126:
55:
24:
32:
2636:
2425:
116:
1522:
620:
144:'s 1972 budget which was designed to return the Conservatives to power in an election expected in 1974 or 1975. This budget led to a brief period growth known as "The Barber Boom," followed by a
268:, the Chancellor of the Exchequer at the time, went on to state that the main reason the loan had to be requested was that public sector borrowing requirement figures provided by the
233:, which only lasted a few months. In 1966, the year before it closed, 20% of all world oil cargo tonnage passed through the canal, with most of it heading north for Europe.
275:
The IMF loan meant that the United
Kingdom's economy could be stabilised whilst drastic budget cuts were implemented. Despite the security provided by the loan, the
562:
588:
2514:
2588:
1757:
148:, high inflation and currency depreciation, culminating in the 1976 sterling crisis. Barber was forced to introduce anti-inflation measures, along with a
611:
455:
How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a
Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda
2292:
2277:
515:
2254:
822:
The IMF Crisis of 1976 and
British Politics: Keynesian Social Democracy, Monetarism and Economic Liberalism: the 1970s Struggle in British Politics
2675:
2509:
2357:
2239:
2178:
2141:
1975:
751:
2478:
2299:
1838:
157:
490:
264:
Only half of the loan was actually drawn by the
British government and it was repaid by 4 May 1979, the day after the general election.
2504:
2483:
2223:
2083:
1982:
903:
2391:
2090:
1933:
1566:
339:
226:
218:
2536:
2247:
2164:
2134:
2017:
2010:
1954:
1947:
1815:
1504:
815:
Wass, Douglas. Decline to Fall: The Making of
British Macro-economic Policy and the 1976 IMF Crisis. Oxford University Press, 2008.
475:
How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a
Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States
2321:
1940:
1193:
1114:
781:
2127:
2031:
1996:
1853:
1691:
1186:
304:
191:
2488:
1808:
1721:
1470:
1462:
872:
830:
2680:
2603:
2441:
172:
2665:
2457:
2156:
1425:
554:
2685:
2185:
726:
584:
2660:
2314:
2120:
1772:
1639:
1389:
851:
812:
Ludlam, Steve. "The gnomes of
Washington: Four myths of the 1976 IMF crisis." Political Studies 40.4 (1992): 713–727.
2593:
2462:
2414:
1559:
1171:
327:
1961:
1735:
1222:
2149:
2113:
2024:
1926:
896:
2384:
2350:
2285:
1989:
1860:
1801:
1654:
537:
392:
351:
70:
in the United
Kingdom. Inflation (at close to 25% in 1975, causing high bond yields and borrowing costs), a
2052:
1896:
1889:
1846:
1794:
1728:
1326:
482:
462:
2208:
2200:
1874:
1867:
1787:
1714:
1706:
1698:
1676:
1075:
511:
100:
2192:
2097:
1903:
1581:
1344:
86:
2670:
2307:
2231:
2003:
1486:
889:
256:. The oil crisis presented a severe economic shock to Britain, which it was ill-placed to withstand.
253:
202:
would soon lose value due to inflation. By June 1976, the pound had reached a record low against the
75:
1478:
677:
2639:
2598:
2560:
2377:
1968:
1631:
1603:
1440:
743:
2343:
2261:
1765:
1668:
1269:
180:
121:
Government borrowing for debt (10-year bond) increased to over 15% in the 1970s and early 1980s.
2336:
2038:
1433:
1284:
1277:
1229:
1215:
931:
473:
453:
345:
2268:
1661:
1515:
1178:
1160:
1087:
1066:
820:
2583:
2542:
2215:
2045:
1201:
1106:
1098:
1010:
613:
The
Politics of Economic Policy Making in Britain: A Re – assessment of the 1976 IMF Crisis
333:
40:
8:
2171:
1881:
1779:
1684:
1544:
1396:
1314:
1148:
973:
309:
291:. Some believe the sterling crisis and IMF bailout may have contributed significantly to
71:
1054:
658:
430:
184:
125:
2625:
1140:
1123:
1024:
868:
847:
826:
773:
722:
434:
426:
292:
276:
145:
96:
2530:
2105:
1620:
1615:
1031:
1003:
980:
912:
469:
449:
422:
410:
280:
230:
149:
107:. At the time this was the largest loan ever to have been requested from the IMF.
