27:
93:
358:, having been denied opportunities for the democratic opposition, took to the streets. It demanded full integration of the state with India to ensure the "legitimate democratic rights of the people" against the "anti-Dogra government of Sheikh Abdullah". The conflict with the Praja Parishad eventually led to the termination of Sheikh Abdullah's rule.
712:, pp. 54–55: "It was partly in response to their campaign that Sheikh Abdullah began to emphasize the option of Kashmir’s independence, leading to his arrest in 1953 and the installation of a more pliant government which gave its consent to the extension of most of the Indian constitution to Jammu and Kashmir."
322:
The elections were conducted by the State's election and franchise commissioner. The process of elections was highly irregular. All the 43 seats allocated to
Kashmir went to the National Conference candidates, who were elected unopposed a week before the date of the elections. In Jammu, 13 candidates
327:
had their nominations rejected. Praja
Parishad then boycotted the elections, alleging the Government's illegal practices and official interference. Two independent candidates dropped out at the last moment, giving a clean sweep to the National Conference. In Ladakh, the Head Lama, Kushak Bakula and
285:
Pakistan immediately raised a complaint in the United
Nations Security Council stating that India was convening a Constituent Assembly to "ratify the formal accession of the State to India" in contravention of the Security Council resolutions. India reassured all parties that the decision of the
297:
issued a proclamation announcing the elections for the
Constituent Assembly based on the adult franchise by secret ballot. The elections took place in September–October 1951. The Constituent Assembly was to have a nominal membership of 100 members, of which 25 seats were allocated to
421:
Following intense frictions with the Jammu Praja
Parishad in Jammu and the Head Lama Kushak Bakula of Ladakh, as well as ongoing frictions with the Union government, Sheikh Abdullah was dismissed from the post of prime minister by the
350:
that Ghulam
Mohiuddin Karra's group in the Kashmir Valley should be allowed to function as an opposition group in the state. While Nehru agreed with the principle he stated that nothing should be done to weaken Sheikh Abdullah.
887:
882:
240:. Following the cease-fire achieved on 1 January 1948, Sheikh Abdullah was appointed as the Prime Minister of the state on 5 March 1948. He chose an eight-member Cabinet, with the other members being:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1092:
1087:
1082:
700:: "The agitation of the Jammu Praja Parishad in 1952-53 against the special status of the state is generally acknowledged to be the cause of Sheikh Abdullah's final breach with New Delhi."
290:
and reminded both the Indian and
Pakistani governments of the past resolutions of the Security Council and affirmed that the decisions of the Constituent Assembly would not be binding.
472:
Bakshi Ghulam
Mohammad continued as the prime minister for the remaining six-year term of the Constituent Assembly. The Assembly continued with its mission of formulating the
1175:
857:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
51:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
450:
1170:
282:, the party of Sheikh Abdullah, announced on 27 October 1950 its decision to convene a Constituent Assembly for the state of Jammu and Kashmir.
287:
286:
Constituent
Assembly would not affect India's commitments in the Security Council. The Security Council took note of the development in its
990:
985:
980:
221:
41:
379:
stepped down from his
Cabinet duties to serve as the Chairman of the Constituent Assembly. The remaining members of the Cabinet were:
850:
183:
972:
279:
169:
154:
117:
65:
797:
733:
648:
608:
843:
338:
states that the manner of elections indicated that the National Conference elites wanted to govern Jammu and Kashmir as a
1180:
218:
194:
777:
473:
1165:
874:
331:
Thus, the National Conference won all the 75 seats to the Constituent Assembly, which convened on 31 October 1951.
190:
866:
1074:
683:
225:
371:
Sheikh Abdullah continued as the Prime Minister of the State. Two members of the erstwhile Cabinet from the
637:"Enlightened democracy: Normative secularism and spiritual authority on the margins of Indian politics"
237:
201:
was appointed Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir. Following frictions with various groups such as the
641:
Varieties of Secularism in Asia: Anthropological Explorations of Religion, Politics and the Spiritual
661:
659:
469:
Kushak Bakula was appointed as a deputy minister and he pledged his support for the new government.
