174:
2091:
line with their national share of the second votes. Additional overhang seats, or balance seats, are created to ensure that the distribution of the seats reflects the parties' share of the second votes and that no party receives fewer than its guaranteed minimum number of seats. Balance seats are also necessary to ensure that each party requires roughly the same number of second votes per seat. Once the number of seats which each party is entitled to receive across the country has been determined, the seats are allocated to the parties' individual state lists. Each state list must receive at least as many seats as the number of constituencies which the party won in the state in question.
415:
189:
553:
2344:
4002:
4230:
4078:
3736:
3774:
4116:
2211:
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then determined. This is done by calculating, for each party state list, the number of constituency seats it won on the basis of the first votes, as well as the number of seats to which it is entitled on the basis of the second votes. The higher of these two figures is the party's minimum number of seats in that state. Adding together the minimum number of seats to which the party is entitled in all of the states produces a total representing its guaranteed minimum number of seats in the country as a whole.
2168:, who leads a survivor group, saying: "What happened at the concentration camps was and continues to be incomprehensible." Merkel also warning of a rising tide of antisemitism and racism as a threat to democracy in Europe. Her visit was welcomed by residents of the town due to its historic nature but was also suggested as a vote ploy ahead of the election. She also campaigned on Germany's unemployment record that fell to a two-decade low during her premiership, progress towards a balanced budget, and the
4268:
2401:
400:
204:
2103:) play a very important role in election campaigns, their office is not regulated in any law, and it is up to each party to determine how, and if at all, to name a chancellor-candidate. The SPD names a chancellor-candidate, while the CDU and the CSU name a common one. The smaller Bundestag parties (the FDP, the Left, and the Greens) usually do not name a chancellor-candidate as it is very improbable for such a candidate to actually be elected chancellor. They instead name one or two persons (
643:
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negotiations that culminated in an all-night session 27–28 November, the CDU/CSU reached agreement with the SPD to form a new coalition government. Issues resolved in the talks included the planned introduction of a minimum hourly wage of €8.50 in 2015 and no new taxes. The deal depended on approval by the SPD rank and file, with a poll set for 6 December. On 14 December, 76% of the SPD's members voted for the coalition to go ahead. The
3926:
3812:
4192:
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6811:
1800:
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27:
2315:
538:
530:
495:
487:
367:
359:
351:
306:
298:
290:
135:
121:
2107:) who are to become the faces of that party's campaign. Although there is nearly no chance for them to win seats in the Bundestag, especially due to the required minimum quota of votes required to be granted any seats, and much less have their candidate become chancellor, fringe parties sometimes name a chancellor-candidate, such as the Bürgerrechtsbewegung Solidarität with its chancellor-candidate
2017:). Article 39 of the Basic Law states that the Bundestag shall be elected between 46 and 48 months after the beginning of the legislative period. As the 17th Bundestag convened on 27 October 2009, the election was scheduled between 27 August and 27 October 2013. To avoid school holidays, a date in late September is usually chosen; this made 15 or 22 September 2013 the most likely dates. The
5275:; however, the SPD executive voted to enter coalition talks with the proviso that they would seek a vote from their membership before making a final agreement on entering a coalition. The Greens were open to coalition talks with the CDU/CSU, but CSU leaders said they opposed a coalition with the Greens. The Greens announced they would not consider going into coalition with the Left.
5278:
Formal talks began in the first week of
October when Merkel met SPD leaders on 4 October. She said: "Europe is watching us, the world is watching us. We have the common responsibility to build a stable government." She also planned to hold talks with the Greens the following week. After five weeks of
5270:
government, since the FDP lost all its seats. Many SPD insiders did not want to work with The Left. One day after the election, Merkel announced that she had already spoken with the SPD but would not rule out other possibilities. An opinion poll conducted shortly after the election showed that 65% of
2135:
denied interest in the candidacy. Gabriel, Steinmeier, and
Steinbrück all had a bad electoral record, as they all had led their party into painful defeats in state or general elections. Gabriel and Steinbrück lost their inherited minister-president offices in 2003 and 2005, and Steinmeier failed as a
2051:
was not affected. The changes were due by 30 June 2011 but appropriate legislation was not completed by that deadline. A new electoral law was enacted in late 2011 but was declared unconstitutional once again by the
Federal Constitutional Court upon lawsuits from the opposition parties and a group of
2114:
While a sitting chancellor is usually named chancellor-candidate for his or her own party, the main opposition party's process to determine their chancellor-candidate differs. Most times, such a person is determined in an inner party circle and then anointed in a party convention. As the CDU/CSU is
2086:
In the distribution of seats among state lists, only parties that have obtained at least five percent of the valid second votes cast in the electoral area or have won a seat in at least three constituencies are taken into consideration. The minimum number of seats for each party at federal level is
2082:
method is used to convert the votes into seats, in a two-stage process with each stage involving two calculations. First, the number of seats to be allocated to each state is calculated, based on the proportion of the German population living there. Then the seats in each state are allocated to the
2090:
In order to ensure that each party receives its guaranteed minimum number of seats when the seats are allocated using the Sainte-Laguë/Schepers method, it may become necessary to increase the number of seats in the
Bundestag. Then it must be ensured that the seats are distributed to the parties in
2148:
took the step of mentioning that Greece would need a third bailout. This was in stark contrast to his colleagues who had refrained from making such measures in light of the election, in particularly following Merkel's dismissal of a potential future bailout. In reaction to the statement and the
2383:, failed to pass the 5% threshold. It also failed to win any directly elected seats, as it has not won any directly elected seats since 1990, shutting it out of the Bundestag altogether for the first time in the party's history. A new Eurosceptic party,
2172:'s advantages for Germany's exports. There were questions asked about her legacy and a potential heir to the party leadership. Campaigning in the "hot phase" ended on 21 September, as Merkel appealed to voters to support her against
2295:. August 2013 opinion polls suggested that the CDU/CSU and the FDP (black–yellow coalition) would be just short of or just above an absolute majority, rather than the SPD and Greens (red–green coalition), partners in
5361:
5949:
6683:
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1115:
1110:
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2131:, former minister-president of Nordrhein-Westfalen and former federal minister of Finance, were quasi-official contenders for the candidacy, incumbent Nordrhein-Westfalen minister-president
2067:, to ensure full proportionality according to the political party's share of party votes at the national level. The Bundestag approved and enacted the new electoral reform in February 2013.
6504:
5358:
Jungherr, Andreas, Harald Schoen, and Pascal Jürgens. "The mediation of politics through
Twitter: An analysis of messages posted during the campaign for the German federal election 2013."
6127:
5581:
557:
The left side shows constituency winners of the election by their party colours. The right side shows party list winners of the election for the additional members by their party colours.
5893:
6010:
6585:
5505:
2047:, namely losing seats due to more votes, violated the constitutional guarantee of the electoral system being equal and direct. The court allowed three years for these changes, so the
2184:
A 90-minute televised debate between the lead candidates of the CDU/CSU and the SPD, the two leading contenders, was held on 1 September. The smaller-party top-ranking candidates
2055:
Four of the five factions in the
Bundestag agreed on an electoral reform whereby the number of seats in the Bundestag will be increased as much as necessary to ensure that any
7314:
6232:
1632:
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was not challenged as chancellor-candidate. In the SPD, the situation was a bit less clear, as there were four candidates in the discussion. While the party chairman
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1953:. The SPD leadership conducted a ratification vote by their broader membership before the agreement was made final. The grand coalition was renewed after the
6777:
6546:
2205:
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1587:
899:
108:
6737:
6673:
5708:
2036:, members of the Bundestag shall be elected in general, direct, free, equal, and secret elections; everyone over the age of eighteen is entitled to vote.
