2111:
601:
588:
404:
389:
578:
155:
170:
27:
722:
140:
2190:
1893:
3696:
1879:
374:
561:
553:
545:
504:
496:
488:
338:
330:
322:
277:
269:
261:
101:
87:
3173:”. Addressing the Nazi electoral breakthrough in the 1930 elections, Thälmann insisted that if Hitler came to power he was sure to fail and drive Nazi voters into the arms of the KPD. As late as February 1932, Thälmann was arguing that “Hitler must come to power first, then the requirements for a revolutionary crisis arrive more quickly”.
2057:. A new parliament was elected every four years to deal with issues related to taxes, trade, defense, etc. The President was directly elected every seven years and was primarily in control of the armed forces; however, he also had significant powers to dissolve the Reichstag, nominate a
2135:, which won 13.13% of the vote, securing 77 seats, 23 more than in the last election. The Centre slightly increased their seat count by 7, equalling 68, but dropped to fourth from third place in their seat count and popular vote in comparison to the
3164:
The 1930 election left the Social
Democrats and KPD with almost 40 per cent of the seats in the Reichstag between them. In November 1931, the SPD suggested the two parties work together but Thälmann rejected the offer, with the KPD newspaper
2050:(1925–1934). However, beginning in March 1930, Hindenburg only appointed governments without a parliamentary majority which systematically governed by emergency decrees, circumventing the democratically elected Reichstag.
2090:
Nazi membership rose from 108,717 in 1928, to 293,000 by
September 1930. Another 100,000 people joined the party between the election and end of the year. The party had forty-nine newspapers, six of which were daily.
2027:). The Reichstag rejected Brüning's measures within a month, who then used emergency powers to pass it anyway. The Reichstag rejected the emergency decree with 256 votes from the Social Democrats, the Communists, the
2094:
The SPD designated the "bourgeois block" and the Nazis as their enemies and, with the KPD, held rallies in Berlin on 1 August 1930 under the motto "Never again war". Some 30,000 participated in the SPD rally in the
2146:(DNVP) support plummeted but managed to secure 41 seats overall. They lost 32 seats from their previously held 73, and dropped to fifth from second, chiefly due to the fragmentation of the party under
1977:
The Social
Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) had won the most votes and was the largest party in every election from 1919 to 1930. They led the coalition government between 1919–1920 and 1928–1930.
1194:
1189:
1184:
2019:. Brüning disclosed to his associates in the German Labour Federation that his chief aim as chancellor would be to liberate the German economy from the burden of continuing to pay
3180:, implementing harsh austerity measures that brought little economic improvement and were extremely unpopular. Governance by decree became the new norm and paved the way for
2131:(SPD) remained the strongest party and won 143 seats, a loss of 10 seats from the previous election. The only other major party to significantly increase its seats was the
4199:
1711:
1721:
907:
2411:
2159:
3662:
1706:
1666:
978:
4075:
2174:
2031:
and the Nazis. Brüning asked
Hindenburg to dissolve the Reichstag, who promptly did so on 18 July 1930. New elections were held on 14 September 1930.
4090:
4085:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3854:
3849:
1861:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1445:
1440:
1851:
2166:(DVP) continued to haemorrhage seats, losing 15 and only attaining 4.51% of the popular vote, ceasing to be a notable political force after the
4151:
4146:
2722:
4156:
4065:
1933:
733:
4106:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
4176:
3844:
3719:
3196:(derisively labelled the "cabinet of barons"), but was unable to form a new majority in the Reichstag, only receiving the support of the
2103:. Three people were killed and two seriously injured in fighting with the police. The KPD election campaign climaxed with a rally in the
1435:
1310:
1035:
3684:
4230:
3724:
1315:
1993:
2694:
2507:
2155:
682:
647:
745:
4171:
3639:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
956:
1946:
1906:
4235:
3834:
3814:
3556:
3481:
3454:
2079:
The Nazis had increased their share of the vote in state elections since their 1928 federal election result. In spring 1930,
2023:
and foreign debt. This would require an unpopular policy of tight credit and a rollback of all wage and salary increases (an
1836:
1800:
1425:
1405:
3692:
4141:
4121:
4080:
3971:
2459:
2151:
1969:
also increased their parliamentary representation, gaining 23 seats and becoming the third-largest party in the
Reichstag.
