193:(LRB) convenes when the state legislature is unable to approve, for either body, a redistricting plan in the first legislative session following the census. In June 2001, the task of redistricting passed to the LRB after the state legislature failed to pass a redistricting plan for either the House or Senate. The LRB consists of five statewide officials, the Lieutenant Governor, the Speaker of the House, the Attorney General, the State Comptroller, and the Commissioner of the General Land Office. Four of these five officials were Republican, and the resulting redistricting plans were seen as favorable to Republicans.
22:
2029:
986:
197:
2269:
1028:, Justice Department lawyers "found that Republican lawmakers and state officials who helped craft the proposal were aware it posed a high risk of being ruled discriminatory compared with other options". Texas legislators proceeded with the new plan "because it would maximize the number of Republican federal lawmakers in the state".
1311:) was reelected in 2004. Of the Democrats affected by redistricting, Green is the only one who won reelection without being shifted to another district or changing parties. He was the only white Democrat left among representatives from the Houston area, and he represented a Latino-majority district until his retirement in 2018.
102:, apparently to try to protect a Hispanic Republican representative. A three-judge Federal District Court redrew District 23 and four other nearby districts: 15, 21, 25, and 28. In November 2006, a special election was held in the new districts. All incumbents won except in District 23. There, Republican incumbent
246:
1051:
The 2004 elections under the new redistricting resulted in Texas
Republicans gaining a majority of House seats by a 21–11 margin, nearly a 2/1 ratio in terms of seats (66% of seats). This was significantly larger than the 61/38 voting ratio of Republicans to Democrats in the Presidential race. It was
1014:
reported, "Justice
Department lawyers concluded that the landmark Texas congressional redistricting plan spearheaded by Rep. Tom DeLay violated the Voting Rights Act, according to a previously undisclosed memo," uncovered by the newspaper. The document, endorsed by six Justice Department attorneys,
138:
had a 17–15 edge in House seats representing Texas or 53% of the seats to
Republican's 47%, although the state voted for Republicans in congressional races 53.3%–43.8%. After a protracted partisan struggle, the legislature enacted a new congressional districting map, Plan 1374C, introduced in the
1043:
Democrats criticized the 2003 redistricting plan, citing the lack of precedent for redistricting twice in a decade (a so-called "mid-decade" redistricting) and argued that it was conducted for purely political gain by the
Republican Party. Public comments by some Republicans lent support to this
309:
as saying, "Everybody who knows Tom knows that he's a fighter and a competitor, and he saw an opportunity to help the
Republicans stay in power in Washington." Toobin reported that DeLay left Washington and returned to Texas to oversee the project while final voting was underway in the state
181:
In 2001, Democrats and
Republicans were unable to agree on new district maps to respond to the latest census. The Republican minority recommended the issue be submitted to a panel of judges, per state law. The judges, being "hesitant to undo the work of one political party for the benefit of
276:, preventing a vote on the redistricting plan during the first special session. Half an hour after ending the first special session, Governor Perry called a second special session. This time, due to the calendaring of the redistricting bill, the two-thirds rule would not come into play.
1081:
A three-judge panel, under an order from the U.S. Court of
Appeals, oversaw the redistricting. On June 29, 2006, a U.S. District Judge ordered both sides to submit proposed maps by July 14, respond to their opponents' maps by July 21, and be prepared to hold oral arguments on August 3.
993:(outlined in red) in 2002, left, and 2004, right. In 2003, the majority of Republicans in the Texas legislature redistricted the state. The plan diluted the voting power of Democratic residents of this county by distributing its residential areas among majority-Republican districts.
316:
editor Paul Burka, writing in the magazine's May 2006 issue, characterized the measure as "DeLay's midcensus congressional redistricting plan" and said, "n order to increase his
Republican majority in Congress, he resorted to a midcensus redistricting plan."
1019:
he redistricting plan illegally diluted black and
Hispanic voting power in two congressional districts ... The State of Texas has not met its burden in showing that the proposed congressional redistricting plan does not have a discriminatory
230:(ARMPAC), a federal-level organization created to raise funds for Republicans during the 2000 national elections. Simultaneously, as has been well documented in the media, DeLay played a key role in the ongoing Texas redistricting effort.
