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796:. Across seven states, damage totaled over $ 200 million (1991 USD). Over a three-day period, the storm lashed the northeastern United States with high waves, causing damage to beachfront properties from North Carolina to Maine. The coastal flooding damaged or destroyed hundreds of homes and businesses and closed roads and airports. In addition, high winds left about 38,000 people without power. The total without power was much less than for Hurricane Bob two months prior, and was fairly low due to little rainfall and the general lack of leaves on trees. Overall there were thirteen confirmed deaths, including six on board
1003:. More than half of the damage total was from property damage, with the remainder to transportation, seawalls, and public facilities. Although there were no deaths, there were two injuries in the state. In neighboring New Hampshire, coastal flooding affected several towns, destroying two homes. The storm destroyed three boats and damaged a lighthouse. High waves destroyed or swept away over 50,000 lobster traps, representing $ 2 million in losses (1991 USD). Damage was estimated at $ 5.6 million (1991 USD). Further west, high winds and coastal flooding lashed the Rhode Island and Connecticut coasts, killing a man in
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193:
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777:
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839:
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36:
955:, the highest tide was 14.3 ft (4.4 m), which was only 1 ft (30 cm) lower than the record from the blizzard of 1978. High waves on top of the storm tide reached about 30 ft (9.1 m). The storm produced heavy rainfall in southeastern Massachusetts, peaking at 5.5 inches (140 mm). Coastal floods closed several roads, forcing hundreds of people to evacuate. In addition to the high tides, the storm produced strong winds;
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640:. The hurricane accelerated toward the northeast and quickly weakened back into a tropical storm. It made landfall near Halifax, Nova Scotia, at 14:00 UTC on November 2, with sustained winds of 45 mph (72 km/h). While the storm was approaching the coast, weather radars depicted curved rainbands on the western side of the system. After crossing over
350:. High waves swept two people to their deaths, one in Rhode Island and one in Puerto Rico, and another person was blown off a bridge to his death. The tropical cyclone that formed late in the storm's duration caused little impact, limited to power outages and slick roads; one person was killed in Newfoundland from a traffic accident related to the storm.
516:. The interaction between the extratropical storm and the high pressure system to its north created a significant pressure gradient, which created large waves and strong winds. Between the southern New England coast and the storm's center, the pressure differential was 70 mbar (2.1 inHg). A buoy located 264 miles (425 km) south of
1193:. Damage in the state was estimated at $ 3 million (1991 USD). High waves also affected Bermuda, the Bahamas, and the Dominican Republic. In Puerto Rico, waves of 15 ft (4.6 m) affected the island's north coast, which prompted 32 people to seek shelter. The waves swept a person off a large rock to his death.
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in which Case described the convergence of weather conditions as being "perfect" for the formation of such a storm. Other
National Weather Service offices were tasked with issuing warnings for this storm in lieu of the typical NHC advisories. The OPC posted warnings on the unnamed hurricane in its
664:
forecast the development of a significant storm off New
England. However, the models were inadequate in forecasting coastal conditions, which in one instance failed to provide adequate warning. In addition, a post-storm assessment found an insufficient number of observation sites along the coast. On
488:
was swept aloft by its cold front into the warm conveyor belt circulation of the deep cyclone on
October 29, with the storm completely absorbing Grace by the next day. The cyclone significantly strengthened as a result of the temperature contrast between the cold air to the northwest, and the warmth
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had large portions covered with water for several blocks away from the beach. The resultant flooding damaged 525 houses and 28 businesses and destroyed two motels and a few homes. Damage was estimated at $ 6.7 million (1991 USD). Farther south, the storm left 14 people injured in
Florida. There was
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named officially recognized tropical storms and hurricanes. The unnamed hurricane was reported to have met all the criteria for a tropical cyclone, but it was purposefully left unnamed. This was done to avoid confusion among the media and the public, who were focusing on the damage from the initial
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rivers experienced tidal flooding. Outside
Massachusetts, damage was heaviest in southern New Jersey, where the cost was estimated at $ 75 million (1991 USD). Across the area, tide heights reached their highest since the 1944 hurricane, leaving severe coastal and back bay flooding and closing many
904:
arrived and rescued four members of the crew of five after six hours in hypothermic waters. The survivors were pilots, Major
Christopher David Ruvola and Captain Graham Buschor, flight engineer Staff Sergeant James R. Mioli, and pararescue jumper Technical Sergeant John Spillane. The fifth member,
330:
off the coast of Nova Scotia reported a wave height of 100.7 feet (30.7 m), the highest ever recorded in the province's offshore waters. In
Massachusetts, where damage was heaviest, over 100 homes were destroyed or severely damaged. To the north, more than 100 homes were affected in Maine,
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Elsewhere in New
England, waves up to 30 ft (9.1 m) reached as far north as Maine, along with tides that were 3 ft (0.91 m) above normal. Significant flooding was reported in that state, along with high winds that left areas without power. A total of 49 houses were severely
673:
likewise issued warnings for the potential storm, providing information to emergency service offices as well as the media. The public however was skeptical and did not recognize the threat. The timely warnings ultimately lowered the death toll; whereas the
Perfect Storm caused 13 deaths, the
653:
999:, tides were 3 ft (0.91 m) above normal, among the ten highest tides since record-keeping began in 1914. Along the coast, damage was worse than that caused by Hurricane Bob two months prior. Across Maine, the storm left $ 7.9 million (1991 USD) in damage, mostly in
942:
opened service centers in four locations in
Massachusetts to assist the storm victims by providing food, clothing, medicine, and shelter. The agency deployed five vehicles carrying cleanup units and food, and allocated $ 1.4 million to provide assistance to 3,000 families.