1764:
1150:
1115:
2053:
The electoral law awarded one seat in the
Reichstag per 60,000 votes. All citizens over 21 could vote through a system of
2531:
1769:
999:
4225:
4181:
3839:
3584:
3342:
2219:
2128:
1989:
1954:
1691:
1686:
1430:
818:
781:
209:
4220:
4194:
4161:
4070:
3984:
3979:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3829:
3630:
3611:
3205:
3197:
3185:
2315:
2167:
2143:
2028:
1985:
1926:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1420:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1086:
801:
443:
58:
4131:
4111:
3809:
2062:
1845:
1696:
1400:
885:
1646:
4166:
4126:
4116:
3994:
2180:
184 of the seats in the
Reichstag were held by parties that refused to participate in any coalition government.
2099:
and 15,000 in the KPD demonstration at the
Winterfeldtplatz. On 23 August, KPD members attacked a Nazi event in
4240:
4189:
4136:
3677:
3592:
3370:
1795:
1716:
890:
806:
3423:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3819:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3714:
2136:
2124:
1981:
1919:
1823:
1779:
1754:
1735:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1410:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1130:
1061:
1021:
938:
41:
3512:
3729:
2626:
2054:
1958:
1774:
1759:
1320:
1110:
72:
2435:
2267:
2132:
2110:
1966:
1125:
1026:
827:
678:
643:
219:
3670:
1176:
1077:
1068:
2087:
as the head of the party's
Propaganda Division and Goebbels oversaw the party's Reichstag campaign.
3201:
2483:
2363:
2339:
2163:
1681:
951:
860:
674:
670:
639:
635:
448:
2150:
leadership. Due to
Hugenberg's more hardline positions, moderate voters moved to the newly-formed
986:
658:
623:
2698:
2580:
2020:
1841:
1661:
777:
750:
666:
631:
4057:
2291:
2043:
2001:
1120:
839:
662:
627:
438:
2058:
1856:
1827:
914:
600:
373:
3700:
3188:, the newly re-elected Hinderburg refused to sign any more decrees and Brüning resigned. A
2024:
1701:
1202:
1101:
1052:
971:
966:
961:
929:
898:
769:
593:
587:
8:
3176:
As a result of the election, Brüning lost his majority in the Reichstag and continued to
2556:
2173:
The DNVP received 13% in rural areas, twice as much what it received in urban areas. The
2047:
1997:
1671:
1651:
707:
2005:
577:
3651:
2387:
2104:
2040:
1656:
848:
3151:
3607:
3588:
3552:
3520:
3477:
3450:
3366:
3338:
1676:
1009:
3546:
3471:
3444:
199:
3643:
3621:
2147:
2016:
1045:
423:
105:
403:
3576:
3193:
2084:
1950:
1897:
1805:
388:
189:
3358:
3177:
3170:
1883:
853:
2100:
154:
4214:
3524:
3428:
3189:
3181:
2170:
elections. The 28 other political parties shared the remainder of the votes.
835:
3473:
Germany tried democracy; a political history of the Reich from 1918 to 1933
3446:
Germany tried democracy; a political history of the Reich from 1918 to 1933
2080:
428:
194:
169:
2834:
German Cultural Party of Intellectual Professions, Employees and Officials
721:
2189:
2073:
2015:
The new government was confronted with the economic crisis caused by the
814:
418:
1892:
3655:
3625:
3581:
The Nazi Voter: The Social Foundations of Fascism in Germany, 1919-1933
2812:
Disabled Veterans and Survivors of the German Side, Including the Found
2243:
2096:
2009:
1965:(NSDAP) dramatically increased its number of seats from 12 to 107. The
1962:
214:
139:
879:
184:
3647:
3695:
2127:. The Nazis increased their number of seats from 12 to 107. The
2123:
The election had a voter turnout of 82%, the highest since the
3335:
The Fateful Alliance: German Conservatives and Nazis in 1933
3266:
3254:
3242:
3218:
3363:
Social Change and Political Development in Weimar Germany
3476:. Internet Archive. New York, W.W. Norton. p. 403.
3449:. Internet Archive. New York, W.W. Norton. p. 449.
3391:
3379:
2746:
Free Association of Craftsmen, Retailers, and Tradesmen
2177:
reported that half of its members voted for the Nazis.
3403:
3302:
3290:
3278:
3314:
3204:(DVP); after a few months of ineffectual leadership,
3171:
intensification of the fight against Social Democracy
1953:
on 14 September 1930. Despite losing ten seats, the
2175:
German National Association of Commercial Employees
3544:
3357:
3230:
4212:
2790:German Unity Party for the True National Economy
614:
3551:. Internet Archive. Addison-Wesley. p. 8.
2412:Christian-National Peasants' and Farmers' Party
2160:Christian-National Peasants' and Farmers' Party
3678:
3606:(1. ed.). Baden-Baden: Nomos Verl.-Ges.
