414:
event was a mining-related earthquake which is a relatively more common occurrence than a natural earthquake in South Africa. Professor Ray
Durrheim, a seismologist at Wits University, said seismic events will continue while there is mining activity in the area, and even long afterwards. He said the flooding of inactive mines could also compound pressure on geological faults, triggering further seismic events. According to Durrheim, the link between mining and earthquakes lies "on a continuum, from where it's purely induced by mining activities to where you are triggering a natural earthquake".
50:
423:
earthquake was difficult to determine given that it occurred in a mining area and the lack of historical seismic data for the area. Ian
Saunders from the CGS confirmed that a team would be sent to the area for further investigation, and Eldridge Kgaswane from the CGS said they should be able to determine the cause within a month. According to Kgaswane, "The fact that the deepest mine shafts are shallower than the epicentre doesn't mean mining can be ruled out as a cause. Blasting in the vicinity of a big fault could have activated seismic activity." On 18 August 2014 at a
29:
361:
381:'s Hartebeesfontein mine in Stilfontein, killing two miners underground and resulting in the closure of the mine. An investigation by the mining regulator following the incident found that it was caused by mining and further seismic events would occur while mining continued. The report on the investigation recommended improvements in seismic monitoring among other things, and some of the recommendations had been implemented before the 2014 earthquake. The USGS recorded a 4.9
440:
598:
was mostly restored, mine management had contacted the mine crew underground by telephone and mine engineers had ensured that the shaft infrastructure was in working order. AngloGold
Ashanti emergency medical staff had treated injured miners, and counsellors had treated some employees for shock. Mining operations at their Great Noligwa and Moab Khotsong mines were subsequently suspended pending safety checks.
57:
614:
was one of the worst affected areas, with more than 600 homes damaged by the earthquake. An aftershock occurred in Khuma in the afternoon of 5 August while residents were assessing the damage to their homes. Three clinics in the North West province were damaged, leading to the closure of two of them.
597:
on 5 August, including 34 who had been injured. All 34 miners were treated for minor injuries, including lacerations, contusions and a broken leg, and discharged from hospital on 6 August. AngloGold
Ashanti management had proceeded with the evacuation after their temporarily interrupted power supply
422:
According to
Michelle Grobbelaar from the CGS, "There's a rule of thumb that if you experience an earthquake with a certain magnitude in the past, you can always expect an earthquake of a similar magnitude in that same area." Grobbelaar and Denver Birch, also from the CGS, said that the cause of the
413:
system, which is being pulled apart by a few millimetres annually." He says "earthquakes are caused by a slip on a fault line and the release of stored elastic energy" and mining activity could have triggered the earthquake. Kijko and
Hartnady believe that – unlike the 1969 Tulbagh earthquake – this
376:
While earthquakes are uncommon in South Africa in general, the earthquake occurred in a mining belt where earthquakes are relatively common. The CGS had described a 2005 earthquake with a magnitude of 5.3 on the
Richter scale in the same area as Orkney as "the largest mining-related earthquake in
630:
had received 11 claims. A survey of 17 insurance companies done by finance website
Justmoney showed that 5 out of the 17 companies surveyed would reject insurance claims related to the earthquake if it was proven to be mining-related. In a response to the Survey, ABSA, who was on the list of 5,
661:
promised residents that all who were affected by the earthquake would receive help. Mahumapelo said that counselling, social relief and temporary accommodation were being provided, and that the buildings and infrastructure damaged in the earthquake might take years to repair. The
1267:
686:, which were needed to assess the structural damage caused to the houses. Several families affected by the earthquake moved to a community centre while waiting for their houses to be repaired after affected families were instructed to move to safer locations.
864:
652:, to undertake underground inspections to ensure no miners were trapped and the working conditions were safe for miners. AngloGold Ashanti denied responsibility for the earthquake, saying it occurred away from its mining infrastructure.