1038:
due to slick roads. On October 28, prior to the nor'easter's development into a subtropical storm, a record 4.4 in (116 mm) of snowfall was recorded across Newfoundland. The storm caused no significant damage in Canada, other than these traffic accidents.
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last known position, recorded a 73 ft (22 m) rise in wave height in 10 hours while the extratropical storm was still rapidly intensifying. Two buoys near the Massachusetts coast observed record wave heights, and one observed a record wind report. The
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Most of the damage occurred while the storm was extratropical, after waves up to 30 feet (10 m) struck the coastline from Nova Scotia to Florida and southeastward to Puerto Rico. In portions of New England, the damage was worse than that caused by
701:
and later a warning was issued, along with a gale warning. The Hatteras NWS office ultimately released 19 coastal flood statements, as well as media reports explaining the threat from the wind and waves, and a state of emergency was declared for
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sank while returning to Gloucester, her debris washing ashore over the subsequent weeks. The crew of six was presumed killed after a Coast Guard search was unable to find them. The storm and the boat's sinking became the center-piece for
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Despite the storm's severity, it was neither the costliest nor the strongest to affect the northeastern United States. It was weakening as it made its closest approach to land, and the highest tides occurred during the
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left it unnamed to avoid confusion amid media interest in the precursor extratropical storm. The system was the twelfth and final tropical cyclone, the eighth tropical storm, and fourth hurricane in the
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Upon peaking in intensity, the nor'easter turned southward and gradually weakened; by November 1, its pressure had risen to 998 millibars (29.5 inHg). The low moved over warm waters of the
806:, for the waters off Nova Scotia. After encountering high seas in the middle of the storm, the vessel made its last radio contact late on October 28, about 180 miles (290 km) northeast of
724:
on the hurricane, the National Hurricane Center only referred to the system as "Unnamed Hurricane". The Natural Disaster Survey Report called the storm "The Halloween Nor'easter of 1991". The "
594:, reported maximum sustained winds of 61 mph (98 km/h) with gusts to 72 mph (116 km/h) and a significant wave height of 31 feet (9.4 m) near 00:00 UTC on October 31.
1148:, high waves were initially caused by Hurricane Grace and later its interaction with a high pressure system. This produced gale-force winds and 12 ft (3.7 m) waves in the town of
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898:, after it was unable to refuel in flight and ran out of fuel. After the helicopter had attempted a rescue in the midst of the storm, an 84-person crew on the Coast Guard Cutter
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and turned toward the northeast. On November 1, the system evolved into a full-fledged hurricane, with peak sustained winds of 75 miles per hour (120 km/h), although the
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From Massachusetts to Maine, thousands of people evacuated their homes and sought shelter. A state of emergency was declared for nine counties in Massachusetts, including
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later in its life. Damage from the storm totaled over $ 200 million (1991 USD) and thirteen people were killed in total, six of which were an outcome of the sinking of
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and moisture from the remnants of Grace. The low-pressure system continued deepening as it drifted toward the United States. It had an unusual retrograde motion for a
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2016:
484:, with a strong high pressure center over eastern Canada. The blocking ridge forced the extratropical low to track toward the southeast and later to the west.
346:, an Air National Guard helicopter ran out of fuel and crashed; four members of its crew were rescued and one died. Two people died after their boat sank off
1030:
were left without power. The storm also caused widespread power outages in Newfoundland from its high winds, which reached 68 mph (110 km/h) near
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2437:
1993:
975:. There were two injuries in the state, although there were no fatalities. Across Massachusetts, damage totaled in the hundreds of millions of dollars.
472:
that exited the east coast of the United States. On October 28, the front spawned an extratropical low to the east of Nova Scotia. Around that time, a
508:, the storm attained its peak intensity with winds of up to 70 mph (110 km/h). The nor'easter reached peak intensity at approximately 12:00
493:, beginning a set of meteorological circumstances that occur only once every 50 to 100 years. Most nor'easters affect New England from the southwest.