268:) in the Texas House, effectively preventing a vote from taking place during the regular session. The 52 Democrats, known as the "Killer Ds", returned to the state when time had expired for the bill. But in the summer of 2003, Governor
287:
returned to the State Senate. The redistricting plan was passed in a third special legislative session. After the 2004 elections, Texas' U.S. House delegation had a
Republican majority, 21-11, for the first time since
1044:
latter claim, since many discussed their expectations of picking up several Republican seats. Some minority groups argued the plan was unconstitutional, as it would dilute their influence and possibly violate the "
1052:
much more lopsided than the total results in the 32 House races, which resulted in 56/40/3 for Republican to Democratic voting (the two main parties did not both run candidates in four districts).
190:
1337:
In 2006, however, the Supreme Court ruling required redrawing the boundaries for TX-23. It resulted in a special election, in which Bonilla faced six Democratic candidates and an independent in a
1048:" principle of redistricting. Republicans argued that, since most voters in the state were Republicans, that they be represented by a majority-Republican congressional delegation in Washington.
158:. It ordered the lower court to produce a remedial plan, which it did in Plan 1440C. The Supreme Court ruling was not considered to seriously threaten Republican gains from the 2004 elections.
25:
Comparison of U.S. House election results for Texas in 2002 and 2004 after the creation of new boundaries for congressional districts following mid-term redistricting in 2003. Blue denotes a
272:
called a series of special legislative sessions in order to continue the redistricting effort. With control of more than one-third of the seats in the State Senate, the Democrats invoked a
242:
and Tom Delay, who had assumed the position of US House Majority Leader in January 2003, the Republican majority introduced legislation to redraw the court-drawn districts from 2001.
1219:, which had a higher percentage of Republican voters in its new form. Despite this, the Democrat Edwards was re-elected in 2004, 2006 and 2008. In 2010 he was defeated by Republican
1035:
in the Justice Department had overridden the position and findings by the Civil Rights Division's career civil service staff lawyers and analysts, and approved the redistricting.
46:
222:
designed to gather campaign funds for Republican candidates throughout Texas—in particular with an eye to gaining control of the state House Speakership, then held by Democrat
147:. In the 2004 congressional elections, Republicans won 21 seats to the Democrats' 11, which suggested they had considerably surpassed their margin of preference among voters.
182:
another", drew a new map which left many of the 1991 districts intact. It yielded a 17-to-15 Democratic majority in Texas's US House delegation after the 2002 elections.
166:
The Texas Legislature had last enacted a congressional redistricting plan in 1991, following the 1990 census. At the time, Democrats held both the governor's seat (with
310:
legislature, and that "several times during the long days of negotiating sessions, DeLay personally shuttled proposed maps among House and Senate offices in Austin."
238:
In 2002, after winning a majority of seats in the State House of Representatives, Republicans gained complete control of the legislature. With the urging of Governor
2258:
1925:
2312:
1255:) saw his district split off into several newly drawn Dallas-area districts intended to favor and elect Republicans. He changed his residency to run in the
734:
1334:. This was done by putting the two Democrats in the same district and forcing them to run against each other for the Democratic nomination (Cuellar won).
1662:
1196:
150:
On June 28, 2006, the Supreme Court of the United States issued an opinion that threw out one of the districts in the plan as a violation of the 1965
2350:
2132:
2087:
1062:
170:) and control of both state legislative branches. By the 2000 census, Republicans had recaptured the state executive branch, having elected Governor
83:
2402:
574:
1090:
The 2003 redistricting targeted ten districts with white Democratic incumbents, avoiding the seven districts with minority Democratic incumbents.
724:
644:
1383:
834:
374:
364:
2192:
544:
2392:
1749:
514:
404:
2299:
1996:
1899:
784:
1700:"Evidence of Political Manipulation at the Justice Department: How Tom DeLay's Redistricting Plan Avoided Voting Rights Act Disapproval"
1656:
1667:
2372:
1930:
1878:
1904:
289:
77:, unsuccessfully trying to prevent the changes. Opponents challenged the plan in three suits, combined when the case went to the
62:
1195:
strip" for containing a majority of Hispanics. Doggett won re-election in the new district after defeating District Court Judge
2248:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1320:
1308:
1280:
1256:
1252:
1236:
1232:
1216:
1212:
1188:
1184:
1168:
1067:
131:
91:
58:
1680:
2307:
2065:
2060:
1838:
1637:
1493:
1468:
1284:
1148:
1136:
1120:
1100:
1005:. The State of Texas obtained pre-clearance from the US Department of Justice for its 2003 congressional redistricting plan.
2387:
1973:
2328:
2225:
1935:
1405:
1104:
227:
1709:
1556:
2382:
2170:
1430:
744:
78:
2054:
2049:
2044:
178:, as well as control of the Texas Senate. Democrats maintained their majority in the Texas House of Representatives.
