Indo-Pakistani war of 1971

2862: 2980: 4511:, which was more than 883 km. The Indian hardliners, however, felt that the treaty had been too lenient to President Bhutto, who had pleaded for leniency, arguing that the fragile stability in Pakistan would crumble if the accord was perceived as being overly harsh by Pakistanis and that he would be accused of losing Kashmir in addition to the loss of East Pakistan. As a result, Prime Minister Gandhi was criticised by a section in India for believing Bhutto's "sweet talk and false vows", while the other section claimed the agreement to be successful, for not letting it to fall into " 452: 443: 434: 476: 465: 308: 2633: 19132: 3339: 649: 632: 621: 425: 416: 16206: 3090:, perhaps as a potential training unit to prepare Pakistani pilots for an influx of more F-5s from Saudi Arabia." The IAF was able to conduct a wide range of missions – troop support; air combat; deep penetration strikes; para-dropping behind enemy lines; feints to draw enemy fighters away from the actual target; bombing and reconnaissance. The PAF, which was solely focused on air combat, was blown out of the subcontinent's skies within the first week of the war. Those PAF aircraft that survived took refuge at 6769:

countless eye-witness journalistic accounts, reports of International agencies such as World Bank and additional information available to the subcommittee document the reign of terror which grips East Bengal (East Pakistan). Hardest hit have been members of the Hindu community who have been robbed of their lands and shops, systematically slaughtered, and in some places, painted with yellow patches marked 'H'. All of this has been officially sanctioned, ordered and implemented under martial law from Islamabad."

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dismembered, its economy shattered and the nation's self-confidence totally undermined." This statement of Bhutto has given rise to the myth of betrayal prevalent in modern Pakistan. This view was contradicted by the post-War Hamoodur Rahman Commission, ordered by Bhutto himself, which in its 1974 report indicted generals of the Pakistan Army for creating conditions which led to the eventual loss of East Pakistan and for inept handling of military operations in the East.

19829: 16188: 18009: 19980: 19068: 17992: 407: 398: 389: 380: 371: 19839: 2561:" techniques exploited weaknesses in the Pakistani positions and bypassed opposition; this resulted in a swift victory. Faced with insurmountable losses, the Pakistani military capitulated in less than a fortnight and psychological panic spread in the Eastern Command's military leadership. Subsequently, the Indian Army encircled Dacca and issued an ultimatum to surrender in "30-minutes" time window on 16 December 1971. Upon hearing the ultimatum, the 667: 491: 677: 659: 642: 592: 512: 20017: 3102: 2918: 796: 326: 3427: 361: 350: 20005: 3137: 724: 295: 11140:

Indian posts fell back, suffering heavy casualties. Similarly, the Minimarg Lake area in Gurais was becoming active and large tracts of snow earlier claimed to be in Indian hands were gradually shrinking. The same was the case in the Tartok area of the Partapur sector of Ladakh. These ceasefire violations were prompted by Indian tactical and administrative difficulties in the newly acquired territory.

2606: 8579: 1950:. The Awami League called for general strikes in the country. President Yahya Khan postponed the inauguration of the National Assembly, causing disillusionment with the Awami League and their supporters throughout East Pakistan. In reaction, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman called for general strikes that eventually shut down the government, and dissidents in the East began targeting the ethnic 11409:

finished the job, and had taken away to India all sophisticated weaponry and vehicles captured from the Pakistanis ... they also felt bitter about Mujib's closeness to India, which, they thought, undermined the sovereignty of Bangladesh. By 1973, many in the army were both anti-Indian and anti-Mujib; in the elections that year the garrisons voted solidly for opposition candidates.

3908:, which cost the Indian unit 21 killed and 60 wounded. In May 1972, as the snow melted, Pakistan attacked the Lipa Valley, where the heavily outnumbered Indian forces fell back, with both sides suffering heavy casualties as well as Pakistani forces losing their senior commander. Pakistan would launch similar attacks to attempt to regain lost territory at Minimarg Lake and Turtuk. 4048:

defeat; spontaneous demonstrations and massive protests erupted on the streets of major metropolitan cities in Pakistan. According to Pakistani historians, the trauma was extremely severe, and the cost of the war for Pakistan in monetary terms and in human resources was very high. Demoralized and finding itself unable to control the situation, the Yahya administration fell when

3114: 3904:), both countries sparred indecisively. By the end of the war, India had captured a larger quantity of territory than Pakistan. After the ceasefire on December 17, both sides attempted to take back lost territory. On December 17, India's 51 Para brigade launched a successful but costly attack on a sand dune occupied by an intruding Pakistani 5727:. Accessed 21 Jan. 2024. "On the next day, Dacca surrendered, President Yahya Khan talked of 'war until victory', India made a unilateral declaration of ceasefire in the West and the Security Council chose to adjourn having accumulated in its possession, by that time, six draft resolutions from various member States of the Security Council." 8462:"Trying to catch the Indian Air Force napping, Yahya Khan, launched a Pakistani version of Israel's 1967 air blitz in hopes that one rapid attack would cripple India's far superior air power. But India was alert, Pakistani pilots were inept, and Yahya's strategy of scattering his thin air force over a dozen air fields was a bust!", p. 34, 3251:. Initial counts recorded that approximately 79,676 war prisoners were uniformed personnel, and the overwhelming majority of the war prisoners were officers – most of them from the army and navy, while relatively small numbers were from the air force and marines; others in larger number were serving in paramilitary units. 4488:. The treaty provided insurance to Bangladesh that Pakistan recognised Bangladesh's sovereignty, in exchange for the return of the Pakistani POWs. Over the next five months, India released more than 90,000 war prisoners, with Lieutenant-General A.A.K. Niazi being the last war prisoner to be handed over to Pakistan. 4093:

had allowed to remain in place for years. At the most critical moment in our history we failed to check the limitless ambitions of individuals with dubious antecedents and to thwart their selfish and irresponsible behaviour. It was our collective 'conduct' that had provided the enemy an opportunity to dismember us.

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At least 125 persons, believed to be physicians, professors, writers and teachers, were found murdered today in a field outside Dacca. All the victims' hands were tied behind their backs and they had been bayoneted, garroted or shot. These victims were among an estimated 300 Bengali intellectuals who

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The War Report exposed many military failures, from the strategic to the tactical–intelligence levels, while it confirmed the looting, rapes and the unnecessary killings by the Pakistan military and their local agents. It laid the blame squarely on Pakistan Army generals, accusing them of debauchery,

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to coordinate military efforts to safeguard the nation's defence and unity. In addition, Pakistan sought to have a diversified foreign policy, as Pakistani geostrategists had been shocked that both China and the United States provided limited support to Pakistan during the course of the war, with the

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began to sour. The perceived Indian overstay revived Bangladeshi anxieties of Hindu control. Many were concerned that Mujib was permitting Indian interference in the country's internal matters and many in the Bangladeshi army resented his attachment with India. Whilst India enjoys excellent relations

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was also badly damaged. Pakistani naval sources reported that about 720 Pakistani sailors were killed or wounded, and Pakistan lost reserve fuel and many commercial ships, thus crippling the Pakistan Navy's further involvement in the conflict. Seeking to retaliate, the Pakistan Navy submarines hunted

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pushed through the region held by the Indian 10 Division with superior equipment commanded by Maj Gen Jaswant Singh. Till December 9, the Pakistani commander Maj Gen Janjua perished but the Pakistani forces were able to force the Indian units to retreat by 11 December. Pakistan retained the territory

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From mid October to 20 November, the Indian army conducted multiple incursions into East Pakistani territory, generally withdrawing to India after completing their mission. From 21 November, however, Indian forces with Mukti Bahini support entered East Pakistan and remained there in preparation for a

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We must accept the fact that, as a people, we had also contributed to the bifurcation of our own country. It was not a Niazi, or a Yahya, even a Mujib, or a Bhutto, or their key assistants, who alone were the cause of our break-up, but a corrupted system and a flawed social order that our own apathy

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The Pakistani people were not mentally prepared to accept the magnitude of this kind of defeat, as the state media had been projecting imaginary victories. When the ceasefire that came from the surrender of East Pakistan was finally announced, the people could not come to terms with the magnitude of

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In spite of the magnitude of the victory, India was surprisingly restrained in its reaction. Mostly, Indian leaders seemed pleased by the relative ease with which they had accomplished their goals—the establishment of Bangladesh and the prospect of an early return to their homeland of the 10 million

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designs in South Asia. Before the war started, Chinese leaders and officials had long been philosophically advising the Pakistan government to make peaceful political settlements with the East Pakistani leaders, as China feared that India was secretly supporting, infiltrating, and arming the Bengali

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and few border guards but had heavy IAF support. This company held several anti-tank guns, cannons and howitzers. The initial Pakistani armored advance was stalled by the Indian Anti-tank and Anti-Mech defenses from high ground and the Pakistani sappers were also pushed back by Indian small arm and

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There was no significant action south of Fazilka, although Indian 4 Para of 51 Para Brigade conducted a costly assault to evict an intruding Pakistani platoon from a nameless sand dune near the village of Nagi several days after the cease-fire (26/27 December). This action cost 4 Para 21 killed and

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Siniver A. The India-Pakistan War, December 1971. In: Nixon, Kissinger, and US Foreign Policy Making: The Machinery of Crisis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2008:148-184. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511511660.008 "The fall of Dacca and the unconditional surrender of the outnumbered Pakistani forces

4440:, conducted solely by the Pakistani government, that was to determine the numbers of Pakistani military personnel who surrendered, including the number of civilian POWs. The official number of the surrendered military personnel was soon released by the Government of Pakistan after the war was over. 4428:

The War Commission, however, rejected the charge that 200,000 Bengali girls were raped by the Pakistan Army, remarking, "It is clear that the figures mentioned by the Dacca authorities are altogether fantastic and fanciful," and cited the evidence of a British abortion team that had carried out the

4404:. The First Report is still marked as classified, while the Supplementary Report's excerpts were suppressed by the news correspondents. The War Report's supplementary section was published by the Pakistan Government, but it did not officially hand over the report to Bangladesh despite its requests. 4303:

According to John H. Gill, there was widespread polarisation between pro-Pakistan Bengalis and pro-liberation Bengalis during the war, and those internal battles are still playing out in the domestic politics of modern-day Bangladesh. To this day, the issue of committed atrocities and pogroms is an

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According to authors Kenton Worcester, Sally Bermanzohn and Mark Ungar, Bengalis themselves killed about 150,000 non-Bengalis living in the East. There had been reports of Bengali insurgents indiscriminately killing non-Bengalis throughout the East; however, neither side provided substantial proofs

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After the attempted pre-emptive attack, the PAF adopted a defensive stance in response to the Indian retaliation. As the war progressed, the IAF continued to battle the PAF over conflict zones, but the number of sorties flown by the PAF decreased day–by–day. The IAF flew 4,000 sorties while the PAF

2293:, which they termed as "suicidal course for Pakistan's unity." Despite this warning, in November 1971, thousands of people led by conservative Pakistani politicians marched in Lahore and across Pakistan, calling for Pakistan to "crush India". On 23 November, President Yahya Khan declared a national 3962:

The victory also defined India's much broader role in foreign politics, as many countries in the world had come to realise – including the United States – that the balance of power had shifted to India as a major player in the region. In the wake of changing geopolitical realities, India sought to

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holding three infantry divisions, two independent armored brigades and two artillery brigades. The resultant battle raged till the end of the war on 16 December and recorded heavy losses on both sides. Despite being numerically superior than the Indian side, Pakistan failed at capturing the region

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in East Pakistan and also the fact that the army tanks were being refitted. He offered his resignation, which Gandhi declined. He then said he could guarantee victory if she would allow him to prepare for the conflict on his terms, and set a date for it; Gandhi accepted his conditions. In reality,

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As the snows melted, Pakistan tried constantly to reclaim its lost territories in Jammu and Kashmir and improve its defensive posture along the ceasefire line in the process. In May 1972, Pakistan made a surprise brigade attack on the Indian forward posts in the Kayan area of the Lipa valley. The

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with 2000 troops and artillery support. The Indian side had deployed one battalion, 15 Punjab, under the command of Lt Col Shastry comprising 900 soldiers with support from the IAF. The 15 Punjab could not hold the village and had to retreat on 4 December towards the fortress called Kaiser-i-Hind

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In the west, the two armies sparred indecisively, each side's small advances being balanced by the other side's gains. The only exception was the dramatic drive by India's 11th Division into the sandy wastes of Pakistan's Sindh Province which netted India approximately 4,500 square kilometers of

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For Pakistan, the war was a complete and humiliating defeat, a psychological setback that came from a defeat at the hands of rival India. Pakistan lost half its population and a significant portion of its economy, and suffered setbacks to its geopolitical role in South Asia. In the post-war era,

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Inside, there are separate plaques for Bir Shrestha Captain Mohiuddin Jahangir, Bir Shrestha Flight Lt Motiur Rahman, Bir Shrestha Sepoy Mostofa Kamal, Bir Shrestha Sepoy Hamidur Rahman, Bir Shrestha Lance Naik Munshi Abdur Rouf, Bir Shrestha Ruhul Amin, and Bir Shrestha Lance Naik Nur Mohammad

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The loss of East Pakistan shattered the prestige of the Pakistani military. Pakistan lost half its navy, a quarter of its air force, and a third of its army. The war also exposed the shortcomings of Pakistan's declared strategic doctrine that the "defence of East Pakistan lay in West Pakistan".

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A 2019 study argues "that Nixon and Kissinger routinely demonstrated psychological biases that led them to overestimate the likelihood of West Pakistani victory" in the war, and that they overestimated "the importance of the crisis to broader U.S. policy. The evidence fails to support Nixon and

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Another, far more dangerous group felt deeply affronted: the army ... Their resentment originated in the final days of the war of 1971. According to them, the Indian army had robbed the Bangladeshi fighters of the glory of liberating Bangladesh, walking in when the freedom fighters had already

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Young men, especially students, who were seen as possible rebels and recruiters were also targeted by the stationed military, but the extent of casualties in East Pakistan is not known, and the issue is itself controversial and contradictory among the authors who wrote books on the pogrom; the

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commented on Tikka's actions: "On the night between 25/26 March 1971, General Tikka struck. Peaceful night was turned into a time of wailing, crying and burning. General Tikka let loose everything at his disposal as if raiding an enemy, not dealing with his own misguided and misled people. The

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Kennedy, Senator Edward, "Crisis in South Asia – A report to the Subcommittee investigating the Problem of Refugees and Their Settlement, Submitted to U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee", 1 November 1971, U.S. Govt. Press, page 66. Sen. Kennedy wrote, "Field reports to the U.S. Government,

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Pakistan launched a ground offensive on the western front. Major ground attacks were concentrated on the western border by the Pakistan Army but the Indian Army was successful in penetrating into Pakistani soil. It eventually made some quick and initial gains, including the capture of around

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As the Indian Army tightened its grip in East Pakistan, the IAF continued with its attacks against Pakistan as the campaign developed into a series of daylight anti-airfield, anti-radar, and close-support attacks by fighter jets, with night attacks against airfields and strategic targets by

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magazine, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto stated "There is no parallel in contemporary history to the cataclysm which engulfed Pakistan in 1971. A tragic civil war, which rent asunder the people of the two parts of Pakistan, was seized by India as an opportunity for armed intervention. The country was

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Muslims in West Pakistan had developed a culture which bordered on ethnocentrism, since the ideas entertained in West Pakistan were that they, the ethnic "Sindhi," "Punjabi," "Beluchi," "Afghani," and others were "real" Muslims whereas "Bengali" Muslims from East Pakistan were "distant"

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wrote in his table diary: "Green land of East Pakistan will be painted red," which has been interpreted to mean that he planned to massacre Bengalis. Farman said the entry was not expressing a thirst for blood, but concern that East Pakistan's future could be the red flag of Communism.

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The war stripped Pakistan of more than half of its population, and with nearly one-third of its army in captivity, clearly established India's military and political dominance of the subcontinent. India successfully led a diplomatic campaign to isolate Pakistan. On state visits to the

2540:, which had emphasised set-piece battles and slow advances, this time the strategy adopted was a swift, three-pronged assault of nine infantry divisions with attached armoured units and close air support that rapidly converged on Dacca, the capital of East Pakistan. Lieutenant General 4268:

cites estimates ranging from one to three million people killed. Other estimates place the death toll lower, at 300,000. Bangladesh government figures state that Pakistani forces aided by collaborators killed three million people, raped 200,000 women and displaced millions of others.

2202:, where it was joined by a large number of Bangladeshi radio programmers, newscasters, poets, singers and journalists. Its jurisdiction was transferred to the provisional Bangladesh government-in-exile, and made its first broadcast on 25 May, the birth anniversary of poet 14393: 3465:

The Soviet Union accepted the Indian position that any resolution to the crisis in East Pakistan would have to be on terms acceptable to India and the Awami League, but the Indo-Soviet treaty did not mean a total commitment to the Indian stance, according to author

2764:, that resulted in further destruction of reserve fuel tanks and the sinking of three Pakistani merchant ships, as well as foreign ships docked in Karachi. The PAF did not attack the Indian Navy ships, and confusion remained the next day when the civilian pilots of 4079:

Moreover, the army had failed to fulfill its promises of fighting until the last man. The eastern command had laid down arms after losing only thirteen hundred men in battle. In West Pakistan, too, twelve hundred military deaths had accompanied lackluster military

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in the successive years. In June 1972, Soviet Ambassador Rodionov said, "the Soviet Union had always stood and would stand for the unity and territorial integrity of Pakistan". The USSR aided Pakistan economically on several technical and industrial projects.

4369:. Written in moral and philosophical perspective, the First Report was lengthy and provided accounts that were unpalatable to be released to the public. Initially, there were 12 copies that were all destroyed, except for the one that was kept and marked as " 2145:

on 27 March 1971 concluded that instead of taking in millions of refugees, it was economical to go to war against Pakistan, and expressed full support of her government for the independence struggle of the people of East Pakistan. On 28 April 1971, the

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In 1973, India and Pakistan reached another compromise when both countries signed a trilateral agreement with Bangladesh that actually brought the war prisoners, non-Bengali and Pakistan-loyal Bengali bureaucrats and civilian servants to Pakistan. The

5334:, a 2019 spy thriller film was set against the backdrop of the 1971 Indo-Pakistani war, which tells the story of Rehmatullah Ali, a young Indian bank clerk, who is recruited by the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW), for a covert operation in Pakistan. 2937:

to cut its losses, as it had already incurred huge losses in the conflict in the liberation war in the East. The PAF avoided making contacts with the Indian Navy after the latter raided the port of Karachi twice, but the PAF did retaliate by bombing

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would weaken the position of its rivals— the United States and China. The Soviet Union gave assurances to India that if a confrontation with the United States or China developed, it would take counter-measures. This assurance was enshrined in the

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of Pakistan Army generals on the charges that they had been responsible for the situation in the first place and that they had succumbed without a fight, but no actions were ever taken against those responsible, except the dismissal of chiefs of

4107:, who earned notoriety from his actions as governor of the East; he was called the "Butcher of Bengal" because of the widespread atrocities committed within the areas of his responsibility. Tikka was a "soldier known for his eager use of force". 5027:

officer. Second Indian Director General of the Indian Ordnance Factories. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan by the Government of India, in 1973, in the Civil service category, for his contributions during the Indo-Pakistani war of 1971.

1878:, as defined at the time of establishment of Pakistan in 1947. In addition, there were religious and racial tensions between Bengalis and the multi-ethnic West Pakistanis, as Bengalis looked different from the dominant West Pakistanis. 7929: 6106:

About 3,843 Indian soldiers died in this war that resulted in the unilateral surrender of the Pakistan Army and led to the creation of Bangladesh. Among the soldiers who returned home triumphant were also 9,851 injured; many of them

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and militaristic against East Pakistan and India when the Pakistani news media reported the complexity of the situation in the East, though the reactions from Pakistan's news media pundits were mixed. By the end of September 1971, a

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on 10 December, where Nixon reportedly urged Brezhnev to restrain India as he quoted: "in the strongest possible terms to restrain India with which ... you have great influence and for whose actions you must share responsibility."

2577:, surrendered without offering any resistance. On 16 December 1971, Pakistan ultimately called for unilateral ceasefire and surrendered its entire four-tier military to the Indian Army – hence ending the Indo-Pakistani war of 1971. 14571: 7035: 14385: 19795: 12445: 12904: 7902:

By November, the Indian Army and paramilitary troops were regularly providing artillery support to the Mukti Bahini and, toward the end of the month, the army had even made small incursions into East Pakistan in several

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Gandhi was well aware of the difficulties of a hasty military action, but she needed to get the military's views to satisfy her hawkish colleagues and the public opinion, which were critical of India's restraint.

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Dacca is now the free capital of a free country. We hail the people of Bangladesh in their hour of triumph. All nations who value the human spirit will recognise it as a significant milestone in man's quest for

13882: 1705:. India's entry expanded the existing conflict with Indian and Pakistani forces engaging on both the eastern and western fronts. Thirteen days after the war started, India achieved a clear upper hand, and the 3694:

When the war started, China reproached India for its direct involvement and infiltration in East Pakistan. It disagreed with Pakistani President Yahya Khan's consideration of military options, and criticised

7005: 3984:, US, remarks that, while India achieved a military victory, it was not able to reap the political fruits it might have hoped for in Bangladesh. After a brief 'honeymoon' phase between India and Bangladesh, 9886: 3235:

on 17 December, after the surrender on 16 December, and India claimed large gains of territory in Pakistan (although pre-war boundaries were recognised after the war). The war confirmed the independence of

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India flew 1,978 sorties in the East and about 4,000 in Pakistan, while the PAF flew about 30 and 2,840 at the respective fronts. By the end of the war, India had lost 45 aircraft while Pakistan lost 75.

9964: 8965: 11297: 5955: 1839:. The geographical distance between the eastern and western wings of Pakistan was vast; East Pakistan lay over 1,600 kilometres (1,000 mi) away, which greatly hampered any attempt to integrate the 11567: 4543:

began to take public support. The tribunal was formally established in 2010 to investigate and prosecute suspects for the genocide committed in 1971 by the Pakistan Army and their local collaborators,

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The list of foreign friends of Bangladesh has since been extended to 568 people. It includes 257 Indians, 88 Americans, 41 Pakistanis, 39 Britons, 9 Russians, 18 Nepalese, 16 French and 18 Japanese.

14491: 12084: 11528: 7704: 10048: 9925: 5740:. Accessed 21 Jan. 2024. "In Kashmir they agreed to respect 'the line of control resulting from the ceasefire of December 17, 1971...without prejudice to the recognized position of either side.'" 3174:, was signed between the Lieutenant General Jagjit Singh Aurora, the GOC-in-C of Indian Eastern Command and Lieutenant-General A.A.K. Niazi, the Commander of the Pakistan Eastern Command, at the 7962: 19825: 6727: 6682: 3963:

establish closer relations with regional countries such as Iran, which was a traditional ally of Pakistan. The United States itself accepted a new balance of power, and when India conducted a

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For bravery, a number of soldiers and officers on both sides were awarded the highest gallantry award of their respective countries. Following is a list of the recipients of the Indian award

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Ceylon (modern-day Sri Lanka) saw the partition of Pakistan as an example for themselves and feared India might use its enhanced power against them in the future. The left-wing government of

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for their claims and both Bangladeshi and Pakistani figures contradict each other over this issue. Bihari representatives in June 1971 claimed a higher figure of 500,000 killed by Bengalis.

9753: 4179:, and making instruction on human rights compulsory in the military syllabus in each branch of inter-services. Major investments were directed towards modernising the navy. The military's 3537:

to send military supplies to Pakistan. The Nixon administration also ignored reports it received of the "genocidal" activities of the Pakistani military in East Pakistan, most notably the

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On 3 December, after the air strike carried out by the PAF, the 106 Infantry Brigade of the Pakistani forces under the command of Brig Mohammad Mumtaz Khan advanced towards the village of

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reports instituted by Pakistan lists the Pakistani POWs as given in the table below. Apart from soldiers, it was estimated that 15,000 Bengali civilians were also made prisoners of war.

4354:. The War Enquiry Commission was mandated with carrying out thorough investigations into the intelligence, strategic, political and military failures that causes the defeat in the war. 4010:

Pakistan struggled to absorb the lessons learned from the military interventions in the democratic system and the impact of the Pakistani military's failure was grave and long-lasting.

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Before the formal beginning of hostilities on 3 December, on 23 November, the Indian Army conventionally penetrated the eastern fronts and crossed East Pakistan's borders to join their

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On 4 December, a Pakistani unit from the 18 Infantry Division commanded by Maj Gen B. M. Mustafa headed by Brig. Tariq Mir and Brig Jahanzeb Abab advanced towards the Rajasthan town of

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opinion poll found that 27% of Bangladeshis were wary of India. However, 70% of Bangladeshis held a positive view of India: while 50% of Bangladeshis held a positive view of Pakistan.

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As the war progressed, it became apparent to the United States that India was going to invade and disintegrate Pakistan in a matter of weeks, therefore President Nixon spoke with the

1733:, which included 79,676 to 81,000 uniformed personnel of the Pakistan Armed Forces, including some Bengali soldiers who had remained loyal to Pakistan. The remaining 10,324 to 12,500 11366:

There were high levels of corruption and cronyism within the administration and widespread concerns that he was allowing India to interfere in Bangladesh's domestic affairs existed.

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following a neutral non-aligned foreign policy. As Pakistani aircraft could not fly over Indian territory, they would have to take a longer route around India and so they stopped at

2552:, IAF rapidly destroyed the small air contingent in East Pakistan and put the Dacca airfield out of commission. In the meantime, the Indian Navy effectively blockaded East Pakistan. 12736: 12437: 11246: 2238:

By mid July, India had settled on a plan of attack. The ground in the East would be drier by mid November, which would make a rapid offensive easier. By early to mid December, the

12683: 10830: 2899: – and ten smaller vessels were captured. Around 1900 personnel were lost, while 1413 servicemen were captured by Indian forces in Dacca. According to one Pakistani scholar, 1448: 907: 14431: 13080: 8647: 17760: 1122: 6919:

Mookherjee, Nayanika (2012). "Mass rape and the inscription of gendered and racial domination during the Bangladesh War of 1971". In Raphaëlle Branche; Fabrice Virgili (eds.).

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This air action marked the start of all-out war; Gandhi ordered the mobilisation of troops and launched a full-scale invasion of East Pakistan. This involved Indian forces in

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The treaty also gave back more than 13,000 km of land that the Indian Army had seized in Pakistan during the war, though India retained a few strategic areas, including

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termination of "only a hundred or more pregnancies". The commission also claimed that "approximately 26,000 persons (were) killed during the action by the Pakistan military"

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minorities who constituted the majority of urban educated intellectuals. This massacre of Hindus was confirmed by the Pakistani military brass in a postwar judicial inquiry.

20047: 14330: 9815: 14453: 2887:, 18 cargo, supply and communication vessels; and large-scale damage inflicted on the naval base and docks in the coastal town of Karachi. Three merchant navy ships – 2401:

were very high, and many soldiers and marines perished due to lack of operational planning and lack of coordination within the marine-army formations against Indian Army's

17925: 9418: 6093: 3631: 9031: 6573: 19817: 14176: 10860: 9730: 7216: 6136: 3045:. Sporadic raids by the IAF continued against PAF forward air bases in Pakistan until the end of the war, and interdiction and close-support operations were maintained. 2430:

outside Hussainiwala. The Indian forces were eventually pushed from the fortress a well. The Indian side suffered 125 casualties while the Pakistani forces lost 67 men.

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Through a gazette notification of the government issued on 15 December 1973, the insignia of Bir Srestha was conferred upon seven martyr freedom fighters (posthumously)

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After the war, the Pakistan Army's generals in the East held each other responsible for the atrocities committed, but most of the burden was laid on Lieutenant-General

17882: 13874: 13155: 13015: 3843:, perhaps as a potential training unit to prepare Pakistani pilots for an influx of more F-5s from Saudi Arabia. In addition to these three countries, an unidentified 3564:

by the Soviet Union, and the following days witnessed the use of great pressure on the Soviets from the Nixon-Kissinger duo to get India to withdraw, but to no avail.

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had been camouflaged with lots of twigs and leaves and draped with burlap, because its marble glowed prominently in the moonlight. These pre-emptive strikes, known as

1920:. The League's election success caused many West Pakistanis to fear that it would allow the Bengalis to draft the constitution based on the six-points and liberalism. 13046: 12807: 1965:. President Yahya Khan called on the military – which was overwhelmingly led by West Pakistanis – to suppress dissent in the East, after accepting the resignation of 4437: 4326: 3743: 3662:

and idealistic humanitarianism, and instead shows that Kissinger and Nixon's policy decisions harmed their stated goals because of repeated decision-making errors."

3263: 2049:. There was also a meeting between Prime Minister Gandhi and President Nixon in November 1971, where she rejected the US advice against intervening in the conflict. 1726: 1504: 12156: 8519: 6989: 6470: 13634: 10928: 9878: 3499:. The U.S. establishment had the impression that the Soviets were in an informal alliance with India, and the US therefore needed Pakistan to help to limit Soviet 2344:. Unlike the Israeli attack on Arab airbases in 1967, which involved a large number of Israeli planes, Pakistan flew too few planes to inflict significant damage. 19741: 6812:

Karachi: United Press of Pakistan, 1974. pp. 74, 226), some other sources used by Rummel suggest a figure of between 8 and 10 million with one (Johnson, B. L. C.

1987:, cracked down on Dhaka on the night of 25 March 1971. The government outlawed the Awami League, which forced many of its members and sympathisers into refuge in 19373: 18992: 17847: 17667: 14116: 13464: 13380: 5282:

a 2012 film was adapted from Salman Rushdie's novel, is fictional story of two twins born on the midnight of August 15, 1947. It also has references to 1971 war.

2832:, due to an internal explosion, though whether this was triggered by Indian depth charges, diving to avoid them or some other reason has never been established. 11269: 11000: 9948: 8949: 4217:, as the world's fourth most populous Muslim state on 16 December 1971. West Pakistan, now just Pakistan, secured the release of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman from the 19902: 19121: 18111: 17872: 17652: 16917: 16066: 14244: 5939: 3529:

in February 1972. Nixon feared that an Indian invasion of Pakistan would mean total Soviet domination of the region, and that it would seriously undermine the

11551: 17920: 12029: 11590: 11798: 9585: 9064: 19859: 19675: 19605: 17842: 14812: 14483: 12846: 12068: 11512: 9252: 8787:"Agreement between the Government of India and the Government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan on Bilateral Relations (Simla Agreement) | UN Peacemaker" 5017:

On 25 July 2011, Bangladesh Swadhinata Sammanona, the Bangladesh Freedom Honour, was posthumously conferred on former Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.