1927:
3601:
3415:
3248:
3224:
1996:. The coalition collapsed on 27 March 1930.
3685:
3671:
3337:. Oxford: Berghahn Books. pp. 50–51.
2532:Reich Party for Civil Rights and Deflation
2072:The Centre Party shifted right-ward after
1961:, winning 143 of the 577 seats, while the
1934:
1920:
3626:"The German Reichstag Elections of 1930"
3575:
3469:
3442:
3397:
3385:
3308:
3296:
3284:
3272:
3260:
2109:
1957:(SPD) remained the largest party in the
1203:Federal Republic of Germany (since 1949)
3620:
3602:Nohlen, Dieter; Stöver, Philip (2010).
3409:
3320:
3236:
2672:German House and Property Owners' Party
700:This article is part of a series on the
4213:
4104:See also: Elections and referendums in
3640:American Political Science Association
3365:. Croom Helm. pp. 147, 148, 277.
2364:Reich Party of the German Middle Class
3666:
3136:
3123:
3110:
3097:
2196:
3701:Elections and referendums in Germany
3604:Elections in Europe: a data handbook
3332:
3032:People's Party of the Lusatian Sorbs
2900:Humanity Party and the New Community
2114:Election poster of the Zentrum party
2012:, who formed a minority government.
3496:
3192:was formed under the leadership of
3184:forms of government. Following the
2988:Prussian-Lithunanian People's Party
2723:Independent Social Democratic Party
2034:
13:
3585:University of North Carolina Press
3421:
2966:Workers Party for Creative Workers
2604:Christian Social Peoples Community
2129:Social Democratic Party of Germany
1955:Social Democratic Party of Germany
720:
14:
4252:
3631:American Political Science Review
3513:"GERMANY: Hitler Into Chancellor"
3470:Halperin, Samuel William (1965).
3443:Halperin, Samuel William (1965).
2856:Tradesmen, Craftsmen, Home Owners
2460:Christian Social People's Service
2152:Christian Social People's Service
582:Results by electoral constituency
4231:Elections in the Weimar Republic
3694:
2188:
2144:German National People's Party's
2039:In 1930, Germany was formally a
1891:
1877:
599:
586:
576:
560:
559:
552:
551:
544:
543:
503:
502:
495:
494:
487:
486:
402:
387:
372:
337:
336:
329:
328:
321:
320:
276:
275:
268:
267:
260:
259:
168:
153:
138:
100:
99:
86:
85:
25:
3538:
3505:
3490:
3463:
3436:
3351:
3326:
3010:Renter and People's Reich Party
76:289 seats needed for a majority
3569:
3424:"How the left enabled fascism"
3198:German National People's Party
2316:German National People's Party
2029:German National People's Party
1796:Politics of the European Union
1:
3548:Hitler's thirty days to power
3361:; Feuchtwanger, E.J. (1981).
3211:
2534:–Christian Social Reich Party
1972:
594:district and independent city
4236:Federal elections in Germany
3501:(1987 ed.). p. 27.
3159:
2650:Schmalix Greater German List
1982:1928 German federal election
1747:Foreign relations by country
939:Federal Constitutional Court
746:Federal Constitutional Court
19:1930 German federal election
7:
3545:Henry Ashby Turner (1996).
2695:Conservative People's Party
2508:Conservative People's Party
2156:Conservative People's Party
2067:
2055:proportional representation
1151:Weimar Republic (1919–1933)
47:14 September 1930
10:
4257:
3208:was called by Hinderburg.
3186:1932 presidential election
2768:Radical German State Party
2268:Communist Party of Germany
2133:Communist Party of Germany
2118:
828:Vice Chancellor of Germany
619:Government before election
4226:1930 elections in Germany
4099:
4056:
3993:
3970:
3707:
3149:
3145:
3137:Registered voters/turnout
3132:
3119:
3106:
3093:
3073:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2187:
1069:Collective municipality (
654:Government after election
612:
572:
345:
112:
94:
80:
69:
35:
23:
4221:1930 elections in Europe
3249:Nohlen & Stöver 2010
3225:Nohlen & Stöver 2010
2061:, veto laws, and invoke
2004:politician and academic
1632:State and local politics
1177:East Germany (1949–1960)
3708:Parliamentary elections
2699:German-Hanoverian Party
2581:German-Hanoverian Party
2436:Bavarian People's Party
2220:Social Democratic Party
2044:parliamentary democracy
1788:International Relations
778:Frank-Walter Steinmeier
4152:North Rhine-Westphalia
4147:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
3972:Presidential elections
3497:Strauss, Franz Josef.
