127:
relieve Vostok, arriving on the 27th, and delivering over 100 tons of cargo. On the 28th the train left for
Komsomol'skaya, arriving on the 31st. On 3 February the train, with 27 men, left to found Sovetskaya; they reached 78° 24′ S, 87° 35′ E on the 10th, at an altitude of 3570 m. The station was rapidly constructed, and the train left on the 18th, returning to Mirny on 4 March, having completed a round trip of 4,000 km (2,500 mi).
126:
The first tractor-train to the interior left on 26 December, with 32 men. On 2 January 1958 the train arrived at
Pionerskaya, and left again on the 8th. On the 17th they reached Komsomol'skaya; conditions of travel were difficult. A portion of the train (7 tractors and sledges) left on the 20th to
55:
130:
After spending the
Antarctic winter at Mirny, the Expedition undertook a second set of tractor traverses starting in September 1958. One team reached the pole of inaccessibility and established The
2803:
148:
131:
153:
68:
in
November – December 1957. Together with the ships' crews the expedition consisted of 445 men, of whom 183 were scheduled for wintering.
1965:
288:
926:
50:
193:
3346:
561:
569:
2921:
1927:
340:
197:
112:
83:
2518:
2116:
1704:
167:
writer Juhan Smuul took part of the expedition as a Soviet journalist and described the interesting details in his 1960 book
3397:
3310:
1256:
250:
2121:
3204:
2885:
2707:
2597:
2366:
955:
904:
2655:
2236:
2175:
223:
3412:
3407:
3402:
2678:
2756:
120:
87:
2973:
2947:
2784:
755:
281:
258:
243:
116:
1678:
2810:
2780:
1123:
1113:
697:
399:
76:
2421:
2583:
2093:
1226:
2492:
2378:
2221:
1267:
728:
496:
3427:
3422:
3417:
2940:
2562:
2396:
2337:
2291:
520:
409:
231:
22:
230:(translated from the Russian by the Israel program for scientific translations, Jerusalem, 1966 for the
3300:
2025:
1999:
1992:
1443:
1344:
1336:
1319:
937:
483:
335:
274:
194:"20 лет открытию Полюса недоступности Антарктиды: Метеорология и Гидрология. 1979, №3. Гидрометеоиздат"
1732:
3123:
2733:
2429:
2228:
2013:
1895:
1698:
1580:
1431:
1280:
1218:
1205:
1078:
804:
456:
143:
3273:
2864:
2858:
2776:
2650:
2435:
2161:
2037:
1887:
1775:
1559:
575:
3340:
3003:
2156:
2030:
1950:
1459:
1286:
488:
3278:
2844:
776:
2111:
3283:
3252:
3057:
3010:
2909:
2713:
2632:
2575:
2324:
2318:
2168:
2126:
2088:
2068:
1663:
1438:
1274:
1184:
1166:
1083:
1054:
1044:
932:
869:
643:
1324:
3137:
3129:
3072:
2660:
2524:
2450:
2442:
2242:
2182:
2141:
1754:
1745:
1616:
1611:
1515:
1379:
1136:
1098:
705:
475:
443:
387:
367:
2505:
910:
893:
201:
8:
3258:
3180:
2645:
2568:
2484:
2265:
2257:
2206:
1846:
1804:
1299:
1262:
1151:
915:
785:
588:
393:
99:
in the southern oceans, and cartography of the coast from Mirny to the
Bellingshausen sea
898:
2979:
2871:
2852:
2416:
2391:
1933:
1827:
1791:
1767:
1658:
1505:
1480:
1476:
1466:
1372:
1350:
1329:
1210:
1200:
947:
835:
763:
436:
427:
419:
330:
310:
3351:
3157:
3151:
3107:
3092:
3021:
2993:
2901:
2838:
2748:
2720:
2700:
2638:
2546:
2510:
2384:
2351:
2344:
2297:
2279:
2196:
1945:
1814:
1762:
1668:
1621:
1549:
1538:
1250:
1240:
1232:
1128:
1118:
1029:
1024:
1007:
973:
840:
827:
648:
554:
512:
507:
297:
27:
64:(captain A S Yantselevich), used mainly as a transport vessel. The ships arrived in
3368:
3100:
2792:
2672:
2498:
2471:
2411:
2286:
2216:
2201:
1940:
1869:
1864:
1838:
1833:
1715:
1638:
1591:
1358:
1178:
1143:
1039:
1034:
968:
882:
664:
656:
542:
462:
414:
404:
377:
31:
3358:
3305:
3290:
3196:
3191:
3115:
3080:
3016:
