495:. In Valleyfield, the strike, the UTWA, Parent, and Rowley were all denounced as illegal, illegitimate and communist in nature by local newspapers, clergy, the company, and local and provincial authorities. By August 1, the strike had been settled in Montreal; workers had returned to work at the Dominion Textile mills after entering negotiations with the company. In Valleyfield the strike was at a standstill as no progression towards a settlement had been made. On August 8, members of the church, in conjunction with the company, formed a local union, L'Association des Employés du Textile de Salaberry de Valleyfied (AETSVU). The majority of the AETSVU's members were strikebreakers recruited from local parishes. On August 10, approximately 400 strike breakers left the church and marched with the support of the local clergy and police force to return to the mills. Under the direct order of Maurice Duplessis, the chief of the provincial police arrived the following day with two-hundred-fifty reinforcements, armed with machine guns, to escort the scabs to and from the mill.
499:
break. The strikers and crowd responded to this provocation by throwing rocks and the tear gas bombs back at the police; this caused the police to retreat and seek shelter within the walls of the mills. After seven hours the riot ended with a truce that was negotiated by a committee representing the strikers and the police. In the truce, the committee agreed that strike breakers would not be mistreated upon leaving the factory and that the violence would end, provided that the provincial police and the company's private cops leave the city and that the company remain closed until the end of the strike. The demands were met; however, two days later Rowley and local union leader Trefflé Leduc were arrested and charged with inciting the riot. Upon Rowley's arrest, Parent took charge of the strike.
515:
influence within the mills. Women organized and participated in union meetings and events. The mothers and wives of workers participated in the strike as well, they formed "Les Dames
Auxiliaires" and provided food and necessities to strikers, stretching their savings to feed their families. It was "Les Dames Auxiliaires" who organized a crowd of 5000 people to meet in front of the mill on August 13. Women were active throughout the course of the strike: they organized and engaged in the riot by throwing rocks at the provincial police and by mediating the truce negotiations between the provincial police and Kent Rowley.
465:
its sphere of influence by fostering ties with local parishes and provincial politicians. From its establishment in 1878 until 1946, relations between
Montreal Cottons and its textile workers were often tense. In 1937 the company's workers went on strike for 28 days, demanding better working conditions and better pay. The strikers were represented by the Catholic Workers Confederation of Canada (CTCC) and were actively supported by the church. The strike was a failure. The CTCC had chosen Maurice Duplessis and
503:
November 26 an agreement had officially been signed between UTWA. representatives and
Montreal Cottons. In this agreement workers gained: union recognition, a general wage raise of five cents for all employees, premiums for night workers, overtime pay, voluntary and revocable union dues, clauses on seniority, procedures for grievances, and one week's paid vacation for all employees. This was the first time in the company's history that workers in Valleyfield had gained the right to a collective agreement.
452:
the workers. After the riot, strikers returned to work
September 9 and a collective agreement was signed November 26 between Montreal Cottons Ltd. (the parent of Montreal Cotton Co.) and union representatives. Locally, the strike was important since it was the first time that workers at Montreal Cotton's Valleyfield mill obtained a collective contract. The labour activism and the role of women in this strike challenge the historical narrative of a hegemonic conservative Quebec under the leadership of
1346:
1358:
398:
498:
On August 13 at 11 a.m., around five thousand people, the majority of them women and children, were gathered at the mill to support the strike. Upon seeing such a large crowd, the police threw tear gas bombs to disperse the crowd and to allow the strike breakers to leave the mill for their lunchtime
451:
By August 1, the strike had been settled in
Montreal and workers had returned to work at the Dominion Textile mills after entering negotiations with the company. In Valleyfield the situation was different, and only after a violent riot on August 13 would the company seriously enter negotiations with
464:
From 1878 until the 1940s, Salaberry-de-Valleyfield was a monopoly town under the primary direction of
Montreal Cottons. The company had a large influence over the city, as it provided jobs and housing for a large amount of the city's citizens. By the 1940s, Montreal Cottons had further established
490:
On June 1, 1946, over 3000 workers from
Montreal Cotton's mill in Valleyfield and 3000 workers from four of Dominion Textile's mills in Montreal, walked off the job. By June 3, an official strike had been declared by the United Textile Workers of America (UTWA) and within three days, the strike in
514:
Women actively contributed to the strike as picketers, militants, providers, recruiters, and union members. Kent Rowley and Trefflé Leduc actively sought to recruit women as union members since not only did women constitute a large portion of the workforce, but they also had a large sphere of
502:
By
September, the company had agreed to sign an agreement with the workers on the condition that the workers return to work and that a vote of accreditation be held to determine whether UTWA or AETSVU represent the workers. UTWA won the vote to represent the strikers by a ratio of 2:1; and by
472:
The 1946 strike did not occur in a vacuum. Rather, it was the product of over four years of planning and a decade's worth of grievances. As early as 1942, Kent Rowley (a representative of the United Trade
Workers Union (UTWA)) and
757:
Antonio, Barette, "La grève est jugée illégale par le ministre du travail : Dans un télégramme adressé à Kent Rowley, dirigeant des
Ouvriers Unis des Textiles d'Amérique," Le Progrès de Valleyfield, June 6, 1946,
477:(a local union leader) had been organizing workers from Montreal Cotton's Valleyfield mills. The grievances of the workers to an extent echoed those of the 1937 strike, as well as the grievances issued in the
481:
Inquiry on the Textile Industry of 1938. Workers demanded a salary raise of fifteen cents an hour, a forty-hour work week, compensation for working overtime, better working conditions, and union recognition.