2333:
2283:
2182:
1742:
1324:
215:
135:
123:
66:
50:
30:
26:
1151:) was moved to the 2nd district as a result of the redistricting and was defeated by Ted Poe. He relocated to the
1066:
on June 28, 2006. While the Court said states are free to redistrict as often as desired, the justices ruled that
2001:
1848:
90:
On June 28, 2006, the Supreme Court upheld the statewide redistricting as constitutional, with the exception of
2114:
1858:
279:
Eleven of the twelve Democratic state senators left the state to prevent a quorum. The Senators assembled in
2176:
2006:
140:
2143:
2119:
1833:
1735:
107:
1191:, created as a narrow strip running from Austin south to the Mexican border, and derisively called the "
2138:
2016:
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219:
1873:
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1940:
1823:
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714:
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937:
778:
280:
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Lacking sufficient votes to stop the new plan, 52 Democratic members fled the state to prevent a
130:
in 2002 for the first time in 130 years, they intended to work toward establishing a majority of
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1863:
1699:
528:
464:
1853:
1510:
1075:
604:
378:
155:
2104:
1449:, League of United Latin American Citizens, et al. v. Perry, Governor of Texas, et al. 2006
990:
764:
698:
614:
488:
1721:
1581:
1203:, the 25th district was redrawn for the 2006 election, where Rep. Doggett again prevailed.
8:
2397:
2159:
1959:
1714:
1603:
1447:
1078:. This decision required lawmakers to adjust boundaries in line with the Court's ruling.
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568:
208:
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2125:
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from McAllen. After a Supreme Court ruling found the nearby 23rd district violated the
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875:
828:
818:
804:
728:
688:
638:
618:
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388:
186:
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21:
16:
Controversial redistricting of Texas's districts for the U.S. House of Representatives
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2011:
1727:
1633:
1630:
Lines in the Sand: Congressional Redistricting in Texas and the Downfall of Tom Delay
1489:
1486:
Lines in the Sand: Congressional Redistricting in Texas and the Downfall of Tom Delay
1464:
1461:
Lines in the Sand: Congressional Redistricting in Texas and the Downfall of Tom Delay
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1200:
1152:
1071:
518:
478:
468:
408:
358:
334:
151:
127:
99:
70:
1657:"Overview of pending Supreme Court voting rights case", with extensive further links
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758:
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458:
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474:
428:
273:
2028:
283:
and were referred to as the Texas Eleven. After a month-long stand off, Senator
2253:
1722:"Republicans enlisted Department of Homeland Security in Texas political fight"
1690:"Mess With Texas – the Supreme Court Has Another Look at Partisan Gerrymanders"
1511:"Drawing the Line – Will Tom Delay's Redistricting in Texas Cost Him His Seat?"
1359:
1342:
1338:
1331:
1264:
931:
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891:
885:
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111:
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2082:
On My Honor: Why the American Values of the Boy Scouts are Worth Fighting For
1758:
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1327:
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967:
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897:
848:
814:
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634:
628:
594:
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554:
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508:
484:
438:
418:
338:
312:
284:
203:
led the Republican effort to redraw congressional districts between censuses.
103:
42:
704:
196:
1247:
1207:
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881:
844:
774:
754:
674:
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368:
167:
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95:
1139:) changed his party affiliation to Republican and was reelected in 2004.
985:
1982:
1303:
1172:
1131:
943:
694:
584:
444:
354:
269:
249:
239:
223:
175:
1239:. He unsuccessfully ran against that district's Republican incumbent,
245:
2234:
1156:
211:
200:
1663:
United States Supreme Court oral argument transcript in pending case
1123:) did not seek reelection in 2004. His seat was won by Republican
2293:
1124:
957:
1909:
1672:
1192:
947:
261:
134:
seats from Texas held by their party. After the 2002 election,
1951:
1296:
54:
2203:
1668:
Texas Redistricting U.S. Supreme Court Cases Resource Center
41:
was a controversial intercensus state plan that defined new
2268:
1678:
United States District Court decision in pending litigation
997:
At the time of the 2003 redistricting, Texas was under the
161:
1171:
that year, but in 2008 he was defeated by the Republican
1167:
charges). He won election to the historically Republican
1299:
president of Texas, who easily won the general election.