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Zeh, Reimar, and
Christina Holtz-Bacha. "Internet, Social Medie Use and Political Participation in the 2013 Parliamentary Election in Germany." in
1772:
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Faas, Thorsten. "The German federal election of 2013: Merkel’s triumph, the disappearance of the liberal party, and yet another grand coalition."
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2010:
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1506:
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Berbuir, Nicole, Marcel
Lewandowsky, and Jasmin Siri. "The AfD and its sympathisers: Finally a right-wing populist movement in Germany?."
7291:
6959:
6834:
3694:
2308:
2214:
15-point average trend line of poll results from 2 October 2009 to 22 September 2013, with each line corresponding to a political party.
1356:
1231:
956:
6799:
7444:
6839:
5367:
Kayser, Mark
Andreas, and Arndt Leininger. "A Predictive Test of Voters' Economic Benchmarking: The 2013 German Bundestag Election."
2779:
1910:
in what was their worst showing ever in a federal election, denying them seats in the
Bundestag for the first time in their history.
1236:
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5384:
Selb, Peter, and Simon Munzert. "Forecasting the 2013 German Bundestag election using many polls and historical election results."
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chancellor-candidate in 2009. On 28 September 2012, the party announced that Steinbrück would be the SPD's chancellor-candidate.
2040:
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1827:
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6929:
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4798:
4363:
3175:
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2283:
In Germany, there are regular opinion polls during the whole of the legislative period. Germany's major polling agencies are
1974:
1883:
1757:
1721:
1346:
1326:
78:
73:
6807:
5391:
Wüst, Andreas M. "Immigration into Politics: Immigrant-origin candidates and their success in the 2013 Bundestag election."
7256:
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announced his withdrawal from top politics and his intention to focus on his ordinary tasks as a member of parliament.
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243:
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3109:
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2581:
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2352:
1978:
1887:
1847:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1341:
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1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
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1181:
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1089:
1084:
1079:
1007:
722:
7394:
7246:
7226:
6924:
6772:
6336:
3664:
2043:. The court had found a provision in the Federal Election Law by which it was possible for a party to experience a
1766:
1617:
1321:
806:
6427:
3437:
1567:
7281:
7241:
7231:
7109:
5562:
5267:
2614:
2376:
2239:
1982:
1926:
1903:
584:
453:
7304:
7251:
6792:
5692:
5396:
1907:
1716:
1637:
811:
727:
6459:
5422:
Gysi was the leading candidate on a list of 8 top candidates appointed by the party congress. The others were
5345:
3723:
6033:
5798:
3293:
3010:
6395:
6362:
5372:
1925:, did not have enough seats for a majority, the only possible coalition without the CDU/CSU was a left-wing
7384:
7074:
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7064:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
6939:
6934:
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6829:
5859:
5284:
5263:
2368:
2048:
1970:
1958:
1954:
1922:
1918:
1899:
1867:
1840:
1744:
1700:
1675:
1656:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1336:
1331:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1051:
982:
942:
859:
58:
41:
3234:
7389:
6844:
2812:
2060:
1695:
1680:
1241:
1031:
552:
6065:
3718:
3713:
1998:
1046:
947:
748:
6097:
5971:
2074:, meaning that each voter has two votes, a first vote for the election of a constituency candidate by
1902:
with nearly 42% of the vote and nearly 50% of the seats, just five short for an overall majority. The
6785:
5474:
5427:
5272:
3208:
2845:
2161:
1946:
1097:
998:
989:
5330:
Arzheimer, Kai. "The AfD: Finally a successful right-wing populist Eurosceptic party for Germany?."
2021:
ordered 22 September 2013 to be the election day upon the recommendation of the federal government.
1602:
872:
781:
5242:
said: "It was a strong vote to take responsibility in Germany, but also in Europe and the world."
2343:
2079:
907:
433:
5653:
5628:
5521:
3326:
2647:
2384:
2275:
2124:
1762:
1582:
698:
671:
414:
7439:
7172:
6473:
5044:
5021:
4803:
4598:
4577:
4383:
4083:
4007:
3513:
3411:
2548:
2257:
1934:
1914:
1041:
760:
448:
1990:
1777:
1748:
835:
576:
188:
6815:
5280:
5068:
4620:
4121:
2680:
2380:
2284:
2266:
2044:
2018:
1622:
1123:
1022:
973:
892:
887:
882:
850:
819:
690:
595:
4832:
4402:
3741:
2210:
2145:
2144:
After taking heat domestically for bailing out other European countries, Finance-Minister
8:
6509:
6469:
6432:
5672:
5317:
3385:
2388:
2372:
2108:
2075:
1942:
1592:
1572:
628:
5471:"Dates and deadlines for the Election to the 18th German Bundestag on 22 September 2013"
2296:
2083:
party lists in that state, based on the proportion of second votes each party received.
2039:
In 2008, some modifications to the electoral system were required under an order of the
6710:
6678:
6576:
6367:
6070:
6038:
5975:
5162:
4705:
4273:
3708:
2515:
2248:
1938:
1577:
769:
569:
248:
5243:
2185:
2128:
438:
223:
5914:
5829:
5760:
5730:
5700:
5423:
3682:
1994:
1597:
930:
6149:
5598:
2189:
2154:
429:
6640:
5540:
2150:
966:
139:
2153:
of the SPD said that it was "time that Mrs. Merkel tells people the truth", while
1913:
As the FDP, the CDU/CSU's junior coalition partner, failed to get any seats and a
6541:
5897:
5878:
5679:
5660:
5585:
5566:
5547:
5528:
5509:
5431:
5403:
Political Parties in the Digital Ages. The Impact of New Technologies in Politics
3043:
2288:
2132:
1818:
1726:
5588:. Website of the German Federal President. 8 March 2013. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
399:
6613:
6464:
6297:
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774:
7423:
5871:
5704:
5439:
5313:
5239:
5139:
4684:
4235:
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2400:
2367:(CSU) scored 42 percent of the vote, their best result since tallying 44% in
2351:
Only four parties were present in the Bundestag for the first time since the
2116:
2064:
2056:
1986:
1895:
1879:
756:
218:
98:
94:
7325:
2371:. Since 15.7 percent of the vote went to parties that fell short of the 5%
6742:
5872:
Die BüSo wird Recht behalten: Weltfinanzsystem kurz vor der Desintegration!
5308:
5302:
4997:
4555:
4045:
2173:
1950:
5910:
642:
6264:
5858:
The FDP named their chairman, Guido Westerwelle, chancellor-candidate in
5435:
5255:
4904:
4468:
3855:
2746:
2193:
735:
228:
6328:
1813:
6437:
5377:
Nuernbergk, Christian, et al. "The German Election Campaign 2013." in
5312:
as "probably one of the most recognisable hand gestures in the world",
2878:
5559:
5283:
was sworn in on 17 December. This grand coalition continued after the
5443:
5259:
5186:
4727:
4311:
1871:
800:
203:
90:
6645:
5629:"Federal Constitutional Court decision on the Federal Election Law"
5092:
4642:
4159:
2169:
2115:
the main government party, CDU chairwoman and incumbent chancellor
6810:
6738:"'Merkel diamond' takes centre stage in German election campaign"
6581:
6477:
6400:
4950:
4856:
4511:
4423:
3931:
3779:
2356:
2314:
2221:
1891:
1875:
599:
580:
238:
5360:
Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication' 21.1 (2016): 50–68.
