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Materials and textures are properties that the render engine uses to render the model. One can give the model materials to tell the render engine how to treat light when it hits the surface. Textures are used to give the material color using a color or albedo map, or give the surface features using a
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725:. The two basic operations in realistic rendering are transport (how much light gets from one place to another) and scattering (how surfaces interact with light). This step is usually performed using 3-D computer graphics software or a
637:. A polygon is an area formed from at least three vertices (a triangle). A polygon of n points is an n-gon. The overall integrity of the model and its suitability to use in animation depend on the structure of the polygons.
897:. Users can add, subtract, stretch and otherwise change the mesh to their desire. Models can be viewed from a variety of angles, usually simultaneously. Models can be rotated and the view can be zoomed in and out.
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The model describes the process of forming the shape of an object. The two most common sources of 3-D models are those that an artist or engineer originates on the computer with some kind of
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There are many varieties of files supporting 3-D graphics, for example, Wavefront .obj files and .x DirectX files. Each file type generally tends to have its own unique data structure.
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During the 3-D rendering step, the number of reflections "light rays" can take, as well as various other attributes, can be tailored to achieve a desired visual effect. Rendered with
487:, models are rendered into an actual 3-D physical representation of themselves, with some limitations as to how accurately the physical model can match the virtual model.
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Computer aided design software may employ the same fundamental 3-D modeling techniques that 3-D modeling software use but their goal differs. They are used in
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from real-world objects (Polygonal
Modeling, Patch Modeling and NURBS Modeling are some popular tools used in 3-D modeling). Models can also be produced
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3-D modeling starts by describing 3 display models : Drawing Points, Drawing Lines and
Drawing triangles and other Polygonal patches.
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or for stylistic and gameplay concerns. By contrast, games using 3D computer graphics without such restrictions are said to use true 3D.
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in the final rendered display. In computer graphics software, 2-D applications may use 3-D techniques to achieve effects such as
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software is commonly used to match live video with computer-generated video, keeping the two in sync as the camera moves.
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3-D computer graphics, contrary to what the name suggests, are most often displayed on two-dimensional displays. Unlike
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effects are often achieved without wireframe modeling and are sometimes indistinguishable in the final form. Some
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facilities. Some also contain features that support or allow animation of models. Some may be able to generate
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until it is displayed. A model can be displayed visually as a two-dimensional image through a process called
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3-D modeling software is a class of 3-D computer graphics software used to produce 3-D models. Individual
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includes filters that can be applied to 2D vector graphics or 2D raster graphics on transparent layers.
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Each file format can be accessed through their respective applications, such as DirectX files, and
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which typically use completely different methods and formats for creation and rendering.
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of a human face and a hand that had originally appeared in the 1971 experimental short
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graphics, involving restricted projections of three-dimensional environments, such as
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Use of real-time computer graphics engines to create a cinematic production is called
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3-D computer graphics production workflow falls into three basic phases:
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or produces 3-D models for analytic, scientific and industrial purposes.
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types, and other qualities, generate (rasterize the scene into) an image
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and similar techniques, the result is two-dimensional, without visual
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Graphics that use a three-dimensional representation of geometric data
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3-D modelers allow users to create and alter models via their 3-D
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to get photo-realistic images, or by applying an art style as in
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Most 3-D modelers contain a number of related features, such as
655:. This defines spatial relationships between objects, including
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1995:
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3900:"A Beginner's Guide to the Concept of 3D in Computer Graphics"
745:), exclusive 3-D rendering software also exists (e.g., OTOY's
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Before rendering into an image, objects must be laid out in a
581:– the process of forming a computer model of an object's shape
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The objects in 3-D computer graphics are often referred to as
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2167:
2015:
1701:
1567:
3D Computer
Graphics: A Mathematical Introduction with OpenGL
887:
of this class are called modeling applications or modelers.
594:– the computer calculations that, based on light placement,
450:, and similarly, 3-D may use some 2-D rendering techniques.
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3487:
2719:
1739:
1399:"An Historical Timeline of Computer Graphics and Animation"
1148:
1138:
518:
Massachusetts
Institute of Technology's Lincoln Laboratory
3204:
696:. It can be also used to deform the model itself using a
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Not all computer graphics that appear 3D are based on a
520:. One of the first displays of computer animation was
1620:
A Critical
History of Computer Graphics and Animation
1350:
Timeline of computer animation in film and television
1646:- Explains 3D modeling for an illuminated manuscript
717:
converts a model into an image either by simulating
3284:
List of animated television series by episode count
1129:photorealistic effects without the use of filters.
74:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
412:. More often, 3-D graphics are being displayed on
3371:
558:in the late 1970s. The earliest known example is
3920:
1159:, either as a way to improve performance of the
3279:List of animated films by box office admissions
1315:Isometric graphics in video games and pixel art
1027:
430:3-D computer graphics rely on many of the same
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2103:
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1235:3D data acquisition and object reconstruction
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336:
1182:Comparison of 3D computer graphics software
1066:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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2110:
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1125:may also copy or visualize 3D effects and
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158:
1086:Learn how and when to remove this message
737:may perform 3-D rendering as well (e.g.,
682:
134:Learn how and when to remove this message
900:3-D modelers can export their models to
858:List of file formats § 3-D graphics
836:3-D computer graphics software produces
377:representation of geometric data (often
37:For broader coverage of this topic, see
1513:"Retrieving Japanese Apple II programs"
640:
14:
3921:
1255:3D reconstruction from multiple images
985:After producing a video, studios then
980:
3345:
2091:
1679:
1653:
1455:
1198:List of 3D computer graphics software
935:of a series of rendered scenes (i.e.
927:and other rendering alternatives and
479:, or it can be used in non-graphical
471:object; a model is not technically a
3252:Films with live action and animation
2117:
2077:List of computer graphics algorithms
1563:
1064:adding citations to reliable sources
1031:
908:are compatible. Many modelers allow
72:adding citations to reliable sources
43:
32:Computer graphics (computer science)
1738:
1533:
1443:Ivan Sutherland Sketchpad Demo 1963
975:computer-aided architectural design
504:was credited with coining the term
24:
423:3-D graphics stand in contrast to
25:
3965:
2344:Modern TV cable and streaming era
1613:
1519:. neoncluster.com. Archived from
1157:virtual cameras with fixed angles
993:the video using programs such as
30:For the academic discipline, see
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3320:
3311:
3310:
1467:added to National Film Registry"
1325:List of stereoscopic video games
1036:
819:
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781:
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508:in 1961 to describe his work at
48:
3892:
3553:Electric Image Animation System
1584:
1113:. 2D computer graphics with 3D
851:
59:needs additional citations for
1570:. Cambridge University Press.
1564:Buss, Samuel R. (2003-05-19).
1557:
1527:
1505:
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1434:
1416:
1391:
1367:
1218:Reflection (computer graphics)
1105:Still life § 21st century
826:A 3-D rendering of a penthouse
552:3-D computer graphics software
13:
1:
3274:Most expensive animated films
2929:Direct manipulation animation
2580:Barrier-grid and stereography
2034:3D computer graphics software
1630:How Stuff Works - 3D Graphics
1361:
1223:Rendering (computer graphics)
1208:List of 3D rendering software
1177:Glossary of computer graphics
872:
497:History of computer animation
39:Computer graphics workstation
2820:Non-photorealistic rendering
1849:Hidden-surface determination
1636:History of Computer Graphics
1203:List of 3D modeling software
1028:Other types of 3D appearance
967:product lifecycle management
959:computer-aided manufacturing
723:non-photorealistic rendering
703:
7:
3410:GigaMesh Software Framework
2452:International Animation Day
1463:"Pixar founder's Utah-made
1213:Real-time computer graphics
1166:
943:Computer-aided design (CAD)
831:
602:
569:
262:Computer-generated imagery
10:
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2922:Linear Animation Generator
2825:Physically based animation
1245:3D projection on 2D planes
1136:
1102:
1099:Photorealistic 2D graphics
955:computer-aided engineering
946:
876:
855:
838:computer-generated imagery
707:
644:
606:
526:(1976), which included an
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490:
373:, are graphics that use a
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29:
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3175:
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2511:Children's animated films
2460:
2358:
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2133:
2126:
2069:
2024:
1891:
1780:
1710:
1687:
1428:Learning Computer History
753:Examples of 3-D rendering
2420:Animation film festivals
1495:"Brutal Deluxe Software"
1285:Digital image processing
1193:Graphical output devices
1187:Graphics processing unit
533:A Computer Animated Hand
3800:Open Cascade Technology
3242:Twelve basic principles
3162:Instructional animation
2061:Vector graphics editors
2056:Raster graphics editors
1132:
963:Finite element analysis
747:Octane Rendering Engine
679:also specifies motion.