1961:

alone. The Government of Pakistan used the "Bihari massacre" to justify its deployment of the military in East Pakistan on 25 March, when it initiated its

900: 14883: 11459: 18962: 18764: 17915: 16176: 14360: 7698: 2670:, the Navy was ill-prepared for the naval conflict with India. The Pakistan Navy was in no condition to fight an offensive war in deep water against the 1115: 13263: 12387: 10032: 9909: 2347:

In an address to the nation on radio that same evening, Prime Minister Gandhi held that the air strikes were a declaration of war against India and the

1991:. Mujib was arrested on the night of 25/26 March 1971 at about 1:30 am (as per Radio Pakistan's news on 29 March 1971) and taken to West Pakistan. 1927:

was formed to provide recommendations. Its findings were met with favourable reviews from the political leaders of West Pakistan, with the exception of

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India's decisive victory over Pakistan in the 1971 war and emergence of independent Bangladesh dramatically transformed the power balance of South Asia

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Bengali refugees who were the cause of the war. In announcing the Pakistani surrender, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declared in the Indian Parliament:

1612: 1607: 17694: 16154: 14361:"1971: Beyond Borders Review {3.5/5}: The film puts across the message that fighting wars for "borders and orders" robs away so many lives needlessly" 10169: 9848: 4433:

states that the War Commission was aware of the military's brutality in East Pakistan, but "chose to downplay the scale of the atrocities committed."

3883:

with mortars, ammunition and instructors. Meir reportedly sought diplomatic ties with India in exchange, which were finally established in 1992 under

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on December 6. Lt Gen Irshad Ahmed Khan commanded two infantry and one armored division into battle. The region was heavily reinforced by the Indian

14768: 14086: 12148: 10660: 7156: 2358:, sea and land assaults. The main Indian objective on the eastern front was to capture Dacca, and on the western front to contain Pakistani forces. 2169:

By November 1971, the Indian military was providing direct fire against Pakistani troops and even made several incursions into Pakistani territory.

18126: 17935: 16811: 14891: 14298: 11970: 9560:

Group Captain M. Kaiser Tufail, "Great Battles of the Pakistan Airforce" and "Pakistan Air Force Combat Heritage" (pafcombat) et al., Feroze sons,

8764: 8722: 8102: 5326:, a 2017 fictional spy film, based on the novel "Calling Sehmat", was set before the events of war about the detection of plans to deploy PNS Ghazi 3459: 1622: 11489: 10634: 9757: 9484: 4365:

was submitted in July 1972, but it was very critically opined and penned on political misconducts of politicians and the military interference in

3197:

and Ziaur Rahman - were located too far away to be airlifted on time. The responsibility fell on the only armed forces officer available, Gp Capt

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The Pakistan Government, however, claimed that the combined fighting strength of the 'secessionists' amounted to about 180,000 armed personnel.

20087: 19645: 14214: 13952: 13316: 10882: 8133: 7402: 5436: 3549: 1108: 10373: 9160: 6395: 3470:. The Soviet Union continued economic aid to Pakistan and made sympathetic gestures to Pakistan until mid-October 1971. By November 1971, the 3213:

slogans, and there were reports of abuses aimed at the surrendering commanders of Pakistani military. Indian officers and an Indian diplomat,

19864: 19567: 19445: 18879: 18161: 14706: 10950: 9364: 8903: 7632: 5342:, 2021 action film set during the war tells the story of rebuilding the Bhuj airbase in India, which was damaged by the Pakistan air attacks. 5132: 1585: 1497: 12764: 10685:

China and International Security: History, Strategy, and 21st-Century Policy [3 volumes]: History, Strategy, and 21st-Century Policy

3711:

along its border with India to discourage the Indian assault, but the Chinese did not respond to this encouragement since the Indian Army's

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On the ground, Pakistan suffered the most, with 8,000 killed and 25,000 wounded, while India had 3,000 dead and 12,000 wounded. The loss of

19935: 18250: 17689: 17677: 16851: 10335: 8279: 7441: 5031: 13606: 8051:

Manekshaw, SHFJ. (11 November 1998). "Lecture at Defence Services Staff College on Leadership and Discipline" (Appendix V) in Singh (2002)

6347: 19468: 19319: 18852: 18121: 18116: 17981: 14536: 13717: 12728: 12631: 12592: 12553: 12514: 12357: 11916: 11240: 10699: 10605: 10283: 8192: 5072: 13848: 13293: 13200: 13122: 12691: 12257: 10822: 10764: 10445: 10006: 9111: 8900: 7104: 2971:; many PAF personnel had already left the East for Burma on their own before Dacca was overrun by the Indian military in December 1971. 1701:. The strikes led to India declaring war on Pakistan, marking their entry into the war for East Pakistan's independence, on the side of 19983: 19803: 19114: 17877: 16856: 16768: 16092: 13072: 8631: 8305: 6309: 5564: 5549: 4540: 4281: 4175:

was heavily reconstructed and heavily reorganised, with President Bhutto appointing chiefs of staff in each inter-service, contrary to

3646: 3561: 3530: 3471: 3217: 2409:. By the time the war came to end, the army soldiers and marines were highly demoralised– both emotionally and psychologically– on the 14415: 5379:, a 2017 short film directed by Manu Chobe depictsalso focuses on hs contribution to 1971 war. the negotiations between Major General 3955:, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi convinced them to break with their ally the United States and block any pro-Pakistan resolution in the 1748:

civilians in Bangladesh. As a result of the conflict, a further eight to ten million people fled the country to seek refuge in India.

19887: 18679: 18664: 18651: 16983: 16214: 16138: 4249: 1756: 1617: 1602: 1558: 1443: 14763: 13346: 13225: 12110: 9642: 7612: 6752: 6251: 2802:, trapping the Eastern Pakistan Navy and eight foreign merchant ships in their ports. From 4 December onwards, the aircraft carrier 19854: 19764: 19693: 18718: 18282: 18228: 17672: 16505: 14805: 12968: 10518: 9444: 7525: 7313: 6950: 5574: 5128: 4196: 4188: 3730:

China did not welcome the break-up of Pakistan's unity by the East Pakistani politicians, and effectively vetoed the membership of

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One of the most successful air raids by India into West Pakistan happened on 8 December 1971, when Indian Hunter aircraft from the

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Faruki, Kemal A. “THE INDO-PAKISTAN WAR, 1971, AND THE UNITED NATIONS.” Pakistan Horizon, vol. 25, no. 1, 1972, pp. 10–20. JSTOR,

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politicians' ties with India. China reacted with great alarm when the prospects of Indian invasion of Pakistan and integration of

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Burke, S. M. “The Postwar Diplomacy of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.” Asian Survey, vol. 13, no. 11, 1973, pp. 1036–49. JSTOR,

3484:) that ultimately warned Pakistan that "it will be embarking on a suicidal course if it escalates tensions in the subcontinent". 2861: 1800:, a conflict between the traditionally dominant West Pakistanis and the majority East Pakistanis. The political tensions between 1597: 1196: 18730: 13934: 10074: 9422: 8871: 19580: 15472: 14030: 12661: 9041: 5495: 2690: 18504: 12945: 11735: 10852: 10244: 9722: 9687: 7200: 7065: 6542: 6120: 3691:, which used ruthless measures to deal with the Bengali opposition, and did not endorse the Pakistani position on that issue. 20112: 19107: 18894: 18489: 18183: 16978: 16793: 16712: 16049: 15620: 14652: 14633: 14609: 14588: 14557: 13667: 13575: 13444: 13194: 13163: 13116: 12625: 12586: 12547: 12508: 12424: 12351: 12324: 12120: 11910: 11871: 11834: 11774: 11683: 11656: 11389: 11347: 11201: 11120: 10994: 10922: 10277: 10132: 10105: 10042: 10000: 9780: 9611: 9529: 9396: 9348: 9105: 9001: 8403: 7985: 7799: 7767: 7541: 7497: 7472: 7435: 7396: 7369: 7336: 7286: 7210: 7139: 7098: 6928: 6903: 6874: 6801: 6721: 6649: 6067: 5949: 5907: 5880: 5772: 5705: 5669: 5633: 4243: 3754:, refusing to do so until 31 August 1975. To this date, its relations with Bangladesh are determined by the Pakistan factor. 3487:

The United States stood with Pakistan by supporting it morally, politically, economically and materially when U.S. President

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missions over their own bases, leaving the PAF unable to conduct effective offensive operations. The IAF's raids damaged one

2351:(IAF) responded with initial air strikes the same night. These expanded to massive retaliatory air strikes the next morning. 2123:

along the border. The resulting flood of impoverished East Pakistani refugees strained India's already overburdened economy.

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in 1972. China objected to admitting Bangladesh on the grounds that two UN resolutions concerning Bangladesh, requiring the

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Major reforms were carried out by successive governments in Pakistan after the war. To address the economic disparity, the

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if he was ready to go to war with Pakistan. According to Manekshaw's own personal account, he refused, citing the onset of

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was submitted, which was the comprehensive report compiled together with the First Report; this report was also marked as

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On the brink of defeat in around 14 December 1971, the media reports indicated that the Pakistan Army soldiers, the local

20097: 20092: 20037: 19420: 19193: 18738: 18573: 18541: 18203: 18166: 16454: 15019: 14850: 14798: 14731: 10220: 8548: 8511: 6480: 5500: 4184: 4033: 3619:; they trailed US Task Force 74 into the Indian Ocean from 18 December 1971 until 7 January 1972. The Soviets also had a 2087:

population, which led to approximately 10 million people seeking refuge in the neighbouring states of Eastern India. The

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Following the surrender, the Indian Army took approximately 90,000 Pakistani servicemen and their Bengali supporters as

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Agreement Between the Government of India and the Government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan on Bilateral Relations

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on 16 December 1971. There was a problem over who would represent the Bangladesh government, as the three Bangladeshi

2979: 1862:. West Pakistanis' opposition to these efforts made it difficult to effectively govern both wings. In 1969, President 20062: 19961: 19914: 19833: 19721: 19701: 19663: 19394: 19365: 19185: 18936: 18536: 18484: 18193: 18173: 18106: 18076: 17910: 17889: 17684: 17645: 17635: 17615: 17233: 17013: 15465: 14906: 14845: 14774:

All for a bottle of Scotch, a personal recall of Major (later Major General) C K Karumbaya, SM, the battle for Magura

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A Story of Ambivalent Modernization in Bangladesh and West Bengal: The Rise and Fall of Bengali Elitism in South Asia

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Indian forces captured around 15,010 km (5,795 sq mi) of land in the West but returned it in the 1972

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Hayes, Jarrod. "Securitization, social identity, and democratic security: Nixon, India, and the ties that bind."

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West Pakistan as a single province in 1970, in order to restore it to its original heterogeneous status comprising

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was followed by another Indian attack on the port of Karachi on the night of 8/9 December 1971 under the codename

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conferred Bangladesh Liberation War Honour and Friends of Liberation War Honour to 75 people, six organisations,

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The Indian army was better equipped than the Pakistanis and enjoyed significant numerical superiority over them.

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Rashiduzzaman, M. (March 1972). "Leadership, Organization, Strategies and Tactics of the Bangla Desh Movement".

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Between 8 and 14 December, India captured an 800 sq Km stretch of the Karakoram range in the Northern region of

2182:(Free Bangladesh Radio Centre), which had broadcast Major Rahman's independence declaration, was relocated from 20117: 20102: 19731: 19635: 19413: 19168: 19038: 18972: 18156: 18101: 18081: 17662: 17202: 17033: 15741: 15412: 14701: 11451: 8564: 6024: 5559: 5534: 5485: 5197: 4870: 3985: 3520: 3254:

The remaining prisoners were civilians who were either family members of the military personnel or volunteers (

3209:

was accepted silently by Lieutenant-General Aurora, the surrounding crowds on the race course started shouting

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Simultaneously, Pakistani forces began an offensive on Chhamb, similar to the offensive carried out during the

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Clary, Christopher (2019). "Tilting at windmills: The flawed U.S. policy toward the 1971 Indo-Pakistani war".

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while the size of the Indian armed forces remained static at one million men and Pakistan's at around 350,000.

3967:

in 1974, the US notified India that it had no "interest in actions designed to achieve new balance of power."

2521:

An illustration showing military units and troop movements during operations in the Eastern sector of the war.

20082: 19711: 19683: 19540: 19508: 19496: 19241: 19048: 18819: 18320: 18178: 17806: 17801: 17745: 16480: 13255: 12379: 12230: 11421: 11245:. Washington DC: National Defense University. Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Studies. p. 66. 7308: 5277: 3700: 3638: 3516: 1906: 14154: 8327: 7675: 4288:

and those who collaborated with Pakistan. According to the government, the defendants would be charged with

2674:, and neither was it in a condition to mount a serious defence against Indian Navy's seaborne encroachment. 20042: 19491: 19135: 18499: 18436: 18431: 18386: 16998: 16393: 16307: 16033: 15422: 14901: 10161: 9856: 5554: 5057: 4854: 4226: 3994: 3512: 2398: 2147: 19099: 12467: 10786: 6193: 5676:

However, India's decisive victory over Pakistan in 1971 led the Shah to pursue closer relations with India

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against the Indian Army, but they too suffered major losses, mainly due to their lack of understanding of

19623: 19018: 19008: 18708: 18471: 18396: 18381: 18376: 18233: 18151: 18066: 16993: 15872: 15693: 15575: 15545: 10656: 9986: 8896: 5290:, a 2014 Hindi drama film, revolves around the events of 1971 Bangladesh genocide and the liberation war. 5286: 4962: 4388:

In 2000, the excerpts of the Supplementary Report were leaked to a political correspondent of Pakistan's

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of Indian Navy's Osa missile boats approached the Karachi port and launched a series of Soviet-acquired

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in the East were followed the next day by a mutual declaration of cease-fire along the Western border."

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of the United States and the regional position of America's new tactical ally, China. Nixon encouraged

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artillery cannon fire. The IAF 122 squadron under the command of Wing Cdr D. M. Conquest equipped with

2434: 2159: 1943: 1755:, members of the Pakistani military and supporting pro-Pakistani Islamist militias called the Razakars 1718: 1538: 91: 8480: 8432: 8367: 7575: 6507: 6437: 3674:

harshly criticised India for its involvement in the East Pakistan crises, and accused India of having

2162:(RAW) immediately started using the Indian refugee camps for recruitment and training of Mukti Bahini 1744:

It is estimated that members of the Pakistani military and supporting pro-Pakistani Islamist militias

19874: 19706: 19345: 19287: 19163: 19158: 19086: 19013: 18941: 18494: 18451: 18391: 18071: 17816: 17528: 16633: 16398: 16192: 16108: 16018: 15978: 15665: 15540: 15259: 15168: 14060: 13410: 12218: 8552: 7734: 5597: 5431: 5190: 4351: 4336: 4148: 3901: 3704: 3684: 3649:

and recognised India as a dominant player in South Asia; the US immediately engaged in strengthening

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and its escort ships arrived on station on 11 December 1971. According to a Russian documentary, the

3394: 3057: 2989: 2740:, inflicting 194 Indian casualties, and this attack was the first submarine kill since World War II. 2191: 2100: 1875: 1817: 1797: 1779: 1752: 1678: 1575: 1133: 992: 270: 57: 31: 14206: 13956: 12868: 8125: 7386: 4589:, because the jihadists were a tool to use against India, including bogging down the Indian Army in 1473:

indicates events in the Indo-Pakistani War linked to the internal resistance movement in Bangladesh.

19882: 19658: 19630: 18583: 18446: 18401: 18315: 18310: 18267: 18245: 18198: 17468: 17238: 17197: 16988: 16846: 16727: 16614: 16449: 16297: 15630: 15108: 14988: 14868: 14386:"The thrill lies in being the first person to do something that has not been done before: Mohanlal" 11030: 9536:

In a two-week war, Pakistan lost half its navy, a quarter of its air force and a third of its army.

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calling for a cease-fire and the withdrawal of armed forces by India and Pakistan. However, it was

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to the rebellion after taking refuge in different parts of India. The Bangladesh Force, namely the

1821: 1805: 1791: 1745: 1706: 1453: 1433: 1291: 1237: 1206: 974: 75: 17: 16113: 9374: 7641: 3867:

supplied India with armaments, ammunition, intelligence and training ahead of its intervention in

19769: 18780: 18441: 18325: 18305: 18300: 18061: 17657: 17038: 16821: 16722: 16388: 16302: 15834: 15791: 15736: 15625: 15555: 15389: 15346: 15219: 13546:; Jan Wouters; Cedric Ryngaert, eds. International Prosecutors. Oxford University Press. p. 169. 13143:

Hamoodur Rehman Commission (HRC) Report of Inquiry into the 1971 War (Vanguard Books Lahore, 513)

11698:

Langewiesche, William (November 2005). "The Wrath of Khan". The Atlantic. Retrieved 31 July 2016.

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in Pakistan, it follows six Indian prisoners awaiting release after their capture during the war.

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offered little in retaliation, partly because of the paucity of non-Bengali technical personnel.

2855: 2624:

near the eastern coast of India, making it the first submarine casualty in the waters around the

2545: 2525:

When the conflict started, the war immediately took a decisive turn in favour of India and their

2406: 2131: 2112: 2066: 2006:

of the Pakistan Army declared the independence of Bangladesh on behalf of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.

1973: 1580: 603: 119: 102: 10343: 8273: 7425: 2226:

By the end of April 1971, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi had asked the Indian Chief of Army Staff

2158:

to "Go into East Pakistan". Defected East Pakistan military officers and the elements of Indian

2045:, consisting of a conventional force and a guerilla force, was formed under the retired colonel 20052: 19653: 19481: 18884: 18798: 18703: 18698: 18684: 18591: 18358: 17513: 17503: 17268: 16876: 16871: 16373: 16008: 15862: 15751: 15550: 15153: 15143: 14947: 14769:

Op Cactus Lilly: 19 Infantry Division in 1971, a personal recall by Lt Col Balwant Singh Sahore

14715: 14454:"Bhuj The Pride of India: Sanjay Dutt, Sharad Kelkar and Sonakshi Sinha join Ajay Devgn's film" 13603: 10365: 7920: 7916:"50 years on, B'desh remembers Kolkata radio station that gave them hope during liberation war" 6339: 5625: 5451: 5210: 5140: 5039: 4824: 4382: 3716: 3542: 3504: 3221: 3035: 2696: 2454: 2333: 2298: 2255: 1917: 1836: 1694: 1644: 1381: 1269: 1262: 1051: 949: 942: 133: 14764:

Indian Air Force Combat Kills in the 1971 war (unofficial), Centre for Indian Military History

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Murshid, Tazeen M. (1997). "State, Nation, Identity: The Quest for Legitimacy in Bangladesh".

11900: 11824: 10683: 10589: 10267: 8811: 8188: 7888:. National Defense University, Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Studies. p. 12. 7757: 7361: 6055: 5661: 3113: 19909: 19746: 19246: 19139: 19043: 19033: 19028: 18756: 18353: 18348: 18330: 17867: 17837: 17765: 17488: 17473: 17416: 17340: 17218: 16798: 16683: 16500: 16495: 16378: 16327: 16123: 16071: 15698: 15585: 15570: 15290: 15275: 15128: 15113: 15045: 14860: 13285: 13184: 13106: 12265: 11673: 10748: 10429: 9990: 9095: 8597: 8393: 8268: 8266: 7088: 5870: 5587: 5520: 5471: 5461: 5086: 4746: 4475: 4057: 3769: 2967:

At the end of the war, PAF pilots made successful escapes from East Pakistan to neighbouring

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Actual conversation from the then US President Nixon and Henry Kissinger during the 1971 War

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Army Terror Campaign Continues in Dacca; Evidence Military Faces Some Difficulties Elsewhere

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Army Terror Campaign Continues in Dacca; Evidence Military Faces Some Difficulties Elsewhere

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policy. His orders to his troops were: 'I want the land and not the people'". Major-General

3105:

The map shows Pakistan and East Pakistan; between them was 1,600 km (1,000 mi) of

2548:, led the full Indian thrust into East Pakistan. As the Indian Eastern Command attacked the 2370:

15,010 km (5,795 sq mi) of Pakistani territory; this land gained by India in

1957:

In early March 1971, approximately 300 Biharis were slaughtered in riots by Bengali mobs in

19966: 19956: 19726: 19585: 19575: 19545: 19324: 19081: 19076: 18824: 18551: 18277: 18272: 17478: 17411: 17325: 17278: 17063: 16861: 16609: 16597: 16592: 16587: 16363: 16003: 15905: 15565: 15118: 13875:"Swadhinata Chattar built as memorial to seven Liberation War heroes ruined by encroachers" 12343:

Atrocities, Massacres, and War Crimes: An Encyclopedia [2 Volumes]: An Encyclopedia

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Makeig, Douglas C. (1989). "National Security". In Heitzman, James; Worden, Robert (eds.).

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and allowed him to return to Dacca. On 19 January 1972, Mujib was inaugurated as the first

4049: 3915:, after which both sides would retain territory they captured in Kashmir and demarcate the 3773: 3526: 3367: 3363: 3206: 3202: 3179: 3060:

aircraft on the ground. This was confirmed by Pakistan's military historian, Air Commodore

2997: 2884: 2825: 2682: 2506: 2438: 2076: 2022: 1969: 1396: 1283: 1232: 1191: 1008: 428: 112: 14707:

An Atlas of the 1971 India – Pakistan War: The Creation of Bangladesh by John H. Gill

12287: 8846:"Service Record for Group Captain Donald Melvyn Conquest 4692 GD(P) at Bharat Rakshak.com" 8745: 8263: 6826:

Sharlach, Lisa (2000). "Rape as Genocide: Bangladesh, the Former Yugoslavia, and Rwanda".

4088:, Pakistan Army's Major General Hakeem Arshad Qureshi, a veteran of this conflict, noted: 2960:, putting Pakistan's air command in Dhaka out of commission. India thereby achieved total 2933:

This lack of retaliation has also been attributed to the deliberate decision of the PAF's

8: 19557: 19530: 18829: 18599: 18406: 17995: 17821: 17559: 17518: 17463: 17391: 17386: 17345: 17315: 17263: 17258: 17248: 17078: 16973: 16932: 16748: 16743: 16490: 16261: 16246: 15993: 15988: 15948: 15943: 15796: 15781: 15766: 15685: 15670: 15615: 15580: 15488: 15442: 15427: 15285: 15199: 15158: 15103: 14955: 14840: 12869:"The Hamood-ur-Rahman Commission Report | Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan" 12765:"Losing the Victims: Problems of Using Women as Weapons in Recounting the Bangladesh War" 9634: 8242: 8214: 8065: 7609: 6749: 6258: 5690: 5402: 5350:, a 2023 action film based on the life of Brigadier Balram Singh Mehta who fought in the 5238: 5174: 4879: 4861: 4766: 4524: 4478: 4357:

The War Commission also looked into Pakistan's political and military involvement in the

4053: 3998: 3884: 3475: 3397: 3255: 3232: 3149: 2773: 2659: 2625: 2541: 2467: 2394: 2328:, which was 480 kilometres (300 mi) from the border. At the time of the attack, the 2297:

and told the country to prepare for war. By the first week of December, the conservative

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Military confrontation between India and Pakistan alongside the Bangladesh Liberation War

14726: 14177:"At India's 200-year-old ordnance factories, anxiety and anticipation | India News" 9459: 3746:, had not yet been implemented. Furthermore, China was also among the last countries to 3449:'s incursion against Pakistan during the war, in a broader view of recognising that the 1466:§ indicates events in the internal resistance movement linked to the Indo-Pakistani War. 19716: 19618: 19513: 19486: 19476: 19350: 18837: 18556: 18426: 18056: 17780: 17755: 17483: 17458: 17401: 17370: 17083: 17073: 16937: 16922: 16902: 16826: 16717: 16696: 16459: 16444: 16342: 16043: 15928: 15824: 15708: 15675: 15535: 15437: 15123: 15098: 15040: 14975: 14965: 14937: 14896: 14835: 14303: 11995: 11289: 10499: 10070: 9820: 7957: 7835: 6843: 6565: 6373: 6211: 5994: 5592: 5358: 5351: 5330: 5249: 5229: 5076: 4942: 4827: 4528: 4176: 4172: 4156: 3876: 3720: 3344: 3299: 3187: 3106: 2866: 2813:

fighter-bombers attacked many coastal towns in East Pakistan, including Chittagong and

2803: 2791: 2710: 2491: 2474: 2390: 2321: 2294: 2274:; this soon spread to the rest of West Pakistan. By October, other stickers proclaimed 2187: 1966: 1890: 1824:

in East Bengal in 1964; and the mass protests in 1969. These led to the resignation of

1809: 1738: 1416: 1406: 1346: 1310: 1211: 1201: 1176: 1031: 969: 876: 865: 851: 817: 707: 446: 437: 383: 115: 72: 16527: 14779: 11270:"An Atlas of the 1971 India – Pakistan war : the creation of Bangladesh (review)" 10725: 10306:"British aircraft carrier 'HMS Eagle' tried to intervene in 1971 India – Pakistan war" 6697: 5793: 1850:

To overcome the Bengali domination and prevent formation of the central government in

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Haq, Fahmidul (2022). "Cinema of Bangladesh: Absence of 1947 and abundance of 1971".

13938: 13908: 13663: 13571: 13547: 13523: 13517: 13440: 13190: 13112: 12974: 12836: 12621: 12582: 12543: 12504: 12471: 12438:"Birth of Bangladesh: When raped women and war babies paid the price of a new nation" 12420: 12347: 12320: 12199: 12116: 12074: 12035: 11943: 11906: 11867: 11830: 11770: 11679: 11652: 11596: 11557: 11518: 11385: 11343: 11293: 11207: 11177: 11116: 11034: 10990: 10918: 10754: 10689: 10595: 10561: 10524: 10503: 10435: 10273: 10128: 10101: 10038: 9996: 9954: 9915: 9694: 9561: 9525: 9344: 9220: 9193: 9150: 9101: 8997: 8955: 8877: 8637: 8603: 8556: 8399: 8250: 8222: 8073: 7839: 7795: 7763: 7537: 7493: 7468: 7431: 7392: 7365: 7354: 7332: 7282: 7206: 7162: 7135: 7094: 6995: 6956: 6924: 6899: 6870: 6847: 6790: 6717: 6672: 6645: 6514: 6168: 6126: 6063: 6020: 5945: 5903: 5876: 5839: 5800: 5768: 5701: 5665: 5654: 5629: 5618: 5544: 5524: 5480: 4867: 4836: 4794: 4252:

of professionals such as physicians, teachers, and other intellectuals, as part of a

4037: 3922:

Since the end of the war, India continues to retain control over the regions such as

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attempted to cut Indian transport lines between Punjab and Jammu by advancing on the

2414: 2210:). Among the Indian contributors to the radio station's nationalistic programmes was 2203: 2194:

on 30 March 1971. It resumed broadcasts on 3 April from Tripura, aided by the Indian

2088: 1996: 1702: 1276: 1227: 1216: 1170: 1163: 1036: 1001: 746: 653: 636: 433: 156: 14034: 12653: 11170: 6816:. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1975. pp. 73, 75) that "could have been" 12 million. 6569: 4115:

military action was a display of stark cruelty more merciless than the massacres at

2632: 19309: 19208: 19053: 18748: 18641: 18631: 18368: 18040: 17775: 17508: 17493: 17330: 17177: 17088: 17053: 16952: 16912: 16892: 16841: 16761: 16700: 16619: 16023: 15933: 15900: 15882: 15852: 15761: 15726: 15655: 15647: 15333: 15305: 15244: 15214: 15148: 15133: 15050: 14932: 14927: 14753: 14275: 12937: 12687: 12191: 11743: 11281: 11022: 10491: 10236: 7827: 7057: 6835: 6557: 5986: 5529: 5294: 5261: 5094: 4696: 4574: 4467: 4418: 4389: 4218: 4180: 4163:

was promulgated in 1973 that reflected this equal balance and a compromise between

4116: 3840: 3572: 3480: 3329: 3318: 3244: 3194: 3190: 3145: 3087: 2847: 2836: 2757: 2751: 2584:

was similarly imbalanced and this finally represented a major defeat for Pakistan.

2574: 2502: 2486: 2375: 2348: 2290: 2231: 2034: 1548: 1527: 1421: 1386: 1341: 1326: 1298: 1222: 1186: 1046: 1026: 981: 959: 785: 774: 760: 625: 586: 549: 455: 451: 442: 144: 129: 14331:"'Border' director JP Dutta pays tribute to Brig Chandpuri | Chandigarh News" 14279: 13814: 13789: 13764: 13739: 11675:

The Pashtun question: the unresolved key to the future of Pakistan and Afghanistan

11060:. National Defense University, Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Studies. 10495: 9608:"Picture Gallery – Aviation Art by Group Captain Syed Masood Akhtar Hussaini" 9388: 9317: 8845: 6890:

Sajjad, Tazreena (2012) . "The Post-Genocidal Period and its Impact on Women". In

6798: 5872:

Himalayan Frontiers of India: Historical, Geo-Political and Strategic Perspectives

5712:

India's decisive victory in 1971 led to the signing of the Simla Agreement in 1972

2873: 1737:

were civilians, either family members of the military personnel or collaborators (

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The East Moves West: India, China, and Asia's Growing Presence in the Middle East

11152: 11110: 11055: 10224: 10122: 8991: 8907: 7883: 7852: 7831: 7616: 7295: 7274: 6805: 6786: 6779: 6756: 6637: 6561: 6443: 6232: 5897: 5124: 5090: 5079: 5038:

officer. Former Additional Director General Ordnance Factories and Member of the

4996: 4704: 4598: 4520: 4471: 4453: 4449: 4430: 4422: 4414: 4339: 4068: 3916: 3912: 3739: 3724: 3634: 3594: 3492: 3442: 2961: 2957: 2950: 2843: 2810: 2703: 2686: 2588: 2482: 2463: 2443: 2383: 2337: 2324:(PAF) launched surprise pre-emptive strikes on eight Indian airfields, including 2215: 2211: 1734: 1391: 1351: 1331: 1321: 1315: 1248: 1085: 1058: 1041: 1021: 954: 614: 564: 545: 480: 263: 196: 106: 19131: 16205: 14741: 13317:"An encounter with the 'king' of Turtuk, a border village near Gilgit-Baltistan" 8278:. London, UK: Monitoring Service of the British Broadcasting Corporation. 1971. 6598: 6237:. Horizon Books ( A Division of Ignited Minds Edutech P Ltd), 2017. p. 117. 6167:, edited by Chris Bishop (Amber publishing 1997, republished 2004 pages 384–387 6094:"This Vijay Diwas, remember the sacrifices and do good by our disabled soldiers" 5656:

The East Moves West India, China, and Asia's Growing Presence in the Middle East

424: 415: 19297: 17523: 17365: 17335: 17320: 17228: 17192: 17182: 17068: 17043: 16968: 16907: 16658: 16337: 16266: 15953: 15857: 15829: 15776: 15771: 15756: 15731: 15718: 15519: 15417: 15384: 15374: 15351: 15280: 15209: 15163: 14746: 12578:

From Protest to Freedom: A Book for the New Generation: the Birth of Bangladesh

11857: 9291: 6862: 6808:: lowest estimate 2 million claimed by Pakistan (reported by Aziz, Qutubuddin. 5490: 5384: 5380: 5182: 5098: 5083: 5020: 4956: 4916: 4845: 4799: 4785: 4755: 4622: 4508: 4343: 4257: 4136: 4132: 4111: 3964: 3956: 3948: 3793: 3735: 3675: 3590: 3538: 3431: 3379: 3198: 3053: 3020: 2814: 2795: 2769: 2581: 2084: 1813: 1763: 1401: 523: 506: 410: 152: 148: 65: 14696: 13073:"Bravado And Capitulation – "Further resistance is not humanly possible"" 12195: 10218: 7818:

Raghavan, Srinath (2012), "Soldiers, Statesmen, and India's Security Policy",

6799:

Table 8.2 Pakistan Genocide in Bangladesh Estimates, Sources, and Calculations

5875:. Routledge Contemporary South Asia Series. Taylor & Francis. p. 71. 5832: 4408:

smuggling, war crimes and neglect of duty. The War Commission had recommended

3172:

Instrument of Surrender of Pakistan Eastern Command stationed in East Pakistan

3071:

The PAF played a more limited role in the operations. They were reinforced by

269:

India retained 883 km (341.1 sq mi) of the gained territory in

20031: 19951: 19355: 18220: 17549: 17448: 17187: 16692: 16688: 16665: 16408: 16322: 16038: 15605: 15379: 15356: 15088: 15083: 15014: 14790: 14427: 12222: 12203: 11820: 10202: 9879:"Vijay Diwas: All you need to know about 1971 war with Pakistan | India News" 9785: 9185: 8583: 7028:"1971 war: The story of India's victory, Pak's surrender, Bangladesh freedom" 6891: 6709: 5363: 5299: 5222: 5161: 5068: 5060: 5053: 4936: 4931: 4780: 4618: 4485: 3927: 3868: 3797: 3781: 3582: 3568: 3488: 3376: 3352: 3314: 3291: 3061: 2993: 2917: 2883:, 1 minesweeper, 1 submarine, 2 destroyers, 3 patrol crafts belonging to the 2829: 2799: 2780: 2663: 2652: 2644: 2621: 2517: 2459: 2227: 2207: 2155: 2142: 2030: 2026: 1988: 1951: 1902: 1859: 1682: 885: 828: 374: 354: 211: 14484:"Mukti – Birth of a Nation Showcases History of Indian Military During 1971" 13486: 12170:

had been seized by West Pakistani soldiers and locally recruited supporters.