6537:"Merkel begins search for coalition partner after election win"
6003:"Merkel Seeks Mandate to Top Thatcher as Third-Term Risks Loom"
5900:. Augsburger Allgemeine. 3 June 2012. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
5115:
4927:
4880:
4663:
4490:
4444:
4197:
3817:
2387:, nearly won seats but was shut out by narrowly missing the 5%
2375:, the CDU/CSU came up just five seats short of a majority. The
2292:
5512:, Katrin Heilmann, Le Journal International, 22 September 2013
6609:"Coalition Deal: Merkel Reaches Agreement on Next Government"
6505:"Merkel camp eyes tie-up with Social Democrats, shuns Greens"
6203:"Conservatives React to Success of Merkel in German Election"
5942:"Greece needs third bail-out, admits German finance minister"
5913:[Steinbrück to be chancellor-candidate] (in German).
4973:
4533:
3969:
6396:"Majority of SPD members oppose coalition with Merkel: poll"
6293:"World From Berlin: Coalition Talks Could Last into January"
5579:
Anordnung des Bundespräsidenten über die Bundestagswahl 2013
5503:"German elections: Politikverdrossenheit and rightist fears"
6428:"Merkel ally attacks left plan to poll members over tie-up"
6329:"Scholz would be foolish to rule out a left-wing coalition"
5541:
Stenographic protocol of the first session of the Bundestag
1870:
were held on 22 September to elect the members of the 18th
6773:
Official voting results from the Federal Returning Officer
2291:, Forschungsgruppe Wahlen, GMS, Infratest dimap, and INSA/
6641:"Deal reached on new government for Germany under Merkel"
5266:, Merkel scared off that the alternative was a left-wing
2078:
and a second vote for the election of a state list. The
1945:
with the then-main opposition party, the SPD, to form a
1878:. At stake were all 598 seats to the Bundestag, plus 33
6124:"Rösler bleibt FDP-Chef - Brüderle als Spitzenkandidat"
2013:(Germany's constitution) and the Federal Election Law (
6394:
Martin, Michelle; Jones, Gareth (27 September 2013).
5465:
5463:
5972:"German chancellor visits former Nazi camp - Europe"
5379:
The Routledge companion to social media and politics
2206:
Opinion polling for the 2013 German federal election
2009:
The date of the federal election is governed by the
6674:"German Rivals Reach Pact for Coalition Government"
6176:"Merkel triumphs in German vote but allies crushed"
6098:"Merkel to face rival in German TV debate - Europe"
5891:
Steinbrück, Steinmeier - oder doch Hannelore Kraft?
6460:"Greens open to coalition talks with Merkel's CDU"
5460:
5271:SPD members were opposed to entering a Merkel-led
2196:(The Left) held a separate debate on 2 September.
6672:Smale, Alison; Eddy, Melissa (27 November 2013).
5531:. Official translation. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
2407:
2160:Merkel also became the first chancellor to visit
7421:
6260:"More Merkel: The upshot of the German election"
5939:
5693:"Bundestag: Deutschland hat ein neues Wahlrecht"
5491:Casting of votes as a rule from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
564:
6706:"German party clears way for third Merkel term"
5682:. 11 December 2012. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
2024:Polling stations were open from 8:00 to 18:00.
1929:government. Merkel scared it off, and both the
6363:"Germany's Merkel looks for 'grand coalition'"
6322:
6320:
6034:"Germany's election campaign draws to a close"
7355:
7341:
6793:
5522:Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany
2034:Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany
2011:Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany
1848:
6572:"Merkel, rivals to continue coalition talks"
6066:"Germany rivals conclude election campaigns"
5654:Decision of the Federal Constitutional Court
5550:. 27 October 2009. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
1957:due to failure during the negotiations of a
6502:
6393:
6317:
5832:[Federal Election Act: Section 6].
5763:[Federal Election Act: Section 4].
5733:[Federal Election Act: Section 5].
5695:[Germany has a new electoral law].
2309:Results of the 2013 German federal election
2307:For results by state and constituency, see
1949:, the third in the country's history since
7348:
7334:
6800:
6786:
5515:
5320:used by both her supporters and opponents.
1855:
1841:
6671:
6503:Breidthardt, Annika (24 September 2013).
6290:
5663:. 25 July 2012. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
5569:. Wahlrecht.de. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
2780:Human Environment Animal Protection Party
6730:
6200:
2342:
2313:
2209:
2094:
2072:mixed-member proportional representation
1124:Federal Republic of Germany (since 1949)
6606:
6357:
6201:Wittrock, Philipp (23 September 2013).
6031:
6000:
5297:List of German Bundestag constituencies
5249:
2041:Federal Constitutional Court of Germany
1941:. Ultimately, Merkel's party reached a
621:This article is part of a series on the
7422:
7219:See also: Elections and referendums in
6686:from the original on 24 September 2018
6484:from the original on 29 September 2013
6326:
6305:from the original on 30 September 2013
6291:Crossland, David (30 September 2013).
6272:from the original on 27 September 2013
6213:from the original on 25 September 2013
6182:from the original on 28 September 2013
6156:from the original on 21 September 2013
6150:"Average of polling chart by pollytix"
6104:from the original on 21 September 2013
6078:from the original on 22 September 2013
6046:from the original on 25 September 2013
6013:from the original on 21 September 2013
5982:from the original on 21 September 2013
5921:from the original on 30 September 2012
5731:"BWahlG - § 5 Wahl in den Wahlkreisen"
5711:from the original on 21 September 2013
5673:Bill amending the Federal Election Law
5635:from the original on 21 September 2013
2379:(FDP), junior partner in the outgoing
2157:of the Greens also criticized Merkel.
7329:
6781:
6718:from the original on 16 December 2013
6621:from the original on 13 December 2013
6549:from the original on 30 November 2021
6408:from the original on 6 September 2020
6257:
5824:
5822:
5820:
5818:
5816:
4342:
3639:
3616:
3593:
3570:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2361:Christian Democratic Union of Germany
2359:operates as one Bundestag group. The
2164:after an invitation by former inmate
1975:Christian Democratic Union of Germany
1884:Christian Democratic Union of Germany
6816:Elections and referendums in Germany
6750:from the original on 21 October 2014
6653:from the original on 4 December 2013
6588:from the original on 15 January 2014
6375:from the original on 15 January 2014
2179:
2099:Although the chancellor-candidates (
6607:Lindsey, Daryl (27 November 2013).
6529:
6436:. 28 September 2013. Archived from
6339:from the original on 1 October 2021
6001:Czuczka, Tony (19 September 2013).
5952:from the original on 23 August 2013
5940:Financial Crisis (20 August 2013).
5840:from the original on 6 October 2016
5771:from the original on 6 October 2016
5741:from the original on 6 October 2016
5609:from the original on 14 August 2016
3672:
3143:Alliance for Innovation and Justice
2347:Results of the second vote by state
2027:
13:
6032:Bollier, Sam (21 September 2013).
5813:
5324:
5262:campaign ("red socks") during the
2199:
2123:, the parliamentary caucus leader
1931:Social Democratic Party of Germany
641:
14:
7456:
6766:
6327:Ottens, Nick (3 September 2021).
6258:Young, Marc (23 September 2013).
6130:from the original on 4 March 2016
5911:"Steinbrück wird Kanzlerkandidat"
5601:[Basic Law: Article 38].