765:
681:
expressed its concern for the residents of Khuma as repairs to their homes were delayed and had not yet commenced. Provincial government spokesperson, Bonolo
Mohlakoana said that construction was delayed partly due to a lack of
1271:
989:
351:
on 5 August and 31 aftershocks on 6 August, with a magnitude of 1.0 to 3.8 on the
Richter scale. According to the CGS, the earthquake is the biggest mining-related earthquake in South African history.
868:
639:
The CGS warned that aftershocks were expected in the days following the earthquake and they could possibly continue for months. They recommended that buildings be evacuated in the event of an aftershock. The
1174:
405:'s Natural Hazard Centre, mining can activate natural faults. He believes that more than 90% of South Africa's earthquakes are caused by mining, especially around the areas of Klerksdorp, Carletonville and
1654:
585:
spokesperson said that miners had reportedly been trapped in 11 mine shafts at a mine in Orkney; however, subsequent inspections revealed that the miners at that location were safe. All 3,300
769:
2073:
1371:
1036:
1476:
1302:
1967:
2038:
1725:
2136:
993:
1906:
2170:
1333:
1102:
606:
There was extensive damage to buildings in Orkney and the surrounding areas, partly due to inadequate building construction vulnerable to earthquake damage. The Khuma
401:
While both mining activity and natural faults could be causative factors, it is difficult to establish a precise cause. According to Professor Andrzej Kijko from the
2323:
1209:
964:
2292:
2200:
1178:
1442:
3247:
2428:
2005:
1632:
1507:
897:
2489:
926:
431:, the CGS confirmed that the earthquake was caused by mining-related activity, making it the biggest ever mining-related earthquake recorded in South Africa.
2222:
1925:
2103:
1152:
1786:
618:
In the days following the earthquake, most of South Africa's major banks and insurance companies had begun receiving insurance claims. By 6 August 2014,
1006:
The Seismology Unit of the Council for Geoscience uses the Richter Scale, also known as the local magnitude scale, to determine the size of earthquakes.
2511:
1817:
1245:
1662:
1401:
1847:
1468:
2909:
169:
2065:
1717:
1363:
666:
started the North West Disaster Relief Fund to help residents affected by the earthquake. Teams were sent to investigate damage to parts of the
1397:
641:
486:
424:
2459:
2580:
1755:
49:
2552:
663:
2262:
1568:
1028:
3262:
1538:
1094:
738:
1072:
837:
2398:
1599:
2315:
1201:
956:
3252:
1294:
807:
1955:
1434:
2030:
1997:
2128:
3257:
1499:
667:
2345:
2192:
1902:
582:
2162:
1325:
2095:
1880:
3242:
2741:
2371:
1778:
1695:
234:
3115:
2902:
700:
470:
320:
2284:
85:
2420:
1624:
2832:
2573:
893:
2724:
2481:
918:
99:
2230:
1933:
3150:
3061:
2666:
1963:
833:
734:
615:
Two schools were damaged and some pupils were unable to attend classes as the classrooms were too badly damaged.
490:
364:
340:
33:
2895:
1144:
509:
The earthquake was felt as far as 600 km (370 mi) from Orkney. It was felt in neighbouring countries
3237:
3109:
542:
2519:
1809:
1237:
3174:
3091:
2566:
501:
on 5 August and 31 aftershocks on 6 August, with a magnitude of 1.0 to 3.8 on the Richter scale.
3138:
1393:
2595:
2592:
2589:
695:
594:
450:
300:
278:
259:
1839:
644:'s chief inspector of mines David Msiza asked mining companies in affected areas, including Klerksdorp,
3192:
3156:
3144:
3025:
2876:
2792:
2701:
829:
730:
631:
affirmed that they have received approximately 1100 claims and were in the process of finalising them.
494:
344:
74:
530:
3232:
3162:
2984:
2978:
2930:
2747:
2707:
2609:
3210:
3204:
3198:
3168:
3067:
3055:
2849:
2695:
2672:
2643:
2451:
1747:
3103:
3085:
3043:
3013:
2942:
2786:
2780:
2689:
2660:
1143:
Hosken, Graeme; Smillie, Shaun; Child, Katharine; Louw, Poppy; Masombuka, Sipho (6 August 2014).