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of 75 mph (121 km/h); these estimates, combined with reports from an Air Force Reserve Unit flight into the storm and confirmation that a
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1600:
867:, which is the time when tide ranges are minimal. The worst of the storm effects stayed offshore. A buoy 650 miles (1,050 km) northeast of
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342:. More than 38,000 people were left without power, and along the coast high waves inundated roads and buildings. Off the shore of New York's
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Along the Massachusetts coastline, the storm produced 25 ft (7.6 m) wave heights on top of a 4 ft (1.2 m) high tide. In
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requested a declaration for portions of the coastline, but the request was denied because of the funding needs of other disasters, such as
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563:(average height of the highest one-third of all waves) of 39 feet (12 m) around 15:00 UTC on October 30. Another buoy, located at
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to be disaster areas. The declaration allowed for the affected residents to apply for low-interest repair loans. New Jersey governor
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1152:. Later, the extratropical predecessor to the unnamed hurricane produced additional high waves, causing oceanfront flooding from
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first issued a heavy surf advisory on October 27, more than eight hours before the first reports of high waves. That same day, a
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1963:
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nor'easter, as the hurricane itself was not expected to pose a major threat to land. It was the eighth nameable storm of the
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noted that a "dangerous storm" would form within 36 hours, with its wording emphasizing the unusual nature of the storm. The
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reported a wave height of 100.7 feet (30.7 m) on October 30. This became the highest recorded wave height on the
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Boardwalk. Fire Island National Seashore was affected, washing away an entire row of waterfront houses in towns like
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1026:. In Nova Scotia, where the storm made landfall, precipitation reached 1.18 in (30 mm), and 20,000 people in
1302:– A similar nor'easter that developed into Tropical Storm Wanda several days after striking the Northeastern U.S.
1246:
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reported maximum sustained winds of 56 mph (90 km/h) with gusts to 75 mph (121 km/h), and a
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1989:
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pararescue jumper Technical Sergeant Arden Richard Smith, was never found. They were all featured on the show
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1288:
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The Halloween Storm of 1991 left significant damage along the east coast of the United States, primarily in
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before turning to the southwest and weakening. Moving over warmer waters, the system transitioned into a
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1185:. In some locations, beaches gained additional sand from the wave action. Two people went missing off
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1132:, reached a record height of 7.8 ft (2.4 m), while elsewhere the tides were similar to the
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helicopter of the 106th Air Rescue Wing ditched during the storm, 90 miles (140 km) south of
2120:
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in northeastern Massachusetts to Nantucket, with over 100 homes destroyed or severely damaged at
907:
721:
694:
666:
629:
560:
717:, as well as from Nova Scotia to Prince Edward Island and between Nova Scotia and Newfoundland.
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In New York and northern New Jersey, the storm system left the most coastal damage since the
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314:. The tropical system weakened, striking Nova Scotia as a tropical storm before dissipating.
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Off the coast of Atlantic Canada, the storm produced very high waves, flooding a ship near
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had been identified at the center of the larger low. (Although these conditions are rare,
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center was present, indicated that the system had become a Category 1 hurricane on the
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and stranding another ship. Along the coast, the waves wrecked three small boats near
689:, as well as two in Maine. In North Carolina, the National Weather Service offices in
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The tropical storm making landfall west of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, on November 2
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minor beach erosion and flooding, which damaged two houses and destroyed the pier at
992:
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895:
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710:
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In Canada, the threat from the storm prompted the cancellation of ferry service from
610:
525:
339:
1063:. High winds swept a man off a bridge, killing him. High waves flooded the beach at
1047:
776:
1125:
1124:, there was widespread water damage to homes, including ten affected houses in the
1113:
1080:
1071:, waves washed over a seawall, forcing 200 people to evacuate. Further inland, the
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437:
368:
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
294:
271:
237:
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for the storm. Local NWS offices along the East coast covered the storm in their
364:
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1160:. Flooding was first reported on October 28, when the ocean covered a portion of
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996:
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along rivers, the storm's effects were primarily concentrated along the coast. A
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131:
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1693:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 2686. Archived from
1473:. National Oceanographic & Atmospheric Administration News. June 16, 2000.
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181:
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rescued 25 people at sea at the height of the storm, including 13 people from
838:
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991:, the storm blew out windows and flooded the vacation home of then-President
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706:. The warnings and lead times in the region were described as "very good".
613:. On November 1, while the storm was moving in a counter-clockwise loop, a
609:
around the center began to organize. Around this time, the system attained
327:
293:. The storm lashed the east coast of the United States with high waves and
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Following the storm's damage, President George H. W. Bush declared five
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on clamming in the state's bays, due to contaminated waters. Along the
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damaged, 2 were destroyed, and overall more than 100 were affected. In
927:
793:
528:
off the coast of Nova Scotia. East of Cape Cod, a NOAA buoy located at
469:
123:
35:
959:
recorded a gust of 78 mph (126 km/h). Damage was worst from
744:. The National Weather Service State Forecast Office in Boston issued
628:
was forming, and the tropical cyclone reached its peak intensity with
868:
864:
764:. Had the system been named instead, it would have received the name
481:
1104:
system mitigated the erosion in some areas. There was damage to the
289:
to its north, it reached its peak intensity as a large and powerful
1059:. Numerous boats were damaged or destroyed, killing two people off
960:
602:
513:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1471:"NOAA Meteorologist Bob Case, the Man Who Named the Perfect Storm"
220:(especially in the years immediately after it took place) and the
1834:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from
1768:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1663:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from
1442:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from
1393:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from
621:
during 1980 formed within a larger non-tropical weather system.)