3333:Beck, Hermann (2009).
2115:
1692:North Rhine-Westphalia
1687:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
1302:Parliamentary election
1143:Presidential elections
725:
605:Results for each party
4241:September 1930 events
4195:Free State of Prussia
3202:German People's Party
2944:Party Against Alcohol
2627:Polish People's Party
2484:German Farmers' Party
2340:German People's Party
2164:German People's Party
2113:
1988:was formed under the
1846:Agrarian Conservatism
916:Gemeinsamer Ausschuss
909:Vermittlungsausschuss
802:Chancellor of Germany
724:
659:First Brüning cabinet
624:First Brüning cabinet
71:All 577 seats in the
4157:Rhineland-Palatinate
2025:internal devaluation
1998:President Hindenburg
1818:Political ideologies
1697:Rhineland-Palatinate
1131:Federal Convention (
770:President of Germany
3519:. 6 February 1933.
3111:Invalid/blank votes
2557:Agricultural League
2184:
2076:became its leader.
2048:Paul von Hindenburg
2046:, led by President
1898:Politics portal
455:Last election
226:Last election
20:
4177:Schleswig-Holstein
3995:European elections
3275:, p. 131-132.
3263:, p. 189-190.
2922:Evangelical voters
2388:German State Party
2183:
2148:Alfred Hugenberg's
2116:
2105:Berlin Sportpalast
1884:Germany portal
1717:Schleswig-Holstein
1562:European elections
1027:State Parliament (
1022:Minister president
726:
512:Popular vote
285:Popular vote
18:
4208:
4207:
4107:Baden-Württemberg
3558:978-0-201-40714-3
3483:978-0-393-00280-5
3456:978-0-393-00280-5
3157:
3156:
2107:on 12 September.
1990:Social Democratic
1947:Federal elections
1944:
1943:
1824:Political culture
1737:Foreign relations
1647:Baden-Württemberg
1133:Bundesversammlung
1116:Political parties
711:
693:
692:
689:
688:
568:
567:
483:Seat change
256:Seat change
229:29.8%, 153 seats
65:
64:
4248:
3699:
3698:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3664:
3663:
3659:
3617:
3598:
3577:Childers, Thomas
3563:
3562:
3542:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3531:
3509:
3503:
3502:
3499:Die Erinnerungen
3494:
3488:
3487:
3467:
3461:
3460:
3440:
3434:
3433:
3419:
3413:
3407:
3401:
3395:
3389:
3383:
3377:
3376:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3330:
3324:
3318:
3312:
3306:
3300:
3294:
3288:
3282:
3276:
3270:
3264:
3258:
3252:
3246:
3240:
3234:
3228:
3222:
3169:calling for an “
2192:
2185:
2182:
2035:Electoral system
2017:Great Depression
2006:Heinrich Brüning
1936:
1929:
1922:
1900:
1896:
1895:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1862:Social Democracy
1738:
1111:Electoral system
1104:
1047:Regierungsbezirk
1002:
932:
861:Federal agencies
739:
738:
714:
709:
701:
695:
694:
615:
606:
603:
596:
590:
583:
580:
563:
562:
555:
554:
547:
546:
506:
505:
498:
497:
490:
489:
461:14.2%, 73 seats
458:12.1%, 61 seats
424:Alfred Hugenberg
406:
391:
376:
340:
339:
332:
331:
324:
323:
279:
278:
271:
270:
263:
262:
235:10.6%, 54 seats
172:
157:
142:
114:
113:
103:
102:
89:
88:
54:
52:
37:
36:
30:
29:
28:
21:
17:
4256:
4255:
4251:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4246:
4245:
4211:
4210:
4209:
4204:
4095:
4052:
3989:
3966:
3703:
3693:
3691:
3648:10.2307/1946755
3614:
3595:
3572:
3567:
3566:
3559:
3543:
3539:
3529:
3527:
3511:
3510:
3506:
3495:
3491:
3484:
3468:
3464:
3457:
3441:
3437:
3422:Winner, David.
