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Authorities of Belize City considered abandoning the community and moving it to higher ground. Additionally, there was a proposal to relocate the capital further south or inland to the pine ridge, with either resulting in a higher elevation of the capital. However, the process of moving the capital
570:
Storm surge, abnormally high tides, and strong winds resulted in severe damage and many deaths in Belize City. The entire city was inundated with 5 ft (1.5 m) of water. Numerous boats were swept far inland, including a 200-ton dredge. Properties on six streets were completely swept away,
295:
was devastated, with the entire city being inundated with at least 5 ft (1.5 m) of water. Property on six streets was completely swept away, while overall 70% of the city was destroyed. Among the buildings severely damaged or demolished included many buildings and resident halls at
547:
claimed that
Belizean authorities withheld continuous warnings from U.S. ships in the region of a possible hurricane strike on British Honduras so the festivities would not be interrupted. King cited as evidence a letter dated 24 September 1931, from a local radio operator to the
555:
in which the warnings were discussed, adding that "perhaps none of had ever been in a hurricane and didn't know exactly how bad it was going to be." Additionally, there was also belief among residents of Belize City that the reefs would provide a barrier against large tidal waves.
560:
591:, structures were completely destroyed, while 24 deaths occurred there. Overall, damage in the country reached approximately $ 7.5 million. The storm left approximately 2,500 deaths, making it the deadliest tropical cyclone in the history of Belize.
656:
Due to the weak intensity of the storm and a rural landfall location in Mexico, there were few observations of weather related to the storm in the country. In
Tampico, located south of where the storm made landfall, winds reached only 20 mph (32 km/h).
622:, to send $ 2,500 worth of medical supplies to affected areas of British Honduras. Throughout the city, relief kitchens were set up. The Government of British Honduras eventually began burning areas with debris and bodies, to prevent spread of disease.
506:
at the same intensity two hours later. A barometer in the city recorded a minimum pressure of 952 mbar (hPa; 28.12 mbar); this was the lowest barometric pressure measured in association with the storm. The hurricane substantially weakened over the
452:) and strengthened briefly the following day. By 1 September, however, the wave had become rather weak and indiscernible; it would remain as such for much of its early existence until 6 September, by which time it had moved past the
483:, which recorded strong winds in conjunction with rapidly decreasing barometric pressures late on 7 September. As the storm remained west-northwest bound across the Caribbean, more ships were able to record data on the cyclone.
494:. At 00:00 UTC on 10 September, the cyclone intensified into a Category 2 hurricane. The storm strengthened further before reaching its peak intensity as a Category 4 hurricane with
594:
The
British government requested for the United States to send vessels to assist those affected by the storm. A number of residents of Belize City were left without food and water supplies. The
519:, with winds of 40 mph (65 km/h) at around 00:00 UTC on 13 September. Over the mountainous terrain of Mexico, the storm quickly weakened, and dissipated later on 13 September.
