264:
364:
received within an HS-DSCH TTI" and the "minimum inter-TTI interval". The TTI is 2 milliseconds. So, for example, Cat 10 can decode 27,952 bits / 2 ms = 13.976 Mbit/s (and not 14.4 Mbit/s as often claimed incorrectly). Categories 1-4 and 11 have inter-TTI intervals of 2 or 3, which reduces the maximum data rate by that factor. Dual-Cell and MIMO 2x2 each multiply the maximum data rate by 2, because multiple independent transport blocks are transmitted over different carriers or spatial streams, respectively. The data rates given in the table are rounded to one decimal point.
734:
2371:
3699:
3709:
3688:
2360:
3719:
841:(UE) requests permission to send data and the scheduler decides when and how many UEs will be allowed to do so. A request for transmission contains data about the state of the transmission buffer and the queue at the UE and its available power margin. However, unlike HSDPA, uplink transmissions are not
363:
The following table is derived from table 5.1a of the release 11 of 3GPP TS 25.306 and shows maximum data rates of different device classes and by what combination of features they are achieved. The per-cell, per-stream data rate is limited by the "maximum number of bits of an HS-DSCH transport block
331:
The first phase of HSDPA was specified in 3GPP Release 5. This phase introduced new basic functions and was aimed to achieve peak data rates of 14.0 Mbit/s with significantly reduced latency. The improvement in speed and latency reduced the cost per bit and enhanced support for high-performance
254:
The first HSPA specifications supported increased peak data rates of up to 14 Mbit/s in the downlink and 5.76 Mbit/s in the uplink. They also reduced latency and provided up to five times more system capacity in the downlink and up to twice as much system capacity in the uplink compared
856:
Each MAC-d flow (i.e., QoS flow) is configured to use either scheduled or non-scheduled modes. The UE adjusts the data rate for scheduled and non-scheduled flows independently. The maximum data rate of each non-scheduled flow is configured at call setup, and typically not frequently changed. The
1043:
all the way to the original
Release 99 WCDMA network releases. Evolved HSPA provides data rates between 42.2 and 56 Mbit/s in the downlink and 22 Mbit/s in the uplink (per 5 MHz carrier) with multiple input, multiple output (2x2 MIMO) technologies and higher order modulation
848:
In addition to this "scheduled" mode of transmission, the standards allow a self-initiated transmission mode from the UEs, denoted "non-scheduled". The non-scheduled mode can, for example, be used for VoIP services for which even the reduced TTI and the
33:
824:
HSUPA adds a new transport channel to WCDMA, called the
Enhanced Dedicated Channel (E-DCH). It also features several improvements similar to those of HSDPA, including multi-code transmission, shorter transmission time interval enabling faster
781:, as well as ports for connecting traditional landline telephones. Some were marketed with connection speeds of "up to 7.2 Mbit/s" under ideal conditions. However, these services could be slower, such as when in fringe coverage indoors.
707:
The maximal code rate is not limited. A value close to 1 in this column indicates that the maximum data rate can be achieved only in ideal conditions. The device is therefore connected directly to the transmitter to demonstrate these data
800:
in the HSPA family. It is specified and standardized in 3GPP Release 6 to improve the uplink data rate to 5.76 Mbit/s, extend capacity, and reduce latency. Together with additional improvements, this allows for new features such as
857:
power used by the scheduled flows is controlled dynamically by the Node B through absolute grant (consisting of an actual value) and relative grant (consisting of a single up/down bit) messages.
766:
providers were highly successful benchmarks for this network standard. However, this later changed in favor of HSDPA, as an increasing number of providers worldwide began adopting it.
1393:
1381:
1128:
752:
services in 109 countries. 169 HSDPA networks supported 3.6 Mbit/s peak downlink data throughput, and a growing number delivered 21 Mbit/s peak data downlink.
1354:
717:
The maximum data rates given in the table are physical layer data rates. Application layer data rate is approximately 85% of that, due to the inclusion of IP headers (
199:
1200:
316:
Release 5. It was accompanied by an improvement to the uplink that provided a new bearer of 384 kbit/s (the previous maximum bearer was 128 kbit/s).