671:
607:
336:
2548:
2252:
1560:
91:
3132:
3079:
3073:
3031:
3007:
3001:
2960:
2954:
2826:
2764:
2626:
534:
402:
104:
1530:
3097:
3019:
2972:
2948:
1875:
1062:
678:
655:
619:
2390:
1591:
3049:
3037:
2966:
2809:
130:
36:
799:
561:
in Mozambique were also evacuated. The Meteorological Services of Zimbabwe confirmed that
8:
3180:
2936:
683:
590:
578:
458:
443:
308:
577:
man Leshomo Makhaola, who died when a wall of an old mining house collapsed on him in
586:
553:
unit, the earthquake was felt in Durban because "the beach sand tends to amplify the
410:
658:
382:
252:
627:
1870:
1687:
378:
674:
sent its condolences to the family of the man who was killed by the earthquake.
28:
360:
3226:
645:
623:
554:
478:
386:
328:
271:
184:
171:
146:
526:
481:
by the Council for Geoscience (CGS) in South Africa, making it the biggest
474:
331:
by the Council for Geoscience (CGS) in South Africa, making it the biggest
324:
204:
2558:
611:
462:
312:
2887:
409:. According to Hartnady, "This part of Africa is in the vicinity of the
649:
550:
549:
were evacuated. According to Michelle Grobbelaar, manager of the CGS's
522:
498:
482:
466:
348:
332:
316:
220:
134:
865:"Today, the third day after the earthquake, the aftershocks continue"
514:
454:
390:
304:
212:
439:
1364:"More than 90% of SA seismic events are mining related – professor"
562:
538:
510:
428:
208:
1200:
Templeton, Alameen; Tau, Poloko; Ancer, Jonathan (23 March 2005).
1029:"AngloGold Rejects Blame for Quake Even as Scientists Await Proof"
574:
518:
216:
558:
546:
406:
16:
Magnitude 5.5 earthquake near Orkney, Klerksdorp, South Africa
2066:"Safety protocols worked in quake evacuation says Anglogold"
2455:
2257:
1268:"Media Update: 5.5 magnitude earthquake – tremors continue"
1067:
377:
South Africa". The earthquake occurred on 9 March 2005 at
533:
and the Lebohang building, as well as tall buildings and
489:, which had a magnitude of 6.3 on the Richter scale. The
339:, which had a magnitude of 6.3 on the Richter scale. The
2544:
1561:"Update: Cause of the earthquake difficult to determine"
1956:"Miners trapped after 5.3 earthquake hits South Africa"
2512:"Govt abandoned us after earthquake – Khuma residents"
1295:"Expert team to tackle SA mining's seismic challenges"
1142:
389:
consultant Dr Chris Hartnady believes may have been a
2031:"34 Miners discharged from hospital after earthquake"
1926:"Cabinet sends condolences to family of quake victim"
593:
near Orkney had been brought to the surface by 19:30
2866:
indicates earthquake resulting in at least 30 deaths
2421:"Disaster relief fund to assist earthquake victims"
2346:"South African insurers won't pay for quake damage"
1529:Kubheka, Thando; Kalenga, Aurelie (6 August 2014).
477:. The shock was assigned a magnitude of 5.5 on the
385:earthquake on 15 June 2014 in the same area, which
327:. The shock was assigned a magnitude of 5.5 on the
1625:"Quake kills one and injures multiple mineworkers"
497:of 5.0 km (3.1 mi). The CGS reported 84
347:of 5.0 km (3.1 mi). The CGS reported 84
2129:"Relief fund opened for North West quake victims"
1199:
3224:
859:
857:
855:
3248:History of North West (South African province)
2872:indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year
2452:"Fear grips Orkney community after earthquake"
2253:"Three North West clinics damaged in SA quake"
1903:"Man rescued from collapsed house after quake"
1528:
425:Council for Scientific and Industrial Research
2903:
2574:
1655:"Miners treated for injuries following quake"
1326:"Study calls for improved seismic monitoring"
852:
830:"M4.9 – 8km E of Orkney, South Africa (BETA)"
2223:"Earthquake aftershock hits Orkney township"
1688:"Earthquake shakes South Africa killing one"
1231:
1229:
1227:
589:miners underground at its Great Noligwa and
39:illustrating the intensity of the earthquake
2588:
2163:"Insurers brace for a wave of quake claims"
2060:
2058:
2056:
1996:Cokayne, Roy; Faku, Dineo (6 August 2014).