2915:
2830:
2797:
2529:
2312:
2304:
2273:
2189:
2149:
1903:
1859:
1799:
1723:
1693:
1688:
1648:
1626:
1574:
1510:
1500:
1451:
1173:
1158:
1011:
980:
942:
692:
620:
614:
537:
502:
362:
168:
42:
1881:
3332:
3315:
3268:
3227:
3217:
3186:
3045:
3035:
2927:
2877:
2742:
2692:
2665:
2610:
2406:
2401:
2250:
2103:
1957:
1919:
1876:
1809:
1783:
1737:
1710:
1683:
1653:
1596:
1554:
1544:
1424:
1417:
1314:
1294:
1106:
1066:
997:
793:
768:
723:
687:
681:
673:
633:
628:
602:
582:
350:
108:
3391:
3295:
3237:
3232:
3222:
3172:
3167:
3143:
3087:
2964:
2958:
2953:
2552:
2463:
2456:
2211:
2006:
1985:
1853:
1631:
1601:
1569:
1564:
1401:
1307:
1190:
985:
798:
748:
741:
733:
638:
547:
382:
104:
3326:
3320:
2932:
2896:
2762:
2589:
2539:
2478:
2332:
2020:
1971:
1821:
1643:
1606:
1586:
1527:
1061:
1049:
992:
920:
821:
718:
712:
609:
597:
470:
448:
372:
325:
3363:
3263:
3211:
3029:
2816:
2604:
1979:
1911:
1673:
1532:
1495:
1395:
1387:
1195:
531:
3162:
3065:
3049:
2891:
2824:
2725:
2134:
2083:
2043:
1365:
1091:
1019:
961:
354:
322:
75:
Relief of the 1956–1958 continental expedition and continuation of the
65:
2684:
1521:
1073:
856:
266:
2616:
3243:
2623:
888:
864:
852:
164:
1410:
159:
1489:
814:
92:
Continuation of tractor-sledge traverses in central
Antarctica
875:
2080:
30:
on the continent and included Czech future astronomer
3389:
137:
45:ships were used to transport the expedition. RV
282:
221:
160:3rd Soviet Antarctic Expedition in literature
16:1957-59 Soviet mission to explore Antarctica
289:
275:
228:. Moscow: Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR.
3347:Pole of Inaccessibility research station
2922:Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition
198:Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute
3390:
225:Soviet Antarctic Expeditions 1955-1959
188:
186:
184:
2066:
308:
296:
270:
103:The programme included 6 stations: (
2708:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
905:Norse colonization of North America
181:
13:
2237:United States Exploring Expedition
71:The tasks of the expedition were:
14:
3439:
3311:Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station
2679:Australasian Antarctic Expedition
3205:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
2598:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
171:" ("Jäine raamat" in Estonian).
88:pole of relative inaccessibility
169:"Antarctica Ahoy!: The Ice Book
34:; the marine expedition on the
134:station there on 14 December.
1:
2584:Japanese Antarctic Expedition
2519:Scottish Antarctic Expedition
2067:
174:
138:Landscape features discovered
3398:Soviet Antarctic expeditions
2941:Soviet Antarctic Expeditions
2757:Shackleton–Rowett Expedition
2563:French Antarctic Expeditions
2493:Swedish Antarctic Expedition
2379:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
497:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
251:Soviet Antarctic expeditions
7:
2026:Nuclear-powered icebreakers
1705:Austro-Hungarian Expedition
570:Andrée's balloon expedition
232:National Science Foundation
23:Soviet Antarctic Expedition
10:
3444:
1227:Franklin's lost expedition
927:Christian IV's expeditions
309:
95:Oceanographic work on the
3044:
2775:
2362:
2102:
2079:
2075:
2062:
1581:Great Northern Expedition
1475:
1257:Rae–Richardson expedition
1006:
851:
457:British Arctic Expedition
349:
321:
317:
304:
255:
248:
240:
222:Nudel'man, A. V. (1959).
144:Gamburtsev Mountain Range
38:was led by I V Maksimov.