9216:

Torpedo: The Complete History of the World's Most Revolutionary Naval Weapon

8560: 4192:

US displaying an inability to supply weapons that Pakistan needed the most.

3658:

Kissinger's own framing of the 1971 crisis as a contest between cool-headed

3567:

When Pakistan's defeat in the eastern sector seemed certain, Nixon deployed

1100: 20009: 19129: 18693: 17959: 17574: 17569: 17273: 17172: 16653: 16648: 16643: 16638: 16577: 15998: 15973: 15404: 15300: 15239: 14873: 14117:"Govt offers to form committee, OF unions to think over | Nagpur News" 14082: 12539:

The Colonel Who Would Not Repent: The Bangladesh War and Its Unquiet Legacy

12312: 11318: 10980: 9087: 5346: 5254: 5186: 5109: 5064: 4951: 4911: 4775: 4700: 4409: 4277: 4124: 4025: 3990: 3880: 3836: 3829: 3719:, and was already engaging and making advances against the Pakistan Army's 3446: 3438: 3326: 3248: 3091: 3083: 3079:

ally (whose identity remains unknown). According to author Martin Bowman, "

3042: 3008: 2840: 2533: 2526: 2426: 2371: 2286: 2138: 2120: 2042: 2003: 1882: 1783: 1759: 1482: 1148: 695: 575: 365: 201: 13699: 11285: 10510: 10395: 10096:

Nixon, Kissinger, and the Shah: The United States and Iran in the Cold War

9816:"1971 war: When Indian officers rescued Pakistan general from a lynch mob" 2417:

to put up a defensive fight against the approaching Indian Army soldiers.

19774: 19340: 19292: 18340: 18292: 18027: 18014: 17533: 17498: 17406: 17355: 17350: 16757: 16753: 16368: 15983: 15560: 15341: 15173: 15138: 14682:

Warner, Geoffrey. "Nixon, Kissinger and the breakup of Pakistan, 1971."

13543: 12617:

Extremely Violent Societies: Mass Violence in the Twentieth-Century World

11709: 10034:

The Crimson Chinar: The Kashmir Conflict: A Politico Military Perspective

8022: 7239: 5266: 5237:. This movie is an adaptation from real life events that happened at the 5178: 4740: 4582: 4400: 4265: 4128: 4014: 3844: 3813: 3763: 3683:. China was also critical of the Government of East Pakistan, led by its 3659: 3616: 3604: 3310: 3076: 2983:

A destroyed aircraft hangar at Dacca airfield after an Indian air attack.

2939: 2761: 2713: 2671: 2636: 2341: 1801: 1730: 419: 401: 206: 140: 19405: 13604:

Kreisler interview with Coll "Conversations with history", 25 March 2005

11942:. Translated by Ibrahim, Kushal. Somoy Prokashan. pp. 88, 148–149. 10750:

Internal Conflicts- A Four State Analysis: India-Nepal-Sri Lanka-Myanmar

10659:. Montreal, Quebec, Canada. United Press International. 26 August 1972. 10583: 10581: 10579: 10577: 10396:"Nixon/Kissinger Saw India as "Soviet Stooge" in 1971 South Asia Crisis" 5046:, in 1972 in the civil-service category for his efforts during the war. 3541:, and this prompted widespread criticism and condemnation – both by the 3066:

In The Ring and on Its Feet: Pakistan Air Force in the 1971 Indo-Pak War

2942:

harbour, destroying the fuel tanks used by the boats that had attacked.

1979:

Mass arrests of dissidents began and, after several days of strikes and

19828: 19784: 19213: 18636: 18606: 17554: 17421: 17396: 17310: 17305: 16564: 16276: 16187: 16013: 15514: 15509: 15249: 15194: 15189: 15078: 13982: 12106: 6509:

Mainsprings of Indian and Pakistani Foreign Policies – S. M. Burke

5998: 5724: 5515: 5315: 5043: 4991: 4876: 4833: 4735: 4573:, argues that the Pakistan military's experience with India, including 4569: 4564: 4370: 4214: 4104: 3872: 3852: 3751: 3731: 3707:, became imminent. US President Nixon encouraged China to mobilise its 3688: 3500: 3237: 3072: 2557: 2478: 2263: 2251: 2242:

passes would be closed by snow, limiting China's ability to intervene.

2046: 2014: 1984: 1958: 1863: 1832: 1722: 1553: 534: 495: 475: 464: 392: 307: 252: 17991: 15457: 12729:"Dhaka demonstrators protest Pakistan's reaction to Molla's execution" 10853:"Brief Overview of Sri Lanka's Foreign Relations to Post-Independence" 8750:

Soldiers Speak, Selected Articles from Pakistan Army Journal 1956–1981

6839: 6658: 6160: 6158: 6156: 6154: 4577:'s experience in 1971, influenced the Pakistani government to support 4331:

In the aftermath of the war, the Pakistani Government constituted the

4199:

with a view to "never to allow another foreign invasion of Pakistan."

3495:

refused to use rhetoric in a hopeless attempt to intervene in a large

3101: 406: 397: 388: 379: 370: 19779: 19436: 17564: 16271: 15310: 14980: 11242:

An Atlas of the 1971 India – Pakistan War: The Creation of Bangladesh

11195: 11193: 11057:

An Atlas of the 1971 India - Pakistan War: The Creation of Bangladesh

10574: 9517: 9369: 8542: 7885:

An Atlas of the 1971 India - Pakistan War: The Creation of Bangladesh

7356:

Deadly Embrace: Pakistan, America, and the Future of the Global Jihad

7304:"Anatomy of Violence: Analysis of Civil War in East Pakistan in 1971" 6861:

Sharlach, Lisa (2002). "State Rape: Sexual Violence as Genocide". In

6287: 5411: 5303: 5242: 5234: 5202: 4316: 4285: 4213:

As a result of the war, East Pakistan became an independent country,

4147:

was established to equally distribute the taxation revenue among the

3919:, while the international border would return to its pre-war limits. 3805: 3777: 3612: 3496: 3183: 2900: 2835:

Due to a high number of defections, the Navy relied on deploying the

2818: 2700: 2610: 2450: 2329: 2267: 2239: 2183: 2163: 1910: 1851: 823: 812: 273:

while Pakistan retained 53 km (20.4 sq mi) territory

10591:

Pakistan at the Crossroads: Domestic Dynamics and External Pressures

10182:

The Nixon Administration's South Asia policy... is beyond redemption

9901: 7202:

A Medical Doctor Examines Life on Three Continents: A Pakistani View

6543:"The question of genocide and the quest for justice in the 1971 war" 5990: 5362:, a 2023 film, is based on the life of India's first Field Marshal 19838: 19314: 16675: 16403: 11543: 10388: 9419:"Utilisation of Pakistan merchant ships seized during the 1971 war" 9206: 8158: 6233:

Dr. He Hemant Kumar Pandey & Manish Raj Singh (1 August 2017).

6151: 5217: 4578: 4504: 4496: 4293: 4168: 4164: 3923: 3848: 3801: 3784:. This decision did not strain relations between Ceylon and India. 3225: 2640: 2587:

The Indian Army's improved performance following its defeat in the

2246: 2083:

against their Bengali citizens, particularly aimed at the minority

2052: 2038: 2018: 1855: 1674: 839:

Pakistani main port Karachi facilities damaged/fuel tanks destroyed

801: 666: 490: 331: 53: 11190: 10740: 8985: 8983: 8247:

War and secession: Pakistan, India, and the creation of Bangladesh

8219:

War and secession: Pakistan, India, and the creation of Bangladesh

8070:

War and secession: Pakistan, India, and the creation of Bangladesh

5737: 2783:, inflicting major damages and killing several officers on board. 14549:

The Flawed Architect: Henry Kissinger and American Foreign Policy

10124:

The flawed architect: Henry Kissinger and American foreign policy

10085: 8989: 8582:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

8023:"Sam Manekshaw: Sam Manekshaw, soldier, died on 27 June, aged 94" 7534:

Civil wars of the world : major conflicts since World War II

5221:, a 1975 Bollywood film set during this war featuring a romantic 4625:

were awarded to units of the Indian Army; notable among them are:

4590: 4131:... General Tikka ... resorted to the killing of civilians and a 3905: 3608: 3593:

also deployed a carrier battle group led by the aircraft carrier

3426: 2968: 2880: 2262:" becoming a standard feature on the rear windows of vehicles in 2199: 833: 13039:"The Loss of Character – "Lust for wine, greed for houses"" 12793: 12529: 12497:

Worcester, Kenton; Bermanzohn, Sally Avery; Ungar, Mark (2013).

12099: 9689:

Cold War Jet Combat: Air-to-Air Jet Fighter Operations 1950–1972

8387: 8385: 7158:

India After Gandhi: The History of the World's Largest Democracy

6981: 4264:

Pakistani government denied the charges of involvement in 2015.

1897:, resulted in Awami League gaining 167 out of 169 seats for the 19453: 14737:

A day by day account of the war as seen in a virtual newspaper.

13008:"The Genesis of Defeat – How many Hindus have you killed?" 12715:

An Atlas of 1971 Indian-Pakistan war-the Creation of Bangladesh

11161: 10633:. Oxnard, California, USA. Associated Press. 1 September 1975. 10558:

China-Pakistan strategic cooperation : Indian perspectives

8980: 7529: 4500: 4492: 4253: 3952: 3935: 3931: 3864: 3808:

to encourage them to participate. He sent letters to both, the

2996:, while Pakistan responded with similar night attacks with its 2922: 2544:, the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of the Indian Army's 2498: 2271: 2134:

for assistance, but failed to elicit any response, despite the

1934:

However, the military top brass vetoed the mission's proposal.

14518:

The Blood Telegram: Nixon, Kissinger, and a Forgotten Genocide

10986:

The Blood Telegram: Nixon, Kissinger, and a Forgotten Genocide

8993:

Makers of Modern Strategy: From Machiavelli to the Nuclear Age

7792:

The Blood Telegram: Nixon, Kissinger, and a Forgotten Genocide

7194: 7192: 7190: 7050: 5442:

List of aerial victories during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971

2186:

in East Pakistan to India after the transmission building was

14645:

O General My General (Life and Works of General M A G Osmany)

13815:"Gallantry Awards | Ministry of Defence, Government of India" 13790:"Gallantry Awards | Ministry of Defence, Government of India" 13765:"Gallantry Awards | Ministry of Defence, Government of India" 13740:"Gallantry Awards | Ministry of Defence, Government of India" 13487:"Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees" 12410:"Statistics of Democide: Genocide and Mass Murder Since 1900" 11791:"Gen. Tikka Khan, 87; 'Butcher of Bengal' Led Pakistani Army" 11582: 10026: 10024: 8382: 6780:"Statistics of Democide: Genocide and Mass Murder Since 1900" 5322: 5136: 4971: 4851: 4842: 4463: 4454:

Transfer of Population Under the Terms of the Delhi Agreement

4297: 4044:

had proved insufficient to keep Bengalis a part of Pakistan.

3833: 3821: 3817: 3671: 3508: 3141: 3129: 3094:

air bases or in concrete bunkers, refusing to offer a fight.

3080: 2490:

and the Indian units pushed back and threatened Sialkot. The

2453:. The town was held by an outnumbered Infantry Company under 2379: 2303: 2141:

meeting foreign ministers of other countries. Prime Minister

1690: 1670: 729: 360: 349: 300: 87: 14005:"Major Shabbir Sharif's 51st martyrdom anniversary observed" 13220: 13218: 12023: 12021: 11988: 11940:

The Vanquished Generals and the Liberation War of Bangladesh

11112:

India's Wars Since Independence The Liberation Of Bangladesh

10724:. Bangladesh Strategic and Development Forum. Archived from 8765:"The Battle of Hussainiwala and Qaiser-i-Hind: The 1971 War" 8723:"The Battle of Hussainiwala and Qaiser-i-Hind: The 1971 War" 7604: 7602: 4534: 3136: 2605: 2307:

related materials to boost the recruitment in the military.

9036: 8053:

Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw, M.C. – Soldiering with Dignity

7465:

Through the 1971 Crisis: An Eyewitness Account by a Soldier

7231: 7187: 6475: 6186:"Chapter 10: Naval Operations in the Western Naval Command" 5407: 5035: 5024: 3825: 3534: 3121: 2617: 2325: 1939: 14702:

A complete coverage of the war from the Indian perspective

13439:. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. p. 99. 12905:"The Untold Story of 1971 – Behind Pakistan's Defeat" 11651:. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. p. 88. 10021: 9754:"Exclusive Details of How Air Force Raided A Pak Air Base" 9714: 9680: 8743: 8086: 7690: 6644:. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. p. 87. 5834:

Kashmir in Conflict: India, Pakistan and the Unending Ward

2245:

The news media's mood in Pakistan had turned increasingly

16229: 13215: 12960: 12317:

Dead reckoning : memories of the 1971 Bangladesh war

12018: 11902:

Memoir of M H Khan: Turbulence in the Indian Subcontinent

11452:"Pakistan's leaders should heed the lesson of Bangladesh" 9678: 9676: 9674: 9672: 9670: 9668: 9666: 9664: 9662: 9660: 7599: 5120: 4438:

Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 Prisoners of War Investigation

4327:

Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 Prisoners of War Investigation

4171:, and provided guaranteed equal human rights to all. The 4036:

in 1971. Pakistani policy-makers further feared that the

3875:, Israel's prime minister, got Israeli arms manufacturer 2817:. Pakistan countered the threat by sending the submarine 2176:

and keep up the morale of comrades in East Pakistan. The

14727:

Pakistan: Partition and Military Succession USA Archives

13286:"Turtuk, a Promised Land Between Two Hostile Neighbours" 12496: 12112:

Power Versus Prudence: Why Nations Forgo Nuclear Weapons

11736:"Prince, Soldier, Statesman – Sahabzada Yaqub Khan" 10787:"India and Its Neighbors: Cooperation or Confrontation?" 9284:"The Second Missile Attack " PakDef Military Consortium" 9275: 9135: 9133: 9131: 9129: 8589: 7519: 7517: 7515: 7513: 7511: 7509: 6944: 6942: 6940: 6370:"India – Pakistan War, 1971; Western Front, Part I" 3155: 2282:

formal war that India expected to launch on 6 December.

1999:, attempted to kill the intellectual elite of the east. 11157:. International Living, Incorporated. 2002. p. 22. 8153: 8151: 7269: 7267: 7265: 5765:

Crossed Swords: Pakistan, Its Army, and the Wars Within

5314:, a 2017 Indian war drama film written and directed by 2254:

campaign, possibly orchestrated by elements within the

14742:

The Tilt: The U.S. and the South Asian Crisis of 1971.

12333: 10951:"Documents reveal US tilt to Pak in 1971 - India News" 10423: 10421: 9911:

A History of the Pakistan Army: Wars and Insurrections

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Plight and Fate of Women During and Following Genocide

6714:

Plight and Fate of Women During and Following Genocide

5941:

A History of the Pakistan Army: Wars and Insurrections

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Paret, Peter; Gordon A. Craig; Felix Gilbert (1986).

7506: 6937: 5075:, Dhaka. This included eight heads of states: former 3911:

Subsequently, in 1972, India and Pakistan signed the

3863:

Despite not having diplomatic relations at the time,

3832:

helped camouflage the extent of PAF losses, and some

2879:

The damage inflicted on the Pakistan Navy stood at 7

2689:

on the night of 4/5 December 1971 under the codename

2677:

In the western theatre of the war, the Indian Navy's

20048:

Military operations of the Bangladesh Liberation War

11027:

1971: A Global History of the Creation of Bangladesh

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Mainsprings of Indian and Pakistani Foreign Policies

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Conflict between India and Pakistan: An Encyclopedia

4195:

In January 1972, Pakistan under Bhutto launched the

1983:, the Pakistani military, led by Lieutenant-General 1693:

on 16 December 1971. The war began with Pakistan's

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Nationbuilding, Gender and War Crimes in South Asia

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Nationbuilding, Gender and War Crimes in South Asia

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The Lightning Campaign: The Indo-Pakistan War, 1971

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Nationbuilding, Gender and War Crimes in South Asia

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Vulnerable India: A Geographical Study of Disasters

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The Lightning Campaign: The Indo-Pakistan War, 1971