486:
It is estimated that at 18:00 UTC on 8 September, the tropical storm attained hurricane intensity. Intensification remained gradual until the hurricane moved into the
304:
suffered fatal injuries during the collapse of the building. Further inland, severe damage to agriculture occurred. Overall, the storm left $ 7.5 million (1931
579:, several buildings and resident halls were extensively damaged or destroyed. Government radio facilities in Belize City were cut out during the storm. Several American
228:
off the west coast of Africa on 29 August. Moving westward, the disturbance remained relatively weak until 6 September, when it was first classified as a
1451:
515:. Despite moving back over water, the tropical cyclone continued to weaken in the bay, and made its final landfall roughly 60–70 mi (95–110 km) north of
571:
while 70% of the city overall was destroyed. The U.S. Embassy building was severely damaged, after water reached the second floor. Giles
Russell Taggart, the
630:, became responsible for the rescue of persons trapped, feeding those without shelter, and the burial of the deceased. For his efforts, Metzgen received an
535:
The day of the hurricane, 10 September, is also a national holiday for
British Honduras, on which many locals gather in the streets to celebrate the
916:
244:. The cyclone intensified further to hurricane intensity by 8 September. Strengthening and organisation remained gradual until the storm reached the
1209:
583:
in the city were killed during the storm. Within a 25 mi (40 km) radius of Belize City and about 40 mi (64 km) upstream the
1124:
539:. It is widely believed that the hurricane struck without any warning, although some recent historians have disputed this. In his column for
1444:
1374:
476:. Owing to a lack of ship observations, data on the storm were scarce in that region. The first ship to identify the storm clearly was the
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798:(Weather map). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 1 September 1931
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733:(Weather map). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 29 August 1931
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since 1973), killing an estimated 2,500 people. The hurricane was first detected as a
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1405:"Natural Hazard Mitigation Strategies in the Continental Caribbean: The Case of Belize"
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1355:. Vol. 3, no. 29. Belize City, British Honduras. Associated Press. p. 3A
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Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
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2005:
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1981:
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1381:. Vol. 46, no. 342. Associated Press. 7 September 1971. pp. 1A, 4A
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998:
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277:
273:
272:, the tropical cyclone weakened, and continued to do so when it moved across the
249:
134:
575:, suffered injuries after the building collapsed that were ultimately fatal. At
527:
456:. In this region the system became sufficiently organised to be classified as a
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2011:
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The
Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492–1996: Cyclones with 25+ Deaths
903:
511:, and had weakened to tropical storm strength by the time it had entered the
477:
473:
445:
421:
291:, many structures were washed away by abnormally high tides and storm surge.
225:
130:
498:
of 130 mph (215 km/h) at 1800 UTC. The strong hurricane made
584:
552:
1190:. Fredericksburg, Virginia. Associated Press. 11 September 1931. p. 1
1164:. Fredericksburg, Virginia. Associated Press. 11 September 1931. p. 1
1133:. Belize, British Honduras. Associated Press. 14 September 1931. p. 4
943:"(Author name withheld) From the publisher [Letter to the editor]"
614:
to cooperate in relief efforts. Both agencies and organisations ordered a
602:, was dispatched to send aid to British Honduras. United States President
1278:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
771:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
503:
292:
261:
1300:. Belize National Library Service and Information System. Archived from
544:
441:
429:
126:
1301:
468:. Some six hours after its inception the depression strengthened to a
650:
635:
1270:
Edward N. Rappaport and Jose
Fernandez-Partagas (22 April 1997).
902:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
465:
287:, there was little warning of the storm in British Honduras. At
256:
intensity on 10 September. The hurricane subsequently made
917:"September 10th: Belize Celebrates Battle of St. George's Caye"
580:
221:
178:
822:"Tropical Storms Of September, 1931, In North American Waters"
645:
did not begin until 1961, after Belize City was devastated by
765:
Documentation of
Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT
587:, all agricultural plantations were obliterated. Offshore at
559:
344:
Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
339:
Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
1092:"U.S. Embassy Chancery Building (1981 - 2006) Belize City"
850:
10.1175/1520-0493(1931)59<364b:TSOSIN>2.0.CO;2
792:
Weather map of tropical system 193106 on
September 1, 1931
412:, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression
364:
Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
359:
Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
354:
Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
727:
Weather map of tropical system 193106 on August 29, 1931
349:
Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
1251:. New York City, New York. 14 September 1931. p. 9
285:
the defeat of
Spanish conquerors by the British in 1798
1003:. Belize City, Belize: Cubola Production. p. 59.
522:
276:. This track brought it to a second landfall north of
653:
became the capital city of British Honduras in 1970.
1218:. London, United Kingdom. 12 October 1931. p. 5
769:
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
664:
369:
Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
283:Possibly due to celebrations of the anniversary of
268:of 130 mph (215 km/h). Moving across the
1459:
1346:
970:
881:"Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)"
762:
1349:"Battered School Shelters 200 Refugees in Belize"
236:. The depression gradually intensified, reaching
2523:
1176:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1125:"Funeral Pyres Blaze as Ruined City Burns Dead"
1040:. Washington, D.C. 17 September 1931. p. 3
835:(9). American Meteorological Society: 364–367.