483:and calculations. With
3934:Science fiction themes
2840:Virtual cinematography
2437:Highest-grossing films
2339:Early TV broadcast era
1944:Checkerboard rendering
1640:(Wayback Machine copy)
1375:"3D computer graphics"
683:Materials and textures
246:Virtual cinematography
150:Three-dimensional (3D)
83:"3D computer graphics"
3157:Independent animation
3147:Educational animation
1899:Affine transformation
1878:Surface triangulation
1822:Anisotropic filtering
1517:Projects and Articles
1472:The Salt Lake Tribune
1290:Game development tool
1172:Graphics and software
1001:at the mid-level, or
949:Computer-aided design
764:A 3-D rendering with
749:, Maxon's Redshift)
425:2-D computer graphics
211:Computer-aided design
3944:3D graphics software
3929:3D computer graphics
3373:3D computer graphics
3137:Animated documentary
2969:Whiteboard animation
2862:Traditional puppetry
2506:Adult animated films
2415:Biologist simulators
2378:Animation department
1240:3D motion controller
1119:graphic art software
1060:improve this section
641:Layout and animation
554:began appearing for
481:computer simulations
356:3D computer graphics
68:improve this article
3709:Cyber Studio CAD-3D
3445:Point Cloud Library
3210:Character animation
2990:Character animation
2528:Children's animated
1914:Collision detection
1842:Global illumination
1499:www.brutaldeluxe.fr
1475:. December 28, 2011
1424:"Computer Graphics"
1355:Video game graphics
1305:Geometry processing
1003:Autodesk Combustion
981:Complementary tools
677:physical simulation
631:physical simulation
358:, sometimes called
312:Global illumination
236:Virtual engineering
3704:Autodesk Softimage
3237:Creature animation
3167:Virtual newscaster
3112:Abstract animation
2944:Ink-wash animation
2934:Humanoid animation
2917:Audio-Animatronics
2481:Lost or unfinished
2405:Animation database
2383:Animation director
1964:Scanline rendering
1758:Parallax scrolling
1748:Isometric graphics
1638:series of articles
1430:. 5 December 2004.
1300:Geometry pipelines
1270:Computer animation
1153:isometric graphics
995:Adobe Premiere Pro
669:inverse kinematics
647:Computer animation
538:University of Utah
397:) or displayed in
368:three-dimensional
3939:Computer graphics
3888:
3887:
3773:Core technologies
3523:Blackmagic Fusion
3518:AutoQ3D Community
3339:
3338:
3100:
3099:
3027:Erasure animation
2848:
2847:
2590:Limited animation
2533:Computer-animated
2471:Computer-animated
2393:Animation studios
2354:
2353:
2085:
2084:
2026:Graphics software
1919:Planar projection
1904:Back-face culling
1776:
1775:
1720:Alpha compositing
1681:Computer graphics
1577:978-1-139-44038-7
1330:Medical animation
1250:3D reconstruction
1096:
1095:
1088:
1013:at the high-end.
933:full-motion video
793:-class battleship
788:A 3-D model of a
770:ambient occlusion
506:computer graphics
469:three-dimensional
442:and 2-D computer
375:three-dimensional
370:computer graphics
353:
352:
152:computer graphics
144:
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118:
16:(Redirected from
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3668:Source Filmmaker
3498:Autodesk 3ds Max
3366:
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3343:
3342:
3324:
3314:
3313:
3294:anime franchises
3269:Cartoon violence
3257:highest grossing
3152:Erotic animation
3127:Animated cartoon
2894:Supermarionation
2867:Digital puppetry
2788:Facial animation
2708:
2707:
2568:
2567:
2441:Opening weekends
2131:
2130:
2112:
2105:
2098:
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2011:Volume rendering
1883:Wire-frame model
1736:
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1603:
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1596:Internet Archive
1588:
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1581:
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1555:
1554:
1552:
1551:
1542:. Archived from
1534:Simmons, Bruce.
1531:
1525:
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1502:
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1410:
1401:. Archived from
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1371:
1280:Digital geometry
1091:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1071:
1040:
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823:
807:
785:
761:
739:Autodesk 3ds Max
727:3-D graphics API
698:displacement map
615:3D modeling tool
440:wire-frame model
434:as 2-D computer
345:
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317:Volume rendering
307:Crowd simulation
292:Wire-frame model
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3628:Pixar RenderMan
3593:Medium by Adobe
3513:Autodesk Mudbox
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3183:Animation music
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3122:Adult animation
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1523:on 2016-10-05.