1488:
2963:
1424:
808:
HSUPA was the second major step in the UMTS evolution process. It has since been superseded by newer technologies with higher transfer rates, such as
1966:
1015:
1987:
679:
2334:
773:
to provide mobile broadband connections. In addition, the popularity of HSDPA landline replacement boxes grew—these provided HSDPA for data via
1313:
192:
332:
packet data applications. HSDPA is based on shared channel transmission, and its key features are shared channel and multi-code transmission,
2214:
246:
to reach as high as 337 Mbit/s in the downlink and 34 Mbit/s in the uplink; however, these speeds are rarely achieved in practice.
226:—High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA)—that extends and improves the performance of existing
3671:
3643:
3638:
2663:
2603:
2573:
2226:
1786:
355:
The upgrade to HSDPA is often just a software update for WCDMA networks. In HSDPA, voice calls are usually prioritized over data transfer.
1513:
32:
1390:
298:
2406:
2164:
2138:
185:
1369:
1417:
3758:
1360:
242:(also known as HSPA+) was released late in 2008, with subsequent worldwide adoption beginning in 2010. The newer standard allows
880:
E-DPCCH (E-DCH Dedicated
Physical Control Channel) – carries the control information associated with the E-DCH Transport Channel
3665:
2294:
1378:
1125:
3660:
3650:
3630:
3432:
1743:
1297:
1145:
105:
54:
837:
more effective. Similar to HSDPA, HSUPA uses a "packet scheduler", but it operates on a "request-grant" principle where the
2199:
1640:
1218:
2797:
3722:
3655:
3501:
2484:
1831:
1410:
1071:
3427:
2209:
46:
3521:
1898:
1547:
1468:
1278:
1259:
3306:
2854:
2656:
1910:
1493:
1443:
1027:
317:
239:
123:
3417:
2299:
1903:
1473:
1335:
830:
349:
341:
3412:
2245:
1039:
release 7 of the WCDMA specification. It provides extensions to the existing HSPA definitions and is therefore
834:
3437:
2489:
2399:
2238:
2221:
345:
3712:
3473:
3370:
2913:
2708:
2680:
2583:
1738:
1684:
1659:
1542:
1533:
1344:
802:
101:
2252:
3702:
3209:
2649:
1699:
1014:
Further UE categories were defined from 3GGP Release 7 onwards as
Evolved HSPA (HSPA+) and are listed in
3561:
3483:
3422:
3129:
2608:
2504:
337:
36:
3748:
3333:
3294:
3139:
3039:
2968:
2901:
2728:
2613:
1694:
1096:
1081:
263:
1290:
High Speed Packet Access: Technology and measurement aspects of HSDPA and HSUPA mobile radio systems
3692:
2934:
2869:
2822:
2782:
2578:
2499:
2392:
2364:
2194:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1861:
1463:
3743:
3531:
3516:
3360:
3311:
3234:
3134:
2812:
2698:
2693:
2598:
2494:
2444:
2434:
2314:
1922:
1563:
809:
797:
333:
286:
223:
127:
842:
320:(HSPA+), introduced in 3GPP Release 7, further increased data rates by adding 64QAM modulation,
3453:
3239:
3054:
2999:
2994:
2807:
2772:
2339:
1451:
1091:
1086:
1047:
Since 2011, HSPA+ has been widely deployed among WCDMA operators, with nearly 200 commitments.
770:
328:
operation. Under 3GPP Release 11, even higher speeds of up to 337.5 Mbit/s were possible.
69:
3355:
3159:
3124:
3044:
3024:
2946:
2834:
2755:
2516:
2429:
2277:
2204:
1630:
853:
based scheduler are unable to provide the necessary short delay time and constant bandwidth.