290:
652:
1579:
1189:
after their boat lost power. High waves destroyed a portion of
995:. The home sustained significant damage to its first floor. In
952:
825:(1997), which was adapted to a major Hollywood film in 2000 as
19:"Halloween Storm" redirects here. For the 2011 nor'easter, see
2278:"Bush to assess damage to Kennebunkport home battered by sea"
1437:
301:
before becoming a tropical storm. It executed a loop off the
1168:; the route is the primary thoroughfare in the Outer Banks.
656:
The Perfect Storm to the south of Nova Scotia on October 30.
1101:
392:
Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
387:
Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
1051:
The cyclone near its closest approach to the United States
1034:. There were at least 35 traffic accidents, one fatal, in
460:, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression
412:
Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
407:
Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
1658:
1594:
982:
Street flooding in Ocean City, New Jersey, from the storm
509:
402:
Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
768:, which was the next name on the 1991 list after Grace.
397:
Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
2212:
2084:"Storms turn elements loose: waves, flood, snow, wind"
504:
While situated about 390 miles (630 km) south of
1828:"The Ocean Prediction Center and "The Perfect Storm""
1007:. Winds reached 63 miles per hour (101 km/h) in
40:
The unnamed hurricane at peak intensity on November 1
1200:
417:
Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
258:. The nor'easter received the name, playing off the
16:
Nor'easter and Category 1 Atlantic hurricane in 1991
1990:"Canadian Tropical Cyclone Season Summary for 1991"
1797:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
2114:"Surviving The Perfect Storm - Air National Guard"
1898:"Wind and water take toll along Connecticut Shore"
1747:"Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)"
1561:"A comparative retrospective on the Perfect Storm"
946:
1438:National Climatic Data Center (August 20, 2008).
1096:, as well as $ 10 million damage to the beach in
644:, the storm fully dissipated late on November 2.
2657:
2367:"Erosion is a sampling of hurricane's potential"
1686:Pasch, Richard; Avila, Lixion (March 26, 1992).
1595:Canadian Hurricane Centre (September 14, 2010).
1511:"East battered by storm born off Canada; 4 lost"
2217:. Down the Shore Publishing. pp. 148–150.
2147:"History – CGC Tamaroa and "The Perfect Storm""
728:" moniker was coined by author and journalist
512:on October 30 with its lowest pressure of 972
236:to its south and evolved into a small unnamed
2438:
2340:"Unnamed Hurricane Preliminary Report Page 3"
1964:"Unnamed Hurricane Preliminary Report Page 4"
1721:"Unnamed Hurricane Preliminary Report Page 2"
1627:"Unnamed Hurricane Preliminary Report Page 1"
2395:
2309:"N.H. lobster industry says it was hit hard"
2306:
2275:
2174:
2081:
2014:
1992:. Canadian Hurricane Centre. July 10, 2009.
1895:
1508:
732:after a conversation with NWS Boston Deputy
2696:1991 natural disasters in the United States
2342:. National Hurricane Center. Archived from
2213:Buchholz, Margaret; Larry Savadove (1993).
2017:"Ana, Bob, Claudette first hurricane names"
1128:area of Virginia Beach, Virginia. Tides in
802:, a swordfishing boat. The vessel departed
2445:
2431:
1685:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1563:. Boston National weather Service Office.
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1415:
871:, which was 60 miles (97 km) west of
647:
191:
34:
1931:
1855:
1853:
353:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2145:Thiesen, William H. (November 4, 2010).
1620:
1618:
1046:
977:
837:
775:
651:
495:
363:
2245:Hidlay, William C. (November 1, 1991).
2144:
2077:
2075:
2073:
1821:
1819:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1645:
1412:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
2658:
2364:
2331:
2257:from the original on September 9, 2015
2244:
2170:
2168:
1955:
1943:from the original on December 30, 2013
1859:
1850:
1739:
1712:
1567:from the original on February 14, 2013
1465:
1463:
1461:
1381:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1267:List of Category 1 Atlantic hurricanes
1042:
624:By around 14:00 UTC on November 1, an
262:, after a conversation between Boston
136:(972 mbar (28.7 inHg) while
2721:November 1991 events in North America
2551:
2546:
2426:
2231:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2177:"Red Cross Opens Assistance Shelters"
1970:from the original on October 25, 2012
1961:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1727:from the original on October 24, 2012
1633:from the original on October 23, 2012
1615:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
285:on October 28. Forced southward by a
2716:October 1991 events in North America
2398:"Wintry blast sends snow into Texas"
2149:. Coastguard Compass. Archived from
2070:
2045:
1996:from the original on October 2, 2013
1825:
1816:
1775:
1603:from the original on October 5, 2013
1558:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1084:roads. The storm caused significant
468:The Perfect Storm originated from a
2377:from the original on April 25, 2016
2165:
2106:
2082:Staff writer (September 11, 2011).