1995:
1469:"Quake triggered by mine activity – expert"
1095:"More tremors rock Stilfontein after quake"
1063:"Disaster teams out in full after SA quake"
984:
982:
2910:
2896:
2581:
2567:
2313:
2025:
2023:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1776:
1235:
1202:"DRDGold 'doing the dirty' to Stilfontein"
1056:
1054:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
27:
2917:
2518:. SAPA. 23 September 2014. Archived from
2156:
2154:
2123:
2121:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1497:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1224:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
913:
911:
909:
907:
793:
791:
789:
787:
573:There was a single fatality, 31-year-old
417:
2053:
1868:
1500:"Quake possibly linked to mining – prof"
1462:
1460:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
979:
888:
886:
731:"M5.4 – 3km ENE of Orkney, South Africa"
438:
371:
359:
2285:"Pupils miss class due to quake damage"
2193:"Residents scramble as aftershock hits"
2020:
1982:
1682:
1680:
1060:
1051:
1026:
1011:
950:
948:
946:
944:
797:
766:"5.5 Magnitude Quake hits South Africa"
668:Dr Kenneth Kaunda District Municipality
3225:
2388:
2160:
2151:
2118:
1913:
1718:"Quake empties Bloem's tall buildings"
1589:
1361:
1348:
1292:
1117:
904:
784:
725:
723:
721:
719:
717:
715:
2891:
2562:
2449:
1840:"SA earthquake big, but not uncommon"
1619:
1617:
1466:
1457:
1416:
1374:from the original on 22 December 2015
1236:le Cordeur, Matthew (6 August 2014).
954:
883:
760:
758:
756:
1998:"Miners, markets survive earthquake"
1930:South African Government News Agency
1909:from the original on 10 August 2014.
1871:"Zimbabwe: SA Earthquake – Zim Safe"
1807:
1677:
1323:
941:
900:from the original on 10 August 2014.
565:was not affected by the earthquake.
449:The earthquake occurred at 12:22:33
2492:from the original on 6 October 2014
2462:from the original on 19 August 2014
2389:Mosamo, Sebabatso (6 August 2014).
2326:from the original on 14 August 2014
2314:Molosankwe, Botho (7 August 2014).
2295:from the original on 10 August 2014
2173:from the original on 19 August 2014
2139:from the original on 10 August 2014
2106:from the original on 26 August 2014
2041:from the original on 10 August 2014
2008:from the original on 26 August 2014
1850:from the original on 10 August 2014
1820:from the original on 19 August 2014
1789:from the original on 14 August 2014
1635:from the original on 16 August 2014
1602:from the original on 10 August 2014
1590:Mosamo, Sebabatso (6 August 2014).
1541:from the original on 10 August 2014
1510:from the original on 19 August 2014
1479:from the original on 14 August 2014
1445:from the original on 14 August 2014
1404:from the original on 7 January 2015
1248:from the original on 12 August 2014
1212:from the original on 19 August 2014
1155:from the original on 19 August 2014
1105:from the original on 19 August 2014
1039:from the original on 19 August 2014
929:from the original on 12 August 2014
919:"Quake injures 34 AngloGold miners"
840:from the original on 16 August 2014
810:from the original on 19 August 2014
712:
701:List of earthquakes in South Africa
13:
3263:August 2014 events in South Africa
2545:International Seismological Centre
2482:"IFP concerned over quake victims"
2431:from the original on 9 August 2014
2401:from the original on 8 August 2014
2391:"Cause of SA earthquake uncertain"
2265:from the original on 8 August 2014
2203:from the original on 7 August 2014
1970:from the original on 8 August 2014
1883:from the original on 8 August 2014
1832:
1758:from the original on 9 August 2014
1728:from the original on 8 August 2014
1698:from the original on 8 August 2014
1614:
1592:"Cause of SA Earthquake Uncertain"
1571:from the original on 7 August 2014
1531:"Earthquake: Aftershocks Imminent"
1498:Wakefield, Adam (18 August 2014).