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1007:Digital Fusion
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877:Main article:
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856:Main article:
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840:(CGI) through
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556:home computers
502:William Fetter
495:Main article:
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462:representation
389:but sometimes
383:digital images
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79:Find sources:
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57:This article
55:
51:
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45:
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33:
19:
3907:. Retrieved
3903:
3894:
3878:3D rendering
3820:ShapeManager
3739:Softimage 3D
3623:Pixar Presto
3583:LightWave 3D
3563:Golaem Crowd
3400:CloudCompare
3372:
3289:anime series
3247:Motion comic
3116:visual music
3062:Pose to pose
3037:Inbetweening
3017:Chuckimation
2959:Shadowmation
2912:Animatronics
2813:eye tracking
2793:Morph target
2759:
2745:Multi-sketch
2496:Short series
2410:Art pipeline
2388:Story artist
2334:World War II
2203:South Africa
1991:Shear matrix
1954:Path tracing
1939:Cone tracing
1934:Beam tracing
1854:Polygon mesh
1795:3D rendering
1781:
1644:How 3D Works
1635:
1610:
1599:. Retrieved
1595:
1586:
1566:
1559:
1548:. Retrieved
1544:the original
1539:
1529:
1521:the original
1516:
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1477:. Retrieved
1470:
1464:
1457:
1447:, retrieved
1442:
1436:
1427:
1418:
1407:. Retrieved
1403:the original
1393:
1382:. Retrieved
1379:ScienceDaily
1378:
1369:
1320:Level editor
1228:
1227:
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1082:
1073:
1058:Please help
1046:
1019:
1015:Match moving
984:
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852:File formats
842:3-D modeling
835:
797:flat shading
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710:3D rendering
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627:procedurally
612:
579:3-D modeling
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485:3-D printing
472:
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459:mathematical
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414:3-D displays
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198:Primary uses
167:Fundamentals
149:
130:
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90:
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66:Please help
61:verification
58:
3873:3D modeling
3759:TurboSilver
3382:Open-source
3215:model sheet
3072:Rubber hose
2995:model sheet
2773:Cel shading
2615:Stop motion
2600:Rotoscoping
2572:Traditional
2501:Stop-motion
2447:Outsourcing
2208:South Korea
2188:Philippines
2183:North Korea
2006:Translation
1959:Ray casting
1949:Ray tracing
1827:Cel shading
1801:Image-based
1782:3D graphics
1763:Ray casting
1712:2D graphics
1592:"Machinima"
1345:Stereoscopy
1335:Render farm
1295:Game engine
1265:Cel shading
1260:Anaglyph 3D
1161:game engine
1145:video games
971:3D printing
925:ray tracers
879:3D modeling
776:and YafaRay
766:ray tracing
609:3D modeling
584:Layout and
523:Futureworld
516:program at
221:Video games
3949:3D imaging
3923:Categories
3909:2024-08-22
3848:Comparison
3830:IntelliCAD
3714:Dynamation
3548:Daz Studio
3455:Seamless3d
3220:walk cycle
3087:Syncro-Vox
3000:walk cycle
2904:Mechanical
2830:Procedural
2730:PowerPoint
2683:Puppetoons
2678:Pixilation
2643:silhouette
2632:strata-cut
2623:Claymation
2564:Techniques
2553:Television
2324:Silent Era
2256:Bangladesh
2251:Azerbaijan
2138:Bangladesh
2127:By country
2070:Algorithms
1924:Reflection
1601:2020-07-12
1550:2018-11-30
1479:January 8,
1449:2023-04-25
1409:2009-07-22
1384:2019-01-19
1362:References
1103:See also:
918:plugged-in
694:normal map
665:keyframing
546:Fred Parke
455:3-D models
432:algorithms
416:, like in
385:, usually
287:3D display
124:April 2017
94:newspapers
3805:Parasolid
3795:KernelCAD
3754:TrueSpace
3734:Sculpt 3D
3673:Strata 3D
3578:Kerkythea
3538:Cinema 4D
3420:MakeHuman
3230:off-model
3200:Key frame
3057:Pixel art
3052:Pinscreen
3010:off-model
2954:Scanimate
2872:Machinima
2671:Brickfilm
2659:go motion
2585:Flip book
2119:Animation
2049:rendering
2039:animation
1929:Rendering
1540:MathWords
1047:does not
1022:machinima
991:composite
937:animation
914:exporters
910:importers
791:Dunkerque
715:Rendering
704:Rendering
540:students
528:animation
514:Sketchpad
420:systems.