3416: 3052:-based 20 Squadron, attacked the Pakistani base in 2727:for the major Indian warships. On 9 December 1971, 2466:also bombed the Pakistani units. By 7 December the 2278:in an apparent reference to Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. 2009:In April, the exiled Awami League leaders formed a 1697:, consisting of preemptive aerial strikes on eight 14601:The Lightning Campaign: The Indo-Pakistan War 1971 13659:Battle Honours of the Indian Army 1757 – 1971 12898: 12896: 12894: 11639: 11637: 11169: 10914:The Diplomatic Ideas and Practices of Asian States 10259: 10093: 9992:South Asian Crisis: India — Pakistan — Bangla Desh 9686: 8479: 8431: 8181: 7977: 7640: 7574: 7388:Tragedy of Errors: East Pakistan Crisis, 1968–1971 6506: 6436: 6088: 6086: 6049: 6047: 6045: 6043: 6041: 6039: 5831: 5792: 5786: 5784: 5758: 5756: 4377:effects on the demoralised military. In 1976, the 4317:Pakistan: War Enquiry Commission and War prisoners 4032:and military collapse that resulted from a direct 3645:After the war, the United States accepted the new 3030:was destroyed in Islamabad, along with the USAF's 2320:On the evening of 3 December, at about 17:35, the 1954:community, which largely supported West Pakistan. 1889:stressed his political position by presenting his 17714: 11504: 10265: 9547:Jon Lake, "Air Power Analysis: Indian Airpower", 9373:. Chennai, India. 2 December 2006. Archived from 6632: 6630: 6628: 6626: 6624: 5692:Deadly connections: States that Sponsor Terrorism 5545:Pakistan news media in Indo-Pakistani war of 1971 3421: 2685:, successfully launched a surprise attack on the 2198:. The clandestine station was finally shifted to 2079:began airing reports of the Pakistani military's 1893:and endorsing the Bengalis' right to govern. The 1725:. Approximately 93,000 Pakistani servicemen were 20029: 17695:2015 Expulsion of Pakistani diplomats from Dhaka 14647:. The Osmany Memorial Trust, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 14622:1971– A global History of Creation of Bangladesh 14286: 13698:. National Defense Academy, Pune. Archived from 13613:, UC Berkeley Institute of International Studies 13095: 12227:Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh 11707: 9781:"Why the Indian Air Force has a high crash rate" 9485:"Military Losses in the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War" 8873:M48 Patton vs Centurion: Indo-Pakistani War 1965 8474: 8472: 8189:"New Twist In 'Crush India' Propaganda Campaign" 7134:(Reprint ed.). Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press. 6500: 6498: 6431: 6429: 6427: 6425: 6423: 6421: 6419: 6417: 5570:Pakistan military deployments in other countries 4443: 3460:Indo-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation 2053:India's involvement in Bangladesh Liberation War 1858:programme established the two wings of East and 18726:Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War 16817:Military plans of the Bangladesh Liberation War 13542:Wierda, Marieke; Anthony Triolo (31 May 2012). 12932: 12930: 12891: 12684:"Bangladesh to Hold Trials for 1971 War Crimes" 12380:"Pakistan denies committing war crimes in 1971" 12319:. London: C. Hurst. pp. 164–165, 176–181. 12175: 11634: 11514:Political Survival in Pakistan: Beyond Ideology 11339:Bangladesh: Politics, Economy and Civil Society 10675: 10549: 10215:WHT 016-048 12/08/1971 11:06 – 11:14 am P, GHWB 9723:"How India brought down the US' supersonic man" 9023: 8512:"1971: Pakistan intensifies air raids on India" 8249:. University of California Press. p. 213. 8221:. 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University of Minnesota Press. p. 216. 6235:INDIA'S MAJOR MILITARY & RESCUE OPERATIONS 5366:and his contribution to the 1971 Indo-Pak war. 3224:around Lt Gen Niazi to protect him from being 2786:In the eastern theatre of the war, the Indian 2695:. The naval attack involving the Soviet-built 2172:Indian authorities also attempted to carry on 1931:, the chairman of the Pakistan Peoples Party. 915: 159:Krishnamurthy (peering over Jacob‘s shoulder). 19865:Deputy High Commission of Bangladesh, Karachi 19811: 19421: 19115: 18880:Defence Research and Development Organisation 17975: 16170: 15473: 14806: 13662:. New Delhi: Vision Books. pp. 257–278. 13066: 13064: 12654:"Bangladesh sets up 1971 war crimes tribunal" 11826:Songs of Blood and Sword: A Daughter's Memoir 10823:"The Foreign Policy of Sirimavo Bandaranaike" 9212: 8829: 8469: 8320: 7696: 6994:. Minnesota, U.S.: Encyclopaedia Britannica. 6495: 6414: 5976: 5933: 5931: 5565:1971 Winter POWs/MIA Investigations, Pakistan 5133:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 3651:bilateral relations between the two countries 3623:to help ward off the threat posed by the USS 3148:which destroyed most of the tanks during the 2974: 1586:1999 Pakistan Breguet 1150 Atlantic shootdown 1498: 1130: 1116: 901: 19936:2013 siege of the Pakistani embassy in Dhaka 19860:High Commissioners of Bangladesh to Pakistan 17989: 16852:Pakistan Army order of battle, December 1971 14780:"The Rediff Interview/Lt Gen A A Khan Niazi" 14534: 14259: 13314: 12927: 12721: 12070:India and the South Asian Strategic Triangle 11767:The 1971 Indo-Pak War: A Soldier's Narrative 11377: 11325:(5th ed.). Westview Press. p. 269. 11075:Pakistani territory, albeit barren desert.18 10714: 10237:"1971 War: How the US tried to corner India" 10195:"President Richard Nixon and the Presidents" 9979: 8159:"1971 'Jihad': Print ads from West Pakistan" 6241: 6208:"Damage Assessment– 1971 Indo Pak Naval War" 6165:The Encyclopedia of 20th Century Air Warfare 5859: 5506:United States–Pakistan relations before 1990 4284:to prosecute the people involved in alleged 4086:The 1971 Indo-Pak War: A Soldier's Narrative 2651:and raided several towns and some cities in 1762:women and girls in a systematic campaign of 1512: 13519:Zulfi Bhutto of Pakistan:his life and times 13182: 13104: 13030: 12620:. Cambridge University Press. p. 148. 12339: 11384:. Cambridge University Press. p. 182. 9554: 9512: 9510: 8419: 7813: 7811: 7657: 7622: 7273: 5511:Soviet Union-Pakistan relations before 1990 5073:Bangabandhu International Conference Centre 3780:where they were refuelled before flying to 2437:. The Pakistani 23 Armoured Division under 2075:and Lieutenant-General Yaqub Ali Khan, the 231:Surrender of East Pakistan military command 19818: 19804: 19428: 19414: 19122: 19108: 18739:Evacuation of Indian civilians from Kuwait 17982: 17968: 16857:Mitro Bahini Order of Battle December 1971 16177: 16163: 15480: 15466: 14813: 14799: 14759:India-Pakistan 1971 War as covered by TIME 14732:Pakistan intensifies air raid on India BBC 14031:"Inter Services Public Relations Pakistan" 13909:"Nishan-e-Haider holders of Pakistan Army" 13061: 12258:"Martyred intellectuals: martyred history" 12184:South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies 12002:. Nazaria-e-Pakistan, Part IV. June 2003. 11710:"Islamic Pakistan, The Second Martial Law" 11342:. Cambridge University Press. p. 81. 10682:Chau, Donovan C.; Kane, Thomas M. (2014). 10625: 10623: 10594:. 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Bermanzohn; Mark Ungar (eds.). 6772: 6252:"IAF Combat Kills – 1971 Indo-Pak Air War" 5928: 5550:International Crimes Tribunal (Bangladesh) 5437:Post–World War II air-to-air combat losses 4197:clandestine development of nuclear weapons 4056:, who was sworn in on 20 December 1971 as 2903:, Pakistan lost half its navy in the war. 2336:, were inspired by the success of Israeli 2166:that were to be trained against Pakistan. 1717:on 16 December 1971 in Dhaka, marking the 1505: 1491: 1123: 1109: 908: 894: 109:is seen holding a microphone on the right. 19888:Rape during the Bangladesh Liberation War 19435: 17873:Movement demanding trial of war criminals 16984:Rape during the Bangladesh Liberation War 16481:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's speech of 7 March 16139:Rape during the Bangladesh Liberation War 16067:Movement demanding trial of war criminals 15428:Engine Room Artificer Mohammad Ruhul Amin 14545: 13616: 13248: 13070: 13036: 13005: 12999: 12902: 12835:. Harvard University Press. p. 127. 12155:. New York. 19 December 1971. p. 1. 12028:Singh, Ravi Shekhar Narain Singh (2008). 11378:van Schendel, Willem (12 February 2009). 11015: 10587: 10516: 10269:Nuclear South Asia: Keywords and Concepts 10153: 10120: 9907: 9516: 9290:. Pakistan Defence, Usman. Archived from 8912: 8302:"Anti-India Demonstration and Procession" 8045: 7762:. India: Lancer Publishers. p. 415. 7240:"Islamic Pakistan: Illusions and Reality" 5937: 5829: 4558: 4535:Bangladesh: International Crimes Tribunal 3993:tenures, relations deteriorated when the 3519:, with whom Nixon had been negotiating a 2794:, completely isolated East Pakistan by a 2591:in 1962 boosted its morale and prestige. 2099:to find safe shelter; the governments of 751:Okha harbour damaged/fuel tanks destroyed 19855:High Commission of Bangladesh, Islamabad 19176:Taliban insurgency in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa 18283:Armed Forces Special Operations Division 17678:Deaths along the Bangladesh–India border 16812:Sectors in the Bangladesh Liberation War 16506:Proclamation of Bangladeshi Independence 14665:Pakistan Splits: The Birth of Bangladesh 14618: 13649: 13373:"Have you heard about this Indian Hero?" 12535: 12255: 12210: 11783: 11769:. Oxford University Press. p. 288. 11671: 11021: 10746: 10681: 10427: 10069: 9507: 9139: 9093: 9032:"1971 War: 'I will give you 30 minutes'" 8812:"The Tribune – Windows – Featured story" 8752:. Army Education Press, GHQ, Rawalpindi. 8746:"Battle Lore – On Breakthrough in Chamb" 7950: 7817: 7808: 7569: 7567: 7565: 7198: 6860: 6825: 6471:"1971 War: 'I will give you 30 minutes'" 6396:"Aircraft Losses in Pakistan – 1971 War" 5790: 5767:. Oxford University Press. p. 329. 5575:Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction 5265:, a 2007 Bollywood war film directed by 5233:, a 1997 Bollywood war film directed by 5129:International Committee of the Red Cross 3425: 3247:, making it the largest surrender since 3135: 3112: 3100: 2978: 2916: 2860: 2631: 2604: 2516: 2389:Casualties inflicted to Pakistan Army's 2218:also actively took part in this effort. 1942:, and subsequently refused to yield the 1804:and West Pakistan had its origin in the 842:Pakistani airfields damaged and cratered 17771:Bangladesh Police Liberation War Museum 17621:International recognition of Bangladesh 16898:Battle of Rangamati-Mahalchari waterway 15487: 14538:Pakistaniaat: Special issue on 1971 War 13979:"PAKISTAN AIR FORCE - Official website" 13515: 13431: 13347:"A portrait of a village on the border" 12973:. Lancer Publishers. pp. 288–289. 12613: 12574: 12402: 12181: 11856: 11764: 11643: 11422:"Chapter 4: How Asians View Each Other" 11104: 11102: 10883:"Pak thanks Lanka for help in 1971 war" 10753:. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. p. 69. 10620: 10431:Changing US Foreign Policy toward India 10100:. Oxford University Press. p. 61. 10091: 9995:. Chatto & Windus. pp. 72–73. 9985: 9477: 9245: 8869: 8356: 7983: 7951:Dasgupta, Priyanka (29 November 2021). 7536:. Vol. II. ABC-CLIO. p. 596. 7523: 7467:. Oxford University Press. p. 33. 7462: 7456: 6898:. Transaction Publishers. p. 225. 6762: 6703: 6636: 6284:"Pakistan Air Force – Official website" 6104:from the original on 17 December 2018. 6062:. Vol. 2. Routledge. p. 806. 5868: 5825: 5823: 5660:. 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Cambridge University Press. p. 5496:Pakistan and state-sponsored terrorism 5410:(Pakistani) drama based on sinking of 5354:on the eastern front in November 1971. 4555:during the Bangladesh Liberation War. 3895: 3824:and promised to provide replacements. 3231:Hostilities officially ended at 14:30 20088:Post-independence history of Pakistan 19799: 19409: 19272:War with Islamic State (2022–Present) 19103: 17963: 17713: 17604: 17142: 16979:1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals 16526: 16230:Origins of the Bangladeshi Revolution 16228: 16158: 15621:East Pakistan Central Peace Committee 15461: 14907:Surrender of Pakistan Eastern Command 14794: 14597: 14576: 14396:from the original on 24 November 2020 14341:from the original on 15 December 2020 14247:from the original on 24 February 2015 14187:from the original on 24 December 2021 14127:from the original on 24 December 2021 14081: 13851:from the original on 24 December 2021 13720:from the original on 22 December 2011 13676:from the original on 25 February 2012 13655: 13437:Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military 12966: 12879:from the original on 28 December 2020 12739:from the original on 26 December 2016 12468:"Bangladesh sets up war crimes court" 12115:. 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Brookings Institution. p. 7132:Elections in Asia and the Pacific 7038:from the original on 12 July 2020 6748:Consulate (Dacca) Cable, Sitrep: 6451:from the original on 13 June 2017 6350:from the original on 30 June 2017 5902:. Lancer Publishers. p. 44. 5389:Pakistani Instrument of Surrender 4612: 3556:, introduced a resolution in the 3275:Number of captured Pakistani POWs 2906: 1831:, who invited army chief General 1757:raped between 200,000 and 400,000 1459:Pakistani Instrument of Surrender 251:Independence of East Pakistan as 50:Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts 20015: 20003: 19979: 19978: 19837: 19827: 19159:Civil unrest in Eastern Pakistan 19130: 19067: 19066: 19024:Women in the Indian Armed Forces 18647:Indo-Pakistani border skirmishes 18258:Northern Theatre Command (India) 18033: 18020: 18007: 17990: 17797:Bengali Genocide Remembrance Day 17122:Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971 16424:Constitution of Pakistan of 1962 16414:Constitution of Pakistan of 1956 16384:All Pakistan Awami Muslim League 16252:Muslim nationalism in South Asia 16204: 16186: 14577:Niazi, General A. A. K. (1999). 14476: 14446: 14408: 14378: 14353: 14323: 14311:from the original on 11 May 2012 14237:"B'desh honours foreign friends" 14229: 14199: 14169: 14139: 14109: 14075: 14049: 14023: 13997: 13971: 13955:. 24 August 2010. Archived from 13945: 13927: 13901: 13885:from the original on 9 July 2018 13866: 13838: 13832: 13807: 13782: 13757: 13732: 13706: 13688: 13597: 13557: 13536: 13509: 13497:from the original on 14 May 2013 13453: 13425: 13395: 13365: 13339: 13308: 13278: 13260:Bilateral/Multilateral Documents 13226:"India Pakistan | Timeline" 13176: 13137: 13083:from the original on 2 June 2016 13049:from the original on 2 June 2016 12938:"Bangladesh requests war report" 12861: 12822: 12706: 12676: 12646: 12634:from the original on 26 May 2019 12607: 12568: 12490: 12478:from the original on 5 June 2011 12460: 12430: 12305: 12280: 12249: 12237:from the original on 26 May 2019 12060: 11964:"Population of Pakistan in 1972" 11931: 11892: 11850: 11758: 11728: 11716:from the original on 30 May 2014 11701: 11692: 11665: 11621: 11474: 11444: 11414: 11398:from the original on 26 May 2019 11371: 11329: 11311: 11261: 11232: 11129:from the original on 22 May 2023 11086: 10973: 10943: 10905: 10649: 10475: 10460: 10376:from the original on 5 June 2020 10298: 10229: 10187: 10114: 10063: 9940: 9871: 9840: 9772: 9745: 9635:"Last Flight from East Pakistan" 9632: 9600: 9570: 9541: 9449:] – 1971 Indo-Pak Naval War" 9411: 9381: 9357: 9178: 9063:Singh, Dipender (27 June 2008). 8948:Nair, Sreekumar (1 March 2010). 8890: 8863: 8838: 8779: 8756: 8744:Lt. Col. Muhammad Usman Hassan. 8577: 8344:from the original on 11 May 2012 7853:"I had to find troops for Dhaka" 7576:"The U.S.: A Policy in Shambles" 7405:from the original on 18 May 2016 7302:Bose, Sarmila (8 October 2005). 7250:from the original on 30 May 2014 6015:Dixit, J.N. (2 September 2003). 5457:Muslim nationalism in South Asia 5302:. It is based on the sinking of 5269:. Set against the backdrop of a 5119:. The organisations include the 4820:Recipients of the Bir Sreshtho: 4061:with the control of the military 3627:task force in the Indian Ocean. 3545:and in the international press. 3417:Foreign reaction and involvement 3337: 3309: 3284: 2601:Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971 2512: 2420: 794: 722: 675: 665: 657: 647: 640: 630: 619: 608: 597: 590: 580: 569: 558: 539: 528: 517: 510: 500: 489: 474: 463: 450: 441: 432: 423: 414: 405: 396: 387: 378: 369: 359: 348: 324: 306: 293: 64: 19765:Historical separatist movements 18744:Piracy off the coast of Somalia 18263:Western Theatre Command (India) 17751:Martyred Intellectuals Memorial 16465:1970 Pakistani general election 16440:Swadhin Bangla Biplobi Parishad 14033:. 9 August 2019. Archived from 13981:. 14 March 2010. Archived from 12970:Psychological Warfare and India 12690:. 26 March 2010. Archived from 12340:Mikaberidze, Alexander (2013). 12031:The Military Factor in Pakistan 11919:from the original on 1 May 2022 11765:Qureshi, Hakeem Arshad (2002). 11627:Further information relates in 11511:Malik, Anas (22 October 2010). 11274:The Journal of Military History 11206:. Brookings Institution Press. 10467:"Soviet aid for Pak projects". 8737: 8714: 8669:Ahmad, Nadeem (7 August 2022). 8534: 8456: 8235: 8207: 8165:(Editorial). 16 December 2014. 8058: 7944: 7908: 7845: 7794:. Alfred A. Knopf. p. 94. 7783: 7719: 7481: 7463:Qureshi, Hakeem Arshad (2003). 7427:Pakistan's Crisis in Leadership 7417: 7378: 7320: 7123: 7080: 7020: 6912: 6883: 6854: 6819: 6742: 6541:Bose, Sarmila (November 2011). 6463: 6388: 6362: 6332: 6276: 6226: 6200: 6178: 6112: 6058:. In Leonard, Thomas M. (ed.). 6017:India-Pakistan in War and Peace 5970: 5889: 5738:https://doi.org/10.2307/2642858 5110:Sir Edward Richard George Heath 5097:, former Soviet Prime Minister 4815: 4474:was reached and signed between 4189:Chairman Joint Chiefs Committee 3715:was well prepared to guard the 2947:No. 14 Squadron "Tail Choppers" 2666:knew very well that unlike the 2662:staffers and commanders of the 2529:militarily and diplomatically. 2382:sectors was later ceded in the 2291:warned Pakistan against the war 1895:1970 Pakistani general election 19039:Indian Armed Forces rank flags 18157:Department of Military Affairs 17034:1971 Dhaka University massacre 16837:Mutiny on PNS Mangro in Toulon 16455:1969 uprising in East Pakistan 12346:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 511–512. 12264:. South Africa. Archived from 12217:Khan, Muazzam Hussain (2012). 11678:. Hurst & Co. p. 39. 11556:. Cambridge University Press. 10688:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 226–227. 10588:Jaffrelot, Christophe (2016). 9343:. Potomac Books. p. 237. 8763:Saikia, Yasmin (3 July 2017). 8721:Saikia, Yasmin (3 July 2017). 7759:Indian Army After Independence 7731:Kashmirlive, 14 September 2006 7697:International, Rotary (1971). 5743: 5730: 5717: 5560:Pakistan-Afghanistan relations 5486:Timeline of the Bangladesh War 5370: 5298:, a 2017 war film directed by 5093:, former Soviet head of state 4361:that encompasses 1947–71. The 4159:were carried out in 1972. The 4052:turned over his presidency to 3670:During the course of the war, 3478:directed a secretive message ( 3422:United States and Soviet Union 3166:East Pakistan Military Command 3162:Instrument of Surrender (1971) 2494:was deemed an Indian victory. 13: 1: 19834:Bangladesh–Pakistan relations 18853:Counter-insurgency operations 18184:Standing Committee on Defence 18179:Cabinet Committee on Security 17878:International Crimes Tribunal 17807:Armed Forces Day (Bangladesh) 17802:Independence Day (Bangladesh) 17761:Liberation War Memorial Trust 17685:Bangladesh–Pakistan relations 17605: 16093:International Crimes Tribunal 14722:Indian Army: Major Operations 14280:10.1080/14736489.2022.2086409 14207:"Friends of freedom honoured" 12772:Economic and Political Weekly 12288:"1971 Bengali Hindu Genocide" 12231:Asiatic Society of Bangladesh 11829:. Nation Books. p. 100. 10631:"China Recognizes Bangladesh" 10496:10.1080/01402390.2019.1570143 9610:. PAF Falcons. Archived from 9524:. Penguin Books. p. 95. 9213:Branfill-Cook, Roger (2014). 8596:Palit, DK (10 October 2012). 7309:Economic and Political Weekly 5603: 5071:at a special ceremony at the 4886: 4541:International Crimes Tribunal 4444:India: Indo-Pakistani summits 4306:Bangladesh–Pakistan relations 4202: 4155:of industries and nationwide 4034:foreign intervention by India 3787: 3701:Pakistan-administered Kashmir 2647:in Eastern theatre; Airforce 2470:was decisively won by India. 2442:won in this battle after the 2315: 1769: 1197:Rangamati-Mahalchari waterway 174:(1 week and 6 days) 20113:December 1971 events in Asia 16999:Shadhin Bangla Football Team 16308:Indian independence movement 16034:Santosh Chandra Bhattacharya 15433:Lance Naik Munshi Abdur Rouf 14628:. Harvard University Press. 14546:Hanhimäki, Jussi M. (2004). 14057:"Lance Naik Muhammad Mahfuz" 11905:. Mereo Books. p. 144. 11168:Mudiam, Prithvi Ram (1994). 10857:Foreign Ministry – Sri Lanka 10484:Journal of Strategic Studies 10471:. June 1972. pp. 15–16. 9914:. Skyhorse Publishing, Inc. 9365:"Remembering our war heroes" 9339:Olsen, John Andreas (2011). 8671:"The Battle of Hussainiwala" 8630:Hasnat, Syed Farooq (2011). 8364:"Indo-Pakistani War of 1971" 8029:. 3 July 2008. p. 107. 7832:10.1080/14736489.2012.674829 7430:. National Book Foundation. 7424:Khan, Fazal Muqueem (1973). 7199:Ehtisham, S. Akhtar (1998). 7058:"Legal Framework Order 1970" 6562:10.1080/14623528.2011.625750 6550:Journal of Genocide Research 6314:Bharat Rakshak Monitor, 4(2) 6286:. Paf.gov.pk. Archived from 6119:Kapur, Anu (11 March 2010). 5830:Schofield, Victoria (2003). 5555:Indian Army in East Pakistan 5101:, former Yugoslav President 5095:Nikolai Viktorovich Podgorny 4640:Punjab 1971 (theatre honour) 4503:(earlier called Tiaqsi) and 4227:Prime Minister of Bangladesh 4187:(JS HQ) led by an appointed 3995:Bangladesh Nationalist Party 3890: 3839:were reportedly deployed to 3264:POW Investigation Commission 3201:, chief of the newly formed 3086:were reportedly deployed to 2846:, where they had to conduct 2221: 1972:, the chief of staff of the 1872:disestablished the status of 111:Second row (left to right): 7: 19760:Active separatist movements 18895:Weapons of mass destruction 18709:Nathu La and Cho La clashes 18699:Sino-Indian border skirmish 18234:Andaman and Nicobar Command 18229:Integrated Theatre Commands 18204:Defence Intelligence Agency 18107:Vice Chief of Defence Staff 17690:2013 Pakistan Embassy siege 17673:2001 Indo-Bangla skirmishes 17143: 16994:Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra 15576:Salahuddin Quader Chowdhury 15546:Ali Ahsan Mohammad Mojaheed 14583:. Oxford University Press. 14552:. Oxford University Press. 13522:. Oxford University Press. 12806:. Intelligence Publishers. 12614:Gerlach, Christian (2010). 11672:Siddique, Abubakar (2014). 10917:. BRILL. 22 November 2021. 10556:Singh, Swaran, ed. (2007). 10127:. Oxford University Press. 9445:"Damage Assesment [ 9192:. Frank Cass. p. 179. 8996:. Oxford University Press. 8897:National Defense University 8769:Journal of Military History 8727:Journal of Military History 8544:Bangladesh: A Country Study 7087:Chatterjee, Pranab (2010). 6257:. orbat.com. Archived from 6210:. Orbat.com. Archived from 6125:. SAGE Publications India. 5535:Protest of 1969 in Pakistan 5424: 5149: 5125:Akashbani (All India Radio) 4634:Sindh 1971 (theatre honour) 4523:witnessed the largest mass 4209:1971 East Pakistan genocide 4004: 3989:with Bangladesh during the 3982:National Defense University 3491:and his Secretary of State 3023:aircraft in Dacca, while a 2565:collapsed when the Lt-Gen. 2310: 2179:Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra 2130:repeatedly appealed to the 2059:1971 East Pakistan genocide 1923:To resolve the crisis, the 10: 20134: 20098:Research and Analysis Wing 20093:History of the Indian Army 20038:Indo-Pakistani war of 1971 19898:Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 18765:Indo-Myanmar border strike 18189:Defence Planning Committee 17831:Decorations and depictions 17812:Martyred Intellectuals Day 17746:National Martyrs' Memorial 17663:Bangladesh–India relations 17641:Hamoodur Rahman Commission 17117:Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 17004:The Concert for Bangladesh 16433:Bengali self-determination 16419:1958 Pakistani coup d'état 16348:Partition of Bengal (1947) 16293:Partition of Bengal (1905) 16088:Hamoodur Rahman Commission 15438:Captain Mohiuddin Jahangir 14879:Research and Analysis Wing 14822:Indo-Pakistani war of 1971 14619:Raghavan, Srinath (2013). 14568:International Organization 14535:Cilano, Cara, ed. (2010). 13819:www.gallantryawards.gov.in 13794:www.gallantryawards.gov.in 13769:www.gallantryawards.gov.in 13744:www.gallantryawards.gov.in 13403:"The Simla Agreement 1972" 13315:Rajrishi Singhal, qz com. 12575:Hossain, Mokerrom (2010). 12503:. Routledge. p. 111. 12225:; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). 12219:"Killing of Intellectuals" 11996:"Constitution of Pakistan" 11938:Mamoon, Muntassir (2000). 11629:Hamoodur Rahman Commission 10162:"Mr. Nixon and South Asia" 9849:"Of betrayal and bungling" 7385:Matinuddin, Kamal (1994). 7281:. Routledge. p. 103. 7155:Guha, Ramachandra (2011). 7093:. Peter Lang. p. 24. 6869:. Routledge. p. 111. 6372:. acig.com. Archived from 6310:"The Sinking of the Ghazi" 5896:Palit, Maj Gen DK (1998). 5581: 5447:Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 5253:, a 2002 film directed by 5117:Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala 5099:Alexei Nikolaevich Kosygin 4710: 4447: 4320: 4304:influential factor in the 4206: 3796:were allied with both the 3761: 3697:East Pakistan Awami League 3603:On 6 and 13 December, the 3517:People's Republic of China 3387:Civil government personnel 3260:Hamoodur Rahman Commission 3159: 2975:Indian attacks on Pakistan 2949:was destroyed and its CO, 2910: 2772:war pilots, misidentified 2598: 2435:Indo-Pakistani war of 1965 2160:Research and Analysis Wing 2093:East Pakistan–India border 2056: 2047:Mohammad Ataul Gani Osmani 1773: 1719:formation of East Pakistan 1703:Bengali nationalist forces 1663:Indo-Pakistani war of 1971 1079:Genocide of Bengali Hindus 920:Indo-Pakistani war of 1971 192:India–West Pakistan border 187:India–East Pakistan border 43:Indo-Pakistani war of 1971 29: 20108:Dissolutions of countries 20073:Wars involving Bangladesh 19975: 19944: 19928: 19875:Bangladesh Liberation War 19873: 19847: 19755: 19692: 19674: 19644: 19604: 19566: 19467: 19444: 19382: 19364: 19333: 19280: 19222: 19184: 19146: 19062: 19001: 18985: 18950: 18919: 18903: 18872: 18812: 18773: 18622: 18529: 18520: 18500:Border Roads Organisation 18464: 18452:Border Roads Organisation 18419: 18392:South Western Air Command 18367: 18339: 18291: 18219: 18212: 18194:Nuclear Command Authority 18174:National Security Council 18142: 18135: 18077:National Security Advisor 18049: 18002: 17898: 17860: 17830: 17817:Victory day of Bangladesh 17789: 17738: 17731: 17727: 17709: 17611: 17600: 17542: 17441: 17434: 17379: 17298: 17291: 17211: 17160: 17153: 17149: 17138: 17109: 17024: 16961: 16885: 16782: 16736: 16674: 16630:Special Guerrilla Forces 16563: 16556: 16552: 16522: 16473: 16432: 16399:Bengali language movement 16356: 16285: 16239: 16235: 16224: 16199: 16193:Bangladesh Liberation War 16109:Bangladesh Liberation War 16101: 16080: 16059: 16019:Mufazzal Haider Chaudhury 15979:Anudvaipayan Bhattacharya 15966: 15919: 15881: 15843: 15815: 15717: 15684: 15646: 15639: 15598: 15528: 15502: 15495: 15403: 15365: 15332: 15323: 15268: 15182: 15071: 15064: 15031:Pakistani peace proposals 15030: 14920: 14828: 14580:Betrayal of East Pakistan 13516:Wolpert, Stanley (1993). 