2400:
2065:
1915:
1750:
1596:
1552:
1451:
952:
862:
841:
249:
245:
176:
168:
130:
92:
79:
67:
1830:
1742:
1647:
1017:
996:
806:
699:
321:
237:
199:
141:
104:
2654:
2618:
1493:
1418:
1411:
1404:
1382:
1366:
1358:
1351:
1337:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1251:
1244:
1237:
1208:
1047:
1040:
966:
938:
195:
161:
1822:
1573:
1374:
945:
700:"Six-Day War | Definition, Causes, History, Summary, Outcomes, & Facts"
265:
2076:
1533:
1132:
989:
959:
315:
288:
269:
222:
187:
134:
54:
662:
646:
23:
215:
209:
31:
342:
shortly after the start of the "Six-Day War" or Third Arab–Israeli War
284:
203:
153:
924:
881:
2424:
2369:
318: – High inflation, low economic growth, and high unemployment
18:
Situation of prolonged doubt in the strength of
Britain's currency
744:"Defining Moment: Denis Healey agrees to the demands of the IMF"
488:
241:
839:
115:
287:
camps, causing bitter rows inside the party and with the
252:
and embargo. Britain was an ally to Israel during the
103:(IMF), with the intention of maintaining the value of
85:
The origins of the crisis have been attributed to the
1230:
Post-Napoleonic Irish grain price and land use shocks
864:
The British Labour Government and the 1976 IMF Crisis
549:
547:
411:"INFLATION ECONOMICS: THE HEATH–BARBER BOOM, 1972–74"
99:
government had to borrow $ 3.9 billion from the
210:
British ally to Israel during Arab-Israeli Conflicts
544:
140:Initiation of the inflationary cycle is traced to
371:equivalent to $ 20.9 billion in 2023 dollars
2652:
348: – Rise of many commodity prices in the 70s
244:crossing the Suez Canal aiming to take back the
336: – Winter of 1978–79 in the United Kingdom
312: – Inflation that develops at a rapid pace
860:
354: – Economic policy proposed by Tony Benn,
2385:
2358:List of stock market crashes and bear markets
897:
818:
843:Good-bye, Great Britain: The 1976 IMF Crisis
644:
441:
87:1972 Conservative "spend for growth" budget
2392:
2378:
904:
890:
330:, other currency crises in British history
2179:2015–2016 Chinese stock market turbulence
227:occupied the Sinai Peninsula for 15 years
647:"Soviet Oil Politics and the Suez Canal"
468:
448:
404:
402:
124:
114:
53:
30:
22:
840:Kathleen Burk; Alec Cairncross (1992).
491:"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–"
2676:Economic history of the United Kingdom
2653:
2084:Venezuelan banking crisis of 2009–2010
1854:South American economic crisis of 2002
1751:Black Wednesday (1992 Sterling crisis)
609:
408:
324: – Currency of the United Kingdom
305:Economic history of the United Kingdom
2373:
2135:2013 Chinese banking liquidity crisis
2091:2010–2014 Portuguese financial crisis
1567:Secondary banking crisis of 1973–1975
885:
784:from the original on 3 September 2017
741:
716:
626:from the original on 14 November 2016
619:. University of Warwick. p. 17.
565:from the original on 22 February 2014
489:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
399:
340:Closure of the Suez Canal (1967–1975)
194:in March 1976 and the resignation of
2165:Russian financial crisis (2014–2016)
2018:2008–2011 Icelandic financial crisis
2011:2008–2009 Ukrainian financial crisis
1976:2000s U.S. housing market correction
1816:1998–2002 Argentine great depression
911:
555:"Sterling devalued and the IMF loan"
518:from the original on 11 January 2021
2458:1979 Scottish devolution referendum
2399:
2322:2023–2024 Egyptian financial crisis
2157:Puerto Rican government-debt crisis
2150:2014–2016 Brazilian economic crisis
1523:1963–1965 Indonesian hyperinflation
1426:Shanghai rubber stock market crisis
1115:Dutch Republic stock market crashes
809:. "1976 IMF Crisis." (1989): 39–45.
675:
225:of that year, when Israel took and
133:caused an increase in the price of
13:
2423:
2128:2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis
2032:2008–2014 Spanish financial crisis
2004:2008–2009 Russian financial crisis
1997:2008–2009 Belgian financial crisis
1692:1988–1992 Norwegian banking crisis
1187:British credit crisis of 1772–1773
800:
754:from the original on 23 March 2019
279:had already begun separating into
198:, many investors became convinced
89:initiating the inflation cycle.