3413:1959 in the Soviet Union
3408:1958 in the Soviet Union
3403:1957 in the Soviet Union
2865:British Antarctic Survey
2859:Captain Arturo Prat Base
2104:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
3341:Pole of inaccessibility
3004:Antarctic Treaty System
1345:2nd Grinnell expedition
132:Pole of Inaccessibility
3011:Transglobe Expedition
2910:Operation Deep Freeze
2319:Challenger expedition
1185:Coppermine expedition
706:Drifting ice stations
26:(1957–59) was led by
82:Organisation of the
3181:South magnetic pole
1847:Brusilov expedition
956:Danish colonization
394:North magnetic pole
49:(flagship; captain
3428:1959 in Antarctica
3423:1958 in Antarctica
3418:1957 in Antarctica
2872:Operation Windmill
2853:Operation Highjump
1828:Rusanov expedition
1733:A. E. Nordenskiöld
1477:North East Passage
1281:McClure expedition
149:Golitsyn Mountains
119:; Pionerskaya and
3385:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3377:
3376:
2839:Operation Tabarin
2701:Far Eastern Party
2547:Nimrod Expedition
2058:
2057:
2054:
2053:
1617:M. Pronchishcheva
1539:Siberian Cossacks
1008:Northwest Passage
341:Research stations
298:Polar exploration
265:
264:
256:Succeeded by
28:Yevgeny Tolstikov
3435:
2886:Ronne Expedition
2371:
2365:
2229:Dumont d'Urville
2077:
2076:
2064:
2063:
1612:V. Pronchishchev
319:
318:
306:
305:
291:
284:
277:
268:
267:
241:Preceded by
238:
237:
229:
214:
213:
211:
209:
204:on 10 March 2007
200:. Archived from
190:
59:
3443:
3442:
3438:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3373:
3048:
3040:
2916:McMurdo Station
2785:Modern research
2783:
2771:
2506:O. Nordenskjöld
2369:
2363:
2358:
2274:Ross expedition
2098:
2071:
2050:
1479:
1471:
1012:Northern Canada
1010:
1002:
855:
847:
353:
345:
313:
300:
295:
261:
246:
218:
217:
207:
205:
192:
191:
182:
177:
162:
140:
86:station at the
53:
43:diesel-electric
17:
12:
11:
5:
3441:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3383:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3333:Vostok Station
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3287:
3286:
3284:Cherry-Garrard
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3134:
3133:
3132:
3124:Southern Cross
3120:
3119:
3118:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3090:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3054:
3052:
3046:Farthest South
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3026:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3007:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2984:
2983:
2982:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2961:
2956:
2937:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2918:
2913:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2868:
2861:
2856:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2807:
2800:
2795:
2789:
2787:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2743:Ross Sea party
2739:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2704:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2690:
2675:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2620:
2613:
2608:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2559:
2558:
2557:
2543:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2527:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2440:
2437:Southern Cross
2430:Southern Cross
2426:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2374:
2372:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2354:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2315:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2295:
2289:
2270:
2269:
2268:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2176:Bellingshausen
2166:
2159:
2154:
2153:
2152:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2108:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2073:
2072:
2060:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2046:
2035:
2023:
2018:
2011:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1824:
1819:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1485:
1483:
1481:Russian Arctic
1473:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1427:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1297:
1292:
1277:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1253:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1238:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1016:
1014:
1004:
1003:
1001:
1000:
995:
990:
989:
988:
983:
971:
966:
965:
964:
952:
951:
950:
945:
940:
935:
923:
918:
916:Snæbjörn galti
913:
908:
901:
896:
891:
886:
879:
872:
867:
861:
859:
849:
848:
846:
845:
844:
843:
838:
833:
818:
811:
801:
796:
791:
783:
773:
772:
771:
766:
752:
745:
738:
737:
736:
731:
726:
721:
709:
702:
701:
700:
695:
690:
678:
677:
676:
662:
653:
652:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
617:
612:
607:
606:
605:
600:
585:
580:
579:
578:
566:
565:
564:
552:
551:
550:
545:
540:
535:
517:
516:
515:
510:
505:
493:
492:
491:
486:
481:
473:
468:
453:
452:
451:
446:
441:
424:
423:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
359:
357:
351:Farthest North
347:
346:
344:
343:
338:
333:
328:
315:
314:
302:
301:
294:
293:
286:
279:
271:
263:
262:
257:
254:
247:
242:
236:
235:
216:
215:
196:(in Russian).