3420:
3416:
3408:
3404:
3396:
3392:
3384:
3380:
3373:
3359:Bessel, Richard
3356:
3352:
3345:
3331:
3327:
3319:
3315:
3307:
3303:
3295:
3291:
3283:
3279:
3271:
3267:
3259:
3255:
3247:
3243:
3235:
3231:
3223:
3219:
3214:
3206:a snap election
3200:(DNVP) and the
3194:Franz von Papen
3162:
2121:
2085:Joseph Goebbels
2070:
2037:
2021:war reparations
1986:grand coalition
1975:
1940:
1911:
1907:Other countries
1890:
1889:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1832:
1819:
1811:
1810:
1792:
1784:
1751:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1642:
1633:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1566:
1558:
1557:
1306:
1298:
1297:
1199:
1173:
1147:
1139:
1106:
1102:
1094:
1093:
1042:
1004:
1000:
992:
991:
983:
943:
934:
930:
922:
921:
904:
874:
866:
865:
845:
796:
788:
787:
764:
756:
755:
741:
736:
734:
712:
708:
699:
661:
656:
626:
621:
613:
608:
607:
604:
597:
591:
584:
581:
573:
469:Seats won
464:8.7%, 45 seats
410:
409:
408:
407:
395:
394:
393:
392:
380:
379:
378:
377:
346:
240:Seats won
232:2.6%, 12 seats
190:Arthur Crispien
188:
176:
175:
174:
173:
161:
160:
159:
158:
146:
145:
144:
143:
75:
70:
50:
48:
31:
26:
24:
12:
11:
5:
4254:
4244:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4062:
4060:
4054:
4053:
4051:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
3999:
3997:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3987:
3982:
3976:
3974:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3964:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3711:
3709:
3705:
3704:
3690:
3689:
3682:
3675:
3667:
3661:
3660:
3622:Pollock, James
3618:
3612:
3599:
3593:
3571:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3557:
3537:
3504:
3489:
3482:
3462:
3455:
3435:
3414:
3412:, p. 991.
3402:
3400:, p. 173.
3390:
3388:, p. 158.
3378:
3371:
3350:
3344:978-1845456801
3343:
3325:
3323:, p. 993.
3313:
3311:, p. 140.
3301:
3299:, p. 194.
3289:
3287:, p. 138.
3277:
3265:
3253:
3251:, p. 790.
3241:
3229:
3227:, p. 762.
3216:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3178:rule by decree
3161:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3134:
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2907:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2878:Schleswig Club
2876:
2873:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2850:
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2069:
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2036:
2033:
1994:Hermann Müller
1974:
1971:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1938:
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1643:
1641:
1640:
1638:State Politics
1634:
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1091:
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1089:
1078:Municipality (
1075:
1066:
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1050:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1005:
998:
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994:
993:
990:
989:
982:
981:
975:
974:
969:
964:
959:
957:Administrative
954:
948:
947:
946:Federal courts
942:
941:
935:
928:
927:
924:
923:
920:
919:
912:
903:
902:
895:
894:
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886:constituencies
875:
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871:
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863:
858:
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844:
843:
832:
831:
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773:
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761:
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748:
742:
732:
731:
728:
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691:
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651:
610:
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273:
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257:
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246:
241:
237:
236:
233:
230:
227:
223:
222:
217:
212:
207:
203:
202:
200:Ernst Thälmann
197:
192:
182:
178:
177:
167:
166:
165:
164:
162:
152:
151:
150:
149:
147:
137:
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128:
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110:
109:
96:
92:
91:
82:
78:
77:
67:
66:
63:
62:
56:
44:
33:
32:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4253:
4242:
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4234:
4232:
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4224:
4222:
4219:
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4216:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4172:Saxony-Anhalt
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
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4128:
4125:
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4115:
4113:
4110:
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4098:
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4039:
4036:
4034:
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4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
4000:
3998:
3996:
3992:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3969:
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3808:
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3637:
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3623:
3619:
3615:
3613:9783832956097
3609:
3605:
3600:
3596:
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3574:
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3485:
3479:
3475:
3474:
3466:
3458:
3452:
3448:
3447:
3439:
3431:
3430:
3429:New Statesman
3425:
3418:
3411:
3406:
3399:
3398:Childers 1983
3394:
3387:
3386:Childers 1983
3382:
3374:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3354:
3346:
3340:
3336:
3329:
3322:
3317:
3310:
3309:Childers 1983
3305:
3298:
3297:Childers 1983
3293:
3286:
3285:Childers 1983
3281:
3274:
3273:Childers 1983
3269:
3262:
3261:Childers 1983
3257:
3250:
3245:
3238:
3233:
3226:
3221:
3217:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3182:authoritarian
3179:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3153:
3148:
3142:
3139:
3135:
3129:
3126:
3122:
3116:
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3109:
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3100:
3096:
3092:
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3079:
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3018:
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3009:
3007:
3006:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2987:
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2897:
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2801:
2798:
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2770:
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2700:
2696:
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2649:
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2506:
2504:
2503:
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2493:
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2307:
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2259:
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2240:
2239:
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2223:
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2218:
2216:
2215:
2195:
2191:
2186:
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2178:
2176:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2125:1919 election
2112:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2092:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2077:
2075:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2042:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1949:were held in
1948:
1937:
1932:
1930:
1925:
1923:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1888:
1885:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1732:
1731:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1712:Saxony-Anhalt
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1098:
1097:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1043:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1007:
1006:
1003:
996:
995:
988:
985:
984:
980:
977:
976:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
949:
945:
944:
940:
937:
936:
933:
926:
925:
918:
917:
913:
911:
910:
906:
905:
901:
900:
896:
892:
889:
887:
884:
883:
882:
881:
877:
876:
870:
869:
862:
859:
855:
852:
851:
850:
847:
846:
841:
837:
836:Robert Habeck
834:
833:
830:
829:
825:
824:
820:
816:
813:
812:
808:
804:
803:
799:
798:
792:
791:
783:
779:
776:
775:
772:
771:
767:
766:
763:Head of State
760:
759:
752:
749:
747:
744:
743:
740:
735:Constitution
730:
729:
723:
719:
718:
715:
706:
705:
702:
697:
696:
685:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
655:
652:
650:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
620:
617:
616:
611:
602:
595:
589:
579:
571:
558:
550:
542:
539:
538:
534:
531:
528:
525:
524:
520:
517:
514:
511:
510:
501:
493:
485:
482:
481:
477:
474:
471:
468:
467:
463:
460:
457:
454:
453:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
434:
433:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
414:
413:
405:
397:
390:
382:
375:
367:
364:
363:
359:
356:
354:Fourth party
353:
350:
349:
344:
335:
327:
319:
316:
315:
311:
308:
306:
303:
300:
299:
295:
292:
290:
287:
284:
283:
274:
266:
258:
255:
254:
250:
247:
245:
242:
239:
238:
234:
231:
228:
225:
224:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
205:
204:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
186:
183:
180:
179:
171:
163:
156:
148:
141:
133:
130:
129:
125:
123:Second party
122:
119:
116:
115:
111:
107:
97:
93:
83:
79:
74:
68:
61: →
60:
57:
55:
45:
43:
40:←
39:
38:
34:
22:
16:
4200:East Prussia
4190:East Germany
4186:
4142:Lower Saxony
4103:
3960:
3824:
3635:
3629:
3603:
3580:
3547:
3540:
3528:. Retrieved
3516:
3507:
3498:
3492:
3472:
3465:
3445:
3438:
3427:
3417:
3410:Pollock 1930
3405:
3393:
3381:
3362:
3353:
3334:
3328:
3321:Pollock 1930
3316:
3304:
3292:
3280:
3268:
3256:
3244:
3237:Pollock 1930
3232:
3220:
3175:
3167:The Red Flag
3166:
3163:
3152:Gonschior.de
2292:Centre Party
2179:
2172:
2162:(CNBL). The
2141:
2122:
2093:
2089:
2081:Adolf Hitler
2078:
2071:
2052:
2038:
2014:
2002:Centre Party
1979:
1976:
1945:
1842:Conservatism
1787:
1746:
1682:Lower Saxony
1637:
1616:
1561:
1551:
1415:
1301:
1291:
1142:
1132:
1079:
1070:
1054:
1046:
1028:
1011:
1008:
1001:Subdivisions
987:Other courts
979:Joint Senate
915:
908:
897:
878:
826:
800:
768:
751:Human rights
710:Politics of
698:
657:
653:
622:
618:
429:Ernst Scholz
360:Sixth party
357:Fifth party
304:
288:
243:
195:Adolf Hitler
126:Third party
120:First party
84:42,982,912 (
46:
15:
4122:Brandenburg
4058:Referendums
3830:1932 (July)
3642:: 989–995.
3570:Works cited
3190:new cabinet
3124:Total votes
3098:Valid votes
2158:(KVP), and
2074:Ludwig Kaas
2063:article 48.
2041:multi-party
1992:chancellor
1662:Brandenburg
1421:1932 (July)
1121:Referendums
1036:composition
873:Legislature
815:Olaf Scholz
737:(Basic Law)
592:Results by
526:Percentage
419:Ludwig Kaas
301:Percentage
4215:Categories
3845:1933 (Nov)
3840:1933 (Mar)
3835:1932 (Nov)
3815:1924 (Dec)
3810:1924 (May)
3725:1867 (Aug)
3720:1867 (Feb)
3594:0807815705
3372:085664921X
3212:References
3140:42,982,912
3127:35,224,499
3101:34,956,471
3077:34,956,471
2244:Nazi Party
2139:election.