511:
Madeleine Parent was a prominent figure of throughout the strike. She was a union leader, a negotiator, and an activist. She influenced and encouraged women to actively participate during the strike.
1419:
428:, fought for the right to obtain a collective agreement. Mill workers in Valleyfield walked off the job on June 1, 1946, as part of a larger textile strike movement which included one of
595:
Denyse Baillargeon, "Textile Strikes in Quebec: 1946, 1947, 1952," in Madeleine Parent: Activist, ed. Andrée Levesque, trans. Andrée Levesque (Toronto : Sumach Press, 2005), 60-61.
884:
Denyse Baillargeon, "Textile Strikes in Quebec: 1946, 1947, 1952," in Madeleine Parent: Activist, ed. Andrée Levesque, trans. Andrée Levesque (Toronto : Sumach Press, 2005), 64.
875:
Denyse Baillargeon, "Textile Strikes in Quebec: 1946, 1947, 1952," in Madeleine Parent: Activist, ed. Andrée Levesque, trans. Andrée Levesque (Toronto : Sumach Press, 2005), 64.
767:
Denyse Baillargeon, "Textile Strikes in Quebec: 1946, 1947, 1952," in Madeleine Parent: Activist, ed. Andrée Levesque, trans. Andrée Levesque (Toronto : Sumach Press, 2005), 62.
586:
Denyse Baillargeon, "Textile Strikes in Quebec: 1946, 1947, 1952," in Madeleine Parent: Activist, ed. Andrée Levesque, trans. Andrée Levesque (Toronto : Sumach Press, 2005), 60.
524:
Baillargeon, Denyse. "Textile Strikes in Quebec: 1946, 1947, 1952." In Madeleine Parent: Activist, edited and translated by Andrée Levesque, 59-70. Toronto : Sumach Press, 2005.
537:
Parent, Madeleine, "Usurping the Reign of the Favorites: Interview with Madeleine Parent." Interview by Christina Starr. Women's Education des Femmes 6, no.3 (Summer 1988):7-12.
953:
Madeleine Parent, "Usurping the Reign of the Favorites: Interview with Madeleine Parent," interview by Christina Starr, Women's Education des Femmes 6, no.3 (Summer 1988):7-8.
631:
Madeleine Parent, "Usurping the Reign of the Favorites: Interview with Madeleine Parent," interview by Christina Starr, Women's Education des Femmes 6, no.3 (Summer 1988):7.
1007:
201:
1280:
1275:
962:
Lucie Bettez, "Cent Jours dans la vie des Campivallensiennes. La grève de 1946 à Salaberry-de-Valleyfield," Labour/Le Travail, 62 (Fall 2008), 27-28, 36-39.
932:
Lucie Bettez, "Cent Jours dans la vie des Campivallensiennes. La grève de 1946 à Salaberry-de-Valleyfield," Labour/Le Travail, 62 (Fall 2008), 33, 45.
866:
Lucie Bettez, "Cent Jours dans la vie des Campivallensiennes. La grève de 1946 à Salaberry-de-Valleyfield," Labour/Le Travail, 62 (Fall 2008), 25-26.