302:
2688:
3269:
3229:
3199:
2956:
2891:
2713:
2282:
2267:
2257:
1483:
1478:
1107:
718:
344:(HARQ). Additional new features include the High Speed Downlink Shared Channels (HS-DSCH),
17:
8:
3279:
3219:
2978:
2940:
2738:
2723:
2272:
2262:
1366:
1040:
3506:
3463:
3394:
3264:
3194:
3169:
3104:
2951:
2672:
1307:
1248:
733:
325:
3546:
3468:
3382:
3365:
3328:
3174:
3004:
2973:
2839:
2733:
2375:
1293:
1274:
1255:
1101:
883:
E-DPDCH (E-DCH Dedicated
Physical Data Channel) – carries the E-DCH Transport Channel
3214:
1188:
3551:
3511:
3491:
3458:
3387:
3345:
3259:
3114:
3099:
3074:
3049:
3009:
2859:
2718:
2703:
2289:
2189:
2184:
2061:
1503:
1433:
749:
741:
283:
220:
175:
145:
1170:
1035:(also known as HSPA Evolution, HSPA+) is a wireless broadband standard defined in
3179:
3034:
2802:
2777:
2765:
2415:
2233:
1397:
1385:
1373:
1339:
1146:"Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); UE Radio Access capabilities"
1132:
1076:
1061:
826:
306:
3377:
3249:
3224:
3184:
3154:
3029:
2864:
2817:
2792:
2750:
2454:
2324:
2319:
2148:
1765:
1454:
892:
The following table shows uplink speeds for the different categories of HSUPA:
861:
838:
155:
3753:
3737:
3526:
3299:
3289:
3204:
3094:
3089:
3079:
3064:
2886:
2745:
2329:
1402:
1349:
748:
As of 28 August 2009, 250 HSDPA networks had commercially launched
3404:
3244:
3189:
3119:
3084:
3019:
2918:
2908:
2760:
2544:
2534:
2304:
2051:
2035:
1668:
1032:
813:
141:
137:
78:
3604:
3254:
3164:
3149:
3109:
3069:
2928:
2133:
2082:
1992:
1980:
159:
109:
1391:
Nomor 3GPP Newsletter 2009-03: Standardisation updates on HSPA Evolution
3609:
3316:
3014:
2923:
2879:
2849:
2827:
1271:
HSDPA/HSUPA for UMTS: High Speed Radio Access for Mobile
Communications
352:, and the High Speed Medium Access protocol (MAC-hs) in base stations.
1759:
1332:
289:
in the High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) family. HSDPA is also known as
3594:
3059:
2874:
2641:
2524:
2479:
1056:
390:
301:(UMTS) to have higher data speeds and capacity. HSDPA also decreases
243:
1379:
Nomor
Research: White Paper "Technology of High Speed Packet Access"
1126:
Nomor
Research: White Paper "Technology of High Speed Packet Access"
698:
16-QAM implies QPSK support, 64-QAM implies 16-QAM and QPSK support.
3589:
3579:
3496:
3321:
3144:
2618:
2469:
2449:
2112:
2016:
1915:
1838:
1805:
1066:
774:
755:
2384:
670:
Further UE categories were defined from 3GGP Release 7 onwards as
3584:
3569:
2787:
2474:
2346:
1876:
1843:
1718:
1649:
1583:
1578:
1498:
812:(150 Mbit/s for downlink and 50 Mbit/s for uplink) and
1044:(64 QAM). With Dual Cell technology, these can be doubled.
769:
In 2007, an increasing number of telcos worldwide began selling
3614:
3574:
2896:
2593:
2464:
2439:
2055:
1926:
1826:
1568:
1508:
850:
805:(VoIP), uploading pictures, and sending large e-mail messages.
410:
3599:
3536:
2844:
2628:
2623:
2568:
2552:
2529:
2143:
2128:
2091:
2078:
1997:
1975:
1781:
1573:
1268:
778:
763:
231:
258:
3541:
2459:
2309:
2007:
1821:
1689:
1616:
1036:
1021:
936:
762:
networks had the early lead on performance. In particular,
759:
737:
632:
321:
313:
235:
784:
1729:
1704:
1625:
1612:
1588:
1250:
Communication
Systems for the Mobile Information Society
2107:
2030:
1800:
1602:
1523:
1327:
279:
227:
165:
151:
133:
115:
97:
74:
340:(TTI), fast link adaptation and scheduling, and fast
1247:
267:Cellular network standards and generation timeline
1189:http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/25306.htm
3735:
816:(maximum downlink rates of over 1 Gbit/s).
864:, HSUPA introduces the following new channels:
1432:
887:
2657:
2400:
1418:
1219:"DC-HSPA+ brings 42 Mbps to 39 networks"
193:
1367:Understand HSDPA's implementation challenges
1104:(dual-band, tri-band, quad-band, penta-band)
358:
230:mobile telecommunication networks using the
3672:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
877:E-HICH (E-DCH Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel)
833:(HARQ) with incremental redundancy, making
3708:
2664:
2650:
2407:
2393:
1425:
1411:
1312:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1287:
299:Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
200:
186:
259:High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)
1022:Evolved High Speed Packet Access (HSPA+)
732:
381:Max. number of HS-DSCH codes (per cell)
262:
31:
1163:
785:High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA)
14:
3736:
2671:
2295:Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service
1269:Harri Holma and Antti Toskala (2006).