1263:. Frost's old district, in its redrawn form, was won by
1757:
1431:"Justices Back Most G.O.P. Changes to Texas Districts"
1060:
The US Supreme Court issued an opinion on the case in
1323:. He had faced a stiff challenge from conservative
1155:area in 2006 and ran for the seat being vacated by
1070:was invalid, as it violated Section 2 of the 1965
2133:League of United Latin American Citizens v. Perry
2088:Fed Up! Our Fight to Save America from Washington
1621:
1259:and lost to the district's Republican incumbent,
1063:League of United Latin American Citizens v. Perry
84:League of United Latin American Citizens v. Perry
2364:
1710:"Justice Staff Saw Texas Districting As Illegal"
1557:"Justice Staff Saw Texas Districting As Illegal"
1315:The redistricting appeared intended to protect
233:
2351:No Retreat, No Surrender: One American's Fight
1632:. University of Texas Press. pp. 98–101.
1590:GOP 3,833,932; Dems 2,709,749; Others 217, 460
1330:in 2002. It also neutralized liberal Democrat
1291:district. Bell lost the Democratic primary to
185:For Texas House and Senate redistricting, the
33:hold, and light red denotes a Republican gain.
2219:
2193:Days of Prayer for Rain in the State of Texas
1967:
1743:
1604:"July 14 deadline set on redistricting plans"
1502:
1425:
1423:
1452:
1055:
980:
1997:Texas House of Representatives, District 64
1900:National Democratic Redistricting Committee
1627:
1483:
1458:
305:, quoted Texas's junior Republican Senator
226:. TRMPAC was modeled closely after DeLay's
106:was forced into a December run-off after a
2226:
2212:
1974:
1960:
1750:
1736:
1477:
1420:
1235:) was shifted into the heavily Republican
295:An article in the March 6, 2006, issue of
1488:. University of Texas Press. p. 49.
1463:. University of Texas Press. p. 46.
2300:The Big Buy: Tom DeLay's Stolen Congress
984:
244:
195:
162:1991–2003 evolution and Tom DeLay's role
20:
2403:2003 controversies in the United States
1905:National Republican Redistricting Trust
2365:
1601:
1508:
1386:from the original on September 7, 2009
989:U.S. congressional districts covering
98:in violation of Section 2 of the 1965
2308:Jack Abramoff Indian lobbying scandal
2207:
1955:
1731:
1554:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1283:) had his district renumbered as the
1267:, a Republican state legislator from
1085:
1509:Toobin, Jeffrey (February 6, 2006).
2393:Gerrymandering in the United States
2329:Americans for a Republican Majority
1441:
1068:Texas's 23rd congressional district
228:Americans for a Republican Majority
110:; he lost to Democratic challenger
92:Texas's 23rd congressional district
49:, this redistricting supported the
13:
2171:Al Gore 1988 presidential campaign
1759:Redistricting in the United States
1541:
14:
2414:
1650:
1287:, which was gerrymandered into a
1159:(who had resigned due to pending
1001:requirements of Section 5 of the
2373:Congressional districts of Texas
2334:Texans for a Republican Majority
2267:
2183:Republican Governors Association
2027:
1673:Current Texas election districts
216:Texans for a Republican Majority
2002:Texas Agricultural Commissioner
1602:Castro, April (June 29, 2006).
1595:
1574:
1555:Eggen, Dan (December 2, 2005).
605:F.F. (Trey) Martinez Fischer 3d
191:Legislative Redistricting Board
61:seats for the first time since
2115:Texas Emerging Technology Fund
1981:
1528:
1398:
1372:
1341:. He was defeated by Democrat
1031:The article noted that senior
1024:In addition, according to the
139:Texas House by Representative
1:
2233:
1582:"Texas 2004 Election Results"
1365:
735:Inocente (Chente) Quintanilla
2007:Lieutenant Governor of Texas
1718:, December 2, 2005, page A01
1038:
765:Eduardo R. (Eddie) Rodriguez
234:Special legislative sessions
7:
2388:Political scandals in Texas
2120:Texas Tax Reform Commission
1931:Congressional apportionment
1628:Bickerstaff, Steve (2007).
1484:Bickerstaff, Steve (2007).
1459:Bickerstaff, Steve (2007).
1348:
1319:, a Hispanic Republican of
117:
79:United States Supreme Court
10:
2419:
2139:Texas Virtual Border Watch
1380:"2002 Election Statistics"
866:List of the "Texas Eleven"
220:political action committee
2383:2003 in American politics
2342:
2321:
2276:
2265:
2241:
2152:
2097:
2074:
2036:
2025:
1989:
1918:
1892:
1811:
1765:
1724:, WSW News, May 17, 2003.