399:real time
395:animation
391:3D images
387:2D images
379:Cartesian
270:Animation
206:3D models
185:Rendering
3858:Category
3790:HOOPS 3D
3764:VistaPro
3749:Swift 3D
3678:Terragen
3663:SketchUp
3653:Shark 3D
3648:Shade 3D
3618:Paint 3D
3558:E-on Vue
3543:Clara.io
3465:Wings 3D
3440:OpenSCAD
3375:software
3316:Category
3225:lip sync
3105:Variants
3092:Zoetrope
3042:Morphing
3005:lip sync
2985:Blocking
2877:Aniforms
2854:Puppetry
2835:Skeletal
2702:timeline
2693:Computer
2548:Internet
2430:regional
2366:Animator
2359:Industry
2223:Thailand
2193:Portugal
2173:Malaysia
2044:modeling
1971:Rotation
1909:Clipping
1892:Concepts
1871:Deferred
1837:Lighting
1817:Aliasing
1811:Unbiased
1806:Spectral
1340:SIGGRAPH
1310:Graphics
1167:See also
906:metadata
885:programs
873:Modeling
832:Software
735:software
690:bump map
657:location
653:3D scene
635:polygons
623:computer
603:Modeling
570:Overview
564:Apple II
448:lighting
406:3-D film
280:skeletal
275:computer
190:Printing
180:Scanning
175:Modeling
3810:Romulus
3724:N-World
3719:Imagine
3692:Defunct
3638:Remo 3D
3598:Messiah
3588:MASSIVE
3573:Houdini
3568:Hexagon
3533:Carrara
3483:3D-Coat
3450:POV-Ray
3430:MoonRay
3425:MeshLab
3405:FreeCAD
3395:Blender
3331:Outline
2698:history
2649:Graphic
2595:Masking
2486:Package
2311:Ukraine
2281:Hungary
2243:History
2233:Vietnam
2198:Romania
2158:Estonia
2153:Czechia
1976:Scaling
1866:Shading
1536:"n-gon"
1068:removed
1053:sources
774:Blender
743:Blender
629:or via
621:into a
619:scanned
596:surface
491:History
473:graphic
438:in the
364:3-D-CGI
108:scholar
3825:Teigha
3683:ZBrush
3493:Arnold
3435:OpenFX
3326:Portal
2887:Live2D
2803:facial
2768:T-pose
2666:Object
2639:Cutout
2518:Series
2467:Films
2306:Russia
2276:France
2266:Canada
2261:Brazil
2218:Taiwan
2178:Mexico
2143:Bhutan
2121:topics
1996:Shader
1768:Skybox
1753:Mode 7
1725:Layers
1574:
916:to be
812:Cobalt
772:using
671:, and
510:Boeing
110:
103:
96:
89:
81:
3699:Amapi
3633:Poser
3528:Bryce
3142:Anime
2783:Crowd
2725:Flash
2654:Model
2543:Flash
2491:Short
2461:Works
2301:Korea
2296:Japan
2286:India
2271:China
2213:Spain
2168:Japan
2163:India
2148:China
2016:Voxel
2001:Texel
1702:Pixel
1626:copy)
1189:(GPU)
1143:Some
1011:Shake
902:files
867:Quake
410:depth
264:(CGI)
115:JSTOR
101:books
3868:List
3780:ACIS
3658:Silo
3608:Nuke
3603:Modo
3488:AC3D
3082:Sand
2720:2.5D
2398:List
2371:List
2291:Iran
1740:2.5D
1572:ISBN
1481:2012
1465:Hand
1149:2.5D
1147:use
1139:2.5D
1133:2.5D
1051:any
1049:cite
987:edit
973:and
912:and
895:mesh
844:and
768:and
661:size
659:and
544:and
87:news
18:3DCG
3815:RGK
3785:C3D
3205:Cel
2778:CGI
2740:CSS
2735:SVG
1155:or
1062:by
997:or
989:or
939:).
741:or
692:or
466:any
464:of
366:or
360:CGI
70:by
3925::
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2760:3D
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