491:
185:
169:
160:
145:
136:
105:
470:
124:
93:
445:
36:
453:
was carried by the generals, Castro Girona and
Federico Berenguer who managed to capture the undefended heights of Gorgues. Having Gorgues secured, the main army marched south to the valleys of Beni Hassan on the 23rd. A column from Larache was supposed to arrive but it never did, as soon as they marched, they were attacked by unaffiliated Riffians, causing them heavy losses, and retreated.
419:, decided to withdraw his troops to the coast of Morocco. A major evacuation took place at Chefchaoun where a relief force escorted the garrison to Tetuan. During their march, the Spanish suffered constant attacks by the Riffian force, suffering heavy casualties. The retreat was a disaster for the Spanish army, suffering another devastating loss in the war.
499:
united under Abdul Karim's leadership, the prestige of the
Riffians went high, and the rebellion was running at full tide. The capture of Chefchaoun and the partial destruction of the relief force gave the Riffians a large number of weapons and supplies. The Riffian state doubled its size. The Spanish and the French watched for unpleasant events to come.
482:
were killed by the
Riffians. Arriving at Wad Habana, the Riffians easily picked off any Spanish on their sight. Desperate fighting occurred and the last column who arrived at Tetuan were reinforced by airplanes and forces from Tetuan. The Spanish march finally ended on December 13. The victorious Riffians chased them and killed 500 of Franco's troops.
466:
who left the base on the 17th. As the
Spanish were retreating, the Riffians were watching their movements and, on the 19th, a heavy storm and rains slowed down the Spanish march. A strong Riffian force of 7,000 men, led by Muhammad Abdul Karim was waiting for this moment. They heavily attacked the Spanish with full might.
477:
The
Spanish had to fight their way while Castro's advanced guard was lucky to reach the reserve station at Beni Karrich. At Dar Coba, the Spanish were annihilated, and on Sheruta, General Serrano and 1,000 men were killed. The rest reached Zoco where they decided to rest after heavy combat. For three
452:
The long-awaited withdrawal finally began in
September 1924, M’ter and Wad lau were evacuated on September 8, followed by the evacuation of Alcacer Quiber to Tangiers. The only major evacuation was Chefchaouen which had a garrison of 10,000 men and needed escort to Tetuan. On September 16, the relief
498:
Riffian casualties were unknown, but for the
Spanish, they were severe, they lost 800 officers and 17,000 men. Another source puts their casualties at 20,000. Federico Berenguer was wounded on the march. The retreat from Chefchaoun was a disaster for the Spanish, the Arab and the Berber tribes were
465:
On the night of
November 15, the Spanish army evacuated Chefchaoun quietly without being alarmed by the Riffians. Castro Girona led the advanced guard who reached Zoco el Arba on the 18th. The remaining troops, more than 40,000 men, were between Zoco and Chefchaoun. The rear guard was led by Franco
481:
At Wad Nakhla, three armored vehicles were covering the retreat, they were ambushed and held for three days, after that only 6 soldiers out of 14 survived and were taken prisoners, where they were admired by Abdul Karim for their bravery. During the retreat, the wounded soldiers who lay in the mud
435:
On July 24, 1924, Primo de Rivera visited the
Moroccan colony and inspected the frontlines. He also inspected the cities in the colony. Before his trip to Morocco, Primo had already decided to withdraw the Spanish army from Morocco, however, the Africanist faction strongly opposed this, including
456:
The relief force of Tetuan consisted of three flanks, the left was led by Castro Girona, the middle by
Colonel Ovila, and the right by General Serrano. Federico Berenguer led the reserve forces. The relief force under Serrano successfully reached Chefchaoun on 30 September, followed by the other
431:
by the Rif forces of Abdul Karim. After this victory, Abdul Karim established a line of defense at the high elevations of Wadi Kart instead of pressing the attack on the Spanish coastal cities like Melilla, allowing the Spanish to reinforce and re-occupy the lowlands below. In 1923, the Spanish
478:
weeks, the Spanish were surrounded at Zoco, preparing the resume their march. The Riffian forces attacked them daily and frequently, inflicting heavy losses. This was due to supply problems, many of the Spanish were inexperienced and had low morale.