1659:, Northwestern University
1056:2006 Supreme Court review
1003:Voting Rights Act of 1965
981:Justice Department review
675:Richard J. (Rick) Noriega
625:James M. (Jim) McReynolds
405:Robert L. (Robby) Cook 3d
29:hold, dark red denotes a
2294:2003 Texas redistricting
2110:2003 Texas redistricting
1941:Redistricting commission
1408:. Caselaw.lp.findlaw.com
425:Joseph D. (Joe) Deshotel
207:In September 2001, then
132:House of Representatives
39:2003 Texas redistricting
715:Joseph C. (Joe) Pickett
545:Gladys E. (Terri) Hodge
495:Jessica Cristina Farrar
325:List of the "Killer Ds"
281:Albuquerque, New Mexico
128:Texas state legislature
43:congressional districts
2284:Campaign finance trial
1692:, by Dahlia Lithwick,
1022:
1008:But in December 2005,
994:
257:
204:
96:racially gerrymandered
69:in both houses of the
34:
2249:Texas's 22nd district
1683:May 26, 2006, at the
1215:) was moved into the
1076:racial gerrymandering
1017:
988:
825:Michael U. Villarreal
805:Senfronia P. Thompson
585:James E. (Pete) Laney
445:James R. (Jim) Dunnam
301:magazine, written by
248:
199:
156:racial gerrymandering
53:taking a majority of
24:
2242:Congressional career
2105:Trans-Texas Corridor
1033:political appointees
991:Travis County, Texas
938:Leticia Van de Putte
898:Juan "Chuy" Hinojosa
615:Ruth Jones McClendon
565:Charles L. Hopson 2d
252:led the "Killer Ds"
94:, which it held was
2043:Governor of Texas:
1715:The Washington Post
1706:, December 6, 2005.
1586:The Washington Post
1561:The Washington Post
1187:) was moved to the
1046:one-person-one-vote
1011:The Washington Post
835:Miguel D. Wise, Jr.
785:José S. (Jim) Solis
209:House Majority Whip
126:won control of the
2259:Terri Schiavo case
2166:Aggie Yell Leaders
2126:Van Orden v. Perry
1702:, by Mark Posner,
1435:The New York Times
1103:) was defeated in
1086:Targeted Democrats
995:
876:Gonzalo Barrientos
745:Richard E. Raymond
705:L. Aaron Peña, Jr.
595:John P. Mabry, Jr.
258:
214:(TX-22) organized
205:
189:provides that the
187:Texas Constitution
35:
2360:
2359:
2201:
2200:
2188:Rosemary Lehmberg
2012:Governor of Texas
1949:
1948:
1639:978-0-292-71474-8
1608:Houston Chronicle
1495:978-0-292-71474-8
1470:978-0-292-71474-8
1406:"Cases and Codes"
1355:Call of the house
1289:minority-majority
1201:Voting Rights Act
1072:Voting Rights Act
977:
976:
858:
857:
535:L. Scott Hochberg
395:Garnet F. Coleman
365:Gabriella Canales
335:Roberto R. Alonzo
264:(an act known as
174:and Lt. Governor
152:Voting Rights Act
100:Voting Rights Act
71:Texas Legislature
2410:
2289:K Street Project
2271:
2228:
2221:
2214:
2205:
2204:
2177:Man of the House
2059:U.S. President:
2031:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1953:
1952:
1919:Related articles
1752:
1745:
1738:
1729:
1728:
1696:, March 1, 2006.
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1619:
1618:
1616:
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1445:
1439:
1438:
1437:. June 28, 2006.
1427:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1376:
1345:in the run-off.
1241:Randy Neugebauer
1228:Charlie Stenholm
1197:Leticia Hinojosa
1165:money laundering
964:Judith Zaffirini
908:Eddie Lucio, Jr.