2058:from the original on April 27, 2016
2027:from the original on April 29, 2016
1862:"Atlantic Storm Wallops East Coast"
1688:"Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1980"
1679:
1521:from the original on April 29, 2016
1458:
1338:
1112:. Following the storm, there was a
13:
2201:
1920:
1884:
1804:from the original on June 29, 2011
1533:
1477:from the original on July 16, 2011
1318:
854:that rescued the crew of a downed
14:
2732:
2611:
2606:
2408:from the original on May 19, 2016
2396:Staff writer (November 1, 1991).
2365:Herzog, Carl (November 2, 1991).
2337:
2319:from the original on May 20, 2016
2307:Staff writer (November 2, 1991).
2288:from the original on May 12, 2016
2276:Staff writer (October 31, 1991).
2175:Staff writer (November 2, 1991).
2094:from the original on May 27, 2016
2048:"Search Ended for Lost Fishermen"
2046:Park, Paula (November 11, 1991).
1896:Staff writer (October 31, 1991).
1872:from the original on May 20, 2016
1860:Rogers, John (October 31, 1991).
1718:
1624:
1509:Staff writer (October 31, 1991).
1489:
1252:List of unnamed tropical cyclones
1156:through the northern portions of
1024:Torbay, Newfoundland and Labrador
819:'s best-selling non-fiction book
2711:Natural disasters in Nova Scotia
2638:
2637:
2587:
2582:
2476:
2215:Great Storms of the Jersey Shore
2189:from the original on May 1, 2016
1908:from the original on May 2, 2016
1763:
1384:""Perfect Storm" Damage Summary"
1325:Nantucket Historical Association
1231:
1217:
1203:
1139:
924:Rockingham County, New Hampshire
452:
442:
432:
322:two months earlier. Aside from
66:(Extratropical until October 31)
2686:Hurricanes in the United States
2575:
2570:
2563:
2558:
2515:
2510:
2389:
2358:
2300:
2269:
2138:
2039:
2008:
1982:
1826:Hoke, Jim (February 16, 2005).
1659:National Climatic Data Center.
1382:McCown, Sam (August 20, 2008).
1247:North Atlantic tropical cyclone
1092:(382,000 cubic meters) lost in
947:New England and Atlantic Canada
2676:Category 1 Atlantic hurricanes
2539:
2534:
2527:
2522:
2455:1991 Atlantic hurricane season
1934:"North Carolina Coastal Flood"
1597:"1991-Unnamed "Perfect Storm""
1559:Drag, Walter (July 14, 2000).
1321:"Journal of the No-Name Storm"
1312:
1257:List of New England hurricanes
762:1991 Atlantic hurricane season
638:Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale
312:1991 Atlantic hurricane season
228:in October 1991. Initially an
204:1991 Atlantic hurricane season
1:
2599:
2594:
2503:
2498:
2491:
2486:
2015:Staff Writer (June 2, 1991).
1966:. National Hurricane Center.
1939:. National Hurricane Center.
1723:. National Hurricane Center.
1629:. National Hurricane Center.
1391:National Climatic Data Center
1306:
1289:Tropical Storm Melissa (2019)
1057:1944 Great Atlantic hurricane
161:>$ 200 million (1991
1144:In North Carolina along the
224:, was a damaging and deadly
7:
2706:Natural disasters in Canada
2623:
2618:
1196:
1134:Ash Wednesday Storm of 1962
1022:, as well as nine boats in
936:1989 Loma Prieta earthquake
889:New York Air National Guard
704:Dare County, North Carolina
611:subtropical characteristics
281:developed off the coast of
113:75 mph (120 km/h)
10:
2737:
1932:Pelissier, Joseph (1991).
1749:(Database). United States
1005:Narragansett, Rhode Island
680:1938 New England hurricane
678:killed 99 people, and the
357:
178:Northeastern United States
18:
2633:
2483:
2474:
2461:
2453:Tropical cyclones of the
2247:"Maine hit hard by storm"
1832:Oceanic Prediction Center
1751:National Hurricane Center
1262:List of Canada hurricanes
1162:North Carolina Highway 12
1011:, causing power outages.
934:, Hurricane Bob, and the
920:counties in Massachusetts
881:United States Coast Guard
804:Gloucester, Massachusetts
771:
757:National Hurricane Center
746:Offshore Marine Forecasts
307:National Hurricane Center
199:
187:
169:
157:
149:
144:
117:
109:
93:
86:
71:
52:
45:
33:
21:2011 Halloween nor'easter
2701:1991 disasters in Canada
1211:Tropical cyclones portal
750:Coastal Waters Forecasts
671:National Weather Service
264:National Weather Service
2052:Sarasota Herald-Tribune
1962:Pasch, Richard (1991).