2097:Lustgarten
2083:appointed
2059:Chancellor
2010:chancellor
2000:appointed
1980:After the
1973:Background
1967:Communists
1963:Nazi Party
1857:Liberalism
1828:Federalism
1436:1933 (Nov)
1431:1933 (Mar)
1426:1932 (Nov)
1406:1924 (Dec)
1401:1924 (May)
1316:1867 (Aug)
1311:1867 (Feb)
1126:Coalitions
1053:District (
521:1,577,365
518:2,457,686
515:4,127,000
296:4,590,160
293:6,379,672
81:Registered
51:1930-09-14
4182:Thuringia
3525:0040-781X
3160:Aftermath
3054:Friesland
2440:1,058,637
2416:1,108,043
2392:1,322,034
2368:1,361,762
2344:1,577,365
2320:2,457,686
2296:4,127,000
2272:4,590,160
2248:6,379,672
2224:8,575,244
2168:July 1932
1959:Reichstag
1852:Far-right
1837:Communism
1722:Thuringia
1103:Elections
931:Judiciary
899:Bundesrat
880:Bundestag
795:Executive
289:8,575,244
185:Otto Wels
73:Reichstag
59:July 1932
4162:Saarland
3624:(1930).
3579:(1983).
3150:Source:
2154:(CSVD),
2068:Campaign
1806:Passport
1702:Saarland
1080:Gemeinde
952:Ordinary
4187:former:
4132:Hamburg
4112:Bavaria
3656:1946755
3530:29 June
3114:268,028
2585:144,286
2561:193,926
2537:271,291
2512:290,579
2488:339,434
2464:868,269
2119:Results
2101:Bunzlau
1951:Germany
1672:Hamburg
1652:Bavaria
1029:Landtag
1010:State (
891:members
849:Cabinet
713:Germany
415:Leader
365:
351:
333:15.7pp
181:Leader
131:
117:
98:82.0% (
95:Turnout
49: (
4167:Saxony
4127:Bremen
4117:Berlin
3654:
3610:
3591:
3555:
3523:
3480:
3453:
3369:
3341:
3130:100.00
3080:100.00
2727:11,690
2703:22,218
2675:25,530
2653:26,707
2631:72,913
2607:81,550
2254:+15.62
1780:Russia
1755:France
1707:Saxony
1667:Bremen
1657:Berlin
972:Social
967:Labour
962:Fiscal
854:Scholz
564:4.2pp
556:7.2pp
548:0.3pp
540:Swing
529:11.8%
439:Centre
435:Party
341:2.5pp
325:5.3pp
317:Swing
312:13.1%
309:18.3%
206:Party
4137:Hesse
3652:JSTOR
3638:(4).
3143:81.95
3104:99.24
3074:Total
2947:1,171
2925:1,326
2903:1,626
2881:1,785
2859:3,644
2837:6,181
2815:6,704
2793:6,915
2771:8,841
2749:9,531
2733:−0.04
2681:−0.05
2591:−0.23
2567:−0.10
2543:−0.88
2494:−0.59
2446:−0.04
2422:+1.31
2398:−1.03
2374:−0.61
2350:−4.20
2326:−7.22
2302:−0.26
2299:11.81
2278:+2.51
2275:13.13
2251:18.25
2230:−5.23
2227:24.53
2209:Seats
2200:Votes
2197:Party
1775:China
1760:Italy
1677:Hesse
1055:Kreis
840:Grüne
535:4.5%
532:7.0%
305:24.5%
215:NSDAP
187:&
90:4.3%)
4091:1938
4086:1936
4081:1934
4076:1933
4071:1929
4066:1926
4048:2024
4043:2019
4038:2014
4033:2009
4028:2004
4023:1999
4018:1994
4013:1989
4008:1984
4003:1979
3985:1932
3980:1925
3961:2025
3955:2021
3950:2017
3945:2013
3940:2009
3935:2005
3930:2002
3925:1998
3920:1994
3915:1990
3910:1987
3905:1983
3900:1980
3895:1976
3890:1972
3885:1969
3880:1965
3875:1961
3870:1957
3865:1953
3860:1949
3855:1938
3850:1936
3825:1930
3820:1928
3805:1920
3800:1919
3795:1912
3790:1907
3785:1903
3780:1898
3775:1893
3770:1890
3765:1887
3760:1884
3755:1881
3750:1878
3745:1877
3740:1874
3735:1871
