference in
1411:
1713:
154:Europe's eventual adoption. You can help by
717:"Get Ready for the ARRL June VHF QSO Party"
1418:
1404:
1010:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
883:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
836:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
812:. Madrid. 1932. p. 17. Archived from
789:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
685:is not allocated internationally (via the
510:
412:communications, repeaters, radio control.
332:
93:, but it is somewhat higher in frequency.
859:. Cairo. 1938. p. 22. Archived from
419:
356:
271:
267:
246:
100:
29:
1298:
1159:Model Aeronautics Association of Canada
927:. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1947
759:International Radiotelegraph Convention
286:frequency allocations for amateur radio
38:calling frequency in the United States.
21:Captain Beefheart § The Magic Band
2080:
1244:"§97.215 – Telecommand of model craft"
1133:
2021:World Administrative Radio Conference
1399:
1301:Six Meters: A guide to the magic band
1186:"Frequency Chart for Model Operation"
301:International Telecommunication Union
148:The 1950s(?) VHF reallocation shuffle
1366:"Six Meter International Radio Klub"
1327:
741:"Frequency or wave band allocations"
126:
1346:
13:
2019:HF allocation created at the 1979
1292:
1248:eCFR – Code of Federal Regulations
14:
2099:
2045:This includes a currently active
2023:. These are commonly called the "
1322:
899:"Whatever Happened to Channel 1?"
649:Federal Communications Commission
327:International Amateur Radio Union
70:amateur operators to dub it the "
61:mechanisms characteristic of the
1800:
1792:
1752:
1744:
1354:"United Kingdom Six Metre Group"
349:transmissions ended in the U.S.
242:
233:UK analogue television channel 4
130:
1260:
1236:
1210:
1178:
1154:"MAAC Canadian Frequency Chart"
1146:
1127:
1101:
1080:
1066:
1042:
1018:
971:
2051:Table of Frequency Allocations
2035:Table of Frequency Allocations
938:
915:
891:
844:
797:
750:
747:(October 6–10, 1924), page 15.
734:
709:
620:radio-controlled (RC) aircraft
457:Earth-Moon-Earth communication
415:
339:frequencies formerly allocated
313:Radio Society of Great Britain
278:Television channel frequencies
1:
2029:This is not mentioned in the
1299:Neubeck, Ken (October 2008).
1136:"Six Meters: An Introduction"
703:
46:is the lowest portion of the
23:. For Disney wristbands, see
1191:Academy of Model Aeronautics
1134:Finley, Dave (Spring 2000).
661:
352:
145:The 5-meter band predecessor
16:Amateur radio frequency band
7:
381:, as do a few handheld VHF/
10:
2104:
1218:"Canadian Frequency Chart"
647:In the United States, the
96:
18:
2058:
2015:
2006:
1985:
1971:
1957:
1943:
1921:
1909:
1902:
1888:
1850:
1833:
1826:
1812:
1774:
1757:
1730:
1690:
1669:
1662:
1648:
1634:
1620:
1606:
1592:
1554:
1518:
1511:
1492:
1480:
1473:
1433:
255:for mobile amateur radio
251:Car-mounted 6 meter
218:Atlantic City, New Jersey
2065:Electromagnetic spectrum
1088:"RSGB Contest Committee"
406:tropospheric propagation
86:through early February.
2049:mentioned in the ITU's
1050:"The 6 meter band"
511:Radio control hobby use
402:horizontal polarization
343:television interference
333:Television interference
290:military communications
1162:. MAAC. Archived from
953:. 1946. Archived from
462:Sporadic E propagation
425:
370:
281:
260:
124:
105:ITU and IARU regions.
79:sporadic E propagation
39:
1780:(420.000–450.000 MHz)
518:6 m amateur band
423:
360:
275:
268:Frequency allocations
250:
104:
33:
1276:Government of Canada
1166:on November 27, 2016
211:frequency modulation
2088:Amateur radio bands
2047:footnote allocation
1987:241.000–250.000 GHz
1973:134.000–141.000 GHz
1959:122.250–123.000 GHz
1797:902.000–928.000 MHz
1776:430.000–440.000 MHz
1771:430.000–440.000 MHz
1749:220.000–225.000 MHz
1732:144.000–148.000 MHz
1727:144.000–146.000 MHz
1687:(50.000–54.000 MHz)
1335:"Solar ham network"
1224:on 27 November 2016
1115:on 30 December 2013
1026:"Amateur VHF Bands"
644:for 6 meters.