13189:. Routledge. p. 78. 13111:. Routledge. p. 76. 12967:Bhatt, Arunkumar (2015). 12581:. Mokerrom. p. 133. 12542:. Yale University Press. 12292:Hindu American Foundation 12196:10.1080/00856409708723294 11595:. Lancer Publishers LLC. 11172:India and the Middle East 11115:. Lancer Publishers LLC. 10469:News Review on South Asia 10428:Wetering, Carina (2016). 10121:Hanhimäki, Jussi (2004). 9908:Cloughley, Brian (2016). 9727:Russia & India Report 9578:"Indo-Pakistani conflict" 8876:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 8553:Federal Research Division 8392:Davies, Peter E. (2014). 7352:Riedel, Bruce O. (2011). 6704:Debnath, Angela (2012) . 6671:. Routledge. p. 40. 6665:Alston, Margaret (2015). 6147:– via Google Books. 5598:List of conflicts in Asia 5432:Bangladesh Liberation War 5191:Bangladesh Liberation War 4963:6 Frontier Force Regiment 4923:4 Frontier Force Regiment 4905: 4902: 4899: 4896: 4729: 4726: 4723: 4720: 4596:Writing about the war in 4352:Supreme Court of Pakistan 4311: 3879:to provide India and the 3858: 3757: 3681:East Pakistani government 3607:dispatched two groups of 3126:Indo-East Pakistan border 2699:sank the Pakistan Navy's 2573:) and his deputy, V-Adm. 2136:External Affairs minister 1798:Bangladesh Liberation War 1780:Bangladesh Liberation War 1679:Bangladesh Liberation War 1677:that occurred during the 1576:Bangladesh Liberation War 1524: 1144: 1135:Bangladesh Liberation War 929: 714: 683: 340: 283: 266:as a gesture of goodwill. 164: 63: 58:Bangladesh Liberation War 47: 42: 32:Bangladesh Liberation War 20063:History of East Pakistan 19883:1971 Bangladesh genocide 19374:UN peacekeeping missions 19019:President's Colour Award 19009:President's fleet review 18268:Maritime Theatre Command 18246:Strategic Forces Command 18199:Integrated Defence Staff 18097:Chief of the Naval Staff 17239:Muhammad Hamidullah Khan 17198:Muhammad Hamidullah Khan 16908:Battle of Dhalai Outpost 16794:Pakistan Eastern Command 16486:Non-cooperation movement 16450:Agartala Conspiracy Case 16298:Eastern Bengal and Assam 15443:Lance Naik Noor Mohammad 15347:Fl. Off. N. J. S. Sekhon 14869:1971 Bangladesh genocide 14243:. Dhaka. 28 March 2012. 12536:Tripathi, Salil (2016). 12415:21 February 2016 at the 11969:. Bureau of Statistics. 11553:An Introduction to Islam 11109:Singh, Sukhwant (1981). 11089:An Atlas of the 1971 war 11031:Harvard University Press 10747:Raghavan, V. R. (2013). 10520:India and Her Neighbours 10434:. Springer. p. 69. 9140:Goldrick, James (1997). 9094:Goldrick, James (1997). 7727:"The four Indo-Pak wars" 7703:. Rotary International. 7615:21 December 2011 at the 7528:. In DeRouen, Karl Jr.; 6991:Changing World: Pakistan 6952:Pakistan: A Hard Country 6785:21 February 2016 at the 6755:21 December 2011 at the 5467:Conservatism in Pakistan 5377:Mukti: Birth of a Nation 5339:Bhuj: The Pride of India 5154: 4806:17th Horse (Poona Horse) 4703:and the Pakistani award 4398:published together with 4359:history of East Pakistan 4185:Joint Staff Headquarters 4022:breaking-up of the unity 3941: 3665: 3303:Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi 2865:Indian aircraft carrier 2781:attacked its own warship 2563:East-Pakistan government 2550:Pakistan Eastern Command 2536:allies. Contrary to the 2397:, and Pakistan Marines' 2002:On 26 March 1971, Major 1792:1971 Bangladesh genocide 1667:third India-Pakistan war 1516:Indo-Pakistani conflicts 1439:Killing of intellectuals 1434:Agartala Conspiracy Case 80:Pakistani Eastern Comnd. 20078:Wars involving Pakistan 20068:Anti-Pakistan sentiment 19770:Independence referendum 19310:Dhofar Rebellion (Oman) 18092:Chief of the Army Staff 17739:Monuments and memorials 17658:Bangladeshi nationalism 17392:Dr. Abdul Motaleb Malik 17039:Shankharibazar massacre 16822:Eastern Command (India) 16713:Central Peace Committee 16303:All-India Muslim League 15556:Fazlul Quader Chowdhury 15390:J/Swr. Muhammad Hussain 15380:Plt. Off. Rashid Minhas 14686:81.5 (2005): 1097–1118. 13716:. Government of India. 13656:Singh, Sarbans (1993). 13609:18 January 2009 at the 13169:12 October 2014 at the 11381:A History of Bangladesh 11200:Kemp, Geoffrey (2012). 10722:"The Recognition Story" 10092:Alvandi, Roham (2016). 9685:Bowman, Martin (2016). 9549:World Air Power Journal 9219:. Seaforth Publishing. 8245:; Rose, Leo E. (1990). 8217:; Rose, Leo E. (1990). 8068:; Rose, Leo E. (1990). 7756:Praval, K. C. (2009) . 7524:Shafqat, Sahar (2007). 7238:Ghazali, Abdus Sattar. 7130:Nohlen, Dieter (2004). 7032:Business Standard India 6949:Lieven, Anatol (2012). 6804:4 February 2012 at the 6056:"Indian-Pakistani Wars" 6054:Boewe, Charles (2006). 5791:Chitkara, M. G (1996). 5652:Kemp, Geoffrey (2010). 5383:and Lieutenant General 5262:1971 – Prisoners of War 5114:Nepalese Prime Minister 5103:Marshal Josip Broz Tito 5051:President of Bangladesh 4761:Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon 4290:crimes against humanity 4223:President of Bangladesh 4020:, the war ended in the 3734:when it applied to the 3507:, Pakistan was a close 3501:influence in South Asia 3462:signed in August 1971. 2697:Osa-class missile boats 2555:The Indian campaign's " 2487:Lt Gen Khem Karan Singh 2439:Maj Gen Iftikhar Janjua 2152:Chief of the Army Staff 2132:international community 2067:Anti-Pakistan sentiment 1974:East-Pakistani military 1715:instrument of surrender 1581:1959 Canberra shootdown 1149:Mukti Bahini resistance 1074:Instrument of Surrender 19581:Bosnia and Herzegovina 18885:Ordnance Factory Board 18804:Dadra and Nagar Haveli 18512:Awards and Decorations 18359:Southern Naval Command 18102:Chief of the Air Staff 18082:Chief of Defence Staff 17848:Awards and decorations 17269:Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad 16877:Operation Cactus-Lilly 16872:Operation Chengiz Khan 16374:Pakistan Muslim League 16129:Persecution of Biharis 16119:Concert for Bangladesh 16009:Jyotirmoy Guhathakurta 15551:Delwar Hossain Sayeedi 15413:Flt. Lt. Matiur Rahman 15352:2nd Lt. Arun Khetarpal 15056:War Enquiry Commission 14716:US Department of State 14668:. Manas Publications. 14516:Bass, Gary J. (2013). 13953:"Major Muhammad Akram" 13625:"Pakistan Builds Anew" 13183:D'Costa, Bina (2011). 13158:16 August 2016 at the 13105:D'Costa, Bina (2011). 12832:The Army and Democracy 12427:, Chapter 8, table 8.1 11708:Abdus Sattar Ghazali. 11239:Gill, John H. (2003). 11054:Gill, John H. (2003). 10517:Jayapalan, N. (2000). 9756:. NDTV. Archived from 7921:The New Indian Express 7882:Gill, John H. (2003). 7790:Bass, Gary J. (2013). 7327:Salik, Siddiq (1977). 7246:. National Book Club. 6988:Abbott, David (2015). 5944:. Simon and Schuster. 5688:Byman, Daniel (2005). 5211:Operation Cactus Lilly 5167:The Magnificent Eleven 5091:Leonid IIyich Brezhnev 5040:Ordnance Factory Board 4559:Long-term consequences 4346:, and composed of the 4333:War Enquiry Commission 4323:War Enquiry Commission 4101: 4082: 3997:assumed power. A 2014 3978: 3717:Line of Actual Control 3632:USSR General Secretary 3543:United States Congress 3455:Independent Bangladesh 3434: 3152: 3133: 3124:tanks penetrating the 3110: 2984: 2964:on the eastern front. 2926: 2876: 2809:was deployed, and its 2766:Pakistan International 2656: 2629: 2522: 2455:Major K. S. Chandapuri 2334:Operation Chengiz Khan 2256:government of Pakistan 1918:Pakistan Peoples Party 1695:Operation Chengiz Khan 1687:Pakistani capitulation 1449:Provisional Government 341:Commanders and leaders 20118:Attacks in Bangladesh 20103:Military intervention 19910:Admiral Ahsan Mission 19288:Arab–Israeli conflict 19140:Pakistan Armed Forces 19049:National War Memorial 19044:Indian military bands 19034:Armed Forces Tribunal 19029:Armed Forces Flag Day 18354:Eastern Naval Command 18349:Western Naval Command 18331:Army Training Command 18321:South Western Command 17868:2013 Shahbag protests 17838:Muktijuddho e-Archive 17766:Liberation War Museum 17489:Minoo Merwan Engineer 17474:Gopal Gurunath Bewoor 17219:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman 16799:Operation Searchlight 16684:Pakistan Armed Forces 16501:Operation Searchlight 16496:Admiral Ahsan Mission 16379:Objectives Resolution 16328:Muslim National Guard 16134:Persecution of Hindus 16124:Operation Searchlight 16072:2013 Shahbag protests 15586:Chowdhury Mueen-Uddin 15571:Muhammad Kamaruzzaman 15418:Sepahi Hamidur Rahman 15395:L/Nk. Muhammad Mahfuz 15291:A. H. M. Qamaruzzaman 15276:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman 15129:Minoo Merwan Engineer 15114:Gopal Gurunath Bewoor 14684:International Affairs 14604:. Compton Press Ltd. 14520:. New York: Vintage. 14241:The Financial Express 14147:"Padma Shri Awardees" 13702:on 29 September 2011. 13570:. The Penguin Press. 12713:Gill, John H (1994). 12034:. Lancer Publishers. 11336:Lewis, David (2011). 11286:10.1353/jmh.2005.0101 10037:. Lancer Publishers. 10031:Cheema, Amar (2014). 9947:Burke, S. M. (1974). 9030:Sengupta, Ramananda. 8700:Indian Defence Review 8602:. Lancer Publishers. 7668:"Indo-Pakistani Wars" 7205:. Algora Publishing. 6828:New Political Science 5763:Nawaz, Shuja (2008). 5588:History of Bangladesh 5521:Operation Searchlight 5472:Socialism in Pakistan 5462:Pakistani nationalism 5205:war film directed by 5173:war film directed by 5087:Jigme Dorji Wangchuck 4460:Indo-Pakistani summit 4225:, later becoming the 4090: 4077: 3980:Colonel John Gill of 3973: 3965:surprise nuclear test 3902:India-Pakistan border 3770:Sirimavo Bandaranaike 3441:sympathised with the 3429: 3178:in Dacca at 16:31Hrs 3139: 3116: 3104: 3075:from an unidentified 3007:The PAF deployed its 2982: 2920: 2864: 2852:expeditionary warfare 2790:, under Vice Admiral 2788:Eastern Naval Command 2681:, under Vice admiral 2679:Western Naval Command 2635: 2616:sank off the fairway 2608: 2520: 2505:under the command of 2196:Border Security Force 2174:psychological warfare 2063:Terrorism in Pakistan 1993:Operation Searchlight 1948:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman 1925:Admiral Ahsan Mission 1887:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman 1816:in 1947; the popular 1776:Admiral Ahsan Mission 1721:as the new nation of 1207:Dhalai Border Outpost 1192:Nakshi Border Outpost 735:9,851–12,000 injured 715:Casualties and losses 703:Pakistan Armed Forces 470:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman 20083:Wars involving India 19967:Indian reunification 19957:Bengalis in Pakistan 19325:Grand Mosque seizure 18552:Battle of Asal Uttar 18432:National Cadet Corps 18387:Southern Air Command 18278:Defence Space Agency 18273:Defence Cyber Agency 17479:Sourendra Nath Kohli 17412:Motiur Rahman Nizami 17279:Abu Sayeed Chowdhury 17064:Jathibhanga massacre 16918:Battle of Ajmiriganj 16862:Sinking of PNS Ghazi 16771:(Indo-Bangali group) 16610:Bangladesh Air Force 16364:Dominion of Pakistan 16004:Jogesh Chandra Ghosh 15566:Motiur Rahman Nizami 15423:Sepahi Mostafa Kamal 15119:Sourendra Nath Kohli 14718:'s Official archive. 14662:Saigal, J R (2000). 14416:"That spy princess!" 13564:Coll, Steve (2005). 13379:. 22 December 2011. 12803:Pākistān kaise ṭūṭā? 12735:. 18 December 2013. 12444:. 19 December 2016. 12408:Rummel, Rudolph J., 11899:Khan, M. H. (2016). 11488:. 15 December 2011. 11154:International Living 11033:. pp. 182–183. 10957:. 20 December 2002. 10372:. 11 December 2009. 10243:. 26 December 2006. 10223:9 April 2022 at the 10073:(July–August 2014). 9824:. 15 December 1971. 9395:. 31 December 2004. 9263:on 26 September 2009 8551:. Washington, D.C.: 8488:. 13 December 1971. 8440:. 20 December 1971. 8337:. 30 November 1971. 7859:. 14 December 2006. 7583:. 20 December 1971. 7490:O General My General 7329:Witness To Surrender 7034:. 16 December 2018. 6778:Rummel, Rudolph J., 6605:. 28 February 2008. 6505:Burke, S. M (1974). 6447:. 27 December 1971. 6376:on 10 September 2012 6196:on 23 February 2012. 6100:. 16 December 2018. 5869:Warikoo, K. (2009). 5624:. ABC-CLIO. p. 5616:Lyon, Peter (2008). 5311:1971: Beyond Borders 5271:prisoner-of-war camp 4699:, Bangladeshi award 4458:On 2 July 1972, the 4379:Supplementary Report 4342:, who was an ethnic 4234:East Pakistan Police 4050:President Yahya Khan 4028:in the world to its 3814:King of Saudi Arabia 3774:Bandaranaike Airport 3750:the independence of 3453:of East Pakistan as 3364:East Pakistan Rifles 3272:Inter-service branch 3011:mainly on defensive 2885:Pakistan Coast Guard 2527:Bengali rebel allies 2340:in the Arab–Israeli 2077:media correspondents 2023:East Pakistan Rifles 1881:The East Pakistan's 1866:announced the first 1854:, the controversial 1806:creation of Pakistan 1665:, also known as the 705:: 350,000 – 365,000 693:: 825,000 – 860,000 236:Unilateral ceasefire 155:Eastern Comnd.) and 123:Eastern Naval Comnd. 20043:Indo-Pakistani wars 19717:Indian subcontinent 19631:Denmark (Greenland) 19366:Foreign deployments 18963:Historical Aircraft 18858:LOC surgical strike 18600:Battle of Longewala 18537:Indo-Pakistani wars 18505:Paramilitary forces 18476:Ranks and insignia 18437:Paramilitary forces 18407:Maintenance Command 18397:Western Air Command 18382:Eastern Air Command 18377:Central Air Command 18152:Ministry of Defence 18145:Committees/Councils 18067:Minister of Defence 17996:Indian Armed Forces 17843:Artistic depictions 17822:Vijay Diwas (India) 17668:Indira-Mujib Treaty 17560:Gopal Swarup Pathak 17519:Inderjit Singh Gill 17464:Jagjit Singh Aurora 17387:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto 17264:Muhammad Mansur Ali 17259:Chitta Ranjan Dutta 17249:Dhirendranath Datta 17079:Madhyapara massacre 16974:Bangladesh genocide 16933:Battle of Longewala 16749:Indian Armed Forces 16744:Parliament of India 16262:Bengali nationalism 16247:Bengali Renaissance 15994:Govinda Chandra Dev 15989:Dhirendranath Datta 15686:Chittagong Division 15581:Ashrafuz Zaman Khan 15489:Bangladesh genocide 15385:Maj. Shabbir Sharif 15375:Maj. Muhammad Akram 15286:Muhammad Mansur Ali 15200:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto 15159:Inderjit Singh Gill 15104:Jagjit Singh Aurora 15046:Ahsan–Yaqub Mission 14956:Battle of Longewala 14846:Indo-Pakistani wars 14841:History of Pakistan 14752: – Pakistan's 14598:Palit, D K (1972). 14570:66.1 (2012): 63–93. 14151:Government of India 14009:The Express Tribune 12829:Shah, Aqil (2014). 12733:The Express Tribune 12717:. NESA. p. 66. 12386:. 1 December 2015. 12229:(Second ed.). 11486:The Express Tribune 10989:. Alfred A. Knopf. 10366:"Birth of a nation" 10071:Saunders, Harold H. 9495:on 25 February 2002 9377:on 7 November 2012. 9294:on 24 December 2016 9044:on 24 December 2016 8926:. 22 December 2011. 8518:. 3 December 1971. 8099:The Express Tribune 6320:on 28 November 2011 6290:on 15 December 2011 5799:. APH. p. 81. 5278:Midnight's Children 5239:Battle of Longewala 5175:Chashi Nazrul Islam 4880:Nur Mohammad Sheikh 4862:Mohammad Ruhul Amin 4767:No. 18 Squadron IAF 4682:Shingo River Valley 4525:population transfer 4513:Versailles Syndrome 4479:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto 4296:, murder, rape and 4250:systematic killings 4183:was centralized in 4110:Lieutenant-General 4054:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto 3999:Pew Research Center 3896:Territorial changes 3885:P. V. Narasimha Rao 3847:ally also supplied 3687:Lieutenant-General 3679:rebels against the 3558:UN Security Council 3398:Abdul Motaleb Malik 3278:Officer commanding 3150:Battle of Longewala 2848:riverine operations 2626:Indian subcontinent 2542:Jagjit Singh Aurora 2534:Bengali nationalist 2468:Battle of Longewala 2081:widespread genocide 2011:government-in-exile 1936:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto 1929:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto 1808:as a result of the 1699:Indian air stations 1370:Bangladesh genocide 1256:Indian intervention 691:Indian Armed Forces 672:Abdul Motaleb Malik 95:Jagjit Singh Aurora 90:in the presence of 19732:Republic of Venice 19702:All-Russian Empire 19351:Somalian civil war 19346:Sudanese civil war 19186:India and Pakistan 18968:Aircraft Squadrons 18890:Ballistic missiles 18557:Battle of Chawinda 18472:Military Academies 18427:Indian Coast Guard 18251:Commander-in-Chief 18239:Commander-in-Chief 17941:Military personnel 17926:Causes and prelude 17781:Shabash Bangladesh 17756:Swadhinata Stambha 17484:Nilakanta Krishnan 17402:Shah Azizur Rahman 17084:Bakhrabad massacre 17074:Chuknagar massacre 16938:Battle of Basantar 16923:Battle of Garibpur 16903:Battle of Goalhati 16827:Meghna Heli Bridge 16474:Declaration of war 16460:1970 Bhola cyclone 16445:Six point movement 16343:Partition of India 16044:Shahidullah Kaiser 16029:Ranada Prasad Saha 15873:Jogisho and Palsha 15694:Comilla Cantonment 15536:Abdul Quader Molla 15357:Maj. Hoshiar Singh 15124:Nilakanta Krishnan 14976:Battle of Basantar 14966:Meghna Heli Bridge 14938:Battle of Garibpur 14892:Indo-Soviet Treaty 14836:Partition of India 14786:. 2 February 2004. 14490:. 18 August 2017. 14458:The Indian Express 14390:The Times of India 14365:The Times of India 14335:The Times of India 14304:The Times of India 14181:The Times of India 14121:The Times of India 14063:on 30 January 2018 13941:on 12 August 2014. 13714:"Param Vir Chakra" 13349:. 10 August 2017. 12944:. 30 August 2000. 12442:The Indian Express 12268:on 1 December 2010 12153:The New York Times 11458:. 15 August 2010. 10955:The Times of India 10370:The Indian Express 10316:on 10 January 2016 10166:The New York Times 9883:The Times of India 9853:The Indian Express 9821:The Times of India 9760:on 25 January 2018 9639:defencejournal.com 8906:2008-10-29 at the 8466:, 20 December 1971 8130:The Indian Express 7958:The Times of India 7737:on 17 October 2009 7678:on 1 November 2009 7645:on 4 November 2007 6483:on 6 December 2010 6264:on 13 January 2014 6098:The Times of India 5795:Benazir, a Profile 5593:History of Myanmar 5352:Battle of Garibpur 5331:Romeo Akbar Walter 5245:(Western Theatre). 5198:Hindustan Ki Kasam 5141:Kolkata University 5077:Nepalese President 5049:On 28 March 2012, 4943:No. 2 Squadron PAF 4828:Mohiuddin Jahangir 4617:After the war, 41 4529:Partition of India 4470:, India where the 4419:Pakistan Air Force 4335:, to be headed by 4219:Headquarter Prison 4151:, the large-scale 4042:Muslim nationalism 3986:their relationship 3877:Shlomo Zabludowicz 3804:, it was easy for 3744:POWs and civilians 3435: 3345:Pakistan Air Force 3300:Lieutenant-General 3153: 3134: 3111: 2985: 2927: 2877: 2858:of East Pakistan. 2792:Nilakanta Krishnan 2779:and the air force 2657: 2630: 2523: 2492:Battle of Basantar 2322:Pakistan Air Force 2295:state of emergency 1967:Lieutenant-General 1963:military crackdown 1837:central government 1810:partition of India 1347:Meghna Heli Bridge 733:2,500–3,843 killed 438:Nilakanta Krishnan 172:3–16 December 1971 137:Eastern Air Comnd. 105:). Surojit Sen of 20058:Conflicts in 1971 19991: 19990: 19793: 19792: 19664:Western Australia 19403: 19402: 19242:Panjshir Uprising 19097: 19096: 18981: 18980: 18868: 18867: 18685:Balakot airstrike 18460: 18459: 18415: 18414: 18072:Defence Secretary 17957: 17956: 17953: 17952: 17949: 17948: 17856: 17855: 17705: 17704: 17596: 17595: 17592: 17591: 17588: 17587: 17580:Dilip Mahalanabis 17430: 17429: 17287: 17286: 17244:Serajul Alam Khan 17224:Syed Nazrul Islam 17134: 17133: 17130: 17129: 17110:Related conflicts 17094:Sohagpur massacre 17049:Sutrapur massacre 17026:List of massacres 16989:Refugees in India 16943:Battle of Kushtia 16847:Operation Trident 16832:Operation Jackpot 16804:Operation Barisal 16778: 16777: 16625:Bangladesh Police 16615:Bangladesh Rifles 16518: 16517: 16514: 16513: 16333:Direct Action Day 16318:Lahore Resolution 16313:Pakistan Movement 16286:Pakistan Movement 16257:Two-nation theory 16152: 16151: 15962: 15961: 15845:Rajshahi Division 15807:Terosree massacre 15594: 15593: 15455: 15454: 15451: 15450: 15342:L/Nk. Albert Ekka 15319: 15318: 15260:Patrick Callaghan 14654:978-984-8866-18-4 14635:978-0-674-72864-6 14611:978-0-900193-10-1 14590:978-0-19-579275-1 14559:978-0-19-517221-8 14460:. 20 March 2019. 14307:. 30 March 2011. 14213:. 28 March 2012. 14011:. 6 December 2022 13959:on 24 August 2010 13935:"Nishan-e-Haider" 13841:"National Awards" 13669:978-81-7094-115-6 13577:978-1-59420-007-6 13446:978-0-87003-214-1 13407:Story of Pakistan 13256:"Simla Agreement" 13196:978-0-415-56566-0 13118:978-0-415-56566-0 12873:Story of Pakistan 12660:. 25 March 2010. 12627:978-1-139-49351-2 12588:978-0-615-48695-6 12549:978-0-300-21818-3 12510:978-1-136-70125-2 12474:. 26 March 2010. 12425:978-3-8258-4010-5 12353:978-1-59884-926-4 12326:978-1-84904-049-5 12122:978-0-7735-2087-5 12000:Story of Pakistan 11912:978-1-86151-569-8 11873:978-0-87003-214-1 11836:978-1-56858-632-8 11797:. 30 March 2002. 11795:Los Angeles Times 11776:978-0-19-579778-7 11685:978-1-84904-292-5 11658:978-0-87003-214-1 11391:978-1-316-26497-3 11349:978-1-139-50257-3 11122:978-1-935501-60-2 11023:Raghavan, Srinath 10996:978-0-307-70020-9 10924:978-90-04-47803-9 10400:nsarchive.gwu.edu 10279:978-1-317-32475-1 10134:978-0-19-517221-8 10107:978-0-19-061068-5 10044:978-81-7062-301-4 10002:978-1-349-04163-3 9859:on 23 August 2009 9693:. Pen and Sword. 9614:on 30 August 2011 9531:978-0-14-022401-6 9350:978-1-59797-680-0 9320:on 1 January 2012 9107:978-1-897829-02-8 9003:978-0-19-820097-0 8791:peacemaker.un.org 8702:. 9 December 2020 8405:978-1-78096-314-3 8370:on 23 August 2009 8335:Pakistan Observer 7801:978-0-307-70020-9 7769:978-1-935501-61-9 7543:978-1-85109-919-1 7526:"Pakistan (1971)" 7499:978-984-8866-18-4 7474:978-0-19-579778-7 7437:978-0-88386-302-2 7398:978-969-8031-19-0 7371:978-0-8157-0557-4 7338:978-984-05-1373-4 7288:978-0-415-56566-0 7212:978-0-87586-634-5 7161:. Pan Macmillan. 7141:978-0-19-924958-9 7100:978-1-4331-0820-4 7062:Story of Pakistan 6955:. PublicAffairs. 6930:978-0-230-36399-1 6905:978-1-4128-4759-9 6876:978-0-415-93111-3 6840:10.1080/713687893 6723:978-1-4128-4759-9 6651:978-0-87003-214-1 6069:978-0-415-97663-3 5951:978-1-63144-039-7 5909:978-1-897829-37-0 5882:978-1-134-03294-5 5774:978-0-19-547697-2 5707:978-0-521-83973-0 5671:978-0-8157-0388-4 5635:978-1-57607-712-2 5481:Bangladesh Forces 5396:Miniseries/Dramas 5177:, featuring real 5143:Shahayak Samiti. 5107:UK Prime Minister 5010: 5009: 4868:Flight Lieutenant 4837:Munshi Abdur Rouf 4813: 4812: 4795:Second Lieutenant 4415:the Pakistan Army 4373:" to prevent the 4367:national politics 4236:they controlled, 4038:two-nation theory 4030:politico-economic 3621:nuclear submarine 3554:George H. W. Bush 3527:intended to visit 3472:Soviet ambassador 3414: 3413: 3176:Ramna Race Course 3040:Brigadier-General 3038:'s liaison chief 3013:combat air patrol 2921:Indian Air Force 2828:off the coast of 2582:armoured vehicles 2479:Shakargarh sector 2399:Punjab detachment 2362:Ground operations 2228:Gen Sam Manekshaw 2216:Akashvani Kolkata 2204:Kazi Nazrul Islam 2128:Indian government 2089:Indian government 1997:Operation Barisal 1907:National Assembly 1903:absolute majority 1868:general elections 1835:to take over the 1818:language movement 1711:Pakistan military 1658: 1657: 1592:Border skirmishes 1480: 1479: 1474: 1467: 1454:Refugees in India 1428:Systematic events 1098: 1097: 1093: 1092: 884: 883: 871:Pakistani claims 780:Pakistani claims 279: 278: 271:Jammu and Kashmir 16:(Redirected from 20125: 20020: 20019: 20018: 20008: 20007: 20006: 19999: 19982: 19981: 19903:Prisoners of war 19848:Diplomatic posts 19842: 19841: 19832: 19831: 19820: 19813: 19806: 19797: 19796: 19430: 19423: 19416: 19407: 19406: 19209:Siachen conflict 19134: 19124: 19117: 19110: 19101: 19100: 19070: 19069: 19054:Amar Jawan Jyoti 18932:Historical Ships 18901: 18900: 18642:Siachen conflict 18632:Kashmir conflict 18527: 18526: 18447:Territorial Army 18420:Other components 18402:Training Command 18316:Southern Command 18311:Northern Command 18217: 18216: 18140: 18139: 18127:Serving marshals 18122:Serving admirals 18117:Serving generals 18041:Indian Air Force 18039: 18037: 18036: 18026: 18024: 18023: 18013: 18011: 18010: 17994: 17984: 17977: 17970: 17961: 17960: 17776:Aparajeyo Bangla 17736: 17735: 17729: 17728: 17711: 17710: 17602: 17601: 17509:Khem Karan Singh 17494:Hari Chand Dewan 17439: 17438: 17331:Mohammad Shariff 17296: 17295: 17234:AHM Qamaruzzaman 17178:Khaled Mosharraf 17158: 17157: 17151: 17150: 17140: 17139: 17089:Burunga massacre 17054:Jinjira massacre 16953:Battle of Atgram 16913:Battle of Dhalai 16893:Battle of Daruin 16842:Operation Python 16620:Bangladesh Ansar 16561: 16560: 16554: 16553: 16524: 16523: 16491:Rodionov message 16237: 16236: 16226: 16225: 16208: 16191: 16190: 16179: 16172: 16165: 16156: 16155: 16024:Munier Choudhury 15883:Rangpur Division 15742:Dhaka University 15666:Gabha Narerkathi 15648:Barisal Division 15644: 15643: 15500: 15499: 15482: 15475: 15468: 15459: 15458: 15334:Param Vir Chakra 15330: 15329: 15306:Khaled Mosharraf 15205:Abdul Hamid Khan 15149:Khem Karan Singh 15134:Hari Chand Dewan 15069: 15068: 15051:Rodionov message 15002:Naval Operations 14933:Battle of Atgram 14928:Battle of Dhalai 14851:War of 1947–1948 14815: 14808: 14801: 14792: 14791: 14787: 14679: 14658: 14639: 14627: 14615: 14594: 14563: 14542: 14531: 14504: 14503: 14501: 14499: 14480: 14474: 14473: 14471: 14469: 14450: 14444: 14443: 14441: 14439: 14412: 14406: 14405: 14403: 14401: 14382: 14376: 14375: 14373: 14371: 14357: 14351: 14350: 14348: 14346: 14327: 14321: 14320: 14318: 14316: 14295: 14284: 14283: 14263: 14257: 14256: 14254: 14252: 14233: 14227: 14226: 14224: 14222: 14203: 14197: 14196: 14194: 14192: 14173: 14167: 14166: 14164: 14162: 14153:. Archived from 14143: 14137: 14136: 14134: 14132: 14113: 14107: 14106: 14104: 14102: 14085:(25 July 2011). 