1300:October 2021 nor'easter
1272:1991 Halloween blizzard
969:Minot Beach in Scituate
780:Oceanfront flooding in
755:Beginning in 1950, the
722:tropical cyclone report
667:Ocean Prediction Center
648:Preparations and naming
630:maximum sustained winds
561:significant wave height
524:, which is the oceanic
2021:Portsmouth Daily Times
1599:. Environment Canada.
1069:Sea Bright, New Jersey
1052:
983:
859:
785:
782:Ocean City, New Jersey
657:
501:
465:
360:Hurricane Grace (1991)
354:Meteorological history
47:Meteorological history
1050:
1020:Tiverton, Nova Scotia
1009:Newport, Rhode Island
981:
841:
779:
715:Yarmouth, Nova Scotia
655:
499:
478:Appalachian Mountains
458:Extratropical cyclone
367:
246:, which inspired the
232:, the storm absorbed
230:extratropical cyclone
2681:Hurricanes in Canada
2315:. Associated Press.
2284:. Associated Press.
2282:The Pittsburgh Press
2253:. Associated Press.
2185:. Associated Press.
2182:The Sunday Telegraph
1904:. Associated Press.
1868:. Associated Press.
1838:on February 23, 2013
1517:. Associated Press.
1515:The Pittsburgh Press
1400:on September 6, 2021
1225:United States portal
1130:Ocean City, Maryland
1100:. The presence of a
908:I Shouldn't Be Alive
642:Prince Edward Island
506:Halifax, Nova Scotia
379:Saffir–Simpson scale
279:area of low pressure
222:Halloween Gale/Storm
118:Lowest pressure
88:Category 1 hurricane
29:1991 "Perfect Storm"
2625:"The Perfect Storm"
2346:on October 24, 2012
2126:on December 3, 2013
1792:"Executive Summary"
1700:on December 7, 2010
1667:on December 7, 2013
1661:"Unnamed Hurricane"
1440:"The Perfect Storm"
1043:Mid-Atlantic states
1036:Grand Falls-Windsor
742:High Seas Forecasts
699:coastal flood watch
682:killed 564 people.
578: /
543: /
448:Subtropical cyclone
303:Mid-Atlantic states
299:subtropical cyclone
174:Mid-Atlantic states
30:
2666:1991 Perfect Storm
1446:on January 9, 2017
1118:Delmarva Peninsula
1053:
984:
940:American Red Cross
860:
856:Air National Guard
786:
660:For several days,
658:
502:
476:extended from the
466:
214:1991 Perfect Storm
110:Highest winds
95:1-minute sustained
28:
2651:
2650:
2251:Bangor Daily News
2153:on March 18, 2012
1319:Beegel, Susan F.
993:George H. W. Bush
916:counties in Maine
896:Montauk, New York
885:Long Island Sound
828:The Perfect Storm
822:The Perfect Storm
711:Bar Harbor, Maine
480:northeastward to
340:George H. W. Bush
260:common expression
256:The Perfect Storm
218:The No-Name Storm
210:
209:
2728:
2691:1991 meteorology
2641:
2640:
2621:
2609:
2597:
2585:
2573:
2561:
2549:
2537:
2525:
2513:
2501:
2489:
2480:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2424:
2423:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2402:The News-Journal
2393:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2338:Pasch, Richard.
2335:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2242:
2229:
2228:
2210:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2172:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2125:
2119:. Archived from
2118:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2079:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1938:
1929:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1893:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1857:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1823:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1803:
1796:
1788:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1719:Pasch, Richard.
1716:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1699:
1692:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1656:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1625:Pasch, Richard.