1075:from the original on 8 August 2014
967:from the original on 8 August 2014
753:
741:from the original on 8 August 2014
396:
14:
3274:
2875:Times for all earthquakes are in
2537:
2096:"Mining to blame for major quake"
1869:Chikwati, Elita (6 August 2014).
1777:Rondganger, Lee (6 August 2014).
1748:"SA earthquake claims first life"
1467:Seale, Lebogang (6 August 2014).
1394:"Earthquakes – mining or nature?"
1362:Kolver, Leandi (18 August 2014).
1336:from the original on 4 March 2016
1305:from the original on 4 March 2016
1293:Mawson, Nicola (9 October 2005).
1027:Crowley, Kevin (11 August 2014).
798:Bateman, Barry (18 August 2014).
504:
3253:Mining disasters in South Africa
2450:Sello, Lenyaro (6 August 2014).
2372:"Absa: We do cover quake damage"
2161:Shevel, Adele (10 August 2014).
2076:from the original on 4 July 2015
1324:Webb, Mariaan (21 August 2006).
957:"Quake measured 5.5: SA council"
955:Raaff, Miranda (5 August 2014).
800:"SA earthquake was mine-related"
664:North West provincial government
55:
48:
2725:Aleutian Islands, United States
2504:
2474:
2443:
2413:
2382:
2364:
2338:
2316:"Claims pouring in after quake"
2307:
2277:
2245:
2229:. 5 August 2014. Archived from
2215:
2185:
2088:
1964:South African Press Association
1948:
1932:. 7 August 2014. Archived from
1905:. News24. SAPA. 5 August 2014.
1895:
1862:
1808:Coan, Stephen (6 August 2014).
1801:
1779:"Quake sets off ripple of fear"
1770:
1740:
1710:
1661:. 5 August 2014. Archived from
1647:
1583:
1553:
1522:
1491:
1386:
1317:
1286:
1260:
1193:
1167:
1145:"Quake of shaky things to come"
1087:
1061:Gifford, Gill (5 August 2014).
834:United States Geological Survey
735:United States Geological Survey
525:. The two tallest buildings in
491:United States Geological Survey
367:seismicity map for South Africa
341:United States Geological Survey
227:
3258:2014 disasters in South Africa
822:
56:
1:
1435:"Brace for more quake shakes"
706:
568:
543:South African Revenue Service
1238:"Did mining cause SA quake?"
1175:"The Stilfontein Earthquake"
626:had received 129 claims and
7:
3243:Earthquakes in South Africa
1810:"Why Durban felt the quake"
894:"More aftershocks expected"
696:List of earthquakes in 2014
689:
634:
453:on 5 August 2014, with the
10:
3279:
2644:La Habra, California, U.S.
677:On 30 September 2014, the
485:in South Africa since the
335:in South Africa since the
3125:
2994:
2923:
2859:
2842:
2819:
2802:
2757:
2734:
2717:
2682:
2653:
2636:
2619:
2602:
896:. News24. 6 August 2014.
670:by the municipality. The
622:had received 200 claims,
601:
434:
285:
266:
247:
226:
200:
163:
159:5.0 km (3.1 mi)
155:
141:
125:
110:
97:
84:
73:
44:
26:
2850:Kangding, Sichuan, China
2708:Yingjiang, Yunnan, China
355:
2627:Yutian, Xinjiang, China
2291:. SAPA. 6 August 2014.
2135:. SAPA. 7 August 2014.
2037:. SAPA. 6 August 2014.
1846:. SAPA. 5 August 2014.
1724:. SAPA. 5 August 2014.
1441:. SAPA. 6 August 2014.
925:. SAPA. 6 August 2014.