14079: 14073: 14072: 14070: 14068: 14053: 14047: 14046: 14044: 14042: 14037:on 9 August 2019 14027: 14021: 14020: 14018: 14016: 14001: 13995: 13994: 13992: 13990: 13985:on 14 March 2010 13975: 13969: 13968: 13966: 13964: 13949: 13943: 13942: 13937:. Archived from 13931: 13925: 13924: 13922: 13920: 13905: 13899: 13898: 13892: 13890: 13870: 13864: 13863: 13858: 13856: 13836: 13830: 13829: 13827: 13825: 13811: 13805: 13804: 13802: 13800: 13786: 13780: 13779: 13777: 13775: 13761: 13755: 13754: 13752: 13750: 13736: 13730: 13729: 13727: 13725: 13710: 13704: 13703: 13692: 13686: 13685: 13683: 13681: 13653: 13647: 13646: 13644: 13642: 13620: 13614: 13601: 13595: 13593: 13591: 13589: 13561: 13555: 13540: 13534: 13533: 13513: 13507: 13506: 13504: 13502: 13483: 13477: 13476: 13474: 13472: 13457: 13451: 13450: 13433:Haqqani, Hussain 13429: 13423: 13422: 13420: 13418: 13409:. Archived from 13399: 13393: 13392: 13390: 13388: 13369: 13363: 13362: 13360: 13358: 13343: 13337: 13336: 13334: 13332: 13312: 13306: 13305: 13303: 13301: 13282: 13276: 13275: 13273: 13271: 13252: 13246: 13245: 13243: 13241: 13222: 13213: 13212: 13210: 13208: 13180: 13174: 13150: 13144: 13141: 13135: 13134: 13132: 13130: 13102: 13093: 13092: 13090: 13088: 13068: 13059: 13058: 13056: 13054: 13034: 13028: 13027: 13025: 13023: 13003: 12997: 12996: 12994: 12992: 12964: 12958: 12957: 12955: 12953: 12934: 12925: 12924: 12922: 12920: 12900: 12889: 12888: 12886: 12884: 12865: 12859: 12858: 12856: 12854: 12826: 12820: 12819: 12817: 12815: 12797: 12791: 12790: 12788: 12786: 12780: 12769: 12760: 12749: 12748: 12746: 12744: 12725: 12719: 12718: 12710: 12704: 12703: 12701: 12699: 12694:on 29 March 2010 12688:Voice of America 12680: 12674: 12673: 12671: 12669: 12650: 12644: 12643: 12641: 12639: 12611: 12605: 12604: 12602: 12600: 12572: 12566: 12565: 12563: 12561: 12533: 12527: 12526: 12524: 12522: 12494: 12488: 12487: 12485: 12483: 12464: 12458: 12457: 12455: 12453: 12434: 12428: 12406: 12400: 12399: 12397: 12395: 12376: 12370: 12369: 12367: 12365: 12337: 12331: 12330: 12309: 12303: 12302: 12300: 12298: 12284: 12278: 12277: 12275: 12273: 12253: 12247: 12246: 12244: 12242: 12214: 12208: 12207: 12179: 12173: 12172: 12166: 12164: 12145: 12139: 12138: 12136: 12134: 12103: 12097: 12096: 12094: 12092: 12064: 12058: 12057: 12055: 12053: 12025: 12016: 12015: 12013: 12011: 11992: 11986: 11985: 11983: 11981: 11975: 11968: 11960: 11954: 11953: 11935: 11929: 11928: 11926: 11924: 11896: 11890: 11889: 11887: 11885: 11858:Haqqani, Hussain 11854: 11848: 11847: 11845: 11843: 11817: 11811: 11810: 11808: 11806: 11787: 11781: 11780: 11762: 11756: 11755: 11753: 11751: 11746:on 12 March 2009 11742:. Archived from 11732: 11726: 11725: 11723: 11721: 11705: 11699: 11696: 11690: 11689: 11669: 11663: 11662: 11645:Haqqani, Hussain 11641: 11632: 11625: 11619: 11618: 11616: 11614: 11586: 11580: 11579: 11577: 11575: 11547: 11541: 11540: 11538: 11536: 11508: 11502: 11501: 11499: 11497: 11478: 11472: 11471: 11469: 11467: 11448: 11442: 11441: 11439: 11437: 11428:. 14 July 2014. 11418: 11412: 11411: 11405: 11403: 11375: 11369: 11368: 11363: 11361: 11333: 11327: 11326: 11315: 11309: 11308: 11307: 11305: 11265: 11259: 11258: 11256: 11254: 11236: 11230: 11229: 11227: 11225: 11197: 11188: 11187: 11175: 11165: 11159: 11158: 11149: 11143: 11142: 11136: 11134: 11106: 11097: 11096: 11084: 11078: 11077: 11071: 11069: 11051: 11045: 11044: 11019: 11013: 11012: 11010: 11008: 10977: 10971: 10970: 10968: 10966: 10947: 10941: 10940: 10938: 10936: 10909: 10903: 10902: 10900: 10898: 10889:. 11 June 2011. 10879: 10873: 10872: 10870: 10868: 10849: 10843: 10842: 10840: 10838: 10819: 10813: 10812: 10810: 10808: 10802: 10791: 10783: 10777: 10776: 10774: 10772: 10744: 10738: 10737: 10735: 10733: 10718: 10712: 10711: 10709: 10707: 10679: 10673: 10672: 10670: 10668: 10653: 10647: 10646: 10644: 10642: 10627: 10618: 10617: 10615: 10613: 10585: 10572: 10571: 10553: 10547: 10546: 10544: 10542: 10514: 10508: 10507: 10479: 10473: 10472: 10464: 10458: 10457: 10455: 10453: 10425: 10416: 10415: 10413: 10411: 10392: 10386: 10385: 10383: 10381: 10362: 10356: 10355: 10353: 10351: 10342:. Archived from 10336:"Cold war games" 10332: 10326: 10325: 10323: 10321: 10302: 10296: 10295: 10293: 10291: 10263: 10257: 10256: 10254: 10252: 10233: 10227: 10217: 10212: 10210: 10201:. Archived from 10191: 10185: 10184: 10179: 10177: 10157: 10151: 10150: 10148: 10146: 10118: 10112: 10111: 10099: 10089: 10083: 10082: 10067: 10061: 10060: 10058: 10056: 10028: 10019: 10018: 10016: 10014: 9983: 9977: 9976: 9974: 9972: 9944: 9938: 9937: 9935: 9933: 9905: 9899: 9898: 9896: 9894: 9875: 9869: 9868: 9866: 9864: 9855:. Archived from 9844: 9838: 9837: 9835: 9833: 9812: 9803: 9802: 9800: 9798: 9776: 9770: 9769: 9767: 9765: 9749: 9743: 9742: 9740: 9738: 9718: 9712: 9711: 9709: 9707: 9692: 9682: 9655: 9654: 9652: 9650: 9630: 9624: 9623: 9621: 9619: 9604: 9598: 9597: 9595: 9593: 9574: 9568: 9558: 9552: 9545: 9539: 9538: 9514: 9505: 9504: 9502: 9500: 9491:. Archived from 9481: 9475: 9474: 9472: 9470: 9464: 9458:. Archived from 9453: 9441: 9435: 9434: 9432: 9430: 9415: 9409: 9408: 9406: 9404: 9385: 9379: 9378: 9361: 9355: 9354: 9341:Global Air Power 9336: 9330: 9329: 9327: 9325: 9310: 9304: 9303: 9301: 9299: 9279: 9273: 9272: 9270: 9268: 9259:. Archived from 9249: 9243: 9242: 9240: 9238: 9210: 9204: 9203: 9182: 9176: 9175: 9173: 9171: 9165: 9148: 9137: 9124: 9123: 9121: 9119: 9091: 9085: 9084: 9082: 9080: 9060: 9054: 9053: 9051: 9049: 9040:. Archived from 9027: 9021: 9019: 9017: 9015: 8987: 8978: 8977: 8975: 8973: 8954:. Pustak Mahal. 8945: 8928: 8927: 8916: 8910: 8894: 8888: 8887: 8867: 8861: 8860: 8858: 8856: 8842: 8836: 8833: 8827: 8826: 8824: 8822: 8816:tribuneindia.com 8808: 8802: 8801: 8799: 8797: 8783: 8777: 8776: 8760: 8754: 8753: 8741: 8735: 8734: 8718: 8712: 8711: 8709: 8707: 8692: 8686: 8685: 8683: 8681: 8666: 8660: 8659: 8657: 8655: 8627: 8621: 8620: 8618: 8616: 8593: 8587: 8581: 8580: 8576: 8574: 8572: 8538: 8532: 8531: 8529: 8527: 8508: 8502: 8501: 8499: 8497: 8483: 8476: 8467: 8460: 8454: 8453: 8451: 8449: 8435: 8428: 8417: 8416: 8414: 8412: 8389: 8380: 8379: 8377: 8375: 8366:. Archived from 8360: 8354: 8353: 8351: 8349: 8343: 8332: 8324: 8318: 8317: 8315: 8313: 8298: 8292: 8291: 8289: 8287: 8270: 8261: 8260: 8239: 8233: 8232: 8211: 8205: 8204: 8202: 8200: 8185: 8179: 8178: 8176: 8174: 8155: 8146: 8145: 8143: 8141: 8121: 8115: 8114: 8112: 8110: 8090: 8084: 8083: 8062: 8056: 8049: 8043: 8042: 8040: 8038: 8019: 8006: 8005: 8003: 8001: 7981: 7975: 7974: 7972: 7970: 7948: 7942: 7941: 7939: 7937: 7912: 7906: 7905: 7899: 7897: 7879: 7873: 7872: 7870: 7868: 7849: 7843: 7842: 7815: 7806: 7805: 7787: 7781: 7780: 7778: 7776: 7753: 7747: 7746: 7744: 7742: 7733:. Archived from 7723: 7717: 7716: 7714: 7712: 7694: 7688: 7687: 7685: 7683: 7674:. Archived from 7664: 7655: 7654: 7652: 7650: 7644: 7629: 7620: 7606: 7597: 7596: 7594: 7592: 7578: 7571: 7560: 7559: 7557: 7555: 7521: 7504: 7503: 7485: 7479: 7478: 7460: 7454: 7453: 7451: 7449: 7421: 7415: 7414: 7412: 7410: 7382: 7376: 7375: 7359: 7349: 7343: 7342: 7324: 7318: 7317: 7316:on 1 March 2007. 7312:. Archived from 7299: 7293: 7292: 7271: 7260: 7259: 7257: 7255: 7235: 7229: 7228: 7226: 7224: 7196: 7185: 7184: 7182: 7180: 7152: 7146: 7145: 7127: 7121: 7120: 7114: 7112: 7084: 7078: 7077: 7075: 7073: 7054: 7048: 7047: 7045: 7043: 7024: 7018: 7017: 7015: 7013: 6985: 6979: 6978: 6976: 6974: 6946: 6935: 6934: 6916: 6910: 6909: 6887: 6881: 6880: 6858: 6852: 6851: 6823: 6817: 6776: 6770: 6766: 6760: 6746: 6740: 6739: 6737: 6735: 6701: 6695: 6694: 6692: 6690: 6662: 6656: 6655: 6638:Haqqani, Hussain 6634: 6619: 6618: 6616: 6614: 6595: 6589: 6588: 6586: 6584: 6578: 6547: 6538: 6532: 6531: 6529: 6527: 6512: 6502: 6493: 6492: 6490: 6488: 6479:. Archived from 6467: 6461: 6460: 6458: 6456: 6440: 6433: 6412: 6411: 6409: 6407: 6398:. Archived from 6392: 6386: 6385: 6383: 6381: 6366: 6360: 6359: 6357: 6355: 6336: 6330: 6329: 6327: 6325: 6316:. Archived from 6306: 6300: 6299: 6297: 6295: 6280: 6274: 6273: 6271: 6269: 6263: 6256: 6248: 6239: 6238: 6230: 6224: 6223: 6221: 6219: 6214:on 19 March 2012 6204: 6198: 6197: 6192:. Archived from 6182: 6176: 6162: 6149: 6148: 6146: 6144: 6116: 6110: 6109: 6090: 6081: 6080: 6078: 6076: 6051: 6034: 6033: 6012: 6006: 6005: 5974: 5968: 5967: 5965: 5963: 5935: 5926: 5925: 5923: 5921: 5893: 5887: 5886: 5866: 5857: 5856: 5854: 5852: 5837: 5827: 5818: 5817: 5815: 5813: 5798: 5788: 5779: 5778: 5760: 5751: 5747: 5741: 5734: 5728: 5721: 5715: 5714: 5695: 5685: 5679: 5678: 5659: 5649: 5643: 5642: 5623: 5613: 5530:Riverine Warfare 5295:The Ghazi Attack 4977:Muhammad Hussain 4894: 4893: 4718: 4717: 4697:Param Vir Chakra 4691:Gallantry awards 4655:Defence of Punch 4587:the Soviets left 4575:Pervez Musharraf 4468:Himachal Pradesh 4363:First War Report 4245:Shanti Committee 4181:chain of command 4099: 3713:Northern Command 3647:balance of power 3573:aircraft carrier 3481:Rodionov message 3343: 3341: 3340: 3330:Mohammad Shariff 3319:Pakistan Marines 3313: 3290: 3288: 3287: 3269: 3268: 3195:Khaled Musharraf 3170:Officially, the 3107:Indian territory 3056:and destroyed 5 2837:Pakistan Marines 2595:Naval operations 2503:Battle of Turtuk 2407:Western Commands 2349:Indian Air Force 2276:Hang the Traitor 2097:Bengali refugees 1905:in the 313-seat 1559:2001–02 standoff 1549:Siachen conflict 1528:Kashmir conflict 1519: 1517: 1507: 1500: 1493: 1484: 1483: 1469: 1465: 1377:Dhaka University 1139: 1138: 1136: 1125: 1118: 1111: 1102: 1101: 932: 931: 924: 923: 921: 910: 903: 896: 887: 886: 800: 798: 797: 728: 726: 725: 679: 670: 669: 661: 652: 651: 650: 644: 635: 634: 633: 626:Abdul Rahim Khan 624: 623: 622: 613: 612: 611: 602: 601: 600: 594: 585: 584: 583: 574: 573: 572: 563: 562: 561: 554: 544: 543: 542: 533: 532: 531: 522: 521: 520: 514: 505: 504: 503: 494: 493: 479: 478: 468: 467: 454: 445: 436: 427: 418: 409: 400: 391: 382: 373: 364: 363: 353: 352: 330: 328: 327: 311: 310: 299: 297: 296: 166: 165: 160: 68: 40: 39: 21: 20133: 20132: 20128: 20127: 20126: 20124: 20123: 20122: 20028: 20027: 20026: 20016: 20014: 20004: 20002: 19994: 19992: 19987: 19971: 19940: 19924: 19920:Delhi Agreement 19869: 19843: 19836: 19826: 19824: 19794: 19789: 19751: 19688: 19670: 19640: 19600: 19562: 19463: 19440: 19434: 19404: 19399: 19378: 19360: 19329: 19303:Black September 19276: 19237:Bajaur Campaign 19232:Waziristan 1948 19218: 19180: 19142: 19128: 19098: 19093: 19058: 18997: 18977: 18958:Active Aircraft 18946: 18915: 18899: 18864: 18820:Northeast India 18808: 18769: 18714:Doklam standoff 18624: 18618: 18614:Sino-Indian War 18579:Battle of Chamb 18516: 18456: 18411: 18363: 18335: 18326:Western Command 18306:Eastern Command 18301:Central Command 18287: 18208: 18144: 18131: 18045: 18034: 18032: 18021: 18019: 18008: 18006: 17998: 17988: 17958: 17945: 17894: 17852: 17826: 17785: 17723: 17701: 17631:Delhi Agreement 17626:Simla Agreement 17607: 17584: 17538: 17426: 17375: 17283: 17254:Kazi Nuruzzaman 17207: 17168:M. A. G. Osmani 17145: 17126: 17105: 17059:Akhira massacre 17020: 16957: 16948:Battle of Boyra 16928:Battle of Hilli 16881: 16787: 16785: 16774: 16732: 16708:Jamaat-e-Islami 16670: 16627: 16605:Bangladesh Navy 16583:Bangladesh Army 16548: 16510: 16469: 16428: 16352: 16281: 16231: 16220: 16219: 16195: 16185: 16183: 16153: 16148: 16144:Remembrance Day 16097: 16076: 16055: 15967:Notable victims 15958: 15921:Sylhet Division 15915: 15877: 15839: 15817:Khulna Division 15811: 15713: 15680: 15635: 15611:Jamaat-e-Islami 15590: 15541:Abul Kalam Azad 15524: 15491: 15486: 15456: 15447: 15399: 15367:Nishan-E-Haider 15361: 15325: 15315: 15296:M. A. G. Osmani 15264: 15255:Muzaffar Hassan 15235:Abdul Ali Malik 15225:Leslie Mungavin 15215:Mohammad Sharif 15178: 15060: 15026: 15015:US Taskforce 74 14971:Tangail Airdrop 14961:Battle of Hilli 14943:Boyra incidence 14916: 14912:Simla Agreement 14824: 14819: 14778: 14693: 14676: 14655: 14636: 14625: 14612: 14591: 14560: 14528: 14512: 14510:Further reading 14507: 14497: 14495: 14482: 14481: 14477: 14467: 14465: 14452: 14451: 14447: 14437: 14435: 14414: 14413: 14409: 14399: 14397: 14384: 14383: 14379: 14369: 14367: 14359: 14358: 14354: 14344: 14342: 14329: 14328: 14324: 14314: 14312: 14297: 14296: 14287: 14264: 14260: 14250: 14248: 14235: 14234: 14230: 14220: 14218: 14205: 14204: 14200: 14190: 14188: 14175: 14174: 14170: 14160: 14158: 14157:on 4 March 2016 14145: 14144: 14140: 14130: 14128: 14115: 14114: 14110: 14100: 14098: 14080: 14076: 14066: 14064: 14055: 14054: 14050: 14040: 14038: 14029: 14028: 14024: 14014: 14012: 14003: 14002: 13998: 13988: 13986: 13977: 13976: 13972: 13962: 13960: 13951: 13950: 13946: 13933: 13932: 13928: 13918: 13916: 13907: 13906: 13902: 13888: 13886: 13871: 13867: 13854: 13852: 13839:Khan, Sanjida. 13837: 13833: 13823: 13821: 13813: 13812: 13808: 13798: 13796: 13788: 13787: 13783: 13773: 13771: 13763: 13762: 13758: 13748: 13746: 13738: 13737: 13733: 13723: 13721: 13712: 13711: 13707: 13694: 13693: 13689: 13679: 13677: 13670: 13654: 13650: 13640: 13638: 13630:Foreign Affairs 13621: 13617: 13611:Wayback Machine 13602: 13598: 13587: 13585: 13578: 13562: 13558: 13541: 13537: 13530: 13514: 13510: 13500: 13498: 13485: 13484: 13480: 13470: 13468: 13463:. 9 June 2014. 13459: 13458: 13454: 13447: 13430: 13426: 13416: 13414: 13413:on 14 June 2011 13401: 13400: 13396: 13386: 13384: 13371: 13370: 13366: 13356: 13354: 13345: 13344: 13340: 13330: 13328: 13313: 13309: 13299: 13297: 13284: 13283: 13279: 13269: 13267: 13254: 13253: 13249: 13239: 13237: 13224: 13223: 13216: 13206: 13204: 13197: 13181: 13177: 13171:Wayback Machine 13160:Wayback Machine 13151: 13147: 13142: 13138: 13128: 13126: 13119: 13103: 13096: 13086: 13084: 13069: 13062: 13052: 13050: 13035: 13031: 13021: 13019: 13004: 13000: 12990: 12988: 12981: 12965: 12961: 12951: 12949: 12936: 12935: 12928: 12918: 12916: 12901: 12892: 12882: 12880: 12875:. 1 June 2003. 12867: 12866: 12862: 12852: 12850: 12843: 12827: 12823: 12813: 12811: 12798: 12794: 12784: 12782: 12778: 12767: 12761: 12752: 12742: 12740: 12727: 12726: 12722: 12711: 12707: 12697: 12695: 12682: 12681: 12677: 12667: 12665: 12652: 12651: 12647: 12637: 12635: 12628: 12612: 12608: 12598: 12596: 12589: 12573: 12569: 12559: 12557: 12550: 12534: 12530: 12520: 12518: 12511: 12495: 12491: 12481: 12479: 12466: 12465: 12461: 12451: 12449: 12436: 12435: 12431: 12417:Wayback Machine 12407: 12403: 12393: 12391: 12378: 12377: 12373: 12363: 12361: 12354: 12338: 12334: 12327: 12310: 12306: 12296: 12294: 12286: 12285: 12281: 12271: 12269: 12254: 12250: 12240: 12238: 12215: 12211: 12180: 12176: 12162: 12160: 12147: 12146: 12142: 12132: 12130: 12123: 12104: 12100: 12090: 12088: 12081: 12065: 12061: 12051: 12049: 12042: 12026: 12019: 12009: 12007: 11994: 11993: 11989: 11979: 11977: 11973: 11966: 11962: 11961: 11957: 11950: 11936: 11932: 11922: 11920: 11913: 11897: 11893: 11883: 11881: 11874: 11855: 11851: 11841: 11839: 11837: 11818: 11814: 11804: 11802: 11789: 11788: 11784: 11777: 11763: 11759: 11749: 11747: 11740:Defence Journal 11734: 11733: 11729: 11719: 11717: 11706: 11702: 11697: 11693: 11686: 11670: 11666: 11659: 11642: 11635: 11626: 11622: 11612: 11610: 11603: 11587: 11583: 11573: 11571: 11564: 11548: 11544: 11534: 11532: 11525: 11509: 11505: 11495: 11493: 11480: 11479: 11475: 11465: 11463: 11450: 11449: 11445: 11435: 11433: 11420: 11419: 11415: 11401: 11399: 11392: 11376: 11372: 11359: 11357: 11350: 11334: 11330: 11316: 11312: 11303: 11301: 11266: 11262: 11252: 11250: 11237: 11233: 11223: 11221: 11214: 11198: 11191: 11184: 11166: 11162: 11151: 11150: 11146: 11132: 11130: 11123: 11107: 11100: 11085: 11081: 11067: 11065: 11052: 11048: 11041: 11020: 11016: 11006: 11004: 10997: 10978: 10974: 10964: 10962: 10949: 10948: 10944: 10934: 10932: 10925: 10911: 10910: 10906: 10896: 10894: 10887:Hindustan Times 10881: 10880: 10876: 10866: 10864: 10851: 10850: 10846: 10836: 10834: 10821: 10820: 10816: 10806: 10804: 10800: 10789: 10785: 10784: 10780: 10770: 10768: 10761: 10745: 10741: 10731: 10729: 10728:on 25 July 2011 10720: 10719: 10715: 10705: 10703: 10696: 10680: 10676: 10666: 10664: 10655: 10654: 10650: 10640: 10638: 10629: 10628: 10621: 10611: 10609: 10602: 10586: 10575: 10568: 10554: 10550: 10540: 10538: 10531: 10515: 10511: 10480: 10476: 10466: 10465: 10461: 10451: 10449: 10442: 10426: 10419: 10409: 10407: 10394: 10393: 10389: 10379: 10377: 10364: 10363: 10359: 10349: 10347: 10334: 10333: 10329: 10319: 10317: 10304: 10303: 10299: 10289: 10287: 10280: 10264: 10260: 10250: 10248: 10235: 10234: 10230: 10225:Wayback Machine 10208: 10206: 10205:on 9 April 2022 10193: 10192: 10188: 10175: 10173: 10158: 10154: 10144: 10142: 10135: 10119: 10115: 10108: 10090: 10086: 10079:Foreign Affairs 10068: 10064: 10054: 10052: 10045: 10029: 10022: 10012: 10010: 10003: 9987:Jackson, Robert 9984: 9980: 9970: 9968: 9961: 9945: 9941: 9931: 9929: 9922: 9906: 9902: 9892: 9890: 9877: 9876: 9872: 9862: 9860: 9845: 9841: 9831: 9829: 9814: 9813: 9806: 9796: 9794: 9777: 9773: 9763: 9761: 9750: 9746: 9736: 9734: 9719: 9715: 9705: 9703: 9701: 9683: 9658: 9648: 9646: 9631: 9627: 9617: 9615: 9606: 9605: 9601: 9591: 9589: 9576: 9575: 9571: 9559: 9555: 9546: 9542: 9532: 9515: 9508: 9498: 9496: 9483: 9482: 9478: 9468: 9466: 9462: 9451: 9443: 9442: 9438: 9428: 9426: 9425:on 1 March 2012 9417: 9416: 9412: 9402: 9400: 9387: 9386: 9382: 9363: 9362: 9358: 9351: 9337: 9333: 9323: 9321: 9314:"Defence Notes" 9312: 9311: 9307: 9297: 9295: 9282:Shabir, Usman. 9280: 9276: 9266: 9264: 9251: 9250: 9246: 9236: 9234: 9227: 9211: 9207: 9200: 9183: 9179: 9169: 9167: 9163: 9157: 9146: 9143:No Easy Answers 9138: 9127: 9117: 9115: 9108: 9097:No Easy Answers 9092: 9088: 9078: 9076: 9069:Hindustan Times 9061: 9057: 9047: 9045: 9028: 9024: 9013: 9011: 9004: 8988: 8981: 8971: 8969: 8962: 8946: 8931: 8918: 8917: 8913: 8908:Wayback Machine 8895: 8891: 8884: 8868: 8864: 8854: 8852: 8844: 8843: 8839: 8834: 8830: 8820: 8818: 8810: 8809: 8805: 8795: 8793: 8785: 8784: 8780: 8761: 8757: 8742: 8738: 8719: 8715: 8705: 8703: 8694: 8693: 8689: 8679: 8677: 8667: 8663: 8653: 8651: 8644: 8628: 8624: 8614: 8612: 8610: 8594: 8590: 8578: 8570: 8568: 8539: 8535: 8525: 8523: 8510: 8509: 8505: 8495: 8493: 8478: 8477: 8470: 8461: 8457: 8447: 8445: 8430: 8429: 8420: 8410: 8408: 8406: 8390: 8383: 8373: 8371: 8362: 8361: 8357: 8347: 8345: 8341: 8330: 8326: 8325: 8321: 8311: 8309: 8300: 8299: 8295: 8285: 8283: 8272: 8271: 8264: 8257: 8243:Sisson, Richard 8240: 8236: 8229: 8215:Sisson, Richard 8212: 8208: 8198: 8196: 8187: 8186: 8182: 8172: 8170: 8157: 8156: 8149: 8139: 8137: 8126:"Pakistan,1971" 8122: 8118: 8108: 8106: 8091: 8087: 8080: 8066:Sisson, Richard 8063: 8059: 8050: 8046: 8036: 8034: 8021: 8020: 8009: 7999: 7997: 7982: 7978: 7968: 7966: 7949: 7945: 7935: 7933: 7928:. 25 May 2021. 7914: 7913: 7909: 7895: 7893: 7880: 7876: 7866: 7864: 7851: 7850: 7846: 7816: 7809: 7802: 7788: 7784: 7774: 7772: 7770: 7754: 7750: 7740: 7738: 7725: 7724: 7720: 7710: 7708: 7695: 7691: 7681: 7679: 7666: 7665: 7658: 7648: 7646: 7631: 7630: 7623: 7617:Wayback Machine 7607: 7600: 7590: 7588: 7573: 7572: 7563: 7553: 7551: 7544: 7522: 7507: 7500: 7486: 7482: 7475: 7461: 7457: 7447: 7445: 7438: 7422: 7418: 7408: 7406: 7399: 7383: 7379: 7372: 7350: 7346: 7339: 7325: 7321: 7300: 7296: 7289: 7272: 7263: 7253: 7251: 7236: 7232: 7222: 7220: 7213: 7197: 7188: 7178: 7176: 7169: 7153: 7149: 7142: 7128: 7124: 7110: 7108: 7101: 7085: 7081: 7071: 7069: 7056: 7055: 7051: 7041: 7039: 7026: 7025: 7021: 7011: 7009: 7002: 6986: 6982: 6972: 6970: 6963: 6947: 6938: 6931: 6921:Rape in Wartime 6917: 6913: 6906: 6888: 6884: 6877: 6859: 6855: 6824: 6820: 6810:Blood and tears 6806:Wayback Machine 6787:Wayback Machine 6777: 6773: 6767: 6763: 6757:Wayback Machine 6747: 6743: 6733: 6731: 6724: 6702: 6698: 6688: 6686: 6679: 6663: 6659: 6652: 6635: 6622: 6612: 6610: 6597: 6596: 6592: 6582: 6580: 6576: 6545: 6539: 6535: 6525: 6523: 6521: 6503: 6496: 6486: 6484: 6469: 6468: 6464: 6454: 6452: 6435: 6434: 6415: 6405: 6403: 6394: 6393: 6389: 6379: 6377: 6368: 6367: 6363: 6353: 6351: 6338: 6337: 6333: 6323: 6321: 6308: 6307: 6303: 6293: 6291: 6282: 6281: 6277: 6267: 6265: 6261: 6254: 6250: 6249: 6242: 6231: 6227: 6217: 6215: 6206: 6205: 6201: 6184: 6183: 6179: 6163: 6152: 6142: 6140: 6133: 6117: 6113: 6092: 6091: 6084: 6074: 6072: 6070: 6052: 6037: 6027: 6013: 6009: 5991:10.2307/2642872 5975: 5971: 5961: 5959: 5952: 5936: 5929: 5919: 5917: 5910: 5894: 5890: 5883: 5867: 5860: 5850: 5848: 5846: 5828: 5821: 5811: 5809: 5807: 5789: 5782: 5775: 5761: 5754: 5748: 5744: 5735: 5731: 5722: 5718: 5708: 5686: 5682: 5672: 5650: 5646: 5636: 5614: 5610: 5606: 5584: 5579: 5427: 5398: 5373: 5306:during the war. 5287:Children of War 5157: 5152: 5080:Ram Baran Yadav 5069:people of India 5015: 5013:Civilian awards 4999:(Posthumously) 4997:Muhammad Mahfuz 4979:(Posthumously) 4959:(Posthumously) 4939:(Posthumously) 4919:(Posthumously) 4889: 4818: 4802:(Posthumously) 4763:(Posthumously) 4743:(Posthumously) 4713: 4705:Nishan-E-Haider 4693: 4688: 4658:Dera Baba Nanak 4626: 4623:theatre honours 4615: 4610: 4608:Military awards 4599:Foreign Affairs 4561: 4537: 4521:Delhi Agreement 4472:Simla Agreement 4456: 4448:Main articles: 4446: 4348:senior justices 4340:Hamoodur Rahman 4329: 4321:Main articles: 4319: 4314: 4211: 4205: 4153:nationalisation 4100: 4098:Qureshi, p. 288 4097: 4069:Hussain Haqqani 4007: 3944: 3917:Line of Control 3913:Simla Agreement 3898: 3893: 3861: 3790: 3766: 3760: 3725:Line of Control 3705:side of Kashmir 3668: 3635:Leonid Brezhnev 3531:global position 3513:close relations 3493:Henry Kissinger 3476:Alexei Rodionov 3443:East Pakistanis 3424: 3419: 3338: 3336: 3285: 3283: 3218:joint secretary 3168: 3160:Main articles: 3158: 3062:M Kaiser Tufail 2977: 2962:air superiority 2951:Squadron Leader 2925:during the war. 2915: 2909: 2844:Leslie Mungavin 2745:sinking of INS 2687:port of Karachi 2603: 2597: 2589:Sino-Indian War 2571:Eastern Command 2546:Eastern Command 2515: 2464:HAL HF-24 Marut 2444:Simla Agreement 2423: 2384:Simla Agreement 2364: 2356:coordinated air 2338:Operation Focus 2318: 2313: 2224: 2212:Salil Chowdhury 2069: 2057:Main articles: 2055: 1981:non-cooperation 1946:of Pakistan to 1794: 1774:Main articles: 1772: 1707:Eastern Command 1659: 1654: 1570:Other conflicts 1520: 1515: 1513: 1511: 1481: 1476: 1468: 1463: 1366: 1320: 1242: 1221: 1140: 1134: 1132: 1131: 1129: 1099: 1094: 1086:Simla Agreement 925: 919: 917: 916: 914: 846:Neutral claims 831: 826: 821: 815: 810: 809:93,000 captured 808: 807:25,000 wounded 806: 804: 795: 793: 755:Neutral claims 734: 732: 723: 721: 664: 662: 648: 646: 645: 631: 629: 628: 620: 618: 617: 609: 607: 606: 598: 596: 595: 581: 579: 578: 570: 568: 567: 565:Muzaffar Hassan 559: 557: 556: 550: 546:Iftikhar Janjua 540: 538: 537: 529: 527: 526: 518: 516: 515: 501: 499: 498: 488: 484: 481:M. A. G. Osmani 473: 472: 462: 460: 458: 449: 440: 431: 422: 413: 404: 395: 386: 377: 368: 358: 357: 347: 336: 325: 323: 317: 305: 294: 292: 264:Simla Agreement 258:Western Front: 247:Eastern Front: 242: 235: 233: 229: 227: 216: 197:Line of Control 183: 173: 110: 107:All India Radio 70: 69: 34: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 20131: 20121: 20120: 20115: 20110: 20105: 20100: 20095: 20090: 20085: 20080: 20075: 20070: 20065: 20060: 20055: 20050: 20045: 20040: 20025: 20024: 20012: 19989: 19988: 19976: 19973: 19972: 19970: 19969: 19964: 19959: 19954: 19948: 19946: 19942: 19941: 19939: 19938: 19932: 19930: 19926: 19925: 19923: 19922: 19917: 19912: 19907: 19906: 19905: 19895: 19890: 19885: 19879: 19877: 19871: 19870: 19868: 19867: 19862: 19857: 19851: 19849: 19845: 19844: 19823: 19822: 19815: 19808: 19800: 19791: 19790: 19788: 19787: 19782: 19777: 19772: 19767: 19762: 19756: 19753: 19752: 19750: 19749: 19744: 19739: 19734: 19729: 19724: 19722:Ottoman Empire 19719: 19714: 19712:Czechoslovakia 19709: 19704: 19698: 19696: 19690: 19689: 19687: 19686: 19680: 19678: 19672: 19671: 19669: 19668: 19667: 19666: 19661: 19650: 19648: 19642: 19641: 19639: 19638: 19633: 19628: 19627: 19626: 19621: 19610: 19608: 19602: 19601: 19599: 19598: 19596:United Kingdom 19593: 19588: 19583: 19578: 19572: 19570: 19564: 19563: 19561: 19560: 19555: 19554: 19553: 19543: 19538: 19533: 19528: 19523: 19522: 19521: 19516: 19506: 19505: 19504: 19499: 19494: 19489: 19484: 19473: 19471: 19465: 19464: 19462: 19461: 19456: 19450: 19448: 19442: 19441: 19433: 19432: 19425: 19418: 19410: 19401: 19400: 19398: 19397: 19392: 19386: 19384: 19380: 19379: 19377: 19376: 19370: 19368: 19362: 19361: 19359: 19358: 19353: 19348: 19343: 19337: 19335: 19331: 19330: 19328: 19327: 19322: 19317: 19312: 19307: 19306: 19305: 19300: 19295: 19284: 19282: 19278: 19277: 19275: 19274: 19269: 19264: 19259: 19254: 19249: 19244: 19239: 19234: 19228: 19226: 19220: 19219: 19217: 19216: 19211: 19206: 19201: 19196: 19190: 19188: 19182: 19181: 19179: 19178: 19173: 19172: 19171: 19161: 19156: 19150: 19148: 19144: 19143: 19138:involving the 19136:Armed conflict 19127: 19126: 19119: 19112: 19104: 19095: 19094: 19092: 19091: 19090: 19089: 19084: 19079: 19063: 19060: 19059: 19057: 19056: 19051: 19046: 19041: 19036: 19031: 19026: 19021: 19016: 19011: 19005: 19003: 18999: 18998: 18996: 18995: 18989: 18987: 18983: 18982: 18979: 18978: 18976: 18975: 18970: 18965: 18960: 18954: 18952: 18948: 18947: 18945: 18944: 18939: 18937:Weapon Systems 18934: 18929: 18923: 18921: 18917: 18916: 18914: 18913: 18907: 18905: 18898: 18897: 18892: 18887: 18882: 18876: 18874: 18870: 18869: 18866: 18865: 18863: 18862: 18861: 18860: 18855: 18845: 18844: 18843: 18835: 18822: 18816: 18814: 18810: 18809: 18807: 18806: 18801: 18796: 18787: 18777: 18775: 18771: 18770: 18768: 18767: 18762: 18754: 18746: 18741: 18736: 18728: 18723: 18722: 18721: 18716: 18711: 18706: 18696: 18691: 18690: 18689: 18688: 18687: 18677: 18672: 18667: 18662: 18657: 18644: 18639: 18634: 18628: 18626: 18620: 18619: 18617: 18616: 18611: 18610: 18609: 18604: 18603: 18602: 18597: 18589: 18581: 18576: 18571: 18561: 18560: 18559: 18554: 18544: 18533: 18531: 18524: 18518: 18517: 18515: 18514: 18509: 18508: 18507: 18502: 18497: 18492: 18487: 18482: 18474: 18468: 18466: 18462: 18461: 18458: 18457: 18455: 18454: 18449: 18444: 18442:Special forces 18439: 18434: 18429: 18423: 18421: 18417: 18416: 18413: 18412: 18410: 18409: 18404: 18399: 18394: 18389: 18384: 18379: 18373: 18371: 18365: 18364: 18362: 18361: 18356: 18351: 18345: 18343: 18337: 18336: 18334: 18333: 18328: 18323: 18318: 18313: 18308: 18303: 18297: 18295: 18289: 18288: 18286: 18285: 18280: 18275: 18270: 18265: 18260: 18255: 18254: 18253: 18243: 18242: 18241: 18231: 18225: 18223: 18214: 18210: 18209: 18207: 18206: 18201: 18196: 18191: 18186: 18181: 18176: 18171: 18170: 18169: 18164: 18159: 18148: 18146: 18137: 18133: 18132: 18130: 18129: 18124: 18119: 18114: 18109: 18104: 18099: 18094: 18089: 18079: 18074: 18069: 18064: 18062:Prime Minister 18059: 18053: 18051: 18047: 18046: 18044: 18043: 18030: 18017: 18003: 18000: 17999: 17987: 17986: 17979: 17972: 17964: 17955: 17954: 17951: 17950: 17947: 17946: 17944: 17943: 17938: 17933: 17928: 17923: 17918: 17913: 17908: 17906:Liberation War 17902: 17900: 17896: 17895: 17893: 17892: 17887: 17886: 17885: 17875: 17870: 17864: 17862: 17858: 17857: 17854: 17853: 17851: 17850: 17845: 17840: 17834: 17832: 17828: 17827: 17825: 17824: 17819: 17814: 17809: 17804: 17799: 17793: 17791: 17787: 17786: 17784: 17783: 17778: 17773: 17768: 17763: 17758: 17753: 17748: 17742: 17740: 17733: 17725: 17724: 17722: 17721: 17718: 17717:Related topics 17707: 17706: 17703: 17702: 17700: 17699: 17698: 17697: 17692: 17682: 17681: 17680: 17675: 17670: 17660: 17655: 17650: 17649: 17648: 17638: 17633: 17628: 17623: 17618: 17612: 17609: 17608: 17598: 17597: 17594: 17593: 17590: 17589: 17586: 17585: 17583: 17582: 17577: 17572: 17567: 17562: 17557: 17552: 17546: 17544: 17540: 17539: 17537: 17536: 17531: 17529:E. C. Kuruvila 17526: 17524:J. F. R. Jacob 17521: 17516: 17511: 17506: 17501: 17496: 17491: 17486: 17481: 17476: 17471: 