240:intensity within the first six hours following
1000:The Bayman's Legacy: A Portrait of Belize City
819:
216:was the deadliest hurricane in the history of
1445:
490:by 10 September, when the hurricane began to
1145:
996:
1452:
1438:
1158:"200 Lives Lost In Tropic Hurricanes"
1032:"Belize Swept by Hurricane and Tidal Wave"
758:
756:
754:
752:
750:
748:
531:Convent in Belize City after the hurricane
191:
38:
1420:
1243:"Thousand Killed In Caribbean Hurricanes"
1210:"British Honduras. Toll of the Hurricane"
848:
311:
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1117:
875:
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871:
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745:
14:
2524:
1347:Theodore A. Ediger (5 November 1961).
1237:
1235:
1233:
971:Ann-Marie Williams (31 October 2000).
923:. San Pedro, Belize. 10 September 2011
718:
683:List of Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes
1868:
1471:
1433:
1402:
1328:. Government Printer. 1946. p. 1
1114:
864:
815:
813:
783:
47:of the hurricane on 10 September
27:Category 4 Atlantic hurricane in 1931
1340:
1202:
763:Christopher W. Landsea; et al.
1375:"Hurricane 'Edith' Deepens Rapidly"
1230:
1096:United States Department of Defense
964:
935:
523:Preparations, impact, and aftermath
300:and the U.S. Embassy building; the
24:
1396:
810:
432:on 29 August. Traversing the
25:
2558:
1758:1933 Chesapeake–Potomac hurricane
1325:A Town Planning Scheme for Belize
1184:"Americans Lose Lives In Tornado"
2505:
2496:
2495:
1869:
1060:"400 Believed Dead in Hurricane"
897:
667:
404:
394:
384:
1367:
1316:
1290:
1084:
1052:
1024:
820:W.F. McDonalds (October 1931).
214:1931 British Honduras hurricane
33:1931 British Honduras hurricane
2532:Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes
1461:Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes
1094:. Arlington County, Virginia:
1072:. 11 September 1931. p. 1
990:
973:"1931 Hurricane myth disputed"
909:
628:British Honduras Defense Force
436:, the wave retained a minimum
204:1931 Atlantic hurricane season
13:
1:
1472:
1422:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.324
712:
428:—first observed southeast of
248:, by which time it began to
116:130 mph (215 km/h)
7:
952:. Belize City, Belize. 2004
660:
632:Order of the British Empire
537:Battle Of St. George's Caye
10:
2563:
1298:"Belizean National Heroes"
883:(Database). United States
616:United States Marine Corps
543:on 5 September 2004,
91:Category 4 major hurricane
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1974:
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1467:
1403:Usher, Kareem M. (2007).
1276:National Hurricane Center
1248:South Australian Register
1215:The Sydney Morning Herald
885:National Hurricane Center
420:The hurricane began as a
254:Category 4 hurricane
199:
187:
166:
158:$ 7.5 million (1931
154:
146:
141:
120:
112:
96:
89:
74:
59:
52:
37:
2511:Tropical cyclones portal
675:Tropical cyclones portal
45:Surface weather analysis
1379:Sarasota Herald-Tribune
1353:The Evening Independent
1068:. Mexico City, Mexico.
496:maximum sustained winds
266:maximum sustained winds
2547:1931 natural disasters
829:Monthly Weather Review
694:Hurricane Greta–Olivia
626:, a lieutenant of the
598:, stationed at nearby
567:
532:
417:
312:Meteorological history
54:Meteorological history
997:Byron Foster (1987).