857:
Lucie Bettez, "Cent Jours dans la vie des Campivallensiennes. La grève de 1946 à Salaberry-de-Valleyfield," Labour/Le Travail, 62 (Fall 2008), 25-26.
730:
Lucie Bettez, "Cent Jours dans la vie des Campivallensiennes. La grève de 1946 à Salaberry-de-Valleyfield," Labour/Le Travail, 62 (Fall 2008), 18-23.
613:
Lucie Bettez, "Cent Jours dans la vie des Campivallensiennes. La grève de 1946 à Salaberry-de-Valleyfield," Labour/Le Travail, 62 (Fall 2008), 25-26.
474:
540:
Bettez, Lucie. "Cent Jours dans la vie des Campivallensiennes. La grève de 1946 à Salaberry-de-Valleyfield." Labour/Le Travail 62 (Fall 2008): 9-50.
971:
Lucie Bettez, "Cent Jours dans la vie des Campivallensiennes. La grève de 1946 à Salaberry-de-Valleyfield," Labour/Le Travail, 62 (Fall 2008), 28.
923:
Lucie Bettez, "Cent Jours dans la vie des Campivallensiennes. La grève de 1946 à Salaberry-de-Valleyfield," Labour/Le Travail, 62 (Fall 2008), 26.
902:
Lucie Bettez, "Cent Jours dans la vie des Campivallensiennes. La grève de 1946 à Salaberry-de-Valleyfield," Labour/Le Travail, 62 (Fall 2008), 26.
893:
Lucie Bettez, "Cent Jours dans la vie des Campivallensiennes. La grève de 1946 à Salaberry-de-Valleyfield," Labour/Le Travail, 62 (Fall 2008), 26.
839:
Lucie Bettez, "Cent Jours dans la vie des Campivallensiennes. La grève de 1946 à Salaberry-de-Valleyfield," Labour/Le Travail, 62 (Fall 2008), 25.
830:
Lucie Bettez, "Cent Jours dans la vie des Campivallensiennes. La grève de 1946 à Salaberry-de-Valleyfield," Labour/Le Travail, 62 (Fall 2008), 25.
821:
Lucie Bettez, "Cent Jours dans la vie des Campivallensiennes. La grève de 1946 à Salaberry-de-Valleyfield," Labour/Le Travail, 62 (Fall 2008), 25.
712:
Lucie Bettez, "Cent Jours dans la vie des Campivallensiennes. La grève de 1946 à Salaberry-de-Valleyfield," Labour/Le Travail, 62 (Fall 2008), 26.
622:
Lucie Bettez, "Cent Jours dans la vie des Campivallensiennes. La grève de 1946 à Salaberry-de-Valleyfield," Labour/Le Travail, 62 (Fall 2008), 26.
314:
1000:
1245:
942:
912:
531:
1206:
194:
1399:
993:
640:
Claude Larivière, Histoire des Travailleurs de Beauharnois et Valleyfield, (Montréal : Éditions Albert St-Martin, 1974), 12,24,28.
351:
287:
658:
Claude Larivière, Histoire des Travailleurs de Beauharnois et Valleyfield, (Montréal : Éditions Albert St-Martin, 1974), 32-33.
649:
Claude Larivière, Histoire des Travailleurs de Beauharnois et Valleyfield, (Montréal : Éditions Albert St-Martin, 1974), 30-34.
1409:
685:
Claude Larivière, Histoire des Travailleurs de Beauharnois et Valleyfield, (Montréal : Éditions Albert St-Martin, 1974),30-31.
676:
Claude Larivière, Histoire des Travailleurs de Beauharnois et Valleyfield, (Montréal : Éditions Albert St-Martin, 1974),30-31.
1316:
1033:
812:
Claude Larivière, Histoire des Travailleurs de Beauharnois et Valleyfield, (Montréal : Éditions Albert St-Martin, 1974), 33.
803:
Claude Larivière, Histoire des Travailleurs de Beauharnois et Valleyfield, (Montréal : Éditions Albert St-Martin, 1974), 33.
794:
Claude Larivière, Histoire des Travailleurs de Beauharnois et Valleyfield, (Montréal : Éditions Albert St-Martin, 1974), 33.