3438:Federation for a Complete Germany
3110:Party of Bible-abiding Christians
2365:Christian Social Union of Bavaria
2353:1987 West German federal election
1979:Christian Social Union of Bavaria
1906:(FDP) failed to meet the 5% vote
1888:Christian Social Union of Bavaria
7445:September 2013 events in Germany
6809:
4304:
4266:
4228:
4190:
4152:
4114:
4076:
4038:
4000:
3962:
3924:
3886:
3848:
3810:
3772:
3734:
3176:Bürgerrechtsbewegung Solidarität
2399:
1977:(CDU) and its sister party, the
1812:
1798:
551:
537:
536:
529:
528:
494:
493:
486:
485:
413:
398:
366:
365:
358:
357:
350:
349:
305:
304:
297:
296:
289:
288:
202:
187:
172:
134:
133:
120:
119:
25:
6698:
6665:
6633:
6600:
6564:
6496:
6452:
6420:
6387:
6351:
6284:
6251:
6233:"The Federal Returning Officer"
6225:
6194:
6168:
6142:
6116:
6090:
6058:
6025:
5994:
5964:
5933:
5903:
5884:
5865:
5852:
5783:
5753:
5723:
5699:(in German). 22 February 2013.
5685:
5666:
5647:
3681:), or votes for party list, by
2070:The Bundestag is elected using
2032:According to Article 38 of the
103:316 seats needed for a majority
6178:. News OK. 18 September 2013.
5621:
5591:
5572:
5560:Dates for elections in Germany
5553:
5534:
5496:
5416:
2912:Pro Germany Citizens' Movement
2318:Parliamentary districts won by
2192:(Alliance 90/The Greens), and
2111:in the 2009 federal election.
1917:, which governed Germany from
1717:Politics of the European Union
1:
5475:The Federal Returning Officer
5453:
4772:
2299:-led government (1998–2005).
2052:some 4,000 private citizens.
1964:
7435:Federal elections in Germany
5285:2017 German federal election
5264:1994 German federal election
5233:
3464:Bergpartei, die "ÜberPartei"
2049:2009 German federal election
1985:(FDP) won the election with
1971:2009 German federal election
1955:2017 German federal election
1898:won their best result since
1668:Foreign relations by country
860:Federal Constitutional Court
667:Federal Constitutional Court
19:2013 German federal election
7:
5881:. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
5393:German Politics and Society
5290:
2813:Ecological Democratic Party
2139:
1882:determined thereafter. The
1072:Weimar Republic (1919–1933)
47:22 September 2013
10:
7461:
5834:www.gesetze-im-internet.de
5765:www.gesetze-im-internet.de
5735:www.gesetze-im-internet.de
5631:. Bverfg.de. 3 July 2008.
5603:www.gesetze-im-internet.de
5316:'s trademark has become a
4302:
4264:
4226:
4188:
4150:
4112:
4074:
4036:
3998:
3960:
3922:
3884:
3846:
3808:
3770:
3732:
3662:
3566:
2450:Christian Democratic Union
2398:
2306:
2302:
2203:
1999:Vice-Chancellor of Germany
1894:) of incumbent chancellor
749:Vice Chancellor of Germany
7430:2013 elections in Germany
7403:
7377:
7361:
7356:2013 elections in Germany
7214:
7171:
7108:
7085:
6822:
5896:27 September 2013 at the
5877:27 September 2013 at the
5508:25 September 2013 at the
4787:
4782:
4779:
4357:
4352:
4349:
3658:
3640:Registered voters/turnout
3635:
3612:
3589:
3537:
3518:
3491:
3467:
3441:
3415:
3398:
3372:
3360:Party for Social Equality
3247:
3221:
2714:National Democratic Party
2162:Dachau concentration camp
1937:ruled out governing with
990:Collective municipality (
591:Government after election
562:
549:
374:
146:
128:
114:
107:
87:
69:
35:
23:
5678:24 December 2012 at the
5584:24 February 2015 at the
5565:25 February 2017 at the
5409:
3677:Below are second votes (
1553:State and local politics
1098:East Germany (1949–1960)
6823:Parliamentary elections
6560:(subscription required)
5795:www.bundeswahlleiter.de
5527:3 November 2012 at the
5268:red–red–green coalition
3235:Party of the Non-voters
2978:Democracy by Referendum
2648:Alternative for Germany
2483:Social Democratic Party
2385:Alternative for Germany
2125:Frank-Walter Steinmeier
2004:
1927:red–red–green coalition
1709:International Relations
699:Frank-Walter Steinmeier
7267:North Rhine-Westphalia
7262:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
7087:Presidential elections
6100:. Al Jazeera English.
5791:"Der Bundeswahlleiter"
5761:"BWahlG - § 4 Stimmen"
5659:19 August 2012 at the
5371:25.1 (2016): 106–130.
5353:West European Politics
5332:West European Politics
5045:North Rhine-Westphalia
5022:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
4599:North Rhine-Westphalia
4578:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
4084:North Rhine-Westphalia
4008:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
3516: and voter groups
3412:German Communist Party
3077:Marxist–Leninist Party
2582:Christian Social Union
2549:Alliance 90/The Greens
2348:
2340:
2280:
1935:Alliance 90/The Greens
1613:North Rhine-Westphalia
1608:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
1223:Parliamentary election
1064:Presidential elections
646:
7310:Free State of Prussia
6545:. 23 September 2013.
6480:. 28 September 2013.
6361:(24 September 2013).
6074:. 21 September 2013.
5917:. 28 September 2012.
5355:38.1 (2015): 238–247.
5344:24.2 (2015): 154–178
5334:38.3 (2015): 535–556
5238:Incumbent chancellor
2615:Free Democratic Party
2377:Free Democratic Party
2346:
2317:
2213:
2095:Chancellor-candidates
2080:Sainte-Laguë/Schepers
1991:Chancellor of Germany
1983:Free Democratic Party
1904:Free Democratic Party
1767:Agrarian Conservatism
837:Gemeinsamer Ausschuss
830:Vermittlungsausschuss
723:Chancellor of Germany
645:
577:Second Merkel cabinet
434:Katrin Göring-Eckardt
89:All 631 seats in the
7272:Rhineland-Palatinate
6746:. 3 September 2013.
6714:. 15 December 2013.
6649:. 27 November 2013.
6239:on 25 September 2013
5801:on 23 September 2016
5281:Third Merkel cabinet
5250:Government formation
5069:Rhineland-Palatinate
4621:Rhineland-Palatinate
4122:Rhineland-Palatinate
2681:Pirate Party Germany
2381:coalition government
2063:through apportioned
2045:negative vote weight
2019:President of Germany
1739:Political ideologies
1618:Rhineland-Palatinate
1052:Federal Convention (
691:President of Germany
596:Third Merkel cabinet
6433:Oman Daily Observer
5546:31 May 2016 at the
5442:, Diana Golze, and
5395:32.3 (2014): 1–15.
5388:25.1 (2016): 73–83.
3594:Invalid/blank votes
2395:
2389:electoral threshold
2373:electoral threshold
2109:Helga Zepp-LaRouche
2076:first-past-the-post
1943:coalition agreement
1908:electoral threshold
1819:Politics portal
460:Last election
255:Last election
20:
7292:Schleswig-Holstein
7110:European elections
6679:The New York Times
6584:. 4 October 2013.
6517:on 3 December 2013
6209:. Spiegel Online.
5978:. 21 August 2013.
5976:Al Jazeera English
5163:Schleswig-Holstein
4706:Schleswig-Holstein
4343:Constituency seats
4274:Schleswig-Holstein
2394:
2349:
2341:
2281:
1915:red–green alliance
1805:Germany portal
1638:Schleswig-Holstein
1483:European elections
948:State Parliament (
943:Minister president
647:
503:Popular vote
314:Popular vote
109:Opinion polls
18:
7417:
7416:
7323:
7322:
7222:Baden-Württemberg
6440:on 3 October 2013
5481:on 1 October 2013
5424:Sahra Wagenknecht
5405:(2015) pp: 43–57.