862:
861:
845:Steven D. Wolens
815:Carlos I. Uresti
795:Barry B. Telford
779:Dripping Springs
725:Robert R. Puente
685:Rene O. Oliveira
665:Elliott Naishtat
635:José A. Menéndez
485:David L. Farabee
321:
320:
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1685:Wayback Machine
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928:Eliot Shapleigh
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775:Patrick M. Rose
755:Allan B. Ritter
529:Rio Grande City
505:Pete P. Gallego
475:Juan M. Escobar
455:A. Craig Eiland
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1332:Ciro Rodriguez
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298:The New Yorker
290:Reconstruction
266:quorum-busting
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172:George W. Bush
163:
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112:Ciro Rodriguez
108:jungle primary
63:Reconstruction
47:2004 elections
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1611:. Retrieved
1607:
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1564:. Retrieved
1560:
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1534:Paul Burka,
1530:
1518:. Retrieved
1514:
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1479:
1460:
1454:
1443:
1434:
1410:. Retrieved
1400:
1388:. Retrieved
1374:
1336:
1314:
1302:
1285:9th district
1274:
1248:Martin Frost
1246:
1226:
1208:Chet Edwards
1206:
1178:
1144:Nick Lampson
1142:
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1023:
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996:
882:Rodney Ellis
569:Jacksonville
525:Ryan Guillen
415:Yvonne Davis
375:Jaime Capelo
311:
296:
294:
278:
259:
237:
218:(TRMPAC), a
206:
184:
180:
168:Ann Richards
165:
149:
121:
89:
82:
38:
36:
18:
2160:Anita Perry
1520:February 6,
1221:Bill Flores
1096:Max Sandlin
922:San Antonio
918:Frank Madla
912:Brownsville
829:San Antonio
819:San Antonio
729:San Antonio
689:Brownsville
639:San Antonio
619:San Antonio
609:San Antonio
589:Hale Center
389:San Antonio
307:John Cornyn
154:because of
145:Weatherford
124:Republicans
57:'s federal
51:Republicans
2398:Rick Perry
2367:Categories
2144:Indictment
1983:Rick Perry
1879:Washington
1834:California
1704:Legal News
1538:, May 2006
1366:References
1304:Gene Green
1276:Chris Bell
1269:Carrollton
1173:Pete Olson
1161:conspiracy
1153:Sugar Land
1132:Ralph Hall
1116:Jim Turner
944:Royce West
519:Eagle Pass
479:Kingsville
469:Huntsville
409:Eagle Lake
359:Fort Worth
270:Rick Perry
250:Jim Dunnam
240:Rick Perry
224:Pete Laney
176:Rick Perry
31:Republican
27:Democratic
2235:Tom DeLay
2037:Elections
1884:Wisconsin
1157:Tom DeLay
1039:Criticism
894:(Houston)
789:Harlingen
759:Nederland
465:Dan Ellis
459:Galveston
212:Tom DeLay
201:Tom DeLay
141:Phil King
136:Democrats
67:Democrats
45:. In the
2162:(spouse)
1926:Case law
1874:Virginia
1844:Michigan
1829:Arkansas
1812:By state
1766:By cycle
1681:Archived
1613:June 20,
1566:June 20,
1412:June 20,
1384:Archived
1349:See also
1325:Democrat
1293:Al Green
878:(Austin)
739:Tornillo
709:Edinburg
429:Beaumont
118:Overview
87:(2006).
75:walkouts
2343:Related
2153:Related
1990:Offices
1839:Georgia
1824:Arizona
1819:Alabama
1125:Ted Poe
1020:effect.
958:Houston
932:El Paso
902:McAllen
886:Houston
839:Weslaco
809:Houston
719:El Paso
679:Houston
659:El Paso
649:Houston
539:Houston
499:Houston
399:Houston
349:Houston
254:walkout
73:staged
2098:Issues
2017:tenure
1910:REDMAP
1636:
1492:
1467:
1193:fajita
968:Laredo
948:Dallas
849:Dallas
799:DeKalb
769:Austin
749:Laredo
669:Austin
629:Lufkin
579:Dallas
549:Dallas
509:Alpine
439:Austin
419:Dallas
339:Dallas
262:quorum
122:After
2075:Books
1864:Texas
1694:Slate
1321:TX-23
1309:TX-29
1297:NAACP
1281:TX-25
1253:TX-24
1233:TX-17
1213:TX-11
1185:TX-10
1015:said
559:Paris
369:Alice
59:House
55:Texas
2055:2010
2050:2006
2045:2002
1868:2003
1854:Ohio
1803:2020
1798:2010
1793:2000
1788:1990
1783:1980
1778:1970
1773:1960
1634:ISBN
1615:2010
1568:2010
1522:2006
1490:ISBN
1465:ISBN
1414:2010
1392:2009
1163:and
1149:TX-9
1137:TX-4
1121:TX-2
1105:2004
1101:TX-1
1026:Post
599:Waco
449:Waco
37:The
1074:by
143:of
81:in
2369::
1712:,
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1543:^
1513:.
1433:.
1422:^
1382:.
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292:.
114:.
65:.
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2220:t
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1975:e
1968:t
1961:v
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1866:(
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