639:of the United Kingdom
562:
530:
410:Extratropical cyclone
319:
242:tropical cyclogenesis
18:1931 Belize hurricane
2537:Hurricanes in Belize
331:Saffir–Simpson scale
121:Lowest pressure
1582:"Chenière Caminada"
1188:The Free-Lance Star
1162:The Free-Lance Star
841:1931MWRv...59..364M
464:that same day near
458:tropical depression
440:of about 1010
438:barometric pressure
400:Subtropical cyclone
34:
1740:"British Honduras"
1409:Études caribéennes
1065:The Register-Guard
1037:The Northern Times
620:Managua, Nicaragua
612:American Red Cross
608:United States Navy
600:Trujillo, Honduras
577:St. John's College
568:
565:St. John's College
533:
418:
298:St. John's College
113:Highest winds
98:1-minute sustained
32:
2519:
2518:
2487:
2486:
2483:
2482:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1102:on 17 August 2016
921:The San Pedro Sun
589:St. George's Caye
509:Yucatán Peninsula
492:rapidly intensify
472:over the eastern
434:tropical Atlantic
426:low-pressure area
289:St. George's Caye
270:Yucatán Peninsula
250:rapidly intensify
232:just west of the
210:
209:
82:13 September 1931
78:13 September 1931
16:(Redirected from
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2542:1931 meteorology
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1764:"Treasure Coast"
1711:"Havana–Bermuda"
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688:Hurricane Hattie
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647:Hurricane Hattie
596:USS Swan (AM-34)
541:The Belize Times
488:Gulf of Honduras
454:Windward Islands
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390:Tropical cyclone
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246:Gulf of Honduras
234:Windward Islands
230:tropical cyclone
218:British Honduras
195:
174:British Honduras
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92:
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70:
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67:6 September 1931
63:6 September 1931
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1397:Further reading
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1304:on 17 June 2016
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700:Hurricane Keith
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668:
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663:
563:The remains of
525:
517:Tampico, Mexico
513:Bay of Campeche
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278:Tampico, Mexico
274:Bay of Campeche
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142:Overall effects
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1991:
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1938:
1932:
1926:
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1858:
1857:
1854:
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1851:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1826:
1820:
1817:"Cuba–Florida"
1814:
1808:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1785:
1779:
1773:
1767:
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1714:
1708:
1702:
1696:
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1683:
1681:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1673:
1670:"Florida Keys"
1667:
1664:"Nueva Gerona"
1661:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1636:
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1630:
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1537:
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1526:
1524:
1520:
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1517:
1516:
1513:"Great Nassau"
1509:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1493:
1486:
1484:
1476:
1475:
1465:
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1023:
1009:
989:
963:
934:
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887:. 5 April 2023
863:
809:
782:
744:
716:
714:
711:
710:
709:
706:Hurricane Iris
703:
697:
691:
685:
679:
678:
662:
659:
624:Monrad Metzgen
604:Herbert Hoover
524:
521:
470:tropical storm
460:at 18:00
403:
393:
383:
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335:
328:
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238:tropical storm
208:
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167:Areas affected
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2110:
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2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
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1770:"Outer Banks"
1768:
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1752:"San Ciprián"
1750:
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1652:"New Orleans"
1650:
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1637:
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1631:
1624:
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1600:"San Ciriaco"
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1496:"Last Island"
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904:public domain
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471:
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448:; 29.83
447:
443:
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427:
424:—a westbound
423:
422:tropical wave
411:
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308:) in damage.