5231:
5230:
4833:Baden-Württemberg
4770:
4769:
4403:Baden-Württemberg
4340:
4339:
3742:Baden-Württemberg
3670:
3669:
3011:Pensioners' Party
2180:Televised debates
2146:Wolfgang Schäuble
2105:Spitzenkandidaten
2101:Kanzlerkandidaten
1995:Guido Westerwelle
1959:Jamaica coalition
1868:Federal elections
1865:
1864:
1745:Political culture
1658:Foreign relations
1568:Baden-Württemberg
1054:Bundesversammlung
1037:Political parties
632:
614:
613:
610:
609:
545:
544:
482:Seat change
285:Seat change
261:23.0%, 146 seats
258:33.8%, 239 seats
65:
64:
7452:
7350:
7343:
7336:
7327:
7326:
6814:
6813:
6802:
6795:
6788:
6779:
6778:
6760:
6759:
6757:
6755:
6734:
6728:
6727:
6725:
6723:
6702:
6696:
6695:
6693:
6691:
6669:
6663:
6662:
6660:
6658:
6637:
6631:
6630:
6628:
6626:
6604:
6598:
6597:
6595:
6593:
6568:
6562:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6554:
6533:
6527:
6526:
6524:
6522:
6513:. Archived from
6500:
6494:
6493:
6491:
6489:
6456:
6450:
6449:
6447:
6445:
6424:
6418:
6417:
6415:
6413:
6391:
6385:
6384:
6382:
6380:
6355:
6349:
6348:
6346:
6344:
6324:
6315:
6314:
6312:
6310:
6288:
6282:
6281:
6279:
6277:
6255:
6249:
6248:
6246:
6244:
6235:. Archived from
6229:
6223:
6222:
6220:
6218:
6198:
6192:
6191:
6189:
6187:
6172:
6166:
6165:
6163:
6161:
6146:
6140:
6139:
6137:
6135:
6120:
6114:
6113:
6111:
6109:
6094:
6088:
6087:
6085:
6083:
6062:
6056:
6055:
6053:
6051:
6029:
6023:
6022:
6020:
6018:
5998:
5992:
5991:
5989:
5987:
5968:
5962:
5961:
5959:
5957:
5937:
5931:
5930:
5928:
5926:
5907:
5901:
5888:
5882:
5869:
5863:
5856:
5850:
5849:
5847:
5845:
5826:
5811:
5810:
5808:
5806:
5797:. Archived from
5787:
5781:
5780:
5778:
5776:
5757:
5751:
5750:
5748:
5746:
5727:
5721:
5720:
5718:
5716:
5689:
5683:
5670:
5664:
5651:
5645:
5644:
5642:
5640:
5625:
5619:
5618:
5616:
5614:
5595:
5589:
5576:
5570:
5557:
5551:
5538:
5532:
5519:
5513:
5500:
5494:
5493:
5488:
5486:
5477:. Archived from
5467:
5447:
5420:
5381:(2015) pp: 419+.
5318:political symbol
4777:
4776:
4347:
4346:
4310:
4308:
4307:
4272:
4270:
4269:
4234:
4232:
4231:
4196:
4194:
4193:
4158:
4156:
4155:
4120:
4118:
4117:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4044:
4042:
4041:
4006:
4004:
4003:
3968:
3966:
3965:
3930:
3928:
3927:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3854:
3852:
3851:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3740:
3738:
3737:
3688:
3687:
3673:Results by state
3665:Bundeswahlleiter
2403:
2396:
2393:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2297:Gerhard Schröder
2273:
2264:
2255:
2246:
2237:
2228:
2219:
2151:Peer Steinbrueck
2028:Electoral system
2015:Bundeswahlgesetz
1857:
1850:
1843:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1783:Social Democracy
1659:
1032:Electoral system
1025:
968:Regierungsbezirk
923:
853:
782:Federal agencies
660:
659:
635:
630:
622:
616:
615:
565:
555:
540:
539:
532:
531:
497:
496:
489:
488:
466:14.6%, 93 seats
463:10.7%, 68 seats
417:
402:
369:
368:
361:
360:
353:
352:
308:
307:
300:
299:
292:
291:
264:11.9%, 76 seats
206:
191:
176:
148:
147:
137:
136:
123:
122:
74:outgoing members
54:
52:
37:
36:
30:
29:
28:
21:
17:
7460:
7459:
7455:
7454:
7453:
7451:
7450:
7449:
7420:
7419:
7418:
7413:
7399:
7373:
7357:
7354:
7324:
7319:
7210:
7167:
7104:
7081:
6818:
6808:
6806:
6769:
6764:
6763:
6753:
6751:
6736:
6735:
6731:
6721:
6719:
6704:
6703:
6699:
6689:
6687:
6670:
6666:
6656:
6654:
6639:
6638:
6634:
6624:
6622:
6605:
6601:
6591:
6589:
6570:
6569:
6565:
6559:
6552:
6550:
6542:Financial Times
6535:
6534:
6530:
6520:
6518:
6501:
6497:
6487:
6485:
6458:
6457:
6453:
6443:
6441:
6426:
6425:
6421:
6411:
6409:
6392:
6388:
6378:
6376:
6356:
6352:
6342:
6340:
6325:
6318:
6308:
6306:
6289:
6285:
6275:
6273:
6256:
6252:
6242:
6240:
6231:
6230:
6226:
6216:
6214:
6199:
6195:
6185:
6183:
6174:
6173:
6169:
6159:
6157:
6152:. Pollytix.eu.