457:
generals later. The main body of the relief army rested while others scouted the area. No major attack by the Riffians but their snipers existed everywhere, hunting any Spanish on their way.
728:
356:
733:
277:
346:
331:
309:
287:
341:
272:
297:
351:
282:
371:
292:
383:
762:
361:
723:
250:
393:
128:
436:
General, Fransico Franco. In the end Primo decided to withdraw the army to the coasts to not make them vulnerable to the Riffians.
727:
Tony Jaques (2006), Dictionary of Battles and Sieges, A Guide to 8,500 Battles from Antiquity Through the Twenty-first Century .
490:
718:
747:
243:
432:
general, Primo de Rivera, launched a coup and took power as a prime minister, establishing a military dictatorship.
752:
65:
236:
772:
757:
302:
411:
was the retreat of the Spanish forces from Chefchaouen during the Rif War. After the major defeat at
777:
336:
314:
782:
416:
717:
Jonathan Wyrtzen (2016), Making Morocco: Colonial Intervention and the Politics of Identity.
8:
469:
376:
109:
97:
321:
388:
150:
767:
428:
412:
326:
189:
174:
27:
722:
David S. Woolman (1968), Rebels in the Rif: Abd El Krim and the Rif Rebellion.
741:
444:
61:
427:
In the year 1921, the Spanish army suffered a crushing defeat at the
260:
35:
228:
732:
C. R. Pennell (2000), Morocco Since 1830, A History.
40:
Rif war map, where Tetuan and Chefchaoun can be seen
739:
415:, the prime minister and the military dictator,
244:
251:
237:
151:
489:
468:
443:
740:
763:Rebellions against the Spanish Empire
232:
13:
14:
794:
183:
167:
158:
143:
134:
122:
103:
91:
34:
698:
689:
680:
671:
662:
653:
644:
635:
626:
617:
608:
599:
590:
581:
572:
563:
554:
545:
536:
527:
518:
509:
52:15 November – 13 December 1924
1:
502:
422:
704:David S. Woolman, p. 144-145
686:David S. Woolman, p. 140-141
632:David S. Woolman, p. 136-137
485:
409:1924 retreat from Chefchaoun
357:Sanjurjo's counter-offensive
21:1924 retreat from Chefchaoun
7:
258:
10:
799:
711:
460:
439:
748:Battles involving Morocco
587:David S. Woolman, p. 131
268:
208:
195:
149:Federico Berenguer (
115:
84:
44:
33:
25:
20:
677:David S. Woolman, p. 140
668:David S. Woolman, p. 139
650:David S. Woolman, p. 139
641:David S. Woolman, p. 137
623:David S. Woolman, p. 136
560:David S. Woolman, p. 131
542:David S. Woolman, p. 123
753:Battles involving Spain
495:
474:
449:
417:Miguel Primo de Rivera
116:Commanders and leaders
605:C. R. Pennell, p. 191
578:C. R. Pennell, p. 191
493:
472:
447:
209:Casualties and losses
173:General Serrano
695:Tony Jaques, p. 226
659:Tony Jaques, p. 226
614:Tony Jaques, p. 226
524:Tony Jaques, p. 226
515:Tony Jaques, p. 226
217:800 officers killed
98:Republic of the Rif
496:
494:Federico Berenguer
475:
450:
773:Conflicts in 1924
758:Guerrilla warfare
402:
401:
227:
226:
80:
79:
790:
705:
702:
696:
693:
687:
684:
678:
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651:
648:
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588:
585:
579:
576:
570:
567:
561:
558:
552:
549:
543:
540:
534:
531:
525:
522:
516:
513:
429:Battle of Annual
380:
318:
306:
263:
253:
246:
239:
230:
229:
190:Francisco Franco
188:
187:
186:
179:
172:
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153:
148:
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146:
139:
138:
137:
127:
126:
125:
108:
107:
106:
96:
95:
94:
46:
45:
38:
18:
17:
798:
797:
793:
792:
791:
789:
788:
787:
778:1924 in Morocco
738:
737:
714:
709:
708:
703:
699:
694:
690:
685:
681:
676:
672:
667:
663:
658:
654:
649:
645:
640:
636:
631:
627:
622:
618:
613:
609:
604:
600:
595:
591:
586:
582:
577:
573:
568:
564:
559:
555:
550:
546:
541:
537:
533:Wyrtzen p. 132
532:
528:
523:
519:
514:
510:
505:
488:
463:
442:
425:
405:
404:
403:
398:
374:
312:
300:
264:
259:
257:
222:
220:
218:
184:
182:
181:
175:
168:
166:
165:
159:
157:
156:
144:
142:
141:
135:
133:
123:
121:
104:
102:
92:
90:
68:
39:
12:
11:
5:
796:
786:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
736:
735:
730:
725:
720:
713:
710:
707:
706:
697:
688:
679:
670:
661:
652:
643:
634:
625:
616:
607:
598:
596:Wyrtzen p. 132
589:
580:
571:
569:Wyrtzen p. 132
562:
553:
551:Wyrtzen p. 132
544:
535:
526:
517:
507:
506:
504:
501:
487:
484:
462:
459:
441:
438:
424:
421:
400:
399:
397:
396:
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386:
381:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
307:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
269:
266:
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256:
255:
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241:
233:
225:
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215:
211:
210:
206:
205:
202:
198:
197:
193:
192:
131:
118:
117:
113:
112:
100:
87:
86:
82:
81:
78:
77:
76:Rifian victory
74:
70:
69:
60:
58:
54:
53:
50:
42:
41:
31:
30:
23:
22:
16:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
795:
784:
783:1924 in Spain
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
745:
743:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
715:
701:
692:
683:
674:
665:
656:
647:
638:
629:
620:
611:
602:
593:
584:
575:
566:
557:
548:
539:
530:
521:
512:
508:
500:
492:
483:
479:
471:
467:
458:
454:
448:Castro Girona
446:
437:
433:
430:
420:
418:
414:
410:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
378:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
316:
311:
308:
304:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
278:Alcazarquivir
276:
274:
271:
270:
267:
262:
254:
249:
247:
242:
240:
235:
234:
231:
223:20,000 killed
219:17,000 killed
216:
213:
212:
207:
203:
200:
199:
194:
191:
180:
178:
164:Colonel Ovila
154:
140:Castro Girona
132:
130:
120:
119:
114:
111:
101:
99:
89:
88:
83:
75:
72:
71:
67:
63:
59:
56:
55:
51:
48:
47:
43:
37:
32:
29:
24:
19:
700:
691:
682:
673:
664:
655:
646:
637:
628:
619:
610:
601:
592:
583:
574:
565:
556:
547:
538:
529:
520:
511:
497:
480:
476:
464:
455:
451:
434:
426:
408:
406:
366:
362:Estella line
337:Monte Arruit
176:
85:Belligerents
26:Part of the
473:Riffian men
375: [
313: [
301: [
204:+40,000 men
129:Abd el-Krim
62:Chefchaouen
742:Categories
503:References
423:Background
486:Aftermath
389:Alhucemas
367:2nd Xauen
332:Dar Drius
322:Igueriben
298:Sidi Dris
283:1st Xauen
201:7,000 men
288:El Biutz
196:Strength
57:Location
768:Rif War
712:Sources
461:Retreat
440:Prelude
352:Melilla
310:Abarrán
273:Larache
261:Rif War
214:Unknown
177:†
66:Morocco
28:Rif War
413:Annual
347:Zeluán
327:Annual
293:Alfrau
73:Result
394:Capaz
379:]
372:Uarga
342:Nador
317:]
305:]
110:Spain
407:The
49:Date
384:Fez
152:WIA
744::
377:es
315:es
303:es
221:or
64:,
252:e
245:t
238:v
155:)
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