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2476: (2023)
2470: (2023)
2464: (2022)
2458: (2021)
2452: (2021)
2446: (2020)
2440: (2020)
2434: (2020)
2428: (2020)
2422: (2020)
2405: (2018)
2399: (2017)
2393: (2017)
2387: (2016)
2381: (2015)
2375: (2014)
2369: (2011)
2363: (2011)
2357: (2010)
2351: (2010)
2345: (2010)
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2250: (2001)
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2209: (1999)
2203: (1999)
2197: (1999)
2191: (1998)
2185: (1996)
2179: (1996)
2173: (1995)
2167: (1995)
2161: (1995)
2155: (1991)
2138: (1989)
2132: (1988)
2126: (1988)
2120: (1985)
2114: (1984)
2108: (1982)
2102: (1981)
2085: (1979)
2079: (1978)
2073: (1978)
2067: (1975)
2061: (1974)
2055: (1970)
2038: (1965)
2032: (1964)
2026: (1964)
2020: (1964)
2014: (1964)
2008: (1963)
2002: (1961)
1996: (1961)
1990: (1961)
1984: (1960)
1967: (1959)
1961: (1958)
1955: (1958)
1949: (1958)
1943: (1957)
1937: (1955)
1931: (1955)
1925: (1954)
1919: (1952)
1913: (1951)
1907: (1951)
1901: (1950)
1895: (1950)
1889: (1950)
1870:1950–present
1849: (1949)
1843: (1948)
1837: (1948)
1831: (1947)
1825: (1945)
1819: (1944)
1813: (1943)
1807: (1941)
1790: (1939)
1784: (1935)
1778: (1935)
1772: (1933)
1766: (1933)
1760: (1933)
1754: (1932)
1748: (1932)
1742: (1931)
1739:
1736: (1930)
1719: (1929)
1713: (1926)
1707: (1926)
1701: (1926)
1695: (1926)
1689: (1921)
1672: (1919)
1666: (1917)
1660: (1916)
1654: (1915)
1648: (1915)
1642: (1910)
1625: (1906)
1619: (1900)
1602: (1899)
1596: (1898)
1590: (1894)
1584: (1893)
1567: (1886)
1561: (1882)
1555: (1880)
1549: (1880)
1532: (1878)
1515: (1866)
1498: (1856)
1492: (1853)
1412:
1408:
1383:. Retrieved
1378:
1369:
1357:. Retrieved
1352:
1342:
1330:. Retrieved
1324:
1318:
1306:. Retrieved
1302:the original
1292:
1282:15 September
1280:. Retrieved
1275:
1265:
1253:. Retrieved
1246:
1220:. Retrieved
1213:
1204:
1192:. Retrieved
1187:
1178:
1166:. Retrieved
1161:
1135:. Retrieved
1128:
1104:. Retrieved
1100:the original
1086:
1074:. Retrieved
1063:
1054:
1042:. Retrieved
1035:
1026:
1014:. Retrieved
999:
992:
980:. Retrieved
976:
966:
954:. Retrieved
949:
937:
925:. Retrieved
920:
911:
891:22 September
889:. Retrieved
854:. Retrieved
832:
828:
800:. Retrieved
791:
785:
775:15 September
773:. Retrieved
768:
735:. Retrieved
726:
720:
655:
643:
606:ordered the
593:
585:Belize River
569:
540:
534:
485:
481:Geo H. Jones
480:
419:
379:
329:
282:
213:
211:
202:
201:Part of the
97:
29:
1823:"Homestead"
1805:"Nicaragua"
1734:"San ZenĂłn"
1687:"Tampa Bay"
1646:"Galveston"
1617:"Galveston"
1565:"Indianola"
1332:6 September
1308:18 February
1255:6 September
1016:6 September
634:award from
618:plane from
504:Belize City
293:Belize City
262:Belize City
252:, reaching
2526:Categories
1746:"Freeport"
1385:10 January
1359:10 January
713:References
545:Emory King
430:Cape Verde
380:Storm type
220:(known as
147:Fatalities
75:Dissipated
2153:Claudette