785:
Claude Larivière, Histoire des Travailleurs de Beauharnois et Valleyfield, (Montréal : Éditions Albert St-Martin, 1974), 33.
275:
187:
703:
Claude Larivière, Histoire des Travailleurs de Beauharnois et Valleyfield, (Montréal : Éditions Albert St-Martin, 1974),31.
694:
Claude Larivière, Histoire des Travailleurs de Beauharnois et Valleyfield, (Montréal : Éditions Albert St-Martin, 1974),32.
667:
Claude Larivière, Histoire des Travailleurs de Beauharnois et Valleyfield, (Montréal : Éditions Albert St-Martin, 1974),12.
1250:
469:
to mediate negotiations between the strikers and the company. The workers gained nothing from the negotiations or the strike.
1404:
1038:
530:
Parent, Madeleine "Émeute à la Dominion Textile." Interview by Pierre Olivier. Les Archives de Radio-Canada, July 14, 1974.
357:
941:
Madeleine Parent, "Émeute à la Dominion Textile," interview by Pierre Olivier, Les Archives de Radio-Canada, July 14, 1974.
911:
Madeleine Parent, "Émeute à la Dominion Textile," interview by Pierre Olivier, Les Archives de Radio-Canada, July 14, 1974.
549:
Larivière, Claude. Histoire des Travailleurs de Beauharnois et Valleyfield. Montréal : Éditions Albert St-Martin, 1974.
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363:
1326:
1043:
1384:
1350:
269:
244:
1394:
1143:
1221:
1087:
776:
Lt- Col. W.G.E. Aird, "La grève est réglée à Montréal, mais pas ici," Le Progrès de Valleyfield, August 1, 1946, 1.
748:
Lt- Col. W.G.E. Aird, "La grève est réglée à Montréal, mais pas ici," Le Progrès de Valleyfield, August 1, 1946, 1.
604:
Lt- Col. W.G.E. Aird, "La grève est réglée à Montréal, mais pas ici," Le Progrès de Valleyfield, August 1, 1946, 1.
437:
93:
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https://web.archive.org/web/20110322163920/http://archives.radio-canada.ca/societe/syndicalisme/clips/6472/
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40:
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Dickinson, John Alexander. A Short History of Quebec. 4th ed. Montreal: McGill-Queen's Press,2008.
1414:
1292:
1237:
1216:
1066:
980:
Rick Salutin, Kent Rowley: the Organizer: a Canadian Union Life, (Toronto: J. Lormier, 1980), 49.
848:
Rick Salutin, Kent Rowley: the Organizer: a Canadian Union Life, (Toronto: J. Lormier, 1980), 49.
1053:
985:
721:
Canada.Report of the Royal Commission on the Textile Industry (Ottawa 1938), 125,146-147, 177.
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Canada. Report of the Royal Commission on the Textile Industry. Ottawa: J.O. Patenaude, 1938.
417:
1109:
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Rouillard, Jaques. Histoire de la CSN 1921-1981. Montréal : Boréal Express/CSN, 1981.
8:
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the 1946 June to November issues of Le Progrès de Valleyfield and La Presse newspapers
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Valleyfield had been publicly deemed illegal by the Minister of Labour,
441:
125:
64:
739:"Dans le Textile: La grève déclenchée," La Presse, June 1 st , 1946, 19.
577:"Dans le Textile: La grève déclenchée," La Presse, June 1 st , 1946, 19.
568:"Dans le Textile: La grève déclenchée," La Presse, June 1 st , 1946, 19.
433:
1015:
425:
397:
1420:
Labour disputes and strikes in the aftermath of World War II
68:
78:
Victory for workers, improved wages and working conditions
52:
Union recognition, wage increases, shorter working hours
209:
440:(TWUA), an international union. In Valleyfield,
1376:
1207:1987 Metro Toronto elementary teachers' strike
1034:1912–1914 Vancouver Island Coal Miners' Strike
1001:
195:
1110:1938 Vancouver unemployed workers' protests
1016:Strikes and other labour disputes in Canada
1008:
994:
202:
188:
396:
1317:2021 New Brunswick public sector strike
506:
448:acted as representatives of the UTWA.