14:
2697:
2315:2023 United States banking crisis
2121:2011 Bangladesh share market scam
1809:1998–1999 Ecuador economic crisis
1773:Venezuelan banking crisis of 1994
1699:Japanese asset price bubble crash
1640:Souk Al-Manakh stock market crash
1390:Australian banking crisis of 1893
1194:Dutch Republic financial collapse
591:from the original on 7 March 2008
179:to withdraw temporarily from the
167:The crisis came to a head during
2635:
2634:
2463:1979 Welsh devolution referendum
1172:Amsterdam banking crisis of 1763
645:Klinghoffer, Arthur Jay (1975).
427:10.1111/j.1468-0270.2010.02028.x
248:from Israel. This triggered the
1897:2007 Chinese stock bubble crash
1223:Danish state bankruptcy of 1813
766:
742:Moran, Joe (4 September 2010).
735:
710:
692:
669:
638:
2278:Chinese property sector crisis
2186:2015–2016 stock market selloff
2114:August 2011 stock markets fall
2025:2008–2011 Irish banking crisis
1722:1990s Swedish financial crisis
1471:Weimar Republic hyperinflation
603:
577:
530:
504:
385:
365:
295:'s 1979 Conservative victory.
1:
2351:List of sovereign debt crises
2293:2022 Russian financial crisis
1990:2008 Latvian financial crisis
1983:U.S. bear market of 2007–2009
1861:Stock market downturn of 2002
1802:1998 Russian financial crisis
1655:1983 Israel bank stock crisis
819:Kevin Hickson (13 May 2005).
512:"Cabinet papers | IMF crisis"
378:
352:Alternative Economic Strategy
156:. The Conservatives lost the
2053:Greek government-debt crisis
1890:2004 Argentine energy crisis
1847:2001 Turkish economic crisis
1736:1990s Armenian energy crisis
1729:1990s Finnish banking crisis
1590:1976 British currency crisis
1560:1973–1974 stock market crash
825:. I.B.Tauris. pp. 14–.
483:American Antiquarian Society
463:American Antiquarian Society
7:
2681:International Monetary Fund
2209:2017 Sri Lankan fuel crisis
1875:2003 Myanmar banking crisis
1868:2002 Uruguay banking crisis
1788:1997 Asian financial crisis
1715:1991 Indian economic crisis
1707:Rhode Island banking crisis
1677:Cameroonian economic crisis
1463:Early Soviet hyperinflation
1076:Crisis of the Third Century
298:
219:closed down for eight years
101:International Monetary Fund
10:
2702:
2666:1976 in the United Kingdom
2589:1979 vote of no confidence
2240:Sri Lankan economic crisis
2098:Energy crisis in Venezuela
2077:2009 Dubai debt standstill
1927:2007–2008 financial crisis
1582:Latin American debt crisis
1345:Paris Bourse crash of 1882
259:
183:. After the defeat of the
110:
2686:History of pound sterling
2612:
2571:
2552:
2523:
2515:Cardiff South and Penarth
2497:
2471:
2450:
2434:
2421:
2407:
2331:
2308:2022 stock market decline
2300:Pakistani economic crisis
2286:2021–2023 inflation surge
2232:Lebanese liquidity crisis
2201:Venezuelan hyperinflation
2193:Brexit stock market crash
2142:Venezuela economic crisis
2064:
1914:
1904:Zimbabwean hyperinflation
1614:
1532:
1503:
1487:Wall Street Crash of 1929
1450:
1327:2nd Industrial Revolution
1325:
1261:
1161:1st Industrial Revolution
1159:
1086:
1064:
919:
846:. Yale University Press.
680:. Federal Reserve History
538:"UK – IMF Crisis of 1976"
393:"UK – IMF Crisis of 1976"
272:were grossly overstated.
2661:1976 in economic history
1969:Subprime mortgage crisis
1632:Brazilian hyperinflation
1604:Brazilian hyperinflation
1441:Financial crisis of 1914
1149:Mississippi bubble crash
774:"1976 government papers"
721:. Penguin. p. 432.
358:
2344:List of economic crises
2262:2020 stock market crash
2255:Financial market impact
2224:Turkish economic crisis
1839:9/11 stock market crash
1795:October 1997 mini-crash
1766:1994 bond market crisis
1758:Yugoslav hyperinflation
1669:Savings and loan crisis
1270:European potato failure
861:Mark D. Harmon (1997).