413:, Mubarak Shah, Major Piara Singh and Ghulam Mohiuddin Hamdani were appointed as Deputy Ministers.
1102:
656:
616:
1160:
438:
431:
389:
244:
206:
598:
723:
636:
578:
566:
444:
376:
259:
430:
in August 1953. Abdullah was also arrested on conspiracy charges. The deputy prime minister
355:
324:
202:
8:
92:
1141:
692:
456:
403:
268:
793:
773:
729:
644:
604:
828:
823:
815:
347:
303:
835:
787:
767:
395:
383:
250:
229:
198:
165:
150:
105:
762:
665:
622:
584:
572:
476:, which was adopted on 17 November 1956, coming into effect on 26 January 1957.
521:
462:
372:
311:
233:
554:
302:
under Pakistani control (which were never filled). Of the remaining 75 seats,
1154:
819:
806:
Tillin, Louise (2006), "Unite in Diversity? Asymmetry in Indian Federalism",
763:
544:
542:
540:
538:
536:
335:
741:
299:
533:
509:
497:
485:
346:, journalist and secular activist from Jammu, is said to have argued with
678:
427:
343:
339:
294:
696:
410:
328:
an associate won seats, as nominal members of the National Conference.
805:
709:
232:
as the Head of Emergency Administration, who ran the affairs in the
434:
was sworn in as the next prime minister. His Cabinet consisted of:
224:
to the Union of India on 26 October 1947. Shortly afterwards, the
205:
agitation, Abdullah was dismissed in August 1953 and imprisoned.
307:
187:
785:
747:
600:
Electoral Politics and General Elections in India, 1952-1998
560:
548:
527:
515:
503:
491:
342:. Their slogan was "One Leader, One Party, One Programme".
265:
Shyam Lal Saraf – Civil Supplies and Local Self-Government
375:, Sardar Budh Singh and Pir Mohammad Khan were dropped.
666:
Bose, Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace 2003
623:
Bose, Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace 2003
585:
Bose, Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace 2003
573:
Bose, Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace 2003
19:
1951 Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly election
865:
416:
1152:
639:, in Nils Ole Bubandt; Martijn Van Beek (eds.),
141:
628:
1176:State Assembly elections in Jammu and Kashmir
851:
256:Sardar Budh Singh – Health and Rehabilitation
681:(February 1974), "Schizophrenia in Jammu?",
710:Tillin, Asymmetry in Indian Federalism 2006
366:
858:
844:
769:Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace
209:was appointed as the next prime minister.
827:
715:
634:
361:
280:Jammu & Kashmir National Conference
1171:1951 State Assembly elections in India
1153:
603:, Mittal Publications, pp. 101–,
66:Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly
839:
721:
596:
197:were held in September–October 1951.
677:
13:
808:Publius: The Journal of Federalism
14:
1192:
786:Das Gupta, Jyoti Bhusan (2012) ,
748:Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir 2012
728:, Allied Publishers, p. 53,
561:Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir 2012
549:Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir 2012
528:Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir 2012
516:Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir 2012
504:Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir 2012
492:Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir 2012
91:
25:
756:
703:
671:
417:Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad ministry
317:
293:On 30 April, the Prince Regent
867:Elections in Jammu and Kashmir
590:
146:Prime Minister before election
69:38 seats needed for a majority
1:
684:Economic and Political Weekly
479:
274:Pir Mohammad Khan – Education
226:Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir
212:
772:, Harvard University Press,
7:
10:
1197:
1181:1950s in Jammu and Kashmir
722:Qāsim, Sayyid Mīr (1992),
635:van Beek, Martijn (2012),
238:Indo-Pakistani War of 1947
1138:
1101:
1073:
1066:
971:
873:
643:, Routledge, p. 87,
139:
73:
62:
35:
23:
367:Sheikh Abdullah ministry
306:was allocated 43 seats,
288:30 March 1951 resolution
1166:1951 elections in India
392:– Deputy Prime Minister
247:– Deputy Prime Minister
829:10.1093/publius/pjl017
820:10.1093/publius/pjl017
439:Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad
432:Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad
390:Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad
245:Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad
217:The princely state of
207:Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad
161:Elected Prime Minister
47:September–October 1951
597:Ahuja, M. L. (1998),
445:Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq
377:Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq
260:Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq
973:Legislative Assembly
530:, pp. 163, 185.