17466: 17461: 17456: 17451: 17445: 17443: 17436: 17432: 17431: 17428: 17427: 17425: 17424: 17419: 17414: 17409: 17404: 17399: 17394: 17389: 17383: 17381: 17377: 17376: 17374: 17373: 17368: 17366:Siddique Salik 17363: 17358: 17353: 17348: 17346:Khadim Hussain 17343: 17338: 17336:Rao Farman Ali 17333: 17328: 17326:Yaqub Ali Khan 17323: 17318: 17313: 17308: 17302: 17300: 17293: 17289: 17288: 17285: 17284: 17282: 17281: 17276: 17271: 17266: 17261: 17256: 17251: 17246: 17241: 17236: 17231: 17229:Tajuddin Ahmad 17226: 17221: 17215: 17213: 17209: 17208: 17206: 17205: 17200: 17195: 17193:A. K. Khandker 17190: 17185: 17183:K M Shafiullah 17180: 17175: 17170: 17164: 17162: 17155: 17147: 17146: 17136: 17135: 17132: 17131: 17128: 17127: 17125: 17124: 17119: 17113: 17111: 17107: 17106: 17104: 17103: 17096: 17091: 17086: 17081: 17076: 17071: 17069:Demra massacre 17066: 17061: 17056: 17051: 17046: 17044:Ramna massacre 17041: 17036: 17030: 17028: 17022: 17021: 17019: 17018: 17017: 17016: 17011: 17001: 16996: 16991: 16986: 16981: 16976: 16971: 16969:Blood Telegram 16965: 16963: 16959: 16958: 16956: 16955: 16950: 16945: 16940: 16935: 16930: 16925: 16920: 16915: 16910: 16905: 16900: 16895: 16889: 16887: 16883: 16882: 16880: 16879: 16874: 16869: 16864: 16859: 16854: 16849: 16844: 16839: 16834: 16829: 16824: 16819: 16814: 16809: 16806: 16801: 16796: 16790: 16788: 16783: 16780: 16779: 16776: 16775: 16773: 16772: 16766: 16765: 16764: 16746: 16740: 16738: 16734: 16733: 16731: 16730: 16725: 16720: 16715: 16710: 16705: 16704: 16703: 16680: 16678: 16672: 16671: 16669: 16668: 16663: 16662: 16661: 16659:Hemayet Bahini 16656: 16651: 16646: 16641: 16636: 16628: 16622: 16617: 16612: 16607: 16602: 16601: 16600: 16595: 16590: 16580: 16575: 16569: 16567: 16558: 16550: 16549: 16547: 16546: 16543: 16540: 16537: 16534: 16531: 16520: 16519: 16516: 16515: 16512: 16511: 16509: 16508: 16503: 16498: 16493: 16488: 16483: 16477: 16475: 16471: 16470: 16468: 16467: 16462: 16457: 16452: 16447: 16442: 16436: 16434: 16430: 16429: 16427: 16426: 16421: 16416: 16411: 16406: 16401: 16396: 16391: 16386: 16381: 16376: 16371: 16366: 16360: 16358: 16354: 16353: 16351: 16350: 16345: 16340: 16338:Noakhali riots 16335: 16330: 16325: 16320: 16315: 16310: 16305: 16300: 16295: 16289: 16287: 16283: 16282: 16280: 16279: 16274: 16269: 16267:Bengal studies 16264: 16259: 16254: 16249: 16243: 16241: 16233: 16232: 16222: 16221: 16218: 16217: 16212: 16201: 16200: 16197: 16196: 16182: 16181: 16174: 16167: 16159: 16150: 16149: 16147: 16146: 16141: 16136: 16131: 16126: 16121: 16116: 16114:Blood Telegram 16111: 16105: 16103: 16102:Related events 16099: 16098: 16096: 16095: 16090: 16084: 16082: 16078: 16077: 16075: 16074: 16069: 16063: 16061: 16057: 16056: 16054: 16053: 16046: 16041: 16036: 16031: 16026: 16021: 16016: 16011: 16006: 16001: 15996: 15991: 15986: 15981: 15976: 15970: 15968: 15964: 15963: 15960: 15959: 15957: 15956: 15951: 15946: 15941: 15936: 15931: 15925: 15923: 15917: 15916: 15914: 15913: 15908: 15903: 15898: 15893: 15887: 15885: 15879: 15878: 15876: 15875: 15870: 15865: 15860: 15855: 15849: 15847: 15841: 15840: 15838: 15837: 15835:Shankharikathi 15832: 15827: 15821: 15819: 15813: 15812: 15810: 15809: 15804: 15799: 15794: 15792:Shankharibazar 15789: 15784: 15779: 15774: 15769: 15764: 15759: 15754: 15749: 15744: 15739: 15737:Char Bhadrasan 15734: 15729: 15723: 15721: 15719:Dhaka Division 15715: 15714: 15712: 15711: 15706: 15701: 15696: 15690: 15688: 15682: 15681: 15679: 15678: 15673: 15668: 15663: 15658: 15652: 15650: 15641: 15637: 15636: 15634: 15633: 15628: 15623: 15618: 15613: 15608: 15602: 15600: 15596: 15595: 15592: 15591: 15589: 15588: 15583: 15578: 15573: 15568: 15563: 15558: 15553: 15548: 15543: 15538: 15532: 15530: 15526: 15525: 15523: 15522: 15520:Rao Farman Ali 15517: 15512: 15506: 15504: 15497: 15493: 15492: 15485: 15484: 15477: 15470: 15462: 15453: 15452: 15449: 15448: 15446: 15445: 15440: 15435: 15430: 15425: 15420: 15415: 15409: 15407: 15401: 15400: 15398: 15397: 15392: 15387: 15382: 15377: 15371: 15369: 15363: 15362: 15360: 15359: 15354: 15349: 15344: 15338: 15336: 15327: 15321: 15320: 15317: 15316: 15314: 15313: 15308: 15303: 15298: 15293: 15288: 15283: 15281:Tajuddin Ahmed 15278: 15272: 15270: 15266: 15265: 15263: 15262: 15257: 15252: 15247: 15242: 15237: 15232: 15227: 15222: 15220:M. A. K. Lodhi 15217: 15212: 15210:A. A. K. Niazi 15207: 15202: 15197: 15192: 15186: 15184: 15180: 15179: 15177: 15176: 15171: 15169:E. C. Kuruvila 15166: 15164:J. F. R. Jacob 15161: 15156: 15151: 15146: 15141: 15136: 15131: 15126: 15121: 15116: 15111: 15106: 15101: 15096: 15091: 15086: 15081: 15075: 15073: 15066: 15062: 15061: 15059: 15058: 15053: 15048: 15043: 15038: 15034: 15032: 15028: 15027: 15025: 15024: 15017: 15012: 15004: 14999: 14997:Air Operations 14994: 14986: 14978: 14973: 14968: 14963: 14958: 14953: 14945: 14940: 14935: 14930: 14924: 14922: 14918: 14917: 14915: 14914: 14909: 14904: 14899: 14894: 14889: 14881: 14876: 14871: 14866: 14858: 14853: 14848: 14843: 14838: 14832: 14830: 14826: 14825: 14818: 14817: 14810: 14803: 14795: 14789: 14788: 14776: 14771: 14766: 14761: 14756: 14744: 14739: 14734: 14729: 14724: 14719: 14709: 14704: 14699: 14692: 14691:External links 14689: 14688: 14687: 14680: 14674: 14659: 14653: 14640: 14634: 14616: 14610: 14595: 14589: 14574: 14564: 14558: 14543: 14532: 14527:978-8184003703 14526: 14511: 14508: 14506: 14505: 14475: 14445: 14422:. 3 May 2008. 14407: 14377: 14352: 14322: 14285: 14258: 14228: 14211:The Daily Star 14198: 14168: 14138: 14108: 14074: 14048: 14022: 13996: 13970: 13944: 13926: 13900: 13865: 13831: 13806: 13781: 13756: 13731: 13705: 13687: 13668: 13648: 13615: 13596: 13576: 13556: 13552:978-0199554294 13535: 13528: 13508: 13478: 13452: 13445: 13424: 13394: 13364: 13338: 13307: 13277: 13247: 13214: 13195: 13175: 13173:, paragraph 33 13145: 13136: 13117: 13094: 13060: 13029: 12998: 12979: 12959: 12926: 12890: 12860: 12841: 12821: 12792: 12750: 12720: 12705: 12675: 12645: 12626: 12606: 12587: 12567: 12548: 12528: 12509: 12489: 12459: 12429: 12401: 12384:The Daily Star 12371: 12352: 12332: 12325: 12304: 12279: 12256:Shaiduzzaman. 12248: 12223:Islam, Sirajul 12209: 12174: 12140: 12121: 12098: 12079: 12059: 12040: 12017: 11987: 11955: 11948: 11930: 11911: 11891: 11872: 11849: 11835: 11821:Bhutto, Fatima 11812: 11782: 11775: 11757: 11727: 11700: 11691: 11684: 11664: 11657: 11633: 11620: 11601: 11581: 11562: 11542: 11523: 11503: 11473: 11443: 11413: 11390: 11370: 11348: 11328: 11310: 11260: 11231: 11213:978-0815724070 11212: 11189: 11182: 11160: 11144: 11121: 11098: 11091:. p. 55. 11087:Gill, John H. 11079: 11046: 11039: 11014: 10995: 10972: 10942: 10923: 10904: 10874: 10844: 10814: 10778: 10759: 10739: 10713: 10694: 10674: 10648: 10619: 10600: 10573: 10567:978-8173047619 10566: 10548: 10529: 10509: 10490:(5): 677–700. 10474: 10459: 10440: 10417: 10387: 10357: 10346:on 9 June 2011 10340:Bharat Rakshak 10327: 10310:Frontier India 10297: 10278: 10258: 10228: 10199:nixontapes.org 10186: 10152: 10133: 10113: 10106: 10084: 10062: 10043: 10020: 10001: 9978: 9959: 9939: 9920: 9900: 9870: 9839: 9804: 9771: 9744: 9713: 9699: 9656: 9625: 9599: 9569: 9553: 9540: 9530: 9506: 9476: 9436: 9410: 9380: 9356: 9349: 9331: 9305: 9274: 9257:Bharat Rakshak 9244: 9225: 9205: 9198: 9186:Till, Geoffrey 9177: 9155: 9125: 9106: 9086: 9055: 9022: 9002: 8979: 8960: 8951:Interpretation 8929: 8911: 8901:Indian I Corps 8889: 8882: 8862: 8850:Bharat Rakshak 8837: 8828: 8803: 8778: 8755: 8736: 8713: 8687: 8661: 8642: 8622: 8608: 8588: 8533: 8503: 8468: 8455: 8418: 8404: 8381: 8355: 8319: 8293: 8262: 8255: 8234: 8227: 8206: 8180: 8147: 8116: 8085: 8078: 8057: 8044: 8007: 7976: 7943: 7907: 7874: 7844: 7826:(2): 116–133, 7807: 7800: 7782: 7768: 7748: 7718: 7689: 7656: 7621: 7598: 7561: 7542: 7505: 7498: 7480: 7473: 7455: 7436: 7416: 7397: 7377: 7370: 7344: 7337: 7319: 7294: 7287: 7261: 7230: 7211: 7186: 7167: 7147: 7140: 7122: 7099: 7079: 7049: 7019: 7000: 6980: 6962:978-1610391627 6961: 6936: 6929: 6911: 6904: 6892:Tottne, Samuel 6882: 6875: 6863:Kent Worcester 6853: 6818: 6771: 6761: 6741: 6722: 6710:Totten, Samuel 6696: 6677: 6657: 6650: 6620: 6603:THE DAILY STAR 6590: 6533: 6519: 6494: 6462: 6413: 6387: 6361: 6331: 6301: 6275: 6240: 6225: 6199: 6177: 6150: 6131: 6111: 6082: 6068: 6035: 6025: 6007: 5969: 5950: 5927: 5908: 5888: 5881: 5858: 5844: 5819: 5805: 5780: 5773: 5752: 5742: 5729: 5716: 5706: 5680: 5670: 5644: 5634: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5601: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5491:Radcliffe Line 5488: 5483: 5478: 5477: 5476: 5475: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5422: 5421: 5397: 5394: 5393: 5392: 5385:A. A. K. Niazi 5381:J. F. R. Jacob 5372: 5369: 5368: 5367: 5355: 5343: 5335: 5327: 5319: 5307: 5291: 5283: 5274: 5258: 5246: 5226: 5214: 5194: 5183:Pakistani Army 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5084:King of Bhutan 5058:Prime Minister 5021:R. M. Muzumdar 5014: 5011: 5008: 5007: 5005: 5000: 4994: 4988: 4987: 4985: 4980: 4974: 4968: 4967: 4965: 4960: 4957:Shabbir Sharif 4954: 4948: 4947: 4945: 4940: 4934: 4928: 4927: 4925: 4920: 4917:Muhammad Akram 4914: 4908: 4907: 4904: 4901: 4898: 4888: 4885: 4884: 4883: 4882:(Posthumously) 4874: 4873:(Posthumously) 4865: 4864:(Posthumously) 4858: 4857:(Posthumously) 4849: 4848:(Posthumously) 4846:Hamidur Rahman 4840: 4839:(Posthumously) 4831: 4830:(Posthumously) 4817: 4814: 4811: 4810: 4808: 4803: 4800:Arun Khetarpal 4797: 4791: 4790: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4772: 4771: 4769: 4764: 4758: 4756:Flying Officer 4752: 4751: 4749: 4744: 4738: 4732: 4731: 4728: 4725: 4722: 4712: 4709: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4686: 4683: 4680: 4677: 4676:Poongli Bridge 4674: 4671: 4668: 4665: 4662: 4659: 4656: 4653: 4650: 4647: 4644: 4643:Basantar River 4641: 4638: 4635: 4632: 4628: 4619:battle honours 4614: 4613:Battle honours 4611: 4609: 4606: 4605: 4604: 4594: 4567:, in his book 4560: 4557: 4536: 4533: 4509:Chorbat Valley 4483:Prime Minister 4445: 4442: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4207:Main article: 4204: 4201: 4149:four provinces 4133:scorched earth 4112:A. A. K. Niazi 4095: 4071:, in his book 4026:Muslim country 4006: 4003: 3957:United Nations 3949:United Kingdom 3943: 3940: 3938:and Pachtang. 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3860: 3857: 3845:Middle Eastern 3810:King of Jordan 3794:Arab countries 3789: 3786: 3759: 3756: 3736:United Nations 3667: 3664: 3591:United Kingdom 3539:Blood telegram 3468:Robert Jackson 3432:Blood Telegram 3423: 3420: 3418: 3415: 3412: 3411: 3408: 3405: 3401: 3400: 3392: 3389: 3383: 3382: 3380:Rao Farman Ali 3374: 3371: 3362:Paramilitary ( 3359: 3358: 3350: 3347: 3333: 3332: 3324: 3321: 3306: 3305: 3297: 3294: 3280: 3279: 3276: 3273: 3157: 3154: 3077:Middle Eastern 3064:, in his book 2976: 2973: 2911:Main article: 2908: 2907:Air operations 2905: 2874:Alize aircraft 2796:naval blockade 2770:reconnaissance 2599:Main article: 2596: 2593: 2514: 2511: 2507:Col Udai Singh 2422: 2419: 2363: 2360: 2317: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2232:monsoon season 2223: 2220: 2054: 2051: 2015:Baidyanathtala 1995:, followed by 1970:Yaqub Ali Khan 1876:four provinces 1814:United Kingdom 1771: 1768: 1764:genocidal rape 1727:taken prisoner 1656: 1655: 1653: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1631: 1630: 1625: 1620: 1615: 1610: 1605: 1600: 1589: 1588: 1583: 1578: 1567: 1566: 1561: 1556: 1551: 1546: 1541: 1536: 1534:War of 1947–48 1525: 1522: 1521: 1510: 1509: 1502: 1495: 1487: 1478: 1477: 1462: 1461: 1456: 1451: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1425: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1389: 1384: 1379: 1373: 1372: 1365: 1364: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1324: 1318: 1313: 1308: 1303: 1296: 1289: 1281: 1274: 1267: 1259: 1258: 1252: 1251: 1246: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1219: 1214: 1209: 1204: 1199: 1194: 1189: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1167: 1160: 1152: 1151: 1145: 1142: 1141: 1128: 1127: 1120: 1113: 1105: 1096: 1095: 1091: 1090: 1089: 1088: 1082: 1081: 1076: 1071: 1066: 1061: 1056: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1006: 996: 995: 989: 988: 987: 986: 979: 972: 967: 962: 957: 952: 947: 937: 936: 930: 927: 926: 913: 912: 905: 898: 890: 882: 881: 880: 879: 869: 868: 860:Indian claims 858: 857: 854: 844: 843: 840: 829:Patrol vessels 790: 789: 788: 778: 777: 769:Indian claims 767: 766: 763: 753: 752: 749: 743: 741:naval aircraft 717: 716: 712: 711: 699: 686: 685: 681: 680: 485: 411:J. F. R. Jacob 343: 342: 338: 337: 335: 334: 320: 318: 316: 315: 303: 289: 286: 285: 281: 280: 277: 276: 275: 274: 267: 256: 255: 244: 238: 237: 234:Western front: 228:Eastern front: 225:Indian victory 222: 218: 217: 215: 214: 209: 204: 199: 194: 189: 182: 180: 176: 175: 170: 162: 161: 103:Eastern Comnd. 82:, signing the 78:, the Cdr. of 61: 60: 45: 44: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 20130: 20119: 20116: 20114: 20111: 20109: 20106: 20104: 20101: 20099: 20096: 20094: 20091: 20089: 20086: 20084: 20081: 20079: 20076: 20074: 20071: 20069: 20066: 20064: 20061: 20059: 20056: 20054: 20053:1971 in India 20051: 20049: 20046: 20044: 20041: 20039: 20036: 20035: 20033: 20023: 20013: 20011: 20001: 20000: 19997: 19986: 19985: 19974: 19968: 19965: 19963: 19960: 19958: 19955: 19953: 19952:East Pakistan 19950: 19949: 19947: 19943: 19937: 19934: 19933: 19931: 19927: 19921: 19918: 19916: 19913: 19911: 19908: 19904: 19901: 19900: 19899: 19896: 19894: 19891: 19889: 19886: 19884: 19881: 19880: 19878: 19876: 19872: 19866: 19863: 19861: 19858: 19856: 19853: 19852: 19850: 19846: 19840: 19835: 19830: 19821: 19816: 19814: 19809: 19807: 19802: 19801: 19798: 19786: 19783: 19781: 19778: 19776: 19773: 19771: 19768: 19766: 19763: 19761: 19758: 19757: 19754: 19748: 19745: 19743: 19740: 19738: 19735: 19733: 19730: 19728: 19725: 19723: 19720: 19718: 19715: 19713: 19710: 19708: 19705: 19703: 19700: 19699: 19697: 19695: 19691: 19685: 19682: 19681: 19679: 19677: 19676:South America 19673: 19665: 19662: 19660: 19657: 19656: 19655: 19652: 19651: 19649: 19647: 19643: 19637: 19636:United States 19634: 19632: 19629: 19625: 19622: 19620: 19617: 19616: 19615: 19612: 19611: 19609: 19607: 19606:North America 19603: 19597: 19594: 19592: 19589: 19587: 19584: 19582: 19579: 19577: 19574: 19573: 19571: 19569: 19565: 19559: 19556: 19552: 19549: 19548: 19547: 19544: 19542: 19539: 19537: 19534: 19532: 19529: 19527: 19524: 19520: 19517: 19515: 19512: 19511: 19510: 19507: 19503: 19500: 19498: 19495: 19493: 19490: 19488: 19485: 19483: 19480: 19479: 19478: 19475: 19474: 19472: 19470: 19466: 19460: 19457: 19455: 19452: 19451: 19449: 19447: 19443: 19438: 19431: 19426: 19424: 19419: 19417: 19412: 19411: 19408: 19396: 19393: 19391: 19388: 19387: 19385: 19381: 19375: 19372: 19371: 19369: 19367: 19363: 19357: 19356:War on terror 19354: 19352: 19349: 19347: 19344: 19342: 19339: 19338: 19336: 19332: 19326: 19323: 19321: 19318: 19316: 19313: 19311: 19308: 19304: 19301: 19299: 19296: 19294: 19291: 19290: 19289: 19286: 19285: 19283: 19279: 19273: 19270: 19268: 19265: 19263: 19260: 19258: 19255: 19253: 19250: 19248: 19245: 19243: 19240: 19238: 19235: 19233: 19230: 19229: 19227: 19225: 19221: 19215: 19212: 19210: 19207: 19205: 19202: 19200: 19197: 19195: 19192: 19191: 19189: 19187: 19183: 19177: 19174: 19170: 19167: 19166: 19165: 19162: 19160: 19157: 19155: 19152: 19151: 19149: 19145: 19141: 19137: 19133: 19125: 19120: 19118: 19113: 19111: 19106: 19105: 19102: 19088: 19085: 19083: 19080: 19078: 19075: 19074: 19073: 19065: 19064: 19061: 19055: 19052: 19050: 19047: 19045: 19042: 19040: 19037: 19035: 19032: 19030: 19027: 19025: 19022: 19020: 19017: 19015: 19012: 19010: 19007: 19006: 19004: 19000: 18994: 18991: 18990: 18988: 18984: 18974: 18971: 18969: 18966: 18964: 18961: 18959: 18956: 18955: 18953: 18949: 18943: 18940: 18938: 18935: 18933: 18930: 18928: 18925: 18924: 18922: 18918: 18912: 18909: 18908: 18906: 18902: 18896: 18893: 18891: 18888: 18886: 18883: 18881: 18878: 18877: 18875: 18871: 18859: 18856: 18854: 18851: 18850: 18849: 18846: 18842: 18841: 18836: 18834: 18833: 18828: 18827: 18826: 18823: 18821: 18818: 18817: 18815: 18811: 18805: 18802: 18800: 18797: 18795: 18793: 18788: 18786: 18784: 18779: 18778: 18776: 18772: 18766: 18763: 18761: 18760: 18755: 18753: 18752: 18747: 18745: 18742: 18740: 18737: 18735: 18734: 18729: 18727: 18724: 18720: 18717: 18715: 18712: 18710: 18707: 18705: 18702: 18701: 18700: 18697: 18695: 18692: 18686: 18683: 18682: 18681: 18678: 18676: 18673: 18671: 18668: 18666: 18663: 18661: 18658: 18656: 18655: 18650: 18649: 18648: 18645: 18643: 18640: 18638: 18635: 18633: 18630: 18629: 18627: 18621: 18615: 18612: 18608: 18605: 18601: 18598: 18596: 18595: 18590: 18588: 18587: 18582: 18580: 18577: 18575: 18572: 18570: 18567: 18566: 18565: 18562: 18558: 18555: 18553: 18550: 18549: 18548: 18545: 18543: 18540: 18539: 18538: 18535: 18534: 18532: 18528: 18525: 18523: 18519: 18513: 18510: 18506: 18503: 18501: 18498: 18496: 18493: 18491: 18488: 18486: 18483: 18481: 18478: 18477: 18475: 18473: 18470: 18469: 18467: 18463: 18453: 18450: 18448: 18445: 18443: 18440: 18438: 18435: 18433: 18430: 18428: 18425: 18424: 18422: 18418: 18408: 18405: 18403: 18400: 18398: 18395: 18393: 18390: 18388: 18385: 18383: 18380: 18378: 18375: 18374: 18372: 18370: 18366: 18360: 18357: 18355: 18352: 18350: 18347: 18346: 18344: 18342: 18338: 18332: 18329: 18327: 18324: 18322: 18319: 18317: 18314: 18312: 18309: 18307: 18304: 18302: 18299: 18298: 18296: 18294: 18290: 18284: 18281: 18279: 18276: 18274: 18271: 18269: 18266: 18264: 18261: 18259: 18256: 18252: 18249: 18248: 18247: 18244: 18240: 18237: 18236: 18235: 18232: 18230: 18227: 18226: 18224: 18222: 18218: 18215: 18211: 18205: 18202: 18200: 18197: 18195: 18192: 18190: 18187: 18185: 18182: 18180: 18177: 18175: 18172: 18168: 18165: 18163: 18160: 18158: 18155: 18154: 18153: 18150: 18149: 18147: 18141: 18138: 18134: 18128: 18125: 18123: 18120: 18118: 18115: 18113: 18110: 18108: 18105: 18103: 18100: 18098: 18095: 18093: 18090: 18087: 18083: 18080: 18078: 18075: 18073: 18070: 18068: 18065: 18063: 18060: 18058: 18055: 18054: 18052: 18048: 18042: 18031: 18029: 18018: 18016: 18005: 18004: 18001: 17997: 17993: 17985: 17980: 17978: 17973: 17971: 17966: 17965: 17962: 17942: 17939: 17937: 17934: 17932: 17929: 17927: 17924: 17922: 17919: 17917: 17914: 17912: 17909: 17907: 17904: 17903: 17901: 17897: 17891: 17888: 17884: 17881: 17880: 17879: 17876: 17874: 17871: 17869: 17866: 17865: 17863: 17859: 17849: 17846: 17844: 17841: 17839: 17836: 17835: 17833: 17829: 17823: 17820: 17818: 17815: 17813: 17810: 17808: 17805: 17803: 17800: 17798: 17795: 17794: 17792: 17790:Anniversaries 17788: 17782: 17779: 17777: 17774: 17772: 17769: 17767: 17764: 17762: 17759: 17757: 17754: 17752: 17749: 17747: 17744: 17743: 17741: 17737: 17734: 17732:Commemoration 17730: 17726: 17719: 17716: 17715: 17712: 17708: 17696: 17693: 17691: 17688: 17687: 17686: 17683: 17679: 17676: 17674: 17671: 17669: 17666: 17665: 17664: 17661: 17659: 17656: 17654: 17651: 17647: 17644: 17643: 17642: 17639: 17637: 17634: 17632: 17629: 17627: 17624: 17622: 17619: 17617: 17614: 17613: 17610: 17603: 17599: 17581: 17578: 17576: 17573: 17571: 17568: 17566: 17565:Rameshwar Kao 17563: 17561: 17558: 17556: 17553: 17551: 17550:Indira Gandhi 17548: 17547: 17545: 17541: 17535: 17532: 17530: 17527: 17525: 17522: 17520: 17517: 17515: 17512: 17510: 17507: 17505: 17502: 17500: 17497: 17495: 17492: 17490: 17487: 17485: 17482: 17480: 17477: 17475: 17472: 17470: 17469:K. P. Candeth 17467: 17465: 17462: 17460: 17457: 17455: 17452: 17450: 17449:Sam Manekshaw 17447: 17446: 17444: 17440: 17437: 17435:Indian allies 17433: 17423: 17420: 17418: 17415: 17413: 17410: 17408: 17405: 17403: 17400: 17398: 17395: 17393: 17390: 17388: 17385: 17384: 17382: 17378: 17372: 17369: 17367: 17364: 17362: 17359: 17357: 17354: 17352: 17349: 17347: 17344: 17342: 17339: 17337: 17334: 17332: 17329: 17327: 17324: 17322: 17319: 17317: 17314: 17312: 17309: 17307: 17304: 17303: 17301: 17297: 17294: 17290: 17280: 17277: 17275: 17272: 17270: 17267: 17265: 17262: 17260: 17257: 17255: 17252: 17250: 17247: 17245: 17242: 17240: 17237: 17235: 17232: 17230: 17227: 17225: 17222: 17220: 17217: 17216: 17214: 17210: 17204: 17203:Matiur Rahman 17201: 17199: 17196: 17194: 17191: 17189: 17188:Shafaat Jamil 17186: 17184: 17181: 17179: 17176: 17174: 17171: 17169: 17166: 17165: 17163: 17159: 17156: 17152: 17148: 17141: 17137: 17123: 17120: 17118: 17115: 17114: 17112: 17108: 17102: 17101: 17097: 17095: 17092: 17090: 17087: 17085: 17082: 17080: 17077: 17075: 17072: 17070: 17067: 17065: 17062: 17060: 17057: 17055: 17052: 17050: 17047: 17045: 17042: 17040: 17037: 17035: 17032: 17031: 17029: 17027: 17023: 17015: 17012: 17010: 17007: 17006: 17005: 17002: 17000: 16997: 16995: 16992: 16990: 16987: 16985: 16982: 16980: 16977: 16975: 16972: 16970: 16967: 16966: 16964: 16960: 16954: 16951: 16949: 16946: 16944: 16941: 16939: 16936: 16934: 16931: 16929: 16926: 16924: 16921: 16919: 16916: 16914: 16911: 16909: 16906: 16904: 16901: 16899: 16896: 16894: 16891: 16890: 16888: 16886:Major battles 16884: 16878: 16875: 16873: 16870: 16868: 16865: 16863: 16860: 16858: 16855: 16853: 16850: 16848: 16845: 16843: 16840: 16838: 16835: 16833: 16830: 16828: 16825: 16823: 16820: 16818: 16815: 16813: 16810: 16807: 16805: 16802: 16800: 16797: 16795: 16792: 16791: 16789: 16784:Campaigns and 16781: 16770: 16767: 16763: 16759: 16755: 16752: 16751: 16750: 16747: 16745: 16742: 16741: 16739: 16737:Indian allies 16735: 16729: 16726: 16724: 16721: 16719: 16716: 16714: 16711: 16709: 16706: 16702: 16698: 16694: 16690: 16687: 16686: 16685: 16682: 16681: 16679: 16677: 16673: 16667: 16666:Crack Platoon 16664: 16660: 16657: 16655: 16652: 16650: 16647: 16645: 16642: 16640: 16637: 16635: 16632: 16631: 16629: 16626: 16623: 16621: 16618: 16616: 16613: 16611: 16608: 16606: 16603: 16599: 16596: 16594: 16591: 16589: 16586: 16585: 16584: 16581: 16579: 16576: 16574: 16571: 16570: 16568: 16566: 16562: 16559: 16555: 16551: 16544: 16541: 16538: 16535: 16532: 16529: 16528: 16525: 16521: 16507: 16504: 16502: 16499: 16497: 16494: 16492: 16489: 16487: 16484: 16482: 16479: 16478: 16476: 16472: 16466: 16463: 16461: 16458: 16456: 16453: 16451: 16448: 16446: 16443: 16441: 16438: 16437: 16435: 16431: 16425: 16422: 16420: 16417: 16415: 16412: 16410: 16409:East Pakistan 16407: 16405: 16402: 16400: 16397: 16395: 16392: 16390: 16387: 16385: 16382: 16380: 16377: 16375: 16372: 16370: 16367: 16365: 16362: 16361: 16359: 16357:East Pakistan 16355: 16349: 16346: 16344: 16341: 16339: 16336: 16334: 16331: 16329: 16326: 16324: 16323:United Bengal 16321: 16319: 16316: 16314: 16311: 16309: 16306: 16304: 16301: 16299: 16296: 16294: 16291: 16290: 16288: 16284: 16278: 16275: 16273: 16270: 16268: 16265: 16263: 16260: 16258: 16255: 16253: 16250: 16248: 16245: 16244: 16242: 16238: 16234: 16227: 16223: 16216: 16213: 16211: 16207: 16203: 16202: 16198: 16194: 16189: 16180: 16175: 16173: 16168: 16166: 16161: 16160: 16157: 16145: 16142: 16140: 16137: 16135: 16132: 16130: 16127: 16125: 16122: 16120: 16117: 16115: 16112: 16110: 16107: 16106: 16104: 16100: 16094: 16091: 16089: 16086: 16085: 16083: 16079: 16073: 16070: 16068: 16065: 16064: 16062: 16058: 16052: 16051: 16047: 16045: 16042: 16040: 16039:Selina Parvin 16037: 16035: 16032: 16030: 16027: 16025: 16022: 16020: 16017: 16015: 16012: 16010: 16007: 16005: 16002: 16000: 15997: 15995: 15992: 15990: 15987: 15985: 15982: 15980: 15977: 15975: 15972: 15971: 15969: 15965: 15955: 15952: 15950: 15947: 15945: 15942: 15940: 15937: 15935: 15932: 15930: 15927: 15926: 15924: 15922: 15918: 15912: 15909: 15907: 15904: 15902: 15899: 15897: 15894: 15892: 15889: 15888: 15886: 15884: 15880: 15874: 15871: 15869: 15866: 15864: 15863:Karai Kadipur 15861: 15859: 15856: 15854: 15851: 15850: 15848: 15846: 15842: 15836: 15833: 15831: 15828: 15826: 15823: 15822: 15820: 15818: 15814: 15808: 15805: 15803: 15800: 15798: 15795: 15793: 15790: 15788: 15785: 15783: 15780: 15778: 15775: 15773: 15770: 15768: 15765: 15763: 15760: 15758: 15755: 15753: 15752:Ishangopalpur 15750: 15748: 15745: 15743: 15740: 15738: 15735: 15733: 15730: 15728: 15725: 15724: 15722: 15720: 15716: 15710: 15707: 15705: 15702: 15700: 15697: 15695: 15692: 15691: 15689: 15687: 15683: 15677: 15674: 15672: 15669: 15667: 15664: 15662: 15659: 15657: 15654: 15653: 15651: 15649: 15645: 15642: 15638: 15632: 15629: 15627: 15624: 15622: 15619: 15617: 15614: 15612: 15609: 15607: 15606:Pakistan Army 15604: 15603: 15601: 15599:Organizations 15597: 15587: 15584: 15582: 15579: 15577: 15574: 15572: 15569: 15567: 15564: 15562: 15559: 15557: 15554: 15552: 15549: 15547: 15544: 15542: 15539: 15537: 15534: 15533: 15531: 15527: 15521: 15518: 15516: 15513: 15511: 15508: 15507: 15505: 15501: 15498: 15494: 15490: 15483: 15478: 15476: 15471: 15469: 15464: 15463: 15460: 15444: 15441: 15439: 15436: 15434: 15431: 15429: 15426: 15424: 15421: 15419: 15416: 15414: 15411: 15410: 15408: 15406: 15402: 15396: 15393: 15391: 15388: 15386: 15383: 15381: 15378: 15376: 15373: 15372: 15370: 15368: 15364: 15358: 15355: 15353: 15350: 15348: 15345: 15343: 15340: 15339: 15337: 15335: 15331: 15328: 15322: 15312: 15309: 15307: 15304: 15302: 15299: 15297: 15294: 15292: 15289: 15287: 15284: 15282: 15279: 15277: 15274: 15273: 15271: 15267: 15261: 15258: 15256: 15253: 15251: 15248: 15246: 15245:A. Rahim Khan 15243: 15241: 15238: 15236: 15233: 15231: 15228: 15226: 15223: 15221: 15218: 15216: 15213: 15211: 15208: 15206: 15203: 15201: 15198: 15196: 15193: 15191: 15188: 15187: 15185: 15181: 15175: 15172: 15170: 15167: 15165: 15162: 15160: 15157: 15155: 15152: 15150: 15147: 15145: 15142: 15140: 15137: 15135: 15132: 15130: 15127: 15125: 15122: 15120: 15117: 15115: 15112: 15110: 15109:K. P. Candeth 15107: 15105: 15102: 15100: 15097: 15095: 15092: 15090: 15089:Sam Manekshaw 15087: 15085: 15084:Indira Gandhi 15082: 15080: 15077: 15076: 15074: 15070: 15067: 15063: 15057: 15054: 15052: 15049: 15047: 15044: 15042: 15039: 15036: 15035: 15033: 15029: 15023: 15022: 15018: 15016: 15013: 15011: 15010: 15005: 15003: 15000: 14998: 14995: 14993: 14992: 14987: 14985: 14984: 14979: 14977: 14974: 14972: 14969: 14967: 14964: 14962: 14959: 14957: 14954: 14952: 14951: 14946: 14944: 14941: 14939: 14936: 14934: 14931: 14929: 14926: 14925: 14923: 14919: 14913: 14910: 14908: 14905: 14903: 14900: 14898: 14895: 14893: 14890: 14888: 14887: 14882: 14880: 14877: 14875: 14872: 14870: 14867: 14865: 14864: 14859: 14857: 14854: 14852: 14849: 14847: 14844: 14842: 14839: 14837: 14834: 14833: 14831: 14827: 14823: 14816: 14811: 14809: 14804: 14802: 14797: 14796: 14793: 14785: 14781: 14777: 14775: 14772: 14770: 14767: 14765: 14762: 14760: 14757: 14755: 14751: 14749: 14745: 14743: 14740: 14738: 14735: 14733: 14730: 14728: 14725: 14723: 14720: 14717: 14713: 14710: 14708: 14705: 14703: 14700: 14698: 14695: 14694: 14685: 14681: 14677: 14675:9788170491248 14671: 14667: 14666: 14660: 14656: 14650: 14646: 14641: 14637: 14631: 14624: 14623: 14617: 14613: 14607: 14603: 14602: 14596: 14592: 14586: 14582: 14581: 14575: 14573: 14569: 14565: 14561: 14555: 14551: 14550: 14544: 14540: 14539: 14533: 14529: 14523: 14519: 14514: 14513: 14493: 14489: 14485: 14479: 14463: 14459: 14455: 14449: 14433: 14429: 14425: 14421: 14417: 14411: 14395: 14391: 14387: 14381: 14366: 14362: 14356: 14340: 14336: 14332: 14326: 14310: 14306: 14305: 14300: 14294: 14292: 14290: 14281: 14277: 14273: 14269: 14262: 14246: 14242: 14238: 14232: 14216: 14212: 14208: 14202: 14186: 14182: 14178: 14172: 14156: 14152: 14148: 14142: 14126: 14122: 14118: 14112: 14096: 14092: 14088: 14084: 14083:Habib, Haroon 14078: 14062: 14058: 14052: 14036: 14032: 14026: 14010: 14006: 14000: 13984: 13980: 13974: 13958: 13954: 13948: 13940: 13936: 13930: 13914: 13910: 13904: 13897: 13884: 13880: 13876: 13869: 13862: 13850: 13846: 13842: 13835: 13820: 13816: 13810: 13795: 13791: 13785: 13770: 13766: 13760: 13745: 13741: 13735: 13719: 13715: 13709: 13701: 13697: 13691: 13675: 13671: 13665: 13661: 13660: 13652: 13636: 13632: 13631: 13626: 13619: 13612: 13608: 13605: 13600: 13583: 13579: 13573: 13569: 13568: 13560: 13553: 13549: 13545: 13539: 13531: 13529:9780195076615 13525: 13521: 13520: 13512: 13496: 13492: 13488: 13482: 13466: 13462: 13456: 13448: 13442: 13438: 13434: 13428: 13412: 13408: 13404: 13398: 13382: 13378: 13374: 13368: 13352: 13348: 13342: 13326: 13322: 13318: 13311: 13295: 13291: 13287: 13281: 13265: 13261: 13257: 13251: 13235: 13231: 13227: 13221: 13219: 13202: 13198: 13192: 13188: 13187: 13179: 13172: 13168: 13165: 13161: 13157: 13154: 13149: 13140: 13124: 13120: 13114: 13110: 13109: 13101: 13099: 13082: 13078: 13074: 13067: 13065: 13048: 13044: 13040: 13033: 13017: 13013: 13009: 13002: 12986: 12982: 12980:9788170621331 12976: 12972: 12971: 12963: 12947: 12943: 12939: 12933: 12931: 12914: 12910: 12906: 12899: 12897: 12895: 12878: 12874: 12870: 12864: 12848: 12844: 12842:9780674419773 12838: 12834: 12833: 12825: 12809: 12805: 12804: 12796: 12777: 12773: 12766: 12759: 12757: 12755: 12738: 12734: 12730: 12724: 12716: 12709: 12693: 12689: 12685: 12679: 12663: 12659: 12655: 12649: 12633: 12629: 12623: 12619: 12618: 12610: 12594: 12590: 12584: 12580: 12579: 12571: 12555: 12551: 12545: 12541: 12540: 12532: 12516: 12512: 12506: 12502: 12501: 12493: 12477: 12473: 12469: 12463: 12447: 12443: 12439: 12433: 12426: 12422: 12418: 12414: 12411: 12405: 12389: 12385: 12381: 12375: 12359: 12355: 12349: 12345: 12344: 12336: 12328: 12322: 12318: 12314: 12313:Bose, Sarmila 12308: 12293: 12289: 12283: 12267: 12263: 12259: 12252: 12236: 12232: 12228: 12224: 12220: 12213: 12205: 12201: 12197: 12193: 12189: 12185: 12178: 12171: 12158: 12154: 12150: 12144: 12128: 12124: 12118: 12114: 12113: 12108: 12102: 12086: 12082: 12080:9781136902611 12076: 12073:. Routledge. 