2136:Gabrielle
1847:"Florida"
1717:"Bahamas"
1594:"Georgia"
1473:1853–1949
553:Secretary
2501:Category
2468:Franklin
2403:Florence
2337:Danielle
2254:Michelle
2183:Hortense
2083:Frederic
1693:"Nassau"
950:Amandala
661:See also
651:Belmopan
550:Colonial
500:landfall
374:Unknown
258:landfall
2379:Joaquin
2373:Gonzalo
2367:Ophelia
2278:Frances
2272:Charley
2189:Georges
2177:Edouard
2000:Frances
1905:Charlie
1705:"Miami"
1658:"Texas"
837:Bibcode
581:priests
466:Grenada
324:Map key
189:IBTrACS
80: (
65: (
2474:Idalia
2391:Harvey
2385:Nicole
2314:Paloma
2296:Gustav
2290:Dennis
2266:Fabian
2124:Helene
2118:Gloria
2100:Harvey
2065:Gladys
2059:Carmen
2024:Gladys
1965:Gracie
1959:Helene
1941:Carrie
1929:Connie
1829:George
1782:"Cuba"
1640:"Cuba"
1559:"Cuba"
1222:6 July
1194:25 May
1168:25 May
1137:4 July
1106:4 July
1076:6 July
1044:4 July
1007:
982:24 May
956:24 May
927:24 May
856:21 May
802:21 May
708:(2001)
702:(2000)
696:(1978)
690:(1961)
573:Consul
478:tanker
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
302:Consul
222:Belize
179:Mexico
155:Damage
60:Formed
2462:Fiona
2432:Delta
2426:Teddy
2420:Laura
2413:2020s
2361:Katia
2355:Julia
2330:2010s
2242:Keith
2236:Isaac
2229:2000s
2219:Lenny
2207:Floyd
2201:Cindy
2159:Felix
2146:1990s
2112:Diana
2106:Debby
2093:1980s
2071:Greta
2053:Celia
2046:1970s
2036:Betsy
2030:Hilda
2006:Flora
1994:Carla
1988:Betsy
1982:Donna
1975:1960s
1953:Daisy
1923:Hazel
1880:1950s
1811:Three
1798:1940s
1727:1930s
1680:1920s
1633:1910s
1610:1900s
1575:1890s
1553:Eight
1540:1880s
1530:Seven
1523:1870s
1506:1860s
1490:Three
1483:1850s
1415:(7).
946:(PDF)
825:(PDF)
796:(JPG)
737:1 May
731:(JPG)
264:with
150:2,500
102:SSHWS
2444:Iota
2397:Jose
2349:Igor
2343:Earl
2320:Bill
2308:Omar
2284:Karl
2260:Lili
2248:Iris
2213:Gert
2195:Bret
2171:Opal
2165:Luis
2130:Joan
2077:Ella
2018:Dora
2012:Cleo
1947:Cleo
1935:Ione
1911:Easy
1899:King
1841:Easy
1788:Five
1699:Four
1623:Four
1413:2007
1387:2013
1361:2013
1334:2016
1310:2021
1284:2016
1257:2016
1224:2016
1196:2013
1170:2013
1139:2016
1108:2016
1078:2016
1046:2016
1018:2016
1005:ISBN
984:2013
958:2013
929:2013
893:2024
858:2013
804:2013
777:2016
739:2013
610:and
450:inHg
442:mbar
212:The
135:inHg
127:mbar
125:952
2456:Sam
2450:Ida
2438:Eta
2302:Ike
1917:Fox
1893:Fox
1887:Dog
1835:Dog
1776:Two
1588:Six
1547:Two
1417:doi
845:doi
502:on
462:UTC
446:hPa
306:USD
260:in
160:USD
131:hPa
106:NWS
2528::
1411:.
1407:.
1377:.
1351:.
1274:.
1245:.
1232:^
1212:.
1186:.
1160:.
1147:^
1127:.
1116:^
1062:.
1034:.
975:.
948:.
919:.
866:^
843:.
833:59
831:.
827:.
812:^
767:.
747:^
649:.
641:.
1453:e
1446:t
1439:v
1425:.
1419::
1389:.
1363:.
1336:.
1312:.
1286:.
1259:.
1226:.
1198:.
1172:.
1141:.
1110:.
1080:.
1048:.
1020:.
986:.
960:.
931:.
906:.
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860:.
847::
839::
806:.
779:.
741:.
444:(
162:)
129:(
108:)
104:/
100:(
84:)
69:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.