410:Montreal Cottons Company strike of 1946
1377:
1156:1958–1959 Newfoundland loggers' strike
1039:1914 Saint John street railway strike
989:
436:. The strikes were organized by the
183:
1357:
1029:1903 Consolidated Lake Superior riot
1327:2023 Canadian federal worker strike
1242:Toronto Transit Commission strikes
13:
1272:2009 municipal employees' strikes
518:
14:
1436:
1400:United Textile Workers of America
1161:1962 Saskatchewan doctors' strike
1356:
1345:
1344:
1151:1957 Murdochville miners' strike
1044:1916 Hamilton machinists' strike
438:Textile Workers Union of America
211:Textile strikes in United States
94:Textile Workers Union of America
1410:1946 labor disputes and strikes
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1105:1935 Vancouver dockers' strike
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1:
1222:1997 Ontario teachers' strike
1088:1933 Stratford general strike
1062:1918 Vancouver general strike
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485:
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1405:Textile and clothing strikes
1307:2020 Port of Montreal strike
1202:1981 Cape Breton coal strike
1192:1976 Canadian general strike
1144:Royal Canadian Navy mutinies
1131:1946 Montreal Cottons strike
1067:1919 Winnipeg general strike
23:1946 Montreal Cottons strike
7:
1332:2024 Canada railway dispute
1312:2021 Kitimat smelter strike
1182:1969 Montreal police strike
1083:1931 Estevan miners' strike
315:Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills
10:
1441:
1288:2009–2010 Vale Inco strike
1187:1972 Québec general strike
1385:Labour disputes in Quebec
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1177:1963 Reesor Siding strike
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31:1 June – 9 September 1946
27:
22:
1395:Salaberry-de-Valleyfield
1257:York University strikes
432:'s mills located within
422:Salaberry-de-Valleyfield
403:Salaberry-de-Valleyfield
41:Salaberry-de-Valleyfield
1054:1918–1925 Labour Revolt
412:was a hundred-day-long
1425:Women and trade unions
1093:1935 On-to-Ottawa Trek
405:
400:
1076:Great Depression era
507:Women's contribution
364:Lewiston-Auburn shoe
1293:2012–13 NHL lockout
1238:2004–05 NHL lockout
1217:1994–95 NHL lockout
467:Cardinal Villeneuve
352:Los Angeles garment
270:New York shirtwaist
1322:2021 Olymel strike
1298:2016–2017 Halifax
406:
156:3,000 mill workers
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1170:Late 20th century
493:Humphrey Mitchell
454:Maurice Duplessis
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137:Maurice Duplessis
112:
111:
107:Quebec government
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1300:Chronicle Herald
1197:1978 Inco strike
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446:Madeleine Parent
430:Dominion Textile
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251:North Adams shoe
245:New England shoe
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130:Madeleine Parent
101:Dominion Textile
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1390:Cotton industry
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1212:1992 NHL strike
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1139:Asbestos strike
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401:City centre of
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370:Montreal Cotton
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276:Chicago garment
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475:Trefflé Leduc
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1246:2006 wildcat
1231:21st century
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418:mill workers
409:
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288:Little Falls
135:
124:
117:Lead figures
65:picket lines
15:
1119:Postwar era
1098:Regina Riot
442:Kent Rowley
377:1980s–2000s
346:1930s–1970s
333:New Bedford
321:New England
258:1900s–1920s
169:250+ police
126:Kent Rowley
75:Resulted in
1379:Categories
557:References
486:The strike
460:Background
339:Loray Mill
239:Mill Women
227:Mill Women
1261:2008–2009
317:1914–1915
290:1912–1913
264:Skowhegan
1351:Category
434:Montreal
358:National
294:Hopedale
282:Lawrence
233:Paterson
43:, Quebec
36:Location
1363:Commons
1281:Windsor
1276:Toronto
327:Passaic
83:Parties
69:rioting
57:Methods
1302:strike
426:Quebec
414:strike
297:
146:Number
61:Strike
1135:1949
1022:Early
420:from
221:1800s
161:400+
49:Goals
1266:2018
1251:2008
444:and
408:The
385:1982
372:1946
366:1937
360:1934
354:1933
341:1929
335:1928
329:1926
323:1922
311:1913
305:1913
299:1913
284:1912
278:1910
272:1909
266:1907
253:1870
247:1860
241:1836
235:1835
229:1834
28:Date
1381::
758:1.
456:.
424:,
67:,
63:,
1009:e
1002:t
995:v
944:.
914:.
534:.
203:e
196:t
189:v
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