3730:1868
3715:1848
3608:ISBN
3589:ISBN
3553:ISBN
3532:2024
3521:ISSN
3517:Time
3478:ISBN
3451:ISBN
3367:ISBN
3339:ISBN
3117:0.76
3063:0.00
3060:0.00
3038:0.00
3016:0.00
2994:0.00
2972:0.00
2950:0.00
2928:0.00
2906:0.00
2887:0.00
2884:0.01
2862:0.01
2840:0.02
2818:0.02
2796:0.02
2774:0.03
2752:0.03
2730:0.03
2706:0.06
2678:0.07
2656:0.08
2637:0.00
2634:0.21
2610:0.23
2588:0.41
2564:0.55
2540:0.78
2515:0.83
2491:0.97
2467:2.48
2443:3.03
2419:3.17
2395:3.78
2371:3.90
2347:4.51
2323:7.03
2142:The
2137:1928
1984:, a
1801:Visa
1617:2024
1611:2019
1606:2014
1601:2009
1596:2004
1591:1999
1586:1994
1581:1989
1576:1984
1571:1979
1552:Next
1546:2021
1541:2017
1536:2013
1531:2009
1526:2005
1521:2002
1516:1998
1511:1994
1506:1990
1501:1987
1496:1983
1491:1980
1486:1976
1481:1972
1476:1969
1471:1965
1466:1961
1461:1957
1456:1953
1451:1949
1446:1938
1441:1936
1416:1930
1411:1928
1396:1920
1391:1919
1386:1912
1381:1907
1376:1903
1371:1898
1366:1893
1361:1890
1356:1887
1351:1884
1346:1881
1341:1878
1336:1877
1331:1874
1326:1871
1321:1868
1292:2022
1286:2017
1281:2012
1276:2010
1271:2009
1266:2004
1261:1999
1256:1994
1251:1989
1246:1984
1241:1979
1236:1974
1231:1969
1226:1964
1221:1959
1216:1954
1211:1949
1195:1957
1190:1953
1185:1949
1169:1932
1164:1925
1159:1919
1087:list
1062:list
1012:Land
807:list
444:DNVP
248:107
42:1928
3644:doi
3089:+86
3086:577
3057:237
3047:New
3041:New
3035:288
3025:New
3019:New
3013:653
3003:New
2997:New
2991:666
2981:New
2975:New
2969:907
2959:New
2953:New
2937:New
2931:New
2915:New
2909:New
2871:New
2865:New
2849:New
2843:New
2827:New
2821:New
2805:New
2799:New
2783:New
2777:New
2761:New
2755:New
2715:New
2709:New
2665:New
2659:New
2619:New
2613:New
2524:New
2518:New
2476:New
2470:New
2428:+10
2356:−15
2332:−32
2284:+23
2260:+95
2257:107
2236:−10
2233:143
2212:+/–
2206:+/–
2008:as
1770:USA
1071:Amt
819:SPD
782:SPD
683:KVP
679:BVP
671:DVP
667:DDP
648:KVP
644:BVP
636:DVP
632:DDP
507:15
499:32
478:30
475:41
472:68
449:DVP
280:23
272:95
264:10
251:77
244:143
220:KPD
210:SPD
104:6.4
4217::
3650:.
3636:24
3634:.
3628:.
3587:.
3583:.
3515:.
3426:.
2597:−1
2549:−2
2500:−2
2473:14
2452:+2
2449:19
2425:19
2404:−5
2401:20
2377:23
2353:30
2329:41
2308:+7
2305:68
2281:77
1826:/
1765:UK
675:WP
640:WP
491:7
106:pp
3686:e
3679:t
3672:v
3658:.
3646::
3616:.
3597:.
3561:.
3534:.
3486:.
3459:.
3432:.
3375:.
3347:.
3239:.
3083:–
3069:0
3066:0
3044:0
3022:0
3000:0
2978:0
2956:0
2934:0
2912:0
2893:0
2890:0
2868:0
2846:0
2824:0
2802:0
2780:0
2758:0
2739:0
2736:0
2712:0
2697:–
2687:0
2684:0
2662:0
2643:0
2640:0
2616:0
2594:3
2573:0
2570:3
2546:0
2521:4
2497:6
2380:0
2203:%
1935:e
1928:t
1921:v
1848:)
1844:(
1135:)
1082:)
1073:)
1057:)
1031:)
1014:)
842:)
838:(
821:)
817:(
809:)
805:(
784:)
780:(
681:–
677:–
673:–
669:–
665:–
663:Z
646:–
642:–
638:–
634:–
630:–
628:Z
108:)
53:)
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