179:
178:
176:
173:
161:
158:
157:
156:
151:
146:
139:
136:
121:Komsomol'skaya
101:
100:
93:
90:
80:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3440:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3329:
3328:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3106:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3008:
3006:
3005:
3001:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2731:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2464:Discovery Hut
2462:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2368:
2361:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2306:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2061:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1994:A. Sibiryakov
1991:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1966:Glavsevmorput
1963:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1268:J. Richardson
1266:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1030:M. Corte-Real
1028:
1026:
1025:G. Corte-Real
1023:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1005:
999:
996:
994:
991:
987:
984:
982:
979:
978:
977:
976:
972:
970:
967:
963:
960:
959:
958:
957:
953:
949:
948:C. Richardson
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
930:
929:
928:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
906:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
884:
880:
878:
877:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
862:
860:
858:
854:
850:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
830:
826:
825:
824:
823:
819:
817:
816:
812:
810:
809:
808:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
789:
784:
782:
781:
780:
774:
770:
767:
765:
762:
761:
760:
759:
758:
757:Georgiy Sedov
753:
751:
750:
746:
744:
743:
739:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
716:
715:
714:
710:
708:
707:
703:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
685:
684:
683:
679:
675:
672:
671:
670:
669:
668:
663:
661:
660:
659:
654:
650:
647:
645:
644:Riiser-Larsen
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
626:
625:
624:
623:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
604:
601:
599:
596:
595:
594:
593:
592:
586:
584:
581:
577:
574:
573:
572:
571:
567:
563:
560:
559:
558:
557:
553:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
533:
529:
528:
527:
526:
524:
518:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
500:
499:
498:
494:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
479:
474:
472:
469:
467:
466:
461:
460:
459:
458:
454:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
439:
435:
434:
433:
432:
430:
425:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
397:
396:
395:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
360:
358:
356:
352:
348:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
323:
320:
316:
312:
307:
303:
299:
292:
287:
285:
280:
278:
273:
272:
269:
260:
253:
252:
245:
239:
233:
227:
226:
220:
219:
203:
199:
195:
189:
187:
185:
180:
172:
170:
166:
155:
154:Schmidt plain
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
141:
135:
133:
128:
124:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
98:
94:
91:
89:
85:
81:
78:
74:
73:
72:
69:
67:
63:
57:
52:
48:
44:
39:
37:
33:
32:Antonín Mrkos
29:
25:
24:
3339:
3327:Pole of Cold
3325:
3251:
3242:
3210:
3203:
3179:
3150:
3136:
3130:Borchgrevink
3122:
3109:
3094:
3074:
3059:
3028:
3009:
3002:
2987:
2986:
2972:
2963:
2946:
2939:
2920:
2908:
2884:
2870:
2863:
2851:
2837:
2823:
2809:
2802:
2763:
2755:
2741:
2734:
2732:
2714:
2706:
2699:
2686:
2677:
2639:
2631:
2622:
2615:
2603:
2596:
2582:
2570:Pourquoi-Pas
2569:
2561:
2553:
2545:
2540:Orcadas Base
2538:
2530:
2517:
2511:C. A. Larsen
2499:
2491:
2477:
2470:
2457:
2449:
2443:Borchgrevink
2436:
2428:
2385:
2377:
2352:C. A. Larsen
2345:
2326:
2317:
2299:
2281:
2272:
2259:
2244:
2235:
2222:
2183:
2169:
2162:
2143:
2128:
2038:
2031:
2014:
2007:
1993:
1978:
1964:
1951:
1926:
1912:
1910:
1896:
1894:
1888:
1886:
1852:
1845:
1826:
1792:
1790:
1776:
1774:
1756:
1746:
1744:
1724:
1722:
1703:
1579:
1537:
1520:
1488:
1452:
1450:
1430:
1429:
1409:
1408:
1394:
1381:
1366:
1352:
1343:
1330:
1301:
1289:Investigator
1288:
1279:
1255:
1242:
1234:
1225:
1212:
1183:
1160:
1145:
1130:
1100:
1085:
1055:
974:
954:
925:
921:Erik the Red
903:
881:
874:
831:submersibles
828:
822:Arktika 2007
820:
813:
806:
803:
787:
778:
775:
756:
754:
747:
740:
711:
704:
680:
666:
665:
657:
655:
621:
619:
590:
587:
576:S. A. Andrée
568:
555:
530:
522:
519:
495:
477:
464:
455:
437:
428:
426:
392:
249:
224:
206:. Retrieved
202:the original
163:
129:
125:
102:
96:
70:
62:Kooperatsiya
61:
46:
40:
35:
20:
18:
3030:Lake Vostok
2980:Tryoshnikov
2902:Schlossbach
2793:Christensen
2735:James Caird
2656:E. R. Evans
2422:Dobrowolski
2392:de Gerlache
2094:Expeditions
1980:Aviaarktika
1934:Samoylovich
1805:Kolomeitsev
1699:Middendorff
1659:Gedenshtrom
1079:I. Fyodorov
841:Chilingarov
729:E. Fyodorov
336:Expeditions
54: [
3392:Categories
3253:Terra Nova
3158:Shackleton
3101:J. C. Ross
3060:Resolution
3050:South Pole
2825:New Swabia
2749:Mackintosh
2721:Shackleton
2640:Terra Nova
2633:Terra Nova
2367:Heroic Age
2327:Challenger
2287:J. C. Ross
2197:Bransfield
2129:Resolution
2044:icebreaker
2008:Chelyuskin
1749:expedition
1727:Expedition
1669:Matyushkin
1627:Kh. Laptev
1622:Chelyuskin
1516:Heemskerck
1506:Chancellor
1501:Willoughby
1496:Koch boats
1439:Stefansson
1373:McClintock
1337:Inglefield
1179:J. C. Ross
1086:Resolution
938:Cunningham
836:Sagalevich
525:expedition
484:Stephenson
444:C. F. Hall
431:expedition
405:J. C. Ross
368:Heemskerck
355:North Pole
208:26 January
175:References
113:Sovetskaya
84:Sovetskaya
66:Antarctica
3352:Tolstikov
3138:Discovery
3108:HMS
3093:HMS
3075:Adventure
3073:HMS
3058:HMS
2994:Tolstikov
2715:Endurance
2500:Antarctic
2485:Drygalski
2458:Discovery
2451:Discovery
2412:Arctowski
2325:HMS
2298:HMS
2292:Abernethy
2280:HMS
2258:USS
2245:Vincennes
2243:USS
2223:Astrolabe
2163:San Telmo
2144:Adventure
2142:HMS
2127:HMS
2122:Kerguelen
2084:Continent
2069:Antarctic
1946:Urvantsev
1904:Vilkitsky
1757:Jeannette
1755:USS
1747:Jeannette
1711:Weyprecht
1689:Pakhtusov
1639:Chichagov
1632:D. Laptev
1575:Permyakov
1550:Stadukhin
1545:Perfilyev
1522:Mangazeya
1460:H. Larsen
1425:Rasmussen
1380:HMS
1351:USS
1300:HMS
1287:HMS
1251:Collinson
1241:HMS
1233:HMS
1211:HMS
1159:HMS
1144:HMS
1129:HMS
1114:Mackenzie
1101:Discovery
1099:HMS
1084:HMS
1056:Discovery
1035:Frobisher
998:Rasmussen
911:Gunnbjörn
857:Greenland
786:USS
777:USS
649:Ellsworth
591:Roosevelt
521:Nansen's
478:Discovery
476:HMS
463:HMS
410:Abernethy
378:Marmaduke
79:programme
51:I. A. Man
3364:A. Fuchs
3321:V. Fuchs
3301:McKinley
3264:E. Evans
3223:Bjaaland
3218:Amundsen
3168:Marshall
3081:Furneaux
2933:V. Fuchs
2897:E. Ronne
2892:F. Ronne
2831:Ritscher
2685:SY
2673:Filchner
2617:Framheim
2611:Amundsen
2417:Racoviță
2402:Amundsen
2397:Lecointe
2266:Ringgold