672:Cabinet of South Africa
487:1969 Tulbagh earthquake
337:1969 Tulbagh earthquake
114:5 August 2014
2793:Napa, California, U.S.
2610:Eketahuna, New Zealand
2352:. SAPA. 27 August 2014
1101:. SAPA. 9 March 2005.
535:University of Pretoria
446:
418:Council for Geoscience
403:University of Pretoria
368:
303:on 5 August, with the
297:2014 Orkney earthquake
22:2014 Orkney earthquake
2918:Earthquakes in Africa
2833:Intipuca, El Salvador
2827:Jinggu, Yunnan, China
2765:Ludian, Yunnan, China
2748:Alaska, United States
1270:. CGS. Archived from
1177:. CGS. Archived from
992:. CGS. Archived from
867:. CGS. Archived from
768:. CGS. Archived from
679:Inkatha Freedom Party
656:Premier of North West
442:
372:Historical seismicity
363:
299:occurred at 12:22:33
3238:2014 in South Africa
3151:2005 Lake Tanganyika
3062:1969 Sharm El Sheikh
2775:Orkney, South Africa
684:structural engineers
628:Mutual & Federal
3116:1999 Aïn Témouchent
2937:1624 Fez earthquake
2593:Earthquakes in 2014
1844:Mail & Guardian
591:Moab Khotsong mines
541:and offices of the
493:(USGS) estimated a
343:(USGS) estimated a
185:26.9717°S 26.7094°E
181: /
80:2014-08-05 10:22:33
23:
3110:1995 Gulf of Aqaba
2810:Cusco Region, Peru
2667:Managua, Nicaragua
2553:authoritative data
2522:on 21 October 2014
2102:. 19 August 2014.
1400:. 25 August 2014.
579:Kanana, North West
447:
444:Orkney, North West
427:(CSIR) seminar in
369:
21:
3220:
3219:
2885:
2884:
2690:Mae Lao, Thailand
2427:. 6 August 2014.
2378:. 28 August 2014.
2261:. 6 August 2014.
2233:on 10 August 2014
2199:. 5 August 2014.
2072:. 7 August 2014.
1966:. 5 August 2014.
1936:on 11 August 2014
1754:. 5 August 2014.
1694:. 5 August 2014.
1665:on 14 August 2014
1631:. 6 August 2014.
1567:. 5 August 2014.
1565:Sandton Chronicle
1274:on 14 August 2014
1181:on 19 August 2014
996:on 14 August 2014
871:on 19 August 2014
772:on 12 August 2014
587:AngloGold Ashanti
531:CR Swart Building
411:East African Rift
293:
292:
289:1 dead 34 injured
281:on 5 August 2014
190:-26.9717; 26.7094
3270:
3233:2014 earthquakes
3175:2010 Beni-Ilmane
3092:1990 South Sudan
2985:1856 Middle East
2912:
2905:
2898:
2889:
2888:
2781:Cayambe, Ecuador
2742:Mexico–Guatemala
2673:Guerrero, Mexico
2583:
2576:
2569:
2560:
2559:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2219:
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659:Supra Mahumapelo
642:mining regulator
557:". Buildings in
469:district in the
383:moment magnitude
319:district in the
262:on 15 June 2014
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3193:2015 South Kivu
3157:2006 Mozambique
3145:2004 Al Hoceima
3121:
3026:1955 Alexandria
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2696:Sindh, Pakistan
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2649:
2632:
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2598:
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2555:for this event.