12072: 12071: 12063: 12047: 12043: 12041:9780981537894 12037: 12033: 12032: 12024: 12022: 12005: 12001: 11997: 11991: 11972: 11965: 11959: 11951: 11949:984-458-210-5 11945: 11941: 11934: 11918: 11914: 11908: 11904: 11903: 11895: 11879: 11875: 11869: 11865: 11864: 11859: 11853: 11838: 11832: 11828: 11827: 11822: 11816: 11800: 11796: 11792: 11786: 11778: 11772: 11768: 11761: 11745: 11741: 11737: 11731: 11715: 11711: 11704: 11695: 11687: 11681: 11677: 11676: 11668: 11660: 11654: 11650: 11646: 11640: 11638: 11630: 11624: 11608: 11604: 11602:9781940988221 11598: 11594: 11593: 11585: 11569: 11565: 11563:9780521539067 11559: 11555: 11554: 11546: 11530: 11526: 11524:9781136904196 11520: 11517:. Routledge. 11516: 11515: 11507: 11491: 11487: 11483: 11477: 11461: 11457: 11453: 11447: 11431: 11427: 11423: 11417: 11410: 11397: 11393: 11387: 11383: 11382: 11374: 11367: 11355: 11351: 11345: 11341: 11340: 11332: 11324: 11320: 11319:Baxter, Craig 11314: 11299: 11295: 11291: 11287: 11283: 11279: 11275: 11271: 11264: 11248: 11244: 11243: 11235: 11219: 11215: 11209: 11205: 11204: 11196: 11194: 11185: 11183:9781850437031 11179: 11174: 11173: 11164: 11156: 11155: 11148: 11141: 11128: 11124: 11118: 11114: 11113: 11105: 11103: 11095: 11090: 11083: 11076: 11063: 11059: 11058: 11050: 11042: 11040:9780674731295 11036: 11032: 11028: 11024: 11018: 11002: 10998: 10992: 10988: 10987: 10982: 10976: 10960: 10956: 10952: 10946: 10930: 10926: 10920: 10916: 10915: 10908: 10892: 10888: 10884: 10878: 10862: 10858: 10854: 10848: 10832: 10828: 10824: 10818: 10799: 10796:. p. 7. 10795: 10788: 10782: 10766: 10762: 10760:9789382573418 10756: 10752: 10751: 10743: 10727: 10723: 10717: 10701: 10697: 10695:9781440800023 10691: 10687: 10686: 10678: 10662: 10658: 10652: 10636: 10632: 10626: 10624: 10607: 10603: 10601:9780231540254 10597: 10593: 10592: 10584: 10582: 10580: 10578: 10569: 10563: 10559: 10552: 10536: 10532: 10530:9788171569120 10526: 10522: 10521: 10513: 10505: 10501: 10497: 10493: 10489: 10485: 10478: 10470: 10463: 10447: 10443: 10441:9781137548627 10437: 10433: 10432: 10424: 10422: 10405: 10401: 10397: 10391: 10375: 10371: 10367: 10361: 10345: 10341: 10337: 10331: 10315: 10311: 10307: 10301: 10285: 10281: 10275: 10272:. Routledge. 10271: 10270: 10262: 10246: 10242: 10238: 10232: 10226: 10222: 10219: 10216: 10204: 10200: 10196: 10190: 10183: 10171: 10167: 10163: 10156: 10140: 10136: 10130: 10126: 10125: 10117: 10109: 10103: 10098: 10097: 10088: 10080: 10076: 10072: 10066: 10050: 10046: 10040: 10036: 10035: 10027: 10025: 10008: 10004: 9998: 9994: 9993: 9988: 9982: 9966: 9962: 9960:9780816607204 9956: 9952: 9951: 9943: 9927: 9923: 9921:9781631440397 9917: 9913: 9912: 9904: 9888: 9884: 9880: 9874: 9858: 9854: 9850: 9843: 9827: 9823: 9822: 9817: 9811: 9809: 9792: 9788: 9787: 9786:Russia Beyond 9782: 9775: 9759: 9755: 9748: 9732: 9728: 9724: 9717: 9702: 9700:9781473874633 9696: 9691: 9690: 9681: 9679: 9677: 9675: 9673: 9671: 9669: 9667: 9665: 9663: 9661: 9644: 9640: 9636: 9629: 9613: 9609: 9603: 9587: 9583: 9579: 9573: 9567: 9566:969-0-01892-2 9563: 9557: 9550: 9544: 9537: 9533: 9527: 9523: 9519: 9513: 9511: 9494: 9490: 9486: 9480: 9465:on 8 May 2010 9461: 9457: 9450: 9448: 9440: 9424: 9420: 9414: 9398: 9394: 9390: 9384: 9376: 9372: 9371: 9366: 9360: 9352: 9346: 9342: 9335: 9319: 9315: 9309: 9293: 9289: 9285: 9278: 9262: 9258: 9254: 9248: 9232: 9228: 9226:9781848322158 9222: 9218: 9217: 9209: 9201: 9199:0-7146-5542-2 9195: 9191: 9187: 9181: 9162: 9158: 9156:1-897829-02-7 9152: 9145: 9144: 9136: 9134: 9132: 9130: 9113: 9109: 9103: 9099: 9098: 9090: 9074: 9070: 9066: 9059: 9043: 9039: 9038: 9033: 9026: 9009: 9005: 8999: 8995: 8994: 8986: 8984: 8967: 8963: 8961:9788122311112 8957: 8953: 8952: 8944: 8942: 8940: 8938: 8936: 8934: 8925: 8921: 8915: 8909: 8905: 8902: 8898: 8893: 8885: 8883:9781472810946 8879: 8875: 8874: 8866: 8851: 8847: 8841: 8835:p. 42, Sharma 8832: 8817: 8813: 8807: 8792: 8788: 8782: 8775:(3): 932–934. 8774: 8770: 8766: 8759: 8751: 8747: 8740: 8733:(3): 932–934. 8732: 8728: 8724: 8717: 8701: 8697: 8691: 8676: 8672: 8665: 8649: 8645: 8643:9780313346972 8639: 8635: 8634: 8626: 8611: 8609:9781897829370 8605: 8601: 8600: 8592: 8585: 8584:public domain 8566: 8562: 8558: 8554: 8550: 8546: 8545: 8537: 8521: 8517: 8513: 8507: 8491: 8487: 8482: 8475: 8473: 8465: 8459: 8443: 8439: 8434: 8427: 8425: 8423: 8407: 8401: 8397: 8396: 8388: 8386: 8369: 8365: 8359: 8340: 8336: 8329: 8328:"Crush India" 8323: 8307: 8303: 8297: 8281: 8277: 8276: 8269: 8267: 8258: 8256:0-520-07665-6 8252: 8248: 8244: 8238: 8230: 8228:0-520-07665-6 8224: 8220: 8216: 8210: 8194: 8190: 8184: 8168: 8164: 8160: 8154: 8152: 8135: 8131: 8127: 8120: 8104: 8100: 8096: 8089: 8081: 8079:0-520-07665-6 8075: 8071: 8067: 8061: 8054: 8048: 8032: 8028: 8027:The Economist 8024: 8018: 8016: 8014: 8012: 7995: 7991: 7987: 7980: 7964: 7960: 7959: 7954: 7947: 7931: 7927: 7923: 7922: 7917: 7911: 7904: 7891: 7887: 7886: 7878: 7862: 7858: 7854: 7848: 7841: 7837: 7833: 7829: 7825: 7821: 7814: 7812: 7803: 7797: 7793: 7786: 7771: 7765: 7761: 7760: 7752: 7736: 7732: 7728: 7722: 7706: 7702: 7701: 7693: 7677: 7673: 7669: 7663: 7661: 7643: 7638: 7634: 7628: 7626: 7618: 7614: 7611: 7605: 7603: 7586: 7582: 7577: 7570: 7568: 7566: 7549: 7545: 7539: 7535: 7531: 7527: 7520: 7518: 7516: 7514: 7512: 7510: 7501: 7495: 7491: 7484: 7476: 7470: 7466: 7459: 7443: 7439: 7433: 7429: 7428: 7420: 7404: 7400: 7394: 7391:. Wajidalis. 7390: 7389: 7381: 7373: 7367: 7363: 7358: 7357: 7348: 7340: 7334: 7330: 7323: 7315: 7311: 7310: 7305: 7298: 7290: 7284: 7280: 7276: 7275:D'Costa, Bina 7270: 7268: 7266: 7249: 7245: 7241: 7234: 7218: 7214: 7208: 7204: 7203: 7195: 7193: 7191: 7174: 7170: 7168:9780330540209 7164: 7160: 7159: 7151: 7143: 7137: 7133: 7126: 7119: 7106: 7102: 7096: 7092: 7091: 7083: 7067: 7063: 7059: 7053: 7037: 7033: 7029: 7023: 7007: 7003: 7001:9781625133212 6997: 6993: 6992: 6984: 6968: 6964: 6958: 6954: 6953: 6945: 6943: 6941: 6932: 6926: 6922: 6915: 6907: 6901: 6897: 6893: 6886: 6878: 6872: 6868: 6864: 6857: 6849: 6845: 6841: 6837: 6833: 6829: 6822: 6815: 6811: 6807: 6803: 6800: 6797:, Chapter 8, 6796: 6795:3-8258-4010-7 6792: 6788: 6784: 6781: 6775: 6765: 6758: 6754: 6751: 6745: 6729: 6725: 6719: 6715: 6711: 6707: 6700: 6684: 6680: 6678:9781317684862 6674: 6670: 6669: 6661: 6653: 6647: 6643: 6639: 6633: 6631: 6629: 6627: 6625: 6608: 6604: 6600: 6594: 6575: 6571: 6567: 6563: 6559: 6555: 6551: 6544: 6537: 6522: 6520:9780816607204 6516: 6511: 6510: 6501: 6499: 6482: 6478: 6477: 6472: 6466: 6450: 6446: 6445: 6439: 6432: 6430: 6428: 6426: 6424: 6422: 6420: 6418: 6402:on 1 May 2009 6401: 6397: 6391: 6375: 6371: 6365: 6349: 6345: 6341: 6335: 6319: 6315: 6311: 6305: 6289: 6285: 6279: 6260: 6253: 6247: 6245: 6236: 6229: 6213: 6209: 6203: 6195: 6191: 6187: 6181: 6174: 6173:1-904687-26-1 6170: 6166: 6161: 6159: 6157: 6155: 6138: 6134: 6132:9788132105428 6128: 6124: 6123: 6115: 6108: 6103: 6099: 6095: 6089: 6087: 6071: 6065: 6061: 6057: 6050: 6048: 6046: 6044: 6042: 6040: 6032: 6028: 6022: 6019:. Routledge. 6018: 6011: 6004: 6000: 5996: 5992: 5988: 5984: 5980: 5973: 5957: 5953: 5947: 5943: 5942: 5934: 5932: 5915: 5911: 5905: 5901: 5900: 5892: 5884: 5878: 5874: 5873: 5865: 5863: 5847: 5845:9781860648984 5841: 5836: 5835: 5826: 5824: 5808: 5806:9788170247524 5802: 5797: 5796: 5787: 5785: 5776: 5770: 5766: 5759: 5757: 5746: 5739: 5733: 5726: 5720: 5713: 5709: 5703: 5699: 5694: 5693: 5684: 5677: 5673: 5667: 5663: 5658: 5657: 5648: 5641: 5637: 5631: 5627: 5622: 5621: 5612: 5608: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5585: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5459: 5458: 5455: 5454: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5429: 5420: 5416: 5415: 5409: 5405: 5404: 5400: 5399: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5375: 5374: 5365: 5364:Sam Manekshaw 5361: 5360: 5356: 5353: 5349: 5348: 5344: 5341: 5340: 5336: 5333: 5332: 5328: 5325: 5324: 5320: 5317: 5313: 5312: 5308: 5305: 5301: 5300:Sankalp Reddy 5297: 5296: 5292: 5289: 5288: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5275: 5272: 5268: 5264: 5263: 5259: 5256: 5252: 5251: 5247: 5244: 5240: 5236: 5232: 5231: 5227: 5224: 5223:love triangle 5220: 5219: 5215: 5212: 5208: 5204: 5200: 5199: 5195: 5192: 5188: 5184: 5180: 5176: 5172: 5168: 5164: 5163: 5162:Ora Egaro Jon 5159: 5158: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5138: 5134: 5130: 5126: 5122: 5118: 5115: 5111: 5108: 5104: 5100: 5096: 5092: 5088: 5085: 5081: 5078: 5074: 5070: 5066: 5062: 5061:Sheikh Hasina 5059: 5055: 5054:Zillur Rahman 5052: 5047: 5045: 5041: 5037: 5033: 5029: 5026: 5022: 5018: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4938: 4937:Rashid Minhas 4935: 4933: 4932:Pilot Officer 4930: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4909: 4895: 4892: 4881: 4878: 4875: 4872: 4871:Matiur Rahman 4869: 4866: 4863: 4859: 4856: 4855:Mostafa Kamal 4853: 4850: 4847: 4844: 4841: 4838: 4835: 4832: 4829: 4826: 4823: 4822: 4821: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4781:Hoshiar Singh 4779: 4777: 4774: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4733: 4719: 4716: 4708: 4706: 4702: 4698: 4684: 4681: 4678: 4675: 4672: 4669: 4666: 4663: 4660: 4657: 4654: 4651: 4648: 4645: 4642: 4639: 4636: 4633: 4630: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4620: 4601: 4600: 4595: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4572: 4571: 4566: 4563: 4562: 4556: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4532: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4516: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4489: 4487: 4486:Indira Gandhi 4484: 4480: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4455: 4451: 4441: 4439: 4434: 4432: 4426: 4424: 4423:Pakistan Navy 4420: 4416: 4411: 4405: 4403: 4402: 4397: 4393: 4392: 4386: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4355: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4338: 4337:Chief Justice 4334: 4328: 4324: 4309: 4307: 4301: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4276:In 2010, the 4274: 4270: 4267: 4261: 4259: 4258:Bengali Hindu 4255: 4251: 4247: 4246: 4241: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4210: 4200: 4198: 4193: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4150: 4146: 4141: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4113: 4108: 4106: 4094: 4089: 4087: 4081: 4076: 4074: 4070: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4045: 4043: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4018:point of view 4016: 4011: 4002: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3987: 3983: 3977: 3972: 3968: 3966: 3960: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3939: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3920: 3918: 3914: 3909: 3907: 3903: 3888: 3886: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3869:East Pakistan 3866: 3856: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3823: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3807: 3803: 3799: 3798:United States 3795: 3785: 3783: 3782:East Pakistan 3779: 3775: 3771: 3765: 3755: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3742:of Pakistani 3741: 3737: 3733: 3728: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3692: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3677: 3676:imperialistic 3673: 3663: 3661: 3655: 3652: 3648: 3643: 3640: 3636: 3633: 3628: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3601: 3599: 3598: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3583:Bay of Bengal 3580: 3579: 3574: 3571:, led by the 3570: 3569:Task Force 74 3565: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3546: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3525:and where he 3524: 3523: 3522:rapprochement 3518: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3503:. During the 3502: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3489:Richard Nixon 3485: 3483: 3482: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3463: 3461: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3433: 3428: 3409: 3406: 3403: 3402: 3399: 3396: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3384: 3381: 3378: 3377:Major-General 3375: 3372: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3360: 3357: 3354: 3353:Air Commodore 3351: 3348: 3346: 3335: 3334: 3331: 3328: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3316: 3315:Pakistan Navy 3312: 3308: 3307: 3304: 3301: 3298: 3295: 3293: 3292:Pakistan Army 3282: 3281: 3277: 3274: 3271: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3252: 3250: 3246: 3241: 3239: 3234: 3229: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3216: 3212: 3211:anti-Pakistan 3208: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3189: 3186:commanders - 3185: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3167: 3163: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3138: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3120: 3115: 3108: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3069: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3046: 3044: 3041: 3037: 3034:owned by the 3033: 3029: 3028:DHC-4 Caribou 3026: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3005: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2981: 2972: 2970: 2965: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2952: 2948: 2945:In the east, 2943: 2941: 2936: 2931: 2924: 2919: 2914: 2904: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2875: 2871: 2870: 2863: 2859: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2842: 2838: 2833: 2831: 2830:Visakhapatnam 2827: 2823: 2822: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2807: 2801: 2800:Bay of Bengal 2797: 2793: 2789: 2784: 2782: 2778: 2777: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2762:Styx missiles 2759: 2755: 2754: 2749: 2748: 2741: 2739: 2738: 2732: 2731: 2725: 2724: 2718: 2717: 2712: 2708: 2707: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2693: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2675: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2664:Pakistan Navy 2661: 2654: 2653:East Pakistan 2650: 2646: 2645:Bay of Bengal 2642: 2638: 2634: 2627: 2623: 2622:Visakhapatnam 2619: 2615: 2614: 2607: 2602: 2592: 2590: 2585: 2583: 2578: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2559: 2553: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2530: 2528: 2519: 2513:Eastern Front 2510: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2495: 2493: 2488: 2485:commanded by 2484: 2480: 2476: 2471: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2460:Hawker Hunter 2456: 2452: 2447: 2445: 2440: 2436: 2431: 2428: 2421:Western Front 2418: 2416: 2412: 2411:western front 2408: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2387: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2367: 2359: 2357: 2352: 2350: 2345: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2308: 2306: 2305: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2283: 2279: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2248: 2243: 2241: 2236: 2233: 2229: 2219: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2208:national poet 2205: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2190:by Pakistani 2189: 2185: 2181: 2180: 2175: 2170: 2167: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2156:Sam Manekshaw 2153: 2149: 2148:Union cabinet 2144: 2143:Indira Gandhi 2140: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2124: 2122: 2121:refugee camps 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2095:to allow the 2094: 2090: 2086: 2085:Bengali Hindu 2082: 2078: 2074: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2050: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2007: 2005: 2000: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1989:Eastern India 1986: 1982: 1977: 1975: 1971: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1955: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1938:endorsed the 1937: 1932: 1930: 1926: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1901:, and a near- 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1879: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1860:West Pakistan 1857: 1853: 1848: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1767: 1765: 1761: 1758: 1754: 1749: 1747: 1742: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1683:East Pakistan 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1651: 1648: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1637: 1636: 1635: 1629: 1626: 1624: 1621: 1619: 1616: 1614: 1611: 1609: 1606: 1604: 1601: 1599: 1596: 1595: 1594: 1593: 1587: 1584: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1574: 1573: 1572: 1571: 1565: 1564:2008 standoff 1562: 1560: 1557: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1531: 1530: 1529: 1523: 1518: 1508: 1503: 1501: 1496: 1494: 1489: 1488: 1485: 1475: 1472: 1460: 1457: 1455: 1452: 1450: 1447: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1437: 1435: 1432: 1431: 1430: 1429: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1382:Shankharipara 1380: 1378: 1375: 1374: 1371: 1368: 1367: 1363: 1360: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1301: 1297: 1295: 1294: 1290: 1288: 1287: 1282: 1280: 1279: 1275: 1273: 1272: 1268: 1266: 1265: 1261: 1260: 1257: 1254: 1253: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1241: 1239: 1238:Belonia Bulge 1236: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1213: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1172: 1168: 1166: 1165: 1161: 1159: 1158: 1154: 1153: 1150: 1147: 1146: 1143: 1137: 1126: 1121: 1119: 1114: 1112: 1107: 1106: 1103: 1087: 1084: 1083: 1080: 1077: 1075: 1072: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1054: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1012: 1007: 1005: 1004: 1000: 999: 998: 997: 994: 993:Eastern Front 991: 990: 985: 984: 980: 978: 977: 973: 971: 968: 966: 963: 961: 958: 956: 953: 951: 948: 946: 945: 941: 940: 939: 938: 935:Western Front 934: 933: 928: 922: 911: 906: 904: 899: 897: 892: 891: 888: 878: 874: 873: 872: 867: 863: 862: 861: 855: 853: 849: 848: 847: 841: 838: 837: 836: 835: 830: 825: 819: 814: 803: 791: 787: 783: 782: 781: 776: 772: 771: 770: 764: 762: 758: 757: 756: 750: 748: 744: 742: 738: 737: 736: 731: 719: 718: 713: 709: 706: 704: 700: 697: 694: 692: 688: 687: 682: 678: 673: 668: 663: 660: 655: 643: 638: 627: 616: 615:Leslie Norman 605: 593: 588: 577: 566: 555: 553: 547: 536: 525: 513: 508: 497: 492: 486: 483: 482: 477: 471: 466: 459: 457: 453: 448: 447:Pratap C. Lal 444: 439: 435: 430: 426: 421: 417: 412: 408: 403: 399: 394: 390: 385: 381: 376: 375:Sam Manekshaw 372: 367: 362: 356: 355:Indira Gandhi 351: 345: 344: 339: 333: 322: 321: 319: 314: 309: 304: 302: 291: 290: 288: 287: 282: 272: 268: 265: 261: 260: 259: 254: 250: 249: 248: 245: 240: 239: 232: 226: 223: 220: 219: 213: 212:Bay of Bengal 210: 208: 205: 203: 200: 198: 195: 193: 190: 188: 185: 184: 181: 178: 177: 171: 168: 167: 163: 158: 154: 150: 146: 142: 138: 135: 131: 128: 124: 121: 117: 114: 108: 104: 100: 96: 93: 89: 85: 81: 77: 74: 67: 62: 59: 55: 51: 46: 41: 38: 36: 33: 19: 19977: 19737:Soviet Union 19459:South Africa 19320:Yemen crisis 19002:Other topics 18927:Active Ships 18839: 18831: 18813:Insurgencies 18791: 18782: 18758: 18750: 18732: 18694:Congo Crisis 18653: 18594:Cactus-Lilly 18593: 18585: 18143:Ministry and 18136:Organisation 17575:Jagjivan Ram 17570:Swaran Singh 17514:Sartaj Singh 17361:Inamul Haque 17274:M. A. Hannan 17173:Ziaur Rahman 17099: 16962:Other events 16769:Mitro Bahini 16654:Afsar Bahini 16649:Baten Bahini 16644:Kader Bahini 16639:Mujib Bahini 16578:Mukti Bahini 16394:United Front 16389:Awami League 16048: 15999:Harinath Dey 15974:Altaf Mahmud 15699:Muzaffarabad 15496:Perpetrators 15405:Bir Sreshtho 15301:Ziaur Rahman 15240:Rashid Ahmed 15154:Sartaj Singh 15020: 15008: 14990: 14982: 14950:Chengiz Khan 14949: 14902:Mitro Bahini 14885: 14874:Mukti Bahini 14862: 14821: 14783: 14750:By Ayaz Amir 14747: 14683: 14664: 14644: 14621: 14600: 14579: 14567: 14548: 14537: 14517: 14496:. Retrieved 14487: 14478: 14466:. Retrieved 14457: 14448: 14436:. Retrieved 14419: 14410: 14398:. Retrieved 14389: 14380: 14368:. Retrieved 14364: 14355: 14343:. Retrieved 14334: 14325: 14313:. Retrieved 14302: 14271: 14268:India Review 14267: 14261: 14249:. Retrieved 14240: 14231: 14219:. Retrieved 14210: 14201: 14189:. Retrieved 14180: 14171: 14159:. Retrieved 14155:the original 14150: 14141: 14129:. 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Krishnan 71:First row: 20032:Categories 19785:Separatism 19747:Yugoslavia 19707:Bangladesh 19694:Historical 19439:by country 19437:Secessions 19247:Soviet War 18838:Operation 18830:Operation 18790:Operation 18781:Operation 18757:Operation 18749:Operation 18731:Operation 18652:Operation 18637:Korean War 18607:Kargil War 18592:Operation 18584:Operation 18522:Operations 18050:Leadership 17899:Categories 17720:Categories 17646:War Report 17555:V. V. Giri 17422:Tridev Roy 17417:J.A. Rahim 17397:Nurul Amin 17341:A.O. Mitha 17321:A.K. Niazi 17316:S.M. Ahsan 17311:Tikka Khan 17306:Yahya Khan 17154:Bangladesh 16808:Cable 1971 16565:Bangladesh 16557:Combatants 16530:Combatants 16277:Joy Bangla 16240:Philosophy 16014:Laxman Das 15949:Makalkandi 15944:Krishnapur 15797:Sree Angan 15782:Satanikhil 15767:Madhyapara 15671:Ketnar Bil 15515:Tikka Khan 15510:Yahya Khan 15503:Organizers 15269:Bangladesh 15250:Tikka Khan 15230:Gul Hassan 15195:Nurul Amin 15190:Yahya Khan 15079:V. V. Giri 15041:Six-points 15037:Cable 1971 14989:Operation 14948:Operation 14884:Operation 14861:Operation 14498:27 October 14400:16 October 14345:16 October 14274:(3): 429. 14161:17 October 13680:3 November 13567:Ghost Wars 13417:20 October 13377:Rediff.com 13331:27 October 13300:27 October 13207:18 October 13129:18 October 12472:Al Jazeera 12364:7 February 12272:20 October 11842:1 December 11750:20 October 11720:20 October 11613:7 November 11574:7 November 11535:7 November 11094:60 wounded 11007:12 October 10981:Bass, Gary 10827:The Island 10350:20 October 10241:Rediff.com 9863:20 October 9797:27 October 9764:25 January 9592:20 October 9393:Rediff.com 9288:pakdef.org 9267:20 October 8526:20 October 8496:20 October 8448:20 October 8411:4 December 8374:20 October 7969:4 December 7936:4 December 7903:locations. 7867:20 October 7741:20 October 7682:20 October 7649:20 October 7591:20 October 7223:9 December 6814:Bangladesh 6556:(4): 398. 6324:20 October 6075:8 December 6026:1134407572 5985:(3): 191. 5604:References 5516:Tridev Roy 5316:Major Ravi 5241:fought in 5171:Dhallywood 5169:), a 1972 5044:Padma Shri 5032:O. P. Bahl 4992:Lance Naik 4877:Lance Naik 4834:Lance Naik 4816:Bangladesh 4736:Lance Naik 4673:Parbat Ali 4661:Gadra City 4581:groups in 4570:Ghost Wars 4565:Steve Coll 4527:since the 4383:classified 4371:Top Secret 4286:war crimes 4215:Bangladesh 4203:Bangladesh 4137:Rao Farman 4105:Tikka Khan 3873:Golda Meir 3788:Arab World 3762:See also: 3752:Bangladesh 3732:Bangladesh 3689:Tikka Khan 3625:Enterprise 3613:destroyers 3587:Enterprise 3578:Enterprise 3356:Inamul Haq 3238:Bangladesh 3191:Shafiullah 2897:Madhumathi 2723:Shah Jahan 2683:S.N. Kohli 2558:blitzkrieg 2473:Pakistani 2316:Initiation 2264:Rawalpindi 2252:propaganda 2247:jingoistic 2192:Sabre jets 2164:guerrillas 2073:S.M. Ahsan 1985:Tikka Khan 1959:Chittagong 1891:Six Points 1864:Yahya Khan 1847:cultures. 1833:Yahya Khan 1822:mass riots 1770:Background 1723:Bangladesh 1554:Kargil War 1412:Madhyapara 813:destroyers 637:Inamul Haq 587:Md Shariff 535:Tikka Khan 524:Rao Farman 496:Yahya Khan 384:J.S. Arora 253:Bangladesh 130:H.C. Dewan 101:of Indian 30:See also: 19929:Incidents 19780:Secession 19654:Australia 19526:Indonesia 19514:Khalistan 19482:Hong Kong 19395:Venezuela 19334:Worldwide 19262:1996-2001 19087:Air Force 18986:Documents 18951:Air Force 18873:Equipment 18832:Blue Star 18675:2016–2018 18670:2014–2015 18625:Conflicts 18623:External 18569:Naval War 18542:1947–1948 18490:Air Force 18465:Personnel 18369:Air Force 18057:President 17916:Aftermath 17606:Aftermath 17459:P. C. Lal 17371:K.M. Arif 16762:Air Force 16697:Air Force 16545:Massacres 16533:Campaigns 16272:Bangamata 15929:Adityapur 15825:Chuknagar 15709:Bakhrabad 15676:Suryamani 15640:Massacres 15529:Executors 15311:Abu Taher 15099:P. C. 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