362:Government formation
356:Jammu Praja Parishad
325:Jammu Praja Parishad
203:Jammu Praja Parishad
184:Constituent Assembly
563:, pp. 168–169.
20:
1142:Elections in India
474:State Constitution
457:Girdhari Lal Dogra
404:Girdhari Lal Dogra
269:Girdhari Lal Dogra
182:Elections for the
18:
1148:
1147:
1134:
1133:
875:General elections
799:978-94-011-9231-6
789:Jammu and Kashmir
735:978-81-7023-355-8
725:My Life and Times
668:, pp. 56–57.
650:978-1-136-66864-7
625:, pp. 55–56.
610:978-81-7099-711-5
323:belonging to the
219:Jammu and Kashmir
195:Jammu and Kashmir
180:
179:
176:
175:
135:
134:
58:
57:
1188:
1071:
1070:
860:
853:
846:
837:
836:
832:
831:
802:
782:
751:
745:
739:
738:
719:
713:
707:
701:
699:
691:(6/8): 185–187,
675:
669:
663:
654:
653:
632:
626:
620:
614:
613:
594:
588:
582:
576:
570:
564:
558:
552:
546:
531:
525:
519:
513:
507:
501:
495:
489:
441:– Prime minister
426:(head of state)
386:– Prime Minister
348:Jawaharlal Nehru
142:
95:
75:
74:
64:All 75 seats in
37:
36:
30:
29:
28:
21:
17:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1144:
1130:
1097:
1067:Local elections
1062:
967:
869:
864:
800:
780:
759:
754:
746:
742:
736:
720:
716:
708:
704:
676:
672:
664:
657:
651:
633:
629:
621:
617:
611:
595:
591:
583:
579:
571:
567:
559:
555:
547:
534:
526:
522:
514:
510:
502:
498:
490:
486:
482:
451:Shyam Lal Saraf
419:
400:Shyam Lal Saraf
396:Mirza Afzal Beg
384:Sheikh Abdullah
369:
364:
320:
251:Mirza Afzal Beg
230:Sheikh Abdullah
215:
199:Sheikh Abdullah
168:
166:Sheikh Abdullah
163:
153:
151:Sheikh Abdullah
148:
140:
126:Seats won
106:Sheikh Abdullah
68:
63:
31:
26:
24:
12:
11:
5:
1194:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1146:
1145:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1107:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1079:
1077:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
977:
975:
969:
968:
966:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
879:
877:
871:
870:
863:
862:
855:
848:
840:
834:
833:
803:
798:
783:
778:
764:Bose, Sumantra
758:
755:
753:
752:
750:, p. 209.
740:
734:
714:
702:
670:
655:
649:
627:
615:
609:
589:
577:
565:
553:
551:, p. 186.
532:
520:
518:, p. 169.
508:
506:, p. 188.
496:
494:, p. 229.