1245:
2645:
2388:
1406:
898:HSUPA User Equipment (UE) categories
370:HSDPA User Equipment (UE) categories
3718:
2253:Spectral efficiency comparison table
1361:Dual carrier HSPA: DC-HSPA, DC-HSDPA
2414:
1072:Global mobile Suppliers Association
24:
297:. It allows networks based on the
37:HSPA icon on an Android smartphone
25:
3770:
1321:
272:High Speed Downlink Packet Access
3717:
3707:
3698:
3697:
3686:
3307:Free-space optical communication
2369:
2358:
1444:List of mobile phone generations
1028:Evolved High Speed Packet Access
318:Evolved High Speed Packet Access
240:Evolved High Speed Packet Access
1239:
871:E-RGCH (Relative Grant Channel)
868:E-AGCH (Absolute Grant Channel)
831:hybrid automatic repeat request
790:High-Speed Uplink Packet Access
350:quadrature amplitude modulation
342:hybrid automatic repeat request
3759:Wireless communication systems
1211:
1193:
1181:
1138:
1119:
711:
701:
692:
255:with original WCDMA protocol.
234:protocols. A further-improved
13:
1:
1333:3GPP Specifications Home Page
1113:
819:
396:Max. downlink speed (Mbit/s)
346:quadrature phase-shift keying
55:Wireless network technologies
3693:Telecommunication portal
3474:Telecommunications equipment
2365:Telecommunication portal
1350:Public HSPA Discussion Forum
829:, fast scheduling, and fast
803:Voice over Internet Protocol
219:) is an amalgamation of two
7:
3210:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
1288:Stuhlfauth, Reiner (2012).
1201:"Vodafone UK - Maintenance"
1050:
1016:Evolved HSUPA UE Categories
796:) is a 3G mobile telephony
728:
680:Evolved HSDPA UE Categories
249:
10:
3775:
2914:Telecommunications history
1862:CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Release 0
1372:February 16, 2010, at the
1254:. Chichester: John Wiley.
1025:
338:Transmission Time Interval
3681:
3623:
3560:
3522:Public Switched Telephone
3482:
3446:
3403:
3344:
3334:telecommunication circuit
3295:Fiber-optic communication
3278:
3040:Francis Blake (telephone)
2987:
2835:Optical telecommunication
2679:
2561:
2543:
2515:
2422:
2355:
2177:
2157:
2121:
2106:
2071:
2044:
2029:
2006:
1965:
1936:
1886:
1875:
1854:
1814:
1799:
1774:
1752:
1744:EDGE/EGPRS - Evolved EDGE
1728:
1717:
1677:
1669:D-AMPS (IS-54 and IS-136)
1658:
1639:
1611:
1601:
1556:
1532:
1522:
1450:
1441:
1396:February 1, 2014, at the
1384:January 23, 2009, at the
1338:October 26, 2008, at the
1131:January 23, 2009, at the
1097:Mobile Broadband Alliance
1082:List of device bandwidths
897:
888:User equipment categories
369:
359:User equipment categories
176:Mobile telecommunications
3433:Orbital angular-momentum
2870:Satellite communications
2709:Communications satellite
874:F-DPCH (Fractional-DPCH)
685:
312:HSDPA was introduced in
213:High Speed Packet Access
27:Communications protocols
3312:Molecular communication
3135:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
2964:Undersea telegraph line
2699:Cable protection system
2200:Comparison of standards
1839:UTRA-TDD LCR / TD-SCDMA
1363:, radio-electronics.com
1345:GSM Association on HSPA
1246:Sauter, Martin (2006).