1622:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1592:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1556:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1506:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1467:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1435:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1399:
1388:
1379:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1316:
1241:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1227:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1213:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1178:Kill Devil Hills
1158:Currituck County
1126:Sandbridge Beach
877:
817:Sebastian Junger
730:Sebastian Junger
676:blizzard of 1978
665:October 27, the
615:tropical cyclone
593:
592:
590:
589:
588:
583:
579:
576:
575:
574:
571:
558:
557:
555:
554:
553:
548:
544:
541:
540:
539:
536:
456:
455:
446:
445:
438:Tropical cyclone
436:
435:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
295:coastal flooding
272:Sebastian Junger
216:, also known as
195:
134:
89:
82:
80:
75:November 2, 1991
67:
63:
61:
56:October 28, 1991
48:
38:
31:
27:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2656:
2655:
2652:
2647:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2490:
2487:
2481:
2470:
2457:
2451:
2421:
2411:
2409:
2394:
2390:
2380:
2378:
2371:Boca Raton News
2363:
2359:
2349:
2347:
2336:
2332:
2322:
2320:
2305:
2301:
2291:
2289:
2274:
2270:
2260:
2258:
2243:
2232:
2225:
2211:
2202:
2192:
2190:
2173:
2166:
2156:
2154:
2143:
2139:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2116:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2097:
2095:
2080:
2071:
2061:
2059:
2044:
2040:
2030:
2028:
2013:
2009:
1999:
1997:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1973:
1971:
1960:
1956:
1946:
1944:
1936:
1930:
1921:
1911:
1909:
1894:
1885:
1875:
1873:
1858:
1851:
1841:
1839:
1824:
1817:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1794:
1790:
1789:
1776:
1764:
1756:
1754:
1753:. April 5, 2023
1745:
1744:
1740:
1730:
1728:
1717:
1713:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1690:
1684:
1680:
1670:
1668:
1657:
1646:
1636:
1634:
1623:
1616:
1606:
1604:
1593:
1580:
1570:
1568:
1557:
1534:
1524:
1522:
1507:
1490:
1480:
1478:
1469:
1468:
1459:
1449:
1447:
1436:
1413:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1386:
1380:
1339:
1329:
1327:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1294:Hurricane Henri
1283:Hurricane Sandy
1237:
1232:
1230:
1223:
1218:
1216:
1209:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1142:
1088:, with 500,000
1045:
949:
892:Sikorsky HH-60G
875:
774:
650:
586:
584:
580:
577:
572:
569:
567:
565:
564:
551:
549:
545:
542:
537:
534:
532:
530:
529:
486:Hurricane Grace
464:
463:
462:
461:
453:
450:
443:
440:
433:
430:
424:
423:
419:
418:
414:
413:
409:
408:
404:
403:
399:
398:
394:
393:
389:
388:
384:
382:
373:
369:
362:
356:
283:Atlantic Canada
234:Hurricane Grace
200:
145:Overall effects
135:
121:
87:
78:
76:
65:
64:
59:
57:
46:
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2734:
2724:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2617:
2605:
2593:
2581:
2569:
2557:
2545:
2533:
2521:
2509:
2497:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2450:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2427:
2420:
2419:
2388:
2357:
2330:
2299:
2268:
2230:
2223:
2200:
2164:
2137:
2105:
2069:
2038:
2007:
1981:
1954:
1919:
1902:Record-Journal
1883:
1849:
1815:
1774:
1738:
1711:
1678:
1644:
1614:
1578:
1532:
1488:
1457:
1411:
1337:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1297:
1291:
1286:
1280:
1277:Hurricane Juan
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1228:
1214:
1198:
1195:
1191:State Road A1A
1141:
1138:
1122:Virginia Beach
1044:
1041:
948:
945:
932:Hurricane Hugo
833:George Clooney
784:on October 31.
773:
770:
687:Suffolk County
662:weather models
649:
646:
619:Hurricane Karl
451:
441:
431:
426:
425:
383:
376:
375:
374:
371:
370:
355:
352:
331:including the
324:tidal flooding
208:
207:
197:
196:
185:
184:
182:Eastern Canada
171:
170:Areas affected
167:
166:
159:
155:
154:
151:
147:
146:
142:
141:
130:); 28.94
119:
115:
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111:
107:
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91:
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84:
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69:
68:
54:
50:
49:
43:
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39:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2733:
2722:
2719:
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2707:
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2702:
2699:
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2684:
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2679:
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2669:
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2664:
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2661:
2654:
2644:
2636:
2635:
2632:
2626:
2614:
2602:
2590:
2578:
2566:
2554:
2542:
2530:
2518:
2506:
2494:
2479:
2473:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2460:
2456:
2448:
2443:
2441:
2436:
2434:
2429:
2428:
2425:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2392:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2361:
2350:September 14,
2345:
2341:
2334:
2318:
2314:
2313:The Telegraph
2310:
2303:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2272:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2226:
2224:0-945582-51-X
2220:
2216:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2171:
2169:
2152:
2148:
2141:
2122:
2115:
2109:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2042:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2011:
2000:September 14,
1995:
1991:
1985:
1969:
1965:
1958:
1942:
1935:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1856:
1854:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1822:
1820:
1800:
1793:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1771:
1770:public domain
1757:September 22,
1752:
1748:
1742:
1731:September 14,
1726:
1722:
1715:
1704:September 13,
1696:
1689:
1682:
1671:September 14,
1666:
1662:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1637:September 14,
1632:
1628:
1621:
1619:
1602:
1598:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1566:
1562:
1555:
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1551:
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1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1476:
1472:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1450:September 14,
1445:
1441:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1424:
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1418:
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1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
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1255:
1253:
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1248:
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1244:
1240:
1239:Canada portal
1229:
1226:
1215:
1212:
1201:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1187:Daytona Beach
1184:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1154:Cape Hatteras
1151:
1147:
1140:Farther south
1137:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1106:Atlantic City
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1086:beach erosion
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1061:Staten Island
1058:
1049:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1028:Pictou County
1025:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
989:Kennebunkport
980:
976:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
944:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
912:
910:
909:
903:
902:
897:
893:
890:
886:
882:
874:
870:
866:
857:
853:
850:
846:
845:
840:
836:
834:
830:
829:
824:
823:
818:
813:
809:
805:
801:
800:
795:
792:and southern
791:
790:Massachusetts
783:
778:
769:
767:
763:
758:
753:
751:
747:
743:
738:
735:
734:Meteorologist
731:
727:
726:perfect storm
723:
718:
716:
712:
707:
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696:
692:
688:
683:
681:
677:
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595:
591:
582:40.5°N 69.5°W
562:
556:
547:41.1°N 66.6°W
527:
523:
522:Scotian Shelf
519:
515:
511:
507:
498:
494:
492:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
459:
449:
439:
429:
381:
380:
366:
361:
351:
349:
348:Staten Island
345:
341:
338:
334:
333:vacation home
329:
325:
321:
320:Hurricane Bob
315:
313:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
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2671:Nor'easters
1330:January 18,
1146:Outer Banks
1110:Fair Harbor
1090:cubic yards
1001:York County
973:Brant Point
873:Andrea Gail
849:Coast Guard
812:Andrea Gail
799:Andrea Gail
737:Robert Case
626:eye feature
599:Gulf Stream
587:40.5; -69.5
585: /
552:41.1; -66.6
550: /
344:Long Island
270:and author
268:Robert Case
266:forecaster
243:Andrea Gail
2660:Categories
2130:October 1,
1307:References
1183:Lake Worth
1174:Kitty Hawk
1114:moratorium
1081:Hackensack
965:Marshfield
928:Jim Florio
858:helicopter
794:New Jersey
607:convection
491:nor'easter
470:cold front
428:Storm type
358:See also:
250:and later
226:nor'easter
150:Fatalities
79:1991-11-03
72:Dissipated
60:1991-10-28
2553:Claudette
2088:Star-News
1170:Nags Head
1164:north of
869:Nantucket
865:neap tide
831:starring
634:warm-core
514:millibars
482:Greenland
337:President
238:hurricane
153:13 direct
2643:Category
2466:Timeline
2406:Archived
2375:Archived
2317:Archived
2286:Archived
2255:Archived
2187:Archived
2092:Archived
2056:Archived
2031:July 14,
2025:Archived
1994:Archived
1974:June 16,
1968:Archived
1947:June 16,
1941:Archived
1906:Archived
1870:Archived
1866:The Item
1799:Archived
1725:Archived
1631:Archived
1607:June 17,
1601:Archived
1565:Archived
1519:Archived
1475:Archived
1404:April 5,
1197:See also
1166:Rodanthe
1098:Cape May
997:Portland
961:Cape Ann
918:, seven
691:Hatteras
601:, where
422:Unknown
335:of then-
2412:July 3,
2381:July 3,
2323:July 3,
2292:July 3,
2261:July 3,
2193:July 3,
2157:July 3,
2098:July 3,
2062:July 3,
1912:July 3,
1876:July 3,
1842:July 1,
1808:July 1,
1571:July 1,
1525:July 3,
1481:July 1,
1077:Passaic
957:Chatham
901:Tamaroa
844:Tamaroa
720:In its
695:Raleigh
573:69°30′W
570:40°30′N
538:66°36′W
535:41°06′N
518:Halifax
372:Map key
291:cyclone
189:IBTrACS
77: (
58: (
2589:Fabian
2221:
1296:(2021)
1285:(2012)
1279:(2003)
1176:, and
1094:Avalon
1079:, and
1073:Hudson
971:, and
953:Boston
938:. The
922:, and
876:'s
852:cutter
772:Impact
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158:Damage
53:Formed
2613:Grace
2577:Erika
2565:Danny
2124:(PDF)
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1937:(GIF)
1802:(PDF)
1795:(PDF)
1698:(PDF)
1691:(PDF)
1398:(PDF)
1387:(PDF)
1067:. In
766:Henri
713:, to
603:bands
526:shelf
474:ridge
287:ridge
252:movie
99:SSHWS
2541:Five
2529:Four
2414:2011
2383:2011
2352:2009
2325:2011
2294:2011
2263:2011
2219:ISBN
2195:2011
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2132:2013
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1976:2011
1949:2011
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1810:2011
1759:2024
1733:2009
1706:2009
1673:2009
1639:2009
1609:2011
1573:2011
1527:2011
1483:2011
1452:2009
1406:2019
1332:2023
1150:Duck
1120:and
1102:dune
887:. A
847:, a
693:and
328:buoy
248:book
212:The
132:inHg
124:mbar
122:980
2601:Ten
2517:Bob
2505:Two
2493:Ana
605:of
510:UTC
274:.
163:USD
128:hPa
103:NWS
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