483:
481:
478:
467:
466:
463:Syed Mir Qasim
460:
454:
448:
442:
424:Sadr-e-Riyasat
418:
415:
407:
406:
401:
398:
393:
387:
373:Jammu province
368:
365:
363:
360:
319:
316:
276:
275:
272:
266:
263:
257:
254:
248:
234:Kashmir Valley
214:
211:
178:
177:
174:
173:
158:
137:
136:
133:
132:
130:
127:
123:
122:
120:
115:
111:
110:
108:
103:
99:
98:
96:
89:
85:
84:
82:
79:
71:
70:
60:
59:
56:
55:
49:
44:
33:
32:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1193:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1161:1951 in India
1159:
1158:
1156:
1143:
1137:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
978:
976:
974:
970:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
880:
878:
876:
872:
868:
861:
856:
854:
849:
847:
842:
841:
838:
830:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
804:
801:
795:
791:
790:
784:
781:
779:0-674-01173-2
775:
771:
770:
765:
761:
760:
749:
744:
737:
731:
727:
726:
718:
711:
706:
698:
694:
690:
686:
685:
680:
674:
667:
662:
660:
652:
646:
642:
638:
631:
624:
619:
612:
606:
602:
601:
593:
587:, p. 55.
586:
581:
575:, p. 54.
574:
569:
562:
557:
550:
545:
543:
541:
539:
537:
529:
524:
517:
512:
505:
500:
493:
488:
484:
477:
475:
470:
464:
461:
458:
455:
453:– Development
452:
449:
446:
443:
440:
437:
436:
435:
433:
429:
425:
414:
412:
405:
402:
399:
397:
394:
391:
388:
385:
382:
381:
380:
378:
374:
359:
357:
352:
349:
345:
341:
337:
336:Sumantra Bose
332:
329:
326:
315:
313:
310:2 seats, and
309:
305:
301:
296:
291:
289:
283:
281:
273:
270:
267:
264:
262:– Development
261:
258:
255:
252:
249:
246:
243:
242:
241:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
220:
210:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
189:
185:
172:
171:
167:
162:
159:
157:
156:
152:
147:
144:
143:
138:
131:
128:
125:
124:
121:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
107:
104:
101:
100:
97:
94:
90:
87:
86:
83:
80:
77:
76:
72:
67:
61:
54: →
53:
50:
48:
45:
43:
40:←
39:
38:
34:
22:
16:
1056:
995:
814:(1): 45–67,
811:
807:
792:, Springer,
788:
768:
757:Bibliography
743:
724:
717:
705:
688:
682:
679:Puri, Balraj
673:
640:
630:
618:
599:
592:
580:
568:
556:
523:
511:
499:
487:
471:
468:
423:
420:
408:
370:
353:
333:
330:
321:
318:The election
300:Azad Kashmir
292:
284:
277:
216:
181:
164:
160:
149:
145:
81:First party
46:
15:
447:– Education
428:Karan Singh
344:Balraj Puri
340:party state
295:Karan Singh
236:during the
1155:Categories
1140:See also:
480:References
411:D. P. Dhar
314:30 seats.
228:appointed
213:Background
1103:Panchayat
1075:Municipal
465:– Revenue
459:– Finance
271:– Finance
253:– Revenue
766:(2003),
334:Scholar
697:4363413
304:Kashmir
222:acceded
186:of the
102:Leader
88:
78:
796:
776:
732:
695:
647:
607:
409:Later
308:Ladakh
188:Indian
114:Party
693:JSTOR
312:Jammu
191:state
1126:2020
1121:2018
1116:2011
1111:2001
1093:2020
1088:2018
1083:2005
1057:2024
1051:2014
1046:2008
1041:2002
1036:1996
1031:1987
1026:1983
1021:1977
1016:1972
1011:1967
1006:1962
1001:1957
996:1951
991:1947
986:1938
981:1934
963:2024
958:2019
953:2014
948:2009
943:2004
938:1999
933:1998
928:1996
923:1991
918:1989
913:1984
908:1980
903:1977
898:1971
893:1967
888:1962
883:1957
794:ISBN
774:ISBN
730:ISBN
645:ISBN
605:ISBN
354:The
278:The
170:JKNC
155:JKNC
118:JKNC
52:1957
42:1947
824:hdl
816:doi
193:of
129:75
1157::
822:,
812:37
810:,
687:,
658:^
535:^
859:e
852:t
845:v
826::
818::
689:9
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