1187:3GPP TS 25.306 v11.0.0
334:higher-order modulation
287:communications protocol
3454:Communication protocol
3240:Charles Sumner Tainter
3055:Walter Houser Brattain
3000:Edwin Howard Armstrong
2808:Information revolution
2205:Channel access methods
1844:UTRA-TDD HCR / TD-CDMA
1092:List of HSUPA networks
1087:List of HSDPA networks
745:
268:
39:
3428:Polarization-division
3160:Narinder Singh Kapany
3125:Erna Schneider Hoover
3045:Jagadish Chandra Bose
3025:Alexander Graham Bell
2756:online video platform
2376:Telephones portal
1484:MTA - MTB - MTC - MTD
736:
266:
35:
3270:Vladimir K. Zworykin
3230:Almon Brown Strowger
3200:Charles Grafton Page
2855:Prepaid mobile phone
2783:Electrical telegraph
1993:iBurst (IEEE 802.20)
1766:CDMA2000 1X Advanced
1151:. ETSI. January 2014
1108:UMTS frequency bands
719:overhead information
678:) and are listed in
305:, and therefore the
3220:Johann Philipp Reis
2979:Wireless revolution
2941:The Telephone Cases
2798:Hydraulic telegraph
2562:Long range wireless
1879:(3.5G, 3.75G, 3.9G)
1721:(2.5G, 2.75G, 2.9G)
1489:Mobile TeleSeratout
1041:backward compatible
282:(third-generation)
3418:Frequency-division
3395:Telephone exchange
3265:Charles Wheatstone
3195:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
3170:Innocenzo Manzetti
3105:Reginald Fessenden
2840:Optical telegraphy
2673:Telecommunications
2367:
1953:(TIA/EIA/IS-856-B)
1947:(TIA/EIA/IS-856-A)
1945:1xEV-DO Revision A
746:
393:at max. data rate
326:Dual-Carrier HSDPA
309:for applications.
269:
40:
3731:
3730:
3469:Store and forward
3464:Data transmission
3378:Network switching
3329:Transmission line
3175:Guglielmo Marconi
3140:Internet pioneers
3005:Mohamed M. Atalla
2974:Whistled language
2639:
2638:
2382:
2381:
2185:Cellular networks
2173:
2172:
2102:
2101:
2025:
2024:
1871:
1870:
1827:UTRA-FDD / W-CDMA
1795:
1794:
1762:(TIA/EIA/IS-2000)
1713:
1712:
1597:
1596:
1299:978-3-939837-14-5
1102:Multi-band device
1012:
1011:
919:
668:
667:
387:MIMO, Multi-Cell
278:) is an enhanced
210:
209:
16:(Redirected from
3766:
3749:Mobile broadband
3721:
3720:
3711:
3710:
3701:
3700:
3691:
3690:
3689:
3562:Notable networks
3552:Wireless network
3492:Cellular network
3484:Types of network
3459:Computer network
3346:Network topology
3260:Thomas A. Watson
3115:Oliver Heaviside
3100:Philo Farnsworth
3075:Daniel Davis Jr.
3050:Charles Bourseul
3010:John Logie Baird
2719:Data compression
2714:Computer network
2666:
2659:
2652:
2643:
2642:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2386:
2385:
2374:
2373:
2372:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2290:Mobile broadband
2190:Mobile telephony
2178:Related articles
2119:
2118:
2062:LTE Advanced Pro
2042:
2041:
1957:EV-DO Revision C
1951:EV-DO Revision B
1884:
1883:
1812:
1811:
1726:
1725:
1609:
1608:
1530:
1529:
1455:radio telephones
1434:Cellular network
1427:
1420:
1413:
1404:
1403:
1317:
1311:
1303:
1284:
1265:
1253:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1197:
1191:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1150:
1142:
1136:
1123:
917:
895:
894:
771:HSDPA USB modems
750:mobile broadband
722:
715:
709:
705:
699:
696:
367:
366:
238:standard called
202:
195:
188:
42:
41:
21:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3734:
3733:
3732:
3727:
3687:
3685:
3677:
3619:
3556:
3478:
3442:
3399:
3348:
3340:
3281:
3274:
3180:Robert Metcalfe
3035:Tim Berners-Lee
2983:
2803:Information Age
2675:
2670:
2640:
2635:
2557:
2539:
2511:
2418:
2416:Internet access
2413:
2383:
2378:
2370:
2368:
2359:
2357:
2351:
2258:Frequency bands
2169:
2153:
2111:
2098:
2067:
2034:
2021:
2002:
1961:
1932:
1878:
1877:3G transitional
1867:
1850:
1804:
1791:
1770:
1748:
1720:
1719:2G transitional
1709:
1673:
1654:
1650:cdmaOne (IS-95)
1635:
1593:
1552:
1518:
1446:
1437:
1431:
1398:Wayback Machine
1386:Wayback Machine
1374:Wayback Machine
1340:Wayback Machine
1324:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1281:
1262:
1242:
1237:
1227:
1225:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1186:
1182:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1133:Wayback Machine
1124:
1120:
1116:
1077:Internet access
1062:Cellular router
1053:
1030:
1024:
916:
914:
912:
904:
890:
845:to each other.