2260:Porpoise
2150:Furneaux
1986:Shevelev
1941:Begichev
1920:Amundsen
1882:Nagórski
1860:Brusilov
1854:Sv. Anna
1768:Melville
1738:Palander
1694:Tsivolko
1654:Sannikov
1649:Billings
1592:Chirikov
1511:Barentsz
1453:St. Roch
1444:Bartlett
1418:Amundsen
1402:Sverdrup
1302:Resolute
1191:Franklin
1119:Kotzebue
986:Sverdrup
969:Scoresby
943:Lindenov
794:Plaisted
779:Nautilus
724:Shirshov
698:Belyakov
693:Baydukov
667:Nautilus
629:Amundsen
589:SS
548:Sverdrup
543:Johansen
513:Brainard
508:Lockwood
363:Barentsz
165:Estonian
3369:Messner
3316:Hillary
3296:Balchen
3244:Polheim
3238:Wisting
3116:Crozier
3088:Weddell
3066:J. Cook
3036:Kapitsa
3017:Fiennes
2959:Klenova
2928:Hillary
2878:Ketchum
2804:BANZARE
2779:·
2624:Polheim
2590:Shirase
2576:Charcot
2386:Belgica
2305:Crozier
2217:Morrell
2212:Weddell
2190:Lazarev
2135:J. Cook
2089:History
2039:Arktika
2015:Krassin
2000:Voronin
1972:Schmidt
1958:Ushakov
1897:Vaygach
1865:Albanov
1834:Rusanov
1815:Kolchak
1810:Matisen
1784:Makarov
1763:De Long
1664:Wrangel
1644:Lyakhov
1597:Malygin
1555:Dezhnev
1382:Pandora
1353:Advance
1320:Kennedy
1315:Belcher
1308:Kellett
1295:McClure
1219:Beechey
1213:Blossom
1206:Simpson
1174:Crozier
1167:Hoppner
1124:J. Ross
1092:J. Cook
1040:Gilbert
933:J. Hall
899:Ingólfr
889:Naddodd
883:Vikings
870:Brendan
865:Pytheas
853:Iceland
807:Arktika
799:Herbert
764:Badygin
734:Krenkel
719:Papanin
688:Chkalov
674:Wilkins
639:Wisting
583:F. Cook
489:Markham
449:Bessels
438:Polaris
429:Polaris
400:J. Ross
383:Carolus
331:History
3279:Bowers
3274:Wilson
3233:Hassel
3228:Helmer
3197:Mackay
3187:Mawson
3152:Nimrod
3110:Terror
3095:Erebus
3022:Burton
2817:Rymill
2693:Mawson
2687:Aurora
2666:Lashly
2651:Wilson
2554:Nimrod
2531:Scotia
2338:Murray
2313:Cooper
2300:Terror
2282:Erebus
2251:Wilkes
2202:Palmer
2170:Vostok
2117:Bouvet
2041:-class
2021:Gakkel
1889:Taymyr
1870:Konrad
1839:Kuchin
1777:Yermak
1684:Lavrov
1602:Ovtsyn
1587:Bering
1565:Ivanov
1528:Hudson
1490:Pomors
1467:Cowper
1432:Karluk
1331:Isabel
1325:Bellot
1275:Austin
1243:Terror
1235:Erebus
1131:Griper
1107:Clerke
1067:Baffin
1050:Hudson
981:Nansen
894:Garðar
815:Barneo
682:ANT-25
658:Italia
634:Nobile
603:Henson
562:Amedeo
538:Nansen
503:Greely
373:Hudson
311:Arctic
259:Fourth
244:Second
109:Vostok
60:) and
21:Third
3359:Crary
3306:Dufek
3269:Oates
3259:Scott
3192:David
3173:Adams
3144:Barne
2965:Mirny
2954:Somov
2764:Quest
2661:Crean
2646:Scott
2525:Bruce
2479:Gauss
2472:Gauss
2346:Jason
2333:Nares
2207:Davis
2184:Mirny
2157:Smith
2112:Roché
2032:Lenin
1952:Sadko
1877:Wiese
1822:Sedov
1793:Zarya
1716:Payer
1679:Litke
1674:Anjou
1607:Minin
1570:Vagin
1560:Popov
1533:Poole
1388:Young
1201:Dease
1146:Hecla
1137:Parry
1062:Bylot
1045:Davis
1020:Cabot
993:Peary
975:Jason
962:Egede
876:Papar
788:Skate
769:Wiese
749:NP-37
742:NP-36
622:Norge
610:Sedov
598:Peary
556:Jason
471:Nares
465:Alert
420:Hayes
388:Parry
326:Ocean
117:Oasis
105:Mirny
58:]
3291:Byrd
3212:Fram
3163:Wild
2845:Marr
2811:BGLE
2798:Byrd
2726:Wild
2605:Fram
2407:Cook
1928:AARI
1913:Maud
1800:Toll
1725:Vega
1411:Gjøa
1396:Fram
1359:Kane
1196:Back
1161:Fury
1152:Lyon
1074:Munk
713:NP-1
615:Byrd
532:Fram
523:Fram
415:Kane
210:2007
41:Two
19:The
2988:3rd
2974:2nd
2948:1st
2781:IGY
2777:IPY
1367:Fox
1263:Rae
829:Mir
805:NS
123:).
77:IGY
3394::
1893:/
234:).
183:^
115:;
111:;
107:;
97:Ob
56:ru
47:Ob
36:Ob
2370:"
2364:"
2307:)
2303:(
2294:)
2285:(
290:e
283:t
276:v
212:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.