704:Encyclopedia Britannica
181:foreign exchange market
76:public-spending deficit
2479:Deputy leadership 1960
2428:
2337:List of banking crises
2106:Syrian economic crisis
2039:Blue Monday Crash 2009
1648:Chilean crisis of 1982
1479:Shōwa financial crisis
1285:Highland Potato Famine
1141:South Sea bubble crash
932:Commodity price shocks
717:Denis, Healey (1990).
678:"Oil Shock of 1973–74"
610:Rogers, Chris (2009).
409:Steele, G. R. (2010).
346:1970s commodities boom
137:
122:
59:
51:
28:
2427:
1662:Black Saturday (1983)
1516:Kennedy Slide of 1962
1088:Commercial revolution
559:The National Archives
514:. National Archives.
254:Arab–Israeli conflict
229:. That triggered the
158:1974 general election
128:
118:
58:GBP/USD exchange rate
57:
34:
26:
2584:Winter of Discontent
2579:1976 sterling crisis
2216:Ghana banking crisis
2046:European debt crisis
1831:Dot-com bubble crash
1743:Cuban Special Period
1202:Copper Panic of 1789
1107:The Great Debasement
1099:Great Bullion Famine
780:. 29 December 2006.
334:Winter of Discontent
64:1976 sterling crisis
27:UK inflation history
2604:Father of the House
2599:Resignation Honours
2553:Cultural depictions
2172:2015 Nepal blockade
1882:2000s energy crisis
1780:Mexican peso crisis
1685:Black Monday (1987)
1545:1970s energy crisis
1505:Post–WWII expansion
1179:Bengal bubble crash
974:Financial contagion
719:The Time of my Life
310:Galloping inflation
119:UK bonds 1960–2022
82:were contributors.
72:balance-of-payments
2510:Cardiff South East
2429:
1434:Panic of 1910–1911
1278:Great Irish Famine
1216:Panic of 1796–1797
1055:Stock market crash
676:Corbett, Michael.
185:public expenditure
138:
123:
60:
52:
49: UK Inflation
41:UK M4 Money Supply
29:
2648:
2647:
2626:Margaret Thatcher
2435:General elections
2367:
2366:
2248:COVID-19 pandemic
1133:Tulip mania crash
1124:Kipper und Wipper
1101:(c. 1400–c. 1500)
874:978-0-333-67818-3
832:978-1-85043-725-3
585:"BBC On This Day"
293:Margaret Thatcher
281:social democratic
240:was fought, with
175:, and caused the
164:'s Labour Party.
146:wage-price spiral
2693:
2671:Financial crises
2638:
2637:
2572:Related articles
2531:Audrey Callaghan
2394:
2387:
2380:
2371:
2370:
2360:
2353:
2346:
2339:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2295:
2288:
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2271:
2264:
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2235:
2227:
2219:
2211:
2204:
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2188:
2181:
2174:
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2145:
2137:
2130:
2123:
2116:
2109:
2101:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2034:
2027:
2020:
2013:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1907:
1899:
1892:
1885:
1877:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1834:
1826:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1783:
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1768:
1761:
1753:
1746:
1738:
1731:
1724:
1717:
1710:
1702:
1694:
1687:
1680:
1672:
1664:
1657:
1650:
1643:
1635:
1621:Great Regression
1616:Great Moderation
1607:
1599:
1592:
1585:
1577:
1569:
1562:
1555:
1548:
1525:
1518:
1496:
1489:
1482:
1474:
1466:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1421:
1414:
1407:
1400:
1392:
1385:
1378:
1370:
1362:
1354:
1347:
1340:
1318:
1310:
1303:
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1280:
1273:
1254:
1247:
1240:
1233:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1204:
1197:
1189:
1182:
1174:
1152:
1144:
1136:
1128:
1118:
1110:
1102:
1079:
1057:
1050:
1043:
1034:
1027:
1020:
1013:
1006:
1004:Liquidity crisis
999:
992:
983:
981:Social contagion
976:
969:
962:
955:
948:
941:
934:
927:
913:Financial crises
906:
899:
892:
883:
882:
878:
857:
836:
794:
793:
791:
789:
770:
764:
763:
761:
759:
739:
733:
732:
714:
708:
707:
696:
690:
689:
687:
685:
673:
667:
666:
642:
636:
635:
633:
631:
625:
618:
607:
601:
600:
598:
596:
587:. 5 April 1976.