622:and other types of
521:
469:Borealis reflection
363:Gonset Communicator
299:For many years the
48:very high frequency
2040:"Article 4.4"
1054:IARU Region 1
515:
426:
371:
282:
276:Chart showing how
261:
125:
40:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2069:
1945:76.000–81.500 GHz
1923:47.000–47.200 GHz
1904:24.000–24.250 GHz
1890:10.000–10.500 GHz
1709:70.000–70.500 MHz
1692:50.000–54.000 MHz
1683:50.000–52.000 MHz
1664:28.000–29.700 MHz
1650:24.890–24.990 MHz
1636:21.000–21.450 MHz
1622:18.068–18.168 MHz
1608:14.000–14.350 MHz
1594:10.100–10.150 MHz
1556:5.3515–5.3665 MHz
1370:SMIRK (smirk.org)
1328:Propagation sites
1314:978-0-9705206-3-0
1074:"RSGB Band Plans"
616:
615:
442:simplex (direct,
432:simplex (direct,
347:analog television
307:For example, the
294:TV channel 1
174:
173:
2095:
2043:
1988:
1974:
1960:
1946:
1941:
1924:
1905:
1891:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1853:
1848:
1829:
1815:
1798:
1781:
1777:
1772:
1750:
1733:
1728:
1710:
1693:
1688:
1684:
1665:
1651:
1637:
1623:
1609:
1595:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1557:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1514:
1509:
1495:
1476:
1436:
1435:
1420:
1413:
1406:
1397:
1396:
1389:
1384:. Archived from
1373:
1361:
1347:Clubs and groups
1342:
1318:
1305:Worldradio Books
1303:(4th ed.).
1287:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1220:. Archived from
1214:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1194:. Archived from
1182:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1111:. Archived from
1105:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1009:
1001:
999:
998:
992:
985:
975:
969:
968:
966:
965:
959:
952:
942:
936:
935:
933:
932:
919:
913:
912:
910:
909:
895:
889:
888:
882:
874:
872:
871:
865:
858:
848:
842:
841:
835:
827:
825:
824:
818:
811:
801:
795:
794:
788:
780:
778:
777:
771:
764:
754:
748:
738:
732:
731:
729:
728:
713:
697:
691:For details, see
675:
522:
514:
235:. They gained a
227:Amateurs in the
179:Washington, D.C.
167:
164:
134:
127:
121:
115:
109:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2044:
2038:
2028:
2018:
2009:
1986:
1972:
1958:
1944:
1936:
1922:
1903:
1889:
1876:5.650–5.850 GHz
1875:
1871:5.650–5.925 GHz
1870:
1866:5.650–5.850 GHz
1865:
1852:3.300–3.500 GHz
1851:
1847:3.400–3.475 GHz
1846:
1828:2.300–2.450 GHz
1827:
1814:1.240–1.300 GHz
1813:
1796:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1770:
1748:
1731:
1726:
1708:
1691:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1663:
1649:
1635:
1621:
1607:
1593:
1580:7.000–7.200 MHz
1579:
1575:7.000–7.300 MHz
1574:
1570:7.000–7.200 MHz
1569:
1555:
1542:3.500–3.900 MHz
1541:
1537:3.500–4.000 MHz
1536:
1532:3.500–3.800 MHz
1531:
1513:1.800–2.000 MHz
1512:
1508:1.810–1.850 MHz
1507:
1493:
1475:135.7–137.8 kHz
1474:
1429:
1424:
1393:
1376:
1364:
1352:
1349:
1333:
1330:
1325:
1315:
1295:
1293:Further reading
1290:
1281:
1279:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1252:
1250:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1227:
1225:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1201:
1199:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1169:
1167:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1132:
1128:
1118:
1116:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1058:
1056:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1034:
1032:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1003:
1002:
996:
994:
990:
983:
977:
976:
972:
963:
961:
957:
950:
944:
943:
939:
930:
928:
921:
920:
916:
907:
905:
897:
896:
892:
876:
875:
869:
867:
863:
856:
850:
849:
845:
829:
828:
822:
820:
816:
809:
803:
802:
798:
782:
781:
775:
773:
769:
762:
756:
755:
751:
739:
735:
726:
724:
715:
714:
710:
706:
701:
700:
676:
669:
664:
656:Industry Canada
611:
609:
600:50.96 MHz
592:50.94 MHz
584:50.92 MHz
576:50.90 MHz
568:50.88 MHz
560:50.86 MHz
552:50.84 MHz
544:50.82 MHz
536:50.80 MHz
519:
517:
513:
486:voice operation
446:communications)
436:communications)
418:
355:
335:
270:
245:
170:
162:
159:
140:needs expansion
123:
119:
117:
113:
111:
107:
99:
36:single-sideband
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2101:
2091:
2090:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2061:Radio spectrum
2056:
2055:
2013:
2012:
2005:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1934:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1803:
1802:
1799:
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1109:"IARU Regions"
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63:high frequency
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138:This section
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83:long-distance
80:
75:
73:
68:
64:
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52:amateur radio
49:
45:
37:
32:
26:
22:
2050:
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2016:
2007:
1999:
1998:
1979:
1965:
1951:
1940:– 81.500 GHz
1937:
1929:
1915:
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1456:ITU Region 3
1451:ITU Region 2
1446:ITU Region 1
1392:
1386:the original
1381:
1369:
1357:
1339:SolarHam.net
1338:
1300:
1280:. Retrieved
1271:
1262:
1251:. Retrieved
1247:
1238:
1228:22 September
1226:. Retrieved
1222:the original
1212:
1200:. Retrieved
1196:the original
1189:
1180:
1168:. Retrieved
1164:the original
1157:
1148:
1139:
1129:
1117:. Retrieved
1113:the original
1103:
1091:. Retrieved
1082:
1068:
1057:. Retrieved
1053:
1044:
1033:. Retrieved
1029:
1020:
995:. Retrieved
988:the original
979:
973:
962:. Retrieved
955:the original
946:
940:
929:. Retrieved
923:
917:
906:. Retrieved
902:
893:
868:. Retrieved
861:the original
852:
846:
821:. Retrieved
814:the original
805:
799:
774:. Retrieved
767:the original
758:
752:
744:
736:
725:. Retrieved
723:. 2008-06-03
720:
711:
694:8-meter band
690:
679:8-meter band
653:
646:
636:
617:
520:RC channels
479:Packet radio
399:
392:
388:2-meter band
375:transceivers
372:
336:
324:
321:
317:
306:
298:
283:
262:
253:halo antenna
237:4-meter band
226:
215:
206:TV channel 1
202:
197:broadcasting
187:
175:
163:January 2012
160:
156:adding to it
142: with:
139:
91:8-meter band
88:
76:
71:
56:
44:6-meter band
43:
41:
1494:472–479 kHz
1378:"SixItalia"
1093:26 November
681:at 40
654:In Canada,
628:telecommand
612:in Canada)
496:) operation
416:Common uses
59:propagation
2059:See also:
2025:WARC bands
1938:75.500 GHz
1282:2014-07-26
1253:2020-03-22
1059:2014-07-06
1035:2014-07-06
997:2014-07-06
964:2014-07-05
931:2014-07-05
908:2014-07-05
870:2014-07-06
823:2014-07-06
776:2014-07-06
727:2014-07-18
704:References
677:The lower
528:Frequency
490:Morse code
222:ITU Region
194:television
72:magic band
25:MagicBands
1526:80 / 75 m
1358:uksmg.org
1006:cite book
879:cite book
832:cite book
785:cite book
662:Footnotes
642:band plan
610:(not used
453:operation
379:shortwave
353:Equipment
2082:Category
1341:. VE3EN.
1170:July 13,
633:repeater
451:repeater
257:(WA8FJW)
81:enables
97:History
2001:Sub-mm
1953:2.5 mm
1898:1.2 cm
1740:1.25 m
1469:2200 m
1439:Range
1311:
1202:28 May
1119:28 May
637:flying
467:Aurora
183:Madrid
120:
114:
108:
1822:13 cm
1808:23 cm
1788:33 cm
1765:70 cm
1502:160 m
1488:630 m
1442:Band
991:(PDF)
984:(PDF)
958:(PDF)
951:(PDF)
864:(PDF)
857:(PDF)
817:(PDF)
810:(PDF)
770:(PDF)
763:(PDF)
190:Cairo
1981:1 mm
1967:2 mm
1931:4 mm
1917:6 mm
1884:3 cm
1860:5 cm
1841:9 cm
1658:10 m
1644:12 m
1630:15 m
1616:17 m
1602:20 m
1588:30 m
1564:40 m
1550:60 m
1309:ISBN
1230:2015
1204:2013
1172:2013
1140:QRPP
1121:2013
1095:2023
1012:link
885:link
838:link
791:link
721:ARRL
473:WSJT
42:The
2033:'s
2031:ITU
1994:THF
1911:EHF
1835:SHF
1759:UHF
1721:2 m
1701:4 m
1677:6 m
1671:VHF
687:ITU
683:MHz
525:Ch.
484:SSB
449:FM
383:UHF
296:).
158:.
74:".
2084::
2063:,
2027:".
1801:—
1793:—
1753:—
1745:—
1714:—
1520:HF
1482:MF
1463:LF
1380:.
1368:.
1356:.
1337:.
1307:.
1246:.
1188:.
1156:.
1138:.
1052:.
1028:.
1008:}}
1004:{{
901:.
881:}}
877:{{
834:}}
830:{{
787:}}
783:{{
743:,
719:.
670:^
605:09
597:08
589:07
581:06
573:05
565:04
557:03
549:02
541:01
533:00
500:DX
494:CW
440:FM
430:AM
410:FM
361:A
329:.
192:,
185:.
2042:.
1419:e
1412:t
1405:v
1372:.
1360:.
1317:.
1285:.
1256:.
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1206:.
1174:.
1142:.
1123:.
1097:.
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1038:.
1014:)
1000:.
967:.
934:.
911:.
887:)
873:.
840:)
826:.
793:)
779:.
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696:.
492:(
259:.
165:)
161:(
27:.
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