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2029:
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2011:
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2002:Business Report
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1983:
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397:Expert opinions
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207:, also felt in
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126:Local time
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3160:
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3139:2003 Boumerdès
3136:
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3205:2017 Botswana
3203:
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3199:2016 Tanzania
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3084:
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3068:1980 El Asnam
3066:
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3060:
3057:
3056:1969 Portugal
3054:
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2852:(5.9, Nov 22)
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2841:
2835:(7.3, Oct 14)
2834:
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2828:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2818:
2812:(4.9, Sep 28)
2811:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2795:(6.0, Aug 24)
2794:
2791:
2789:(6.2, Aug 18)
2788:
2787:Murmuri, Iran
2785:
2783:(5.1, Aug 12)
2782:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2750:(6.0, Jul 25)
2749:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2727:(7.9, Jun 23)
2726:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2716:
2710:(5.6, May 24)
2709:
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2704:(6.9, May 24)
2703:
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2697:
2694:
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2687:
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2674:
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2668:
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2659:
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2656:
2652:
2646:(5.1, Mar 29)
2645:
2642:
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2639:
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2629:(6.9, Feb 12)
2628:
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2622:
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2612:(6.1, Jan 20)
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2100:Pretoria News
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1368:Mining Weekly
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1330:Mining Weekly
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646:Carletonville
643:
632:
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624:Standard Bank
621:
616:
613:
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584:
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566:
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560:
556:
555:ground motion
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529:, the former
528:
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479:Richter scale
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387:earth science
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87:
83:
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72:
51:
43:
38:
35:
30:
25:
19:
3211:2023 Morocco
3186:
3169:2009 Karonga
3126:21st century
3104:1994 Mascara
3086:1989 Chenoua
3044:1969 Tulbagh
3014:1921 Massawa
2995:20th century
2961:1761 Morocco
2943:1716 Algiers
2869:
2863:
2829:(6.0, Oct 7)
2777:(5.5, Aug 5)
2774:
2768:
2767:(6.1, Aug 3
2744:(6.9, Jul 7)
2698:(4.5, May 8)
2692:(6.1, May 5)
2663:(8.2, Apr 1)
2549:bibliography
2524:. Retrieved
2520:the original
2515:
2506:
2494:. Retrieved
2485:
2476:
2464:. Retrieved
2445:
2433:. Retrieved
2424:
2415:
2403:. Retrieved
2394:
2384:
2375:
2366:
2354:. Retrieved
2349:
2340:
2328:. Retrieved
2319:
2309:
2297:. Retrieved
2288:
2279:
2267:. Retrieved
2256:
2247:
2235:. Retrieved
2231:the original
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258:at 16:16:25
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205:South Africa
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3187:2014 Orkney
3133:2002 Kalehe
3080:1989 Malawi
3074:1983 Guinea
3032:1960 Agadir
3008:1915 Asmara
3002:1913 Asmara
2955:1755 Meknes
2516:The Citizen
2035:The Sowetan
1814:The Witness
1629:Mining News
990:"Intensity"
612:Stilfontein
499:aftershocks
495:focal depth
463:gold mining
349:aftershocks
345:focal depth
313:gold mining
267:Aftershocks
188: /
88: event
3227:Categories
3181:2011 Nabro
3098:1992 Cairo
3020:1954 Chlef
2973:1825 Blida
2949:1754 Cairo
2924:Historical
2702:Aegean Sea
2526:17 October
2350:Times Live
2227:City Press
1876:The Herald
1783:Daily News
1149:Times LIVE
745:16 October
707:References
650:Rustenburg
569:Casualties
551:seismology
523:Mozambique
483:earthquake
471:North West
467:Klerksdorp
333:earthquake
321:North West
317:Klerksdorp
286:Casualties
248:Foreshocks
221:Mozambique
176:26°42′34″E
173:26°58′18″S
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3038:1963 Marj
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2967:1790 Oran
2803:September
2496:4 October
2466:16 August
2356:28 August
2177:15 August
2110:22 August
2012:18 August
1854:15 August
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537:halls in
515:Swaziland
455:epicentre
391:foreshock
305:epicentre
230:intensity
213:Swaziland
164:Epicenter
142:Magnitude
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129:12:22:33
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2843:November
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2488:. SAPA.
2460:Archived
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2322:. SAPA.
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635:Response
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563:Zimbabwe
539:Pretoria
511:Botswana
429:Pretoria
236:MMI VI (
209:Botswana
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2933:(≥ 7.0)
2820:October
2603:January
2551:and/or
575:Mosotho
519:Lesotho
379:DRDGOLD
217:Lesotho
116: (
2758:August
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1960:News24
602:Damage
559:Maputo
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435:Impact
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