835:retransmissions
827:link adaptation
822:
787:
731:
726:
725:
716:
712:
706:
702:
697:
693:
688:
361:
307:round-trip time
261:
252:
206:
170:
84:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3772:
3762:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3744:3GPP standards
3729:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3715:
3705:
3695:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3675:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3647:
3646:
3641:
3633:
3627:
3625:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3566:
3564:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3488:
3486:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3466:
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3456:
3450:
3448:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3413:Space-division
3409:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3391:
3390:
3385:
3375:
3374:
3373:
3363:
3358:
3352:
3350:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3292:
3286:
3284:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3250:Camille Tissot
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3225:Claude Shannon
3222:
3217:
3215:Tivadar Puskás
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3185:Antonio Meucci
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3155:Charles K. Kao
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3130:Harold Hopkins
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3030:Emile Berliner
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2969:Videotelephony
2966:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2954:
2944:
2937:
2932:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2872:
2867:
2865:Radiotelephone
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2751:Internet video
2743:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2685:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2669:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2646:
2637:
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2631:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
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2559:
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2397:
2389:
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2356:
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2327:
2322:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
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2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2255:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2231:
2230:
2229:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2202:
2197:
2192:
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2171:
2170:
2168:
2167:
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2027:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2013:
2011:
2004:
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2001:
2000:
1995:
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1985:
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1983:
1972:
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1963:
1962:
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1539:
1537:
1527:
1520:
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1517:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1499:Autotel (PALM)
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1460:
1458:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1430:
1429:
1422:
1415:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1388:
1376:
1364:
1358:
1357:, ericsson.com
1352:
1347:
1342:
1330:
1323:
1322:External links
1320:
1319:
1318:
1298:
1285:
1279:
1266:
1260:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1210:
1205:vodafone.co.uk
1192:
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1026:Main article:
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869:
862:physical layer
839:user equipment
821:
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149:
131:
113:
94:
91:
90:
86:
85:
83:
82:
72:
66:
63:
62:
58:
57:
51:
50:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3771:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3724:
3716:
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3706:
3704:
3696:
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3657:
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3649:
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3642:
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3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3481:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3445:
3439:
3438:Code-division
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3423:Time-division
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3396:
3393:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3376:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3349:and switching
3347:
3343:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3327:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3301:
3300:optical fiber
3298:
3297:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3290:Coaxial cable
3288:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3277:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3205:Radia Perlman
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3095:Lee de Forest
3093:
3091:
3090:Thomas Edison
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3080:Donald Davies
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3065:Claude Chappe
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
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3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
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2990:
2986:
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2912:
2910:
2909:Smoke signals
2907:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2887:Semiconductor
2885:
2881:
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2873:
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2748:
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2746:Digital media
2744:
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2340:Wi-Fi Calling
2338:
2336:
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2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2313:
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2300:NGMN Alliance
2298:
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2018:
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1543:AMPS - N-AMPS
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38:
34:
30:
19:
3405:Multiplexing
3280:Transmission
3245:Nikola Tesla
3235:Henry Sutton
3190:Samuel Morse
3120:Robert Hooke
3085:Amos Dolbear
3020:John Bardeen
2939:
2919:Telautograph
2823:Mobile phone
2778:Edholm's law
2761:social media
2694:Broadcasting
2588:
2545:Wireless LAN
2535:Wireless USB
2517:Wireless PAN
2305:Push-to-talk
2083:IEEE 802.16m
2052:LTE Advanced
2036:IMT Advanced
1981:IEEE 802.16e
1976:Mobile WiMAX
1937:3GPP2 family
1893:
1864:(TIA/IS-856)
1855:3GPP2 family
1753:3GPP2 family
1732:/3GPP family
1548:TACS - ETACS
1355:3.5G drivin)
1289:
1270:
1249:
1240:Bibliography
1226:. Retrieved
1222:
1213:
1204:
1195:
1183:
1174:
1165:
1153:. Retrieved
1140:
1121:
1046:
1033:Evolved HSPA
1031:
1013:
891:
859:
855:
847:
823:
814:LTE Advanced
807:
793:
789:
788:
768:
754:
747:
740:-speed in a
713:
703:
694:
675:
672:Evolved HSPA
671:
669:
384:Modulation
362:
354:
330:
311:
294:
290:
275:
271:
270:
253:
216:
212:
211:
119:
29:
3605:NPL network
3317:Radio waves
3255:Alfred Vail
3165:Hedy Lamarr
3150:Dawon Kahng
3110:Elisha Gray
3070:Yogen Dalal
2995:Nasir Ahmed
2929:Teleprinter
2793:Heliographs
2134:5G-Advanced
2122:3GPP family
2072:IEEE family
2064:(4.5G/4.9G)
2045:3GPP family
1887:3GPP family
1815:3GPP family
1760:CDMA2000 1X
1631:CSD - HSCSD
922:Modulation
3738:Categories
3651:Antarctica
3610:Toasternet
3532:Television
3015:Paul Baran
2947:Television
2931:(teletype)
2924:Telegraphy
2902:transistor
2880:Phryctoria
2850:Photophone
2828:Smartphone
2818:Mass media
2609:Muni Wi-Fi
2500:Power-line
1988:Flash-OFDM
1292:. Munich.