581:
575:
574:
572:
570:
551:
542:
541:
534:
528:
527:
525:
523:
508:
502:
501:
499:
497:
486:
480:
466:
460:
445:
439:
438:
415:Economic Affairs
406:
397:
396:
389:
372:
369:
231:1967 Oil Embargo
192:House of Commons
150:Price Commission
48:
38:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2644:
2608:
2567:
2548:
2519:
2493:
2489:Leadership 1976
2484:Leadership 1963
2472:Party elections
2467:
2446:
2430:
2419:
2403:
2401:James Callaghan
2398:
2368:
2363:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2327:
2320:
2313:
2306:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2276:
2267:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2238:
2230:
2222:
2214:
2207:
2199:
2191:
2184:
2177:
2170:
2163:
2155:
2148:
2140:
2133:
2126:
2119:
2112:
2104:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2066:Information Age
2060:
2051:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1925:
1918:
1916:Great Recession
1910:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1880:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1837:
1829:
1821:
1814:
1807:
1800:
1793:
1786:
1778:
1771:
1764:
1756:
1749:
1741:
1734:
1727:
1720:
1713:
1705:
1697:
1690:
1683:
1675:
1667:
1660:
1653:
1646:
1638:
1630:
1623:
1619:
1610:
1602:
1597:1979 oil crisis
1595:
1588:
1580:
1572:
1565:
1558:
1553:1973 oil crisis
1551:
1543:
1536:
1534:Great Inflation
1528:
1521:
1514:
1507:
1499:
1492:
1485:
1477:
1469:
1461:
1454:
1452:Interwar period
1446:
1439:
1432:
1424:
1417:
1410:
1403:
1395:
1388:
1381:
1373:
1365:
1357:
1350:
1343:
1336:
1329:
1321:
1313:
1306:
1299:
1292:
1283:
1276:
1268:
1257:
1250:
1243:
1236:
1228:
1221:
1214:
1207:
1200:
1192:
1185:
1177:
1170:
1163:
1155:
1147:
1139:
1131:
1121:
1113:
1105:
1097:
1090:
1082:
1074:
1060:
1053:
1046:
1039:
1030:
1023:
1016:
1009:
1002:
995:
988:
979:
972:
965:
958:
953:Currency crisis
951:
944:
937:
930:
923:
915:
910:
875:
854:
833:
803:
801:Further reading
798:
797:
787:
785:
772:
771:
767:
757:
755:
748:Financial Times
740:
736:
729:
715:
711:
698:
697:
693:
683:
681:
674:
670:
657:(10): 397–405.
651:The World Today
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519:
510:
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505:
495:
493:
478:
470:McCusker, J. J.
458:
450:McCusker, J. J.
446:
442:
407:
400:
391:
390:
386:
381:
376:
375:
370:
366:
361:
328:Sterling crisis
301:
262:
250:1973 oil crisis
246:Sinai Peninsula
212:
177:Bank of England
169:James Callaghan
131:1973 oil crisis
120:
113:
93:James Callaghan
80:1973 oil crisis
68:currency crisis
50:
46:
44:
36:
19:
12:
11:
5:
2699:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2642:
2631:
2630:
2622:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2540:
2534:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2501:
2499:
2498:Constituencies
2495:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2460:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2431:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2404:
2397:
2396:
2389:
2382:
2374:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2361:
2354:
2347:
2340:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2318:
2311:
2304:
2302:(2022–present)
2296:
2289:
2282:
2280:(2020–present)
2274:
2273:
2272:
2265:
2258:
2244:
2242:(2019–present)
2236:
2234:(2019–present)
2228:
2226:(2018–present)
2220:
2212:
2205:
2197:
2189:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2161:
2153:
2146:
2144:(2013–present)
2138:
2131:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2108:(2011–present)
2102:
2100:(2010–present)
2094:
2087:
2080:
2072:
2070:
2069:(2009–present)
2062:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2035:
2028:
2021:
2014:
2007:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1979:
1972:
1965:
1958:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1934:September 2008
1922:
1920:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1906:(2007–present)
1900:
1893:
1886:
1878:
1871:
1864:
1857:
1850:
1843:
1835:
1827:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1776:
1769:
1762:
1754:
1747:
1739:
1732:
1725:
1718:
1711:
1703:
1695:
1688:
1681:
1673:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1636:
1627:
1625:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1600:
1593:
1586:
1578:
1570:
1563:
1556:
1549:
1540:
1538:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1519:
1511:
1509:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1490:
1483:
1475:
1467:
1458:
1456:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1422:
1415:
1408:
1401:
1393:
1386:
1379:
1371:
1363:
1355:
1348:
1341:
1333:
1331:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1311:
1304:
1297:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1281:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1248:
1241:
1234:
1226:
1219:
1212:
1205:
1198:
1196:(c. 1780–1795)
1190:
1183:
1175:
1167:
1165:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1145:
1137:
1129:
1119:
1117:(c. 1600–1760)
1111:
1103:
1094:
1092:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1071:
1069:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1058:
1051:
1044:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1028:
1021:
1014:
1000:
997:Hyperinflation
993:
986:
985:
984:
970:
963:
956:
949:
942:
935:
928:
920:
917:
916:
909:
908:
901:
894:
886:
880:
879:
873:
858:
852:
837:
831:
816:
813:
810:
807:Burk, Kathleen
802:
799:
796:
795:
765:
734:
728:978-1842751541
727:
709:
691:
668:
637:
602:
576:
543:
529:
503:
487:1800–present:
440:
398:
383:
382:
380:
377:
374:
373:
363:
362:
360:
357:
356:
355:
349:
343:
337:
331:
325:
319:
313:
307:
300:
297:
261:
258:
238:Yom Kippur War
221:following the
211:
208:
173:Prime Minister
142:Anthony Barber
112:
109:
45:
35:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2698:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2641:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2619:Harold Wilson
2615:
2614:
2611:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2563:
2562:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2505:Cardiff South
2503:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2426:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2395:
2390:
2388:
2383:
2381:
2376:
2375:
2372:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2341:
2338:
2334:
2333:
2330:
2323:
2319:
2316:
2312:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2294:
2290:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2270:
2266:
2263:
2259:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2187:
2183:
2180:
2176:
2173:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2132:
2129:
2125:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2054:
2050:
2047:
2043:
2040:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1966:
1963:
1959:
1956:
1955:December 2008
1952:
1949:
1948:November 2008
1945:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1810:
1806:
1803:
1799:
1796:
1792:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1774:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1726:
1723:
1719:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1693:
1689:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1663:
1659:
1656:
1652:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1594:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1495:
1494:Panic of 1930
1491:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1420:
1419:Panic of 1907
1416:
1413:
1412:Panic of 1901
1409:
1406:
1405:Panic of 1896
1402:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1383:Panic of 1893
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1367:Baring crisis
1364:
1360:
1359:Arendal crash
1356:
1353:
1352:Panic of 1884
1349:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1338:Panic of 1873
1335:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1316:
1312:
1309:
1308:Panic of 1866
1305:
1302:
1301:Panic of 1857
1298:
1295:
1294:Panic of 1847
1291:
1286:
1282:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1253:
1252:Panic of 1837
1249:
1246:
1245:Panic of 1825
1242:
1239:
1238:Panic of 1819
1235:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1209:Panic of 1792
1206:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1063:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1048:Social crisis
1045:
1042:
1041:Minsky moment
1038:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1001:
998:
994:
991:
987:
982:
978:
977:
975:
971:
968:
967:Energy crisis
964:
961:
957:
954:
950:
947:
943:
940:
939:Credit crunch
936:
933:
929:
926:
922:
921:
918:
914:
907:
902:
900:
895:
893:
888:
887:
884:
876:
870:
867:. Macmillan.