6148:
6147:
6143:
6133:
6131:
6122:
6121:
6117:
6107:
6105:
6096:
6095:
6091:
6081:
6079:
6064:
6063:
6059:
6049:
6047:
6030:
6026:
6016:
6014:
5999:
5995:
5985:
5983:
5970:
5969:
5965:
5955:
5953:
5938:
5934:
5924:
5922:
5909:
5908:
5904:
5898:Wayback Machine
5889:
5885:
5879:Wayback Machine
5870:
5866:
5857:
5853:
5843:
5841:
5828:
5827:
5814:
5804:
5802:
5789:
5788:
5784:
5774:
5772:
5759:
5758:
5754:
5744:
5742:
5729:
5728:
5724:
5714:
5712:
5691:
5690:
5686:
5680:Wayback Machine
5671:
5667:
5661:Wayback Machine
5652:
5648:
5638:
5636:
5627:
5626:
5622:
5612:
5610:
5597:
5596:
5592:
5586:Wayback Machine
5577:
5573:
5567:Wayback Machine
5558:
5554:
5548:Wayback Machine
5539:
5535:
5529:Wayback Machine
5520:
5516:
5510:Wayback Machine
5501:
5497:
5484:
5482:
5469:
5468:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5450:
5432:Dietmar Bartsch
5421:
5417:
5412:
5386:German Politics
5369:German Politics
5342:German Politics
5327:
5325:Further reading
5306:– described by
5293:
5273:grand coalition
5252:
5244:Peer Steinbrück
5236:
4784:
4775:
4354:
4345:
4305:
4303:
4267:
4265:
4229:
4227:
4191:
4189:
4153:
4151:
4115:
4113:
4077:
4075:
4039:
4037:
4001:
3999:
3963:
3961:
3925:
3923:
3887:
3885:
3849:
3847:
3811:
3809:
3773:
3771:
3735:
3733:
3675:
3261:Alliance 21/RRP
3044:Party of Reason
2846:The Republicans
2418:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2319:
2312:
2305:
2279:
2278:
2271:
2269:
2262:
2260:
2253:
2251:
2244:
2242:
2235:
2233:
2226:
2224:
2217:
2208:
2202:
2200:Opinion polling
2186:Rainer Brüderle
2182:
2142:
2133:Hannelore Kraft
2129:Peer Steinbrück
2097:
2030:
2007:
1981:(CSU), and the
1967:
1947:grand coalition
1861:
1832:
1828:Other countries
1811:
1810:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1753:
1740:
1732:
1731:
1713:
1705:
1672:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1563:
1554:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1487:
1479:
1478:
1227:
1219:
1218:
1120:
1094:
1068:
1060:
1027:
1023:
1015:
1014:
963:
925:
921:
913:
912:
904:
864:
855:
851:
843:
842:
825:
795:
787:
786:
766:
717:
709:
708:
685:
677:
676:
662:
657:
655:
633:
629:
620:
598:
593:
579:
574:
572:before election
563:
558:
550:
471:Seats won
439:Rainer Brüderle
421:
420:
419:
418:
406:
405:
404:
403:
375:
269:Seats won
224:Peer Steinbrück
210:
209:
208:
207:
195:
194:
193:
192:
180:
179:
178:
177:
102:
93:, including 33
88:
83:
82:
79:elected members
76:
50:
48:
31:
26:
24:
12:
11:
5:
7458:
7448:
7447:
7442:
7437:
7432:
7415:
7414:
7404:
7401:
7400:
7398:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7381:
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3209:Feminist Party
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2363:(CDU) and the
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2204:Main article:
2201:
2198:
2190:Jürgen Trittin
2181:
2178:
2166:Max Mannheimer
2155:Jürgen Trittin
2141:
2138:
2121:Sigmar Gabriel
2096:
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2065:leveling seats
2057:overhang seats
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2006:
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1880:overhang seats
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1559:State Politics
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999:Municipality (
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878:Administrative
875:
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867:Federal courts
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807:constituencies
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430:Jürgen Trittin
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7440:Angela Merkel
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7287:Saxony-Anhalt
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6803:
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6789:
6784:
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6707:
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6685:
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6603:
6587:
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6364:
6360:
6354:
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6323:
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6300:
6299:
6294:
6287:
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6212:
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6028:
6012:
6008:
6004:
5997:
5981:
5977:
5973:
5967:
5951:
5947:
5946:The Telegraph
5943:
5936:
5920:
5916:
5912:
5906:
5899:
5895:
5892:
5887:
5880:
5876:
5873:
5868:
5861:
5855:
5839:
5836:(in German).
5835:
5831:
5825:
5823:
5821:
5819:
5817:
5800:
5796:
5792:
5786:
5770:
5767:(in German).
5766:
5762:
5756:
5740:
5737:(in German).
5736:
5732:
5726:
5710:
5706:
5702:
5698:
5694:
5688:
5681:
5677:
5674:
5669:
5662:
5658:
5655:
5650:
5634:
5630:
5624:
5608:
5605:(in German).
5604:
5600:
5599:"GG - Art 38"
5594:
5587:
5583:
5580:
5575:
5568:
5564:
5561:
5556:
5549:
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5511:
5507:
5504:
5499:
5492:
5480:
5476:
5472:
5466:
5464:
5459:
5445:
5441:
5440:Nicole Gohlke
5437:
5433:
5429:
5425:
5419:
5415:
5404:
5400:
5398:
5394:
5390:
5387:
5383:
5380:
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5370:
5366:
5364:
5363:
5357:
5354:
5350:
5347:
5343:
5339:
5337:
5333:
5329:
5328:
5319:
5315:
5314:Angela Merkel
5311:
5310:
5305:
5304:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5294:
5288:
5286:
5282:
5276:
5274:
5269:
5265:
5261:
5257:
5247:
5245:
5241:
5240:Angela Merkel
5226:
5223:
5220:
5217:
5214:
5211:
5208:
5207:
5204:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5190:
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5185:
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5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5160:
5157:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5140:Saxony-Anhalt
5138:
5137:
5134:
5131:
5128:
5125:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5113:
5110:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5096:
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4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4685:Saxony-Anhalt
4683:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4661:
4658:
4656:
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4644:
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4275:
4263:
4259:
4256:
4253:
4250:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4236:Saxony-Anhalt
4225:
4221:
4218:
4215:
4212:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4187:
4183:
4180:
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4168:
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3990:
3987:
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3309:
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3017:
3014:
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3009:
3007:
3006:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2987:
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2976:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2945:Bavaria Party
2943:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
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2897:
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2250:
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2163:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2137:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2117:Angela Merkel
2112:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2053:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2037:
2035:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1987:Angela Merkel
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1896:Angela Merkel
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1858:
1853:
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1673:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1660:
1653:
1652:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1633:Saxony-Anhalt
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
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1589:
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1518:
1515:
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1508:
1505:
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1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
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1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
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1410:
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1400:
1398:
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1133:
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1129:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1057:
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1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1019:
1018:
1009:
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1005:
1004:
1002:
997:
995:
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984:
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979:
977:
972:
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965:
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951:
946:
944:
941:
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937:
936:
934:
928:
927:
924:
917:
916:
909:
906:
905:
901:
898:
897:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
870:
866:
865:
861:
858:
857:
854:
847:
846:
839:
838:
834:
832:
831:
827:
826:
822:
821:
817:
813:
810:
808:
805:
804:
803:
802:
798:
797:
791:
790:
783:
780:
776:
773:
772:
771:
768:
767:
762:
758:
757:Robert Habeck
755:
754:
751:
750:
746:
745:
741:
737:
734:
733:
729:
725:
724:
720:
719:
713:
712:
704:
700:
697:
696:
693:
692:
688:
687:
684:Head of State
681:
680:
673:
670:
668:
665:
664:
661:
656:Constitution
651:
650:
644:
640:
639:
636:
627:
626:
623:
618:
617:
606:
605:
601:
597:
592:
589:
587:
586:
582:
578:
573:
571:
567:
566:
561:
554:
548:
535:
527:
524:
523:
519:
516:
513:
512:
508:
505:
502:
501:
492:
484:
481:
480:
476:
473:
470:
469:
465:
462:
459:
458:
455:
452:
450:
447:
444:
443:
440:
437:
435:
431:
428:
425:
424:
416:
408:
401:
393:
390:
389:
385:
383:Fourth party
382:
379:
378:
373:
364:
356:
348:
345:
344:
340:
337:
335:
332:
329:
328:
324:
321:
319:
316:
313:
312:
303:
295:
287:
284:
283:
279:
276:
274:
271:
268:
267:
263:
260:
257:
254:
253:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
234:
233:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
219:Angela Merkel
217:
214:
213:
205:
197:
190:
182:
175:
167:
164:
163:
159:
157:Second party
156:
153:
150:
149:
145:
141:
131:
127:
117:
113:
110:
106:
100:
96:
92:
86:
81: →
80:
75:
72:←
68:
61: →
60:
57:
55:
45:
43:
40:←
39:
38:
34:
22:
16:
7395:Lower Saxony
7368:
7315:East Prussia
7305:East Germany
7301:
7257:Lower Saxony
7218:
7075:
7059:
6752:. Retrieved
6743:The Guardian
6741:
6732:
6720:. Retrieved
6709:
6700:
6688:. Retrieved
6677:
6667:
6655:. Retrieved
6644:
6635:
6623:. Retrieved
6612:
6602:
6590:. Retrieved
6575:
6566:
6551:. Retrieved
6540:
6531:
6519:. Retrieved
6515:the original
6508:
6498:
6486:. Retrieved
6463:
6454:
6442:. Retrieved
6438:the original
6431:
6422:
6410:. Retrieved
6399:
6389:
6377:. Retrieved
6366:
6359:Bollier, Sam
6353:
6341:. Retrieved
6332:
6307:. Retrieved
6296:
6286:
6274:. Retrieved
6263:
6253:
6243:24 September
6241:. Retrieved
6237:the original
6227:
6217:23 September
6215:. Retrieved
6206:
6196:
6186:23 September
6184:. Retrieved
6170:
6160:20 September
6158:. Retrieved
6144:
6132:. Retrieved
6118:
6108:20 September
6106:. Retrieved
6092:
6082:22 September
6080:. Retrieved
6069:
6060:
6050:22 September
6048:. Retrieved
6037:
6027:
6017:20 September
6015:. Retrieved
6006:
5996:
5986:20 September
5984:. Retrieved
5966:
5956:20 September
5954:. Retrieved
5945:
5935:
5925:28 September
5923:. Retrieved
5905:
5886:
5867:
5854:
5842:. Retrieved
5833:
5803:. Retrieved
5799:the original
5794:
5785:
5773:. Retrieved
5764:
5755:
5743:. Retrieved
5734:
5725:
5713:. Retrieved
5696:
5687:
5668:
5649:
5639:20 September
5637:. Retrieved
5623:
5611:. Retrieved
5602:
5593:
5574:
5555:
5536:
5517:
5498:
5490:
5485:23 September
5483:. Retrieved
5479:the original
5428:Jan van Aken
5418:
5402:
5392:
5385:
5378:
5368:
5359:
5352:
5341:
5331:
5309:The Guardian
5307:
5303:Merkel-Raute
5301:
5277:
5253:
5237:
4998:Lower Saxony
4556:Lower Saxony
4316:
4278:
4240:
4202:
4164:
4126:
4088:
4050:
4046:Lower Saxony
4012:
3974:
3939:
3901:
3860:
3822:
3784:
3746:
3678:
3676:
3514:Independents
3327:Family Party
2414:Constituency
2350:
2282:
2183:
2174:Eurosceptics
2159:
2143:
2113:
2104:
2100:
2098:
2089:
2085:
2069:
2054:
2038:
2031:
2023:
2014:
2008:
1968:
1951:World War II
1912:
1866:
1763:Conservatism
1708:
1667:
1603:Lower Saxony
1558:
1537:
1482:
1472:
1456:
1222:
1212:
1063:
1053:
1000:
991:
975:
967:
949:
932:
929:
922:Subdivisions
908:Other courts
900:Joint Senate
836:
829:
818:
799:
747:
721:
689:
672:Human rights
631:Politics of
619:
594:
590:
575:
568:
386:Fifth party
333:
317:
272:
160:Third party
154:First party
118:61,946,900 (
46:
15:
7237:Brandenburg
7173:Referendums
6945:1932 (July)
6754:8 September
6722:15 December
6690:15 December
6657:15 December
6625:15 December
6592:15 December
6553:15 December
6379:15 December
6265:Yahoo! News
6207:Der Spiegel
5436:Klaus Ernst
5256:red-baiting
4905:Brandenburg
4469:Brandenburg
3856:Brandenburg
3679:Zweitstimme
3617:Total votes
3571:Valid votes
3294:The Violets
2747:Free Voters
2335:– The Left
2194:Gregor Gysi
2149:dithering,
2061:compensated
1583:Brandenburg
1342:1932 (July)
1042:Referendums
957:composition
794:Legislature
736:Olaf Scholz
658:(Basic Law)
514:Percentage
330:Percentage
322:11,252,215
229:Gregor Gysi
7424:Categories
7405:Previous:
6960:1933 (Nov)
6955:1933 (Mar)
6950:1932 (Nov)
6930:1924 (Dec)
6925:1924 (May)
6840:1867 (Aug)
6835:1867 (Feb)
6711:Al Jazeera
6577:Al Jazeera
6368:Al Jazeera
6333:EUobserver
6134:21 January
6071:Al Jazeera
6039:Al Jazeera
5454:References
5254:As in the
4788:Seats won
4773:List seats
4358:Seats won
3651:61,946,900
3643:61,946,900
3628:44,309,925
3620:44,309,925
3582:43,625,042
3574:43,726,856
3550:43,625,042
3541:43,726,856
2879:Die PARTEI
2496:12,843,458
2487:11,252,215
2463:16,233,642
2454:14,921,877
2411:Party-list
2285:Allensbach
1965:Background
1933:(SPD) and
1778:Liberalism
1749:Federalism
1357:1933 (Nov)
1352:1933 (Mar)
1347:1932 (Nov)