1135:, nomor.de
1114:References
843:orthogonal
820:Technology
128:3.9G/3.95G
3635:Americas
3624:Locations
3595:Internet2
3356:Bandwidth
3060:Vint Cerf
2957:streaming
2935:Telephone
2875:Semaphore
2766:streaming
2614:Satellite
2525:Bluetooth
2505:Broadband
2480:IEEE 1901
2088:WiMax 2.1
1943:CDMA2000
1436:standards
1308:cite book
1273:. Wiley.
1057:Broadband
905:Category
391:Code rate
375:Category
244:bit rates
224:protocols
3703:Category
3590:Internet
3580:CYCLADES
3497:Ethernet
3447:Concepts
3371:terminal
3322:wireless
3145:Bob Kahn
2988:Pioneers
2813:Internet
2704:Cable TV
2619:UMTS-TDD
2470:HomePlug
2450:Ethernet
2113:IMT-2020
2017:HiperMAN
1916:DC-HSDPA
1806:IMT-2000
1394:Archived
1382:Archived
1370:Archived
1336:Archived
1175:About Us
1155:March 4,
1129:Archived
1067:DigRF V3
1051:See also
918:(Mbit/s)
908:Release
798:protocol
775:Ethernet
764:Japanese
756:CDMA2000
729:Adoption
378:Release
336:, short
250:Overview
47:a series
45:Part of
3723:Commons
3713:Outline
3666:Oceania
3585:FidoNet
3570:ARPANET
3383:circuit
2952:digital
2681:History
2475:HomePNA
2435:Dial-up
2347:Osmocom
2195:History
2165:DECT-5G
2139:NR-IIoT
1584:DataTAC
1579:Mobitex
1228:July 8,
860:At the
610:16-QAM
588:16-QAM
566:16-QAM
544:16-QAM
522:16-QAM
500:16-QAM
478:16-QAM
456:16-QAM
434:16-QAM
303:latency
138:4G/4.5G
89:Digital
3661:Europe
3631:Africa
3615:Usenet
3575:BITNET
3512:Mobile
3388:packet
2897:MOSFET
2892:device
2689:Beacon
2594:iBurst
2465:Nessum
2440:DOCSIS
2149:NB-IoT
2115:(2021)
2110:(2018)
2056:E-UTRA
2038:(2013)
2033:(2009)
2010:family
1969:family
1927:E-UTRA
1808:(2001)
1803:(1998)
1662:family
1643:family
1619:family
1605:(1991)
1536:family
1526:(1979)
1509:B-Netz
1457:(1946)
1296:
1277:
1258:
1171:"HSPA"
913:Uplink
851:Node B
721:) etc.
708:rates.