866:
865:
859:
855:
853:0-300-05728-8
849:
845:
844:
838:
834:
828:
824:
823:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
804:
783:
779:
775:
769:
753:
749:
745:
738:
730:
724:
720:
713:
705:
701:
695:
679:
672:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
641:
622:
615:
614:
606:
590:
586:
580:
564:
560:
556:
550:
548:
539:
533:
517:
513:
507:
492:
484:
477:
476:
471:
464:
457:
456:
451:
444:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
405:
403:
394:
388:
384:
368:
364:
353:
350:
347:
344:
341:
338:
335:
332:
329:
326:
323:
320:
317:
314:
311:
308:
306:
303:
302:
296:
294:
290:
289:trades unions
286:
282:
278:
273:
271:
267:
257:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
236:In 1973, the
234:
232:
228:
224:
220:
217:
214:In 1967, the
207:
205:
201:
197:
196:Harold Wilson
193:
189:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
165:
163:
162:Harold Wilson
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
136:
132:
127:
117:
108:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
88:
83:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
56:
42:
33:
25:
21:
16:
2624:
2617:
2578:
2564:(Play, 2013)
2561:The Audience
2559:
2545:(son-in-law)
2537:Margaret Jay
1941:October 2008
1823:Samba effect
1679:(1987–2000s)
1589:
1574:Steel crisis
1397:Black Monday
1375:Encilhamento
1315:Black Friday
1122:
1078:(235–284 CE)
946:Credit cycle
863:
842:
821:
786:. Retrieved
777:
768:
756:. Retrieved
747:
737:
718:
712:
703:
694:
682:. Retrieved
671:
654:
650:
640:
628:. Retrieved
612:
605:
593:. Retrieved
579:
567:. Retrieved
558:
532:
520:. Retrieved
506:
494:. Retrieved
474:
454:
443:
421:(3): 79–81.
418:
414:
387:
367:
277:Labour Party
274:
266:Denis Healey
263:
235:
213:
166:
139:
91:
84:
63:
61:
20:
15:
2594:1979 budget
2408:Premiership
2218:(2017–2018)
2203:(2016–2022)
2159:(2014–2022)
1919:(2007–2009)
1884:(2003–2008)
1833:(2000–2004)
1782:(1994–1996)
1760:(1992–1994)
1745:(1991–2000)
1709:(1990–1992)
1701:(1990–1992)
1671:(1986–1995)
1634:(1982–1994)
1624:(1982–2007)
1606:(1980–1982)
1584:(1975–1982)
1576:(1973–1982)
1547:(1973–1980)
1537:(1973–1982)
1508:(1945–1973)
1473:(1921–1923)
1465:(1917–1924)
1455:(1918–1939)
1377:(1890–1893)
1330:(1870–1914)
1272:(1845–1856)
1232:(1815–1816)
1181:(1769–1784)
1164:(1760–1840)
1127:(1621–1623)
1109:(1544–1551)
1091:(1000–1760)
990:Flash crash
960:Debt crisis
788:24 December
630:17 December
595:17 December
569:17 December
522:17 December
496:29 February
467:1700–1799:
447:1634–1699:
316:Stagflation
223:Six-Day War
188:white paper
171:'s term as
135:Brent Crude
74:deficit, a
2655:Categories
2539:(daughter)
1011:Accounting
379:References
216:Suez Canal
78:, and the
2543:Peter Jay
2451:Referenda
2415:1976–1979
2269:Recession
1262:1840–1870
684:27 August
435:152522190
285:socialist
283:and more
154:Pay Board
43:Increases
2640:Category
925:Bank run
782:Archived
778:BBC News
758:23 March
752:Archived
663:40394822
621:Archived
589:Archived
563:Archived
516:Archived
472:(1992).
452:(1997).
322:Sterling
299:See also
270:Treasury
200:sterling
105:sterling
2629: →
2616:←
1025:Funding
1018:Capital
260:Outcome
190:in the
111:History
2533:(wife)
2524:Family
2195:(2016)
1841:(2001)
1825:(1999)
1642:(1982)
1481:(1927)
1428:(1910)
1399:(1894)
1369:(1890)
1361:(1886)
1317:(1869)
1151:(1720)
1143:(1720)
1135:(1637)
1032:Market
871:
850:
829:
725:
661:
433:
204:dollar
152:and a
97:Labour
66:was a
47:
39:
37:
659:JSTOR
624:(PDF)
617:(PDF)
479:(PDF)
459:(PDF)
431:S2CID
359:Notes
242:Egypt
2442:1979
1962:2009
1067:1000
1065:Pre-
869:ISBN
848:ISBN
827:ISBN
790:2015
760:2019
723:ISBN
686:2022
632:2015
597:2015
571:2015
524:2015
498:2024
129:The
62:The
423:doi
160:to
95:'s
2657::
776:.
750:.
746:.
702:.
655:31
653:.
649:.
561:.
557:.
546:^
481:.
461:.
429:.
419:30
417:.
413:.
401:^
206:.
2393:e
2386:t
2379:v
1618:/
905:e
898:t
891:v
877:.
856:.
835:.
792:.
762:.
731:.
706:.
688:.
665:.
634:.
599:.
573:.
540:.
526:.
500:.
485:.
465:.
437:.
425::
395:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