1327:1924 (Dec)
1322:1924 (May)
1237:1867 (Aug)
1232:1867 (Feb)
1047:Coalitions
974:District (
570:Government
509:2,083,533
506:3,694,057
426:Candidate
325:3,755,699
318:18,165,446
215:Candidate
115:Registered
51:2013-09-22
7297:Thuringia
6521:1 October
6488:1 October
6444:1 October
6412:1 October
6343:1 October
6309:1 October
6276:1 October
6007:Bloomberg
5844:18 August
5805:18 August
5775:18 August
5745:18 August
5715:18 August
5705:0044-2070
5613:18 August
5444:Caren Lay
5260:Red Scare
5234:Reactions
5187:Thuringia
4728:Thuringia
4312:Thuringia
3386:The Right
2652:2,056,985
2628:1,028,645
2619:2,083,533
2595:3,544,079
2586:3,243,569
2562:3,180,299
2553:3,694,057
2529:3,585,178
2520:3,755,699
2355:, as the
2287:, Emnid,
1872:Bundestag
1773:Far-right
1758:Communism
1643:Thuringia
1024:Elections
852:Judiciary
820:Bundesrat
801:Bundestag
716:Executive
91:Bundestag
7409:— Next:
7277:Saarland
6748:Archived
6716:Archived
6684:Archived
6651:Archived
6646:BBC News
6619:Archived
6586:Archived
6547:Archived
6510:The Star
6482:Archived
6406:Archived
6373:Archived
6337:Archived
6303:Archived
6270:Archived
6211:Archived
6180:Archived
6154:Archived
6128:Archived
6102:Archived
6076:Archived
6044:Archived
6011:Archived
5980:Archived
5950:Archived
5919:Archived
5894:Archived
5875:Archived
5838:Archived
5769:Archived
5739:Archived
5709:Archived
5697:Die Zeit
5676:Archived
5657:Archived
5633:Archived
5607:Archived
5582:Archived
5563:Archived
5544:Archived
5525:Archived
5506:Archived
5291:See also
5093:Saarland
4643:Saarland
4160:Saarland
3663:Source:
3489:NO! Idea
2516:The Left
2339:– Greens
2170:Eurozone
2140:Campaign
1939:The Left
1727:Passport
1623:Saarland
1001:Gemeinde
873:Ordinary
99:leveling
95:overhang
7385:Bavaria
7369:Germany
7362:Federal
7302:former:
7247:Hamburg
7227:Bavaria
6582:Reuters
6478:Reuters
6401:Reuters
4951:Hamburg
4857:Bavaria
4512:Hamburg
4424:Bavaria
3932:Hamburg
3780:Bavaria
3605:684,883
3597:583,069
2826:128,209
2817:127,088
2784:140,366
2760:431,640
2751:423,977
2727:635,135
2718:560,828
2694:963,623
2685:959,177
2661:810,915
2357:CDU/CSU
2303:Results
2267:PIRATEN
2222:CDU/CSU
2188:(FDP),
1969:In the
1892:CDU/CSU
1876:Germany
1593:Hamburg
1573:Bavaria
950:Landtag
931:State (
812:members
770:Cabinet
634:Germany
600:CDU/CSU
581:CDU/CSU
391:
380:
239:CDU/CSU
165:
151:
132:71.5% (
129:Turnout
49: (
7282:Saxony
7242:Bremen
7232:Berlin
5703:
5397:online
5373:online
5362:online
5346:online
5336:online
5209:Total
5116:Saxony
4928:Bremen
4881:Berlin
4785:seats
4780:State
4748:Total
4664:Saxony
4491:Bremen
4445:Berlin
4355:seats
4350:State
4309:
4271:
4233:
4198:Saxony
4195:
4157:
4119:
4081:
4043:
4005:
3967:
3929:
3894:Bremen
3891:
3853:
3818:Berlin
3815:
3777:
3739:
3728:Other
3631:100.00
3623:100.00
3553:100.00
3544:100.00
3521:77,306
3239:11,349
3213:12,148
3189:17,988
3180:12,814
3147:17,743
3114:18,542
3090:12,904
3081:24,219
3048:24,719
3015:25,134
2982:28,654
2958:28,430
2949:57,395
2916:73,854
2892:39,388
2883:78,674
2859:27,299
2850:91,193
2331:– SPD
2327:– CSU
2323:– CDU
2293:YouGov
2274:
2272:
2265:
2263:
2256:
2254:
2247:
2245:
2238:
2236:
2229:
2227:
2220:
2218:
2127:, and
1973:, the
1701:Russia
1676:France
1628:Saxony
1588:Bremen
1578:Berlin
893:Social
888:Labour
883:Fiscal
775:Scholz
541:9.8pp
533:2.3pp
525:Swing
449:Greens
445:Party
432:&
370:3.3pp
362:2.7pp
354:7.7pp
346:Swing
338:25.7%
235:Party
7390:Hesse
7378:State
7252:Hesse
5410:Notes
4974:Hesse
4809:Linke
4804:Grüne
4783:Total
4534:Hesse
4384:Grüne
4379:Linke
4353:Total
3970:Hesse
3714:GRÜNE
3709:LINKE
3691:State
3683:state
3654:71.53
3646:71.53
3585:98.45
3577:98.68
3538:Total
3444:1,431
3418:1,699
3390:2,245
3364:4,564
3340:4,478
3331:7,449
3307:2,516
3298:8,211
3274:5,324
3265:8,578
3156:2,680
3123:2,081
3057:3,861
2991:1,748
2925:4,815
2793:4,437
2499:29.44
2490:25.73
2466:37.21
2457:34.13
2442:Seats
2436:Votes
2433:Seats
2427:Votes
2419:seats
2417:Total
2408:Party
2289:Forsa
2258:GRÜNE
2249:LINKE
1696:China
1681:Italy
1598:Hesse
976:Kreis
761:Grüne
520:4.8%
517:8.4%
341:8.6%
334:41.5%
124:0.4%)
101:seats
7411:2014
7407:2012
7206:1938
7201:1936
7196:1934
7191:1933
7186:1929
7181:1926
7163:2024
7158:2019
7153:2014
7148:2009
7143:2004
7138:1999
7133:1994
7128:1989
7123:1984
7118:1979
7100:1932
7095:1925
7076:2025
7070:2021
7065:2017
7060:2013
7055:2009
7050:2005
7045:2002
7040:1998
7035:1994
7030:1990
7025:1987
7020:1983
7015:1980
7010:1976
7005:1972
7000:1969
6995:1965
6990:1961
6985:1957
6980:1953
6975:1949
6970:1938
6965:1936
6940:1930
6935:1928
6920:1920
6915:1919
6910:1912
6905:1907
6900:1903
6895:1898
6890:1893
6885:1890
6880:1887
6875:1884
6870:1881
6865:1878
6860:1877
6855:1874
6850:1871
6845:1868
6830:1848
6756:2013
6724:2013
6692:2013
6659:2013
6627:2013
6594:2013
6555:2013
6523:2013
6490:2013
6446:2013
6414:2013
6381:2013
6345:2021
6311:2013
6278:2013
6245:2013
6219:2013
6188:2013
6162:2013
6136:2013
6110:2013
6084:2013
6052:2013
6019:2013
5988:2013
5958:2013
5927:2012
5860:2002
5846:2016
5807:2016
5777:2016
5747:2016
5717:2016
5701:ISSN
5641:2013
5615:2016
5487:2013
5258:and
5215:135
5212:332
4754:191
4751:299
4336:8.0
4324:23.4
4321:16.1
4317:38.8
4298:4.4
4283:31.6
4279:39.2
4260:5.9
4248:23.9
4245:18.2
4241:41.2
4222:8.0
4210:20.0
4207:14.6
4203:42.6
4184:6.5
4172:10.0
4169:31.0
4165:37.8
4146:5.9
4131:27.5
4127:43.3
4108:5.1
4093:31.9
4089:39.8
4070:4.1
4055:33.1
4051:41.1
4032:6.1
4020:21.5
4017:17.8
4013:42.5
3994:4.9
3979:28.8
3975:39.2
3956:5.1
3947:12.6
3940:32.4
3936:32.2
3918:5.7
3909:12.1
3906:10.1
3902:35.7
3898:29.3
3880:6.5
3868:22.4
3865:23.1
3861:34.8
3842:7.6
3833:12.3
3830:18.5
3827:24.6
3823:28.5
3804:9.2
3789:20.0
3785:49.3
3766:6.5
3757:11.0
3751:20.6
3747:45.7
3608:1.55
3600:1.32
3524:0.18
3497:0.00
3473:0.00
3447:0.00
3421:0.00
3393:0.01
3367:0.01
3343:0.01
3334:0.02
3310:0.01
3301:0.02
3277:0.01
3268:0.02
3242:0.03
3216:0.03
3192:0.04
3183:0.03
3159:0.01
3150:0.04
3126:0.00
3117:0.04
3093:0.03
3084:0.06
3060:0.01
3051:0.06
3027:0.00
3018:0.06
2994:0.00
2985:0.07
2961:0.07
2952:0.13
2928:0.01
2919:0.17
2895:0.09
2886:0.18
2862:0.06
2853:0.21
2829:0.29
2820:0.29
2796:0.01
2787:0.32
2763:0.99
2754:0.97
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2589:7.42
2565:7.29
2556:8.45
2532:8.22
2523:8.59
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4330:2.6
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4099:8.0
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3988:5.6
3985:9.9
3982:6.0
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3944:8.8
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3801:4.2
3798:5.1
3795:8.4
3792:3.8
3763:5.2
3760:6.2
3754:4.8
3724:AfD
3719:FDP
3704:SPD
3699:CSU
3695:CDU
3559:631
3556:299
3547:332
3506:New
3494:290
3482:New
3470:624
3404:New
3168:New
3069:New
3024:920
2937:New
2772:New
2673:New
2640:−93
2607:+11
2541:−12
2508:+47
2505:193
2493:135
2475:+61
2472:255
2469:191
2422:+/–
2276:AfD
2240:FDP
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1921:to
1874:of
1691:USA
992:Amt
740:SPD
703:SPD
604:SPD
585:FDP
498:93
474:63
454:FDP
309:12
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293:72
280:64
273:311
244:SPD
138:0.7
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