411:16-QAM
324:, and
284:mobile
221:mobile
61:Analog
49:on the
3644:South
3639:North
3600:JANET
3537:Telex
3527:Radio
3366:Nodes
3361:Links
3282:media
2860:Radio
2845:Pager
2773:Drums
2739:video
2734:image
2724:audio
2629:WiBro
2624:WiMAX
2569:5G NR
2553:Wi-Fi
2530:Li-Fi
2430:Cable
2423:Wired
2325:ViLTE
2320:VoLTE
2278:5G NR
2227:STDMA
2215:OFDMA
2158:Other
2144:LTE-M
2129:5G NR
2092:WiBro
2079:WiMAX
1998:WiBro
1911:HSPA+
1904:HSUPA
1899:HSDPA
1782:WiDEN
1775:Other
1678:Other
1641:3GPP2
1574:Hicap
1569:C-450
1557:Other
1474:Altai
1149:(PDF)
1008:QPSK
1005:5.76
994:QPSK
991:2.00
980:QPSK
977:2.93
966:QPSK
963:1.46
952:QPSK
949:1.46
933:0.73
915:Speed
903:HSUPA
794:HSUPA
779:Wi-Fi
742:HSDPA
686:Notes
676:HSPA+
656:QPSK
618:14.0
596:10.1
348:, 16-
276:HSDPA
232:WCDMA
156:5.25G
124:3.75G
106:2.75G
3754:UMTS
3656:Asia
3542:UUCP
3502:ISDN
2604:MMDS
2589:HSPA
2584:GPRS
2579:EVDO
2574:DECT
2490:MoCA
2485:ISDN
2460:G.hn
2455:FTTx
2335:ViNR
2330:VoNR
2310:MIMO
2283:CDMA
2268:UMTS
2246:SDMA
2239:CDMA
2234:SSMA
2222:TDMA
2210:FDMA
2008:ETSI
1967:IEEE
1894:HSPA
1832:FOMA
1822:UMTS
1787:DECT
1739:GPRS
1690:iDEN
1685:CDPD
1660:AMPS
1617:3GPP
1534:AMPS
1494:AMTS
1469:IMTS
1328:3GPP
1314:link
1294:ISBN
1275:ISBN
1256:ISBN
1230:2017
1223:3GPP
1157:2014
1037:3GPP
937:QPSK
911:Max.
777:and
760:EVDO
744:plan
738:GPRS
664:1.8
661:.76
642:0.9
639:.76
633:QPSK
615:.97
593:.70
574:7.2
571:.76
552:7.2
549:.75
530:3.6
527:.76
508:3.6
505:.76
486:1.8
483:.76
464:1.8
461:.76
442:1.2
439:.76
420:1.2
417:.76
322:MIMO
314:3GPP
293:and
291:3.5G
236:3GPP
217:HSPA
160:5.5G
146:4.9G
142:4.5G
120:3.5G
110:2.9G
102:2.5G
79:1.5G
3547:WAN
3517:NGN
3507:LAN
2788:Fax
2729:DCT
2599:LTE
2495:PON
2445:DSL
2315:IMS
2273:LTE
2263:GSM
1923:LTE
1730:GSM
1705:CT2
1700:PHS
1695:PDC
1626:GSM
1613:GSM
1589:CT1
1564:NMT
1514:AMR
1504:ARP
1479:OLT
1464:MTS
810:LTE
647:12
623:11
607:15
601:10
585:15
563:10
541:10
295:3G+
18:3G+
3740::
2108:5G
2085:)
2031:4G
1801:3G
1603:2G
1524:1G
1452:0G
1310:}}
1306:{{
1221:.
1203:.
1173:.
1018:.
1002:6
999:6
988:6
985:5
974:6
971:4
960:6
957:3
946:6
943:2
930:6
927:1
682:.
653:5
650:5
629:5
626:5
604:5
582:5
579:9
560:5
557:8
538:5
535:7
519:5
516:5
513:6
497:5
494:5
491:5
475:5
472:5
469:4
453:5
450:5
447:3
431:5
428:5
425:2
407:5
404:5
401:1
280:3G
228:3G
166:6G
158:,
152:5G
144:,
140:,
134:4G
126:,
122:,
116:3G
108:,
104:,
98:2G
75:1G
70:0G
3674:)
3670:(
2665:e
2658:t
2651:v
2408:e
2401:t
2394:v
2081:(
2058:)
2054:(
1929:)
1925:(
1615:/
1426:e
1419:t
1412:v
1316:)
1302:.
1283:.
1264:.
1232:.
1207:.
1177:.
1159:.
792:(
758:-
674:(
274:(
215:(
201:e
194:t
187:v
162:)
154:(
148:)
136:(
130:)
118:(
112:)
100:(
81:)
77:(
20:)
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