264:
27:
145:
248:. Despite the protestations of ill-health which Mallaby-Deeley cited to justify his standing down from Parliament, he lived for another 14 years during which he carried on a substantial business career. The strong likelihood is that Mallaby-Deeley was asked to stand aside and cause a by-election as a route back into Parliament for the
79:
482:
banner would be nominated. A few days before close of nominations, posters bearing the name of W. Lennard appeared in the constituency as an Anti-Waste and
Independent Unionist. The bills warned the electorate that the issue was Anti-Waste or bankruptcy. Lennard indicated that he would announce on 20
458:
candidate at the 1918 general election but the party had not fought in 1922. It was reported however that Labour was seriously considering putting up a candidate for the by-election and the name of Alfred Smith, the
President of the Licensed Vehicle Workers Association and a previous Labour candidate
532:
but this proved highly controversial and the issue was a magnet for a whole range of problems associated with housing, including the failure of the government to increase the number of houses being built, to be raised at
Mitcham and elsewhere, including to Johnstone’s advantage at Willesden. It was
72:
709:
It was hard to discern
Willesden as part of any pattern of political success for the Liberal Party. Cook and Ramsden in their survey of British by-elections comment that none of the by-elections in the 1922-1923 Parliament pointed to the outcome of
483:
February if he intended to stand but despite the appearance of the posters and the decision of the Anti-Waste League to put up candidates at a number of by-elections during this time, most notably James
Erskine's victory at the by-election at
697:
candidate. This tactical advantage was underscored by an unproved allegation against
Stanley that he or his supporters had tried to bribe a Labour man into standing as a candidate for the purpose of splitting the Liberal vote.
1445:
533:
reported that the loss of the by-election would represent a blow for the
Unionist government, although it was too early after the general election to see the results as a definitive verdict on Bonar Law’s administration.
692:
being held on the same day, which the
Unionists also lost, this time to Labour. Clearly the absence of a Labour candidate at Willesden meant the Liberals were able to present Johnstone as the only progressive and
1185:
1208:
484:
51:
41:
1409:
1178:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1204:
1465:
1163:
433:
1256:
1215:
1197:
1171:
1440:
541:
The result was a gain for the
Liberal Party from the Unionists with Johnstone gaining 60% of the poll and a majority of 5,176 over Stanley.
487:
on 7 June 1921, Lennard was not nominated in
Willesden East and the contest was therefore a straight fight between Stanley and Johnstone.
210:
1414:
1250:
500:, polling day was fixed for a Saturday. Housing was featuring strongly as an issue of importance at this time. In the by-election at
464:
460:
1450:
468:
1323:
413:
308:
241:
237:
158:
1277:
725:
718:
689:
513:
509:
501:
472:
448:
425:
272:
245:
1294:
1153:
94:
1470:
1419:
1158:
1317:
1233:
1193:
1311:
721:. At that election, Johnstone narrowly held the seat despite the intervention of a Labour party candidate.
1261:
1460:
524:
while he tried to find a seat to get back into Parliament. His main task as minister was to produce a
1305:
1283:
1455:
1300:
1267:
790:
609:
505:
409:
249:
206:
1328:
1288:
429:
812:
260:
At the previous General Election, the constituency had become a Unionist/Liberal marginal;
165:
8:
785:
666:
604:
525:
382:
301:
234:
169:
109:
1475:
856:
761:
754:
685:
659:
579:
572:
521:
440:
337:
332:
184:
180:
104:
89:
496:
Controversially in a constituency where over six thousand electors were thought to be
807:
479:
455:
467:
was mentioned. Smith later gained election to the House of Commons as Labour MP for
864:
671:
390:
1085:
The Austen Chamberlain Diary Letters: The correspondence of Sir Austen Chamberlain
711:
417:
218:
214:
263:
1446:
By-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in London constituencies
1434:
840:
715:
641:
504:
being held on the same day as Willesden East, the Unionist candidate was Sir
365:
78:
744:
562:
291:
529:
421:
202:
447:
who had also served in the War and who had fought Willesden East at the
213:
held on 3 March 1923. The constituency was a large one extending from
517:
71:
478:
At one point it seemed possible that a candidate standing under the
144:
444:
428:
from 1910 to 1922. Although out of Parliament, Stanley was still a
1087:; Royal Historical Society, Cambridge University Press, 1995 p221
222:
701:
The loss of Willesden by such a large majority was unexpected
233:
The by-election was caused by the resignation of the sitting
694:
497:
244:. Mallaby-Deeley had been MP for Willesden East since the
475:. In the end Labour decided not to contest the election.
977:; Political Reference Publications, Glasgow, 1949 p277
942:; Political Reference Publications, Glasgow, 1949 p277
1140:; Political Reference Publications, Glasgow 1949, p277
1075:; Political Reference Publications, Glasgow 1949, p277
688:as a “smash” and a bad omen for the by-election at
975:British Parliamentary Election Results, 1918-1949
940:British Parliamentary Election Results, 1918-1949
1432:
1138:British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949
1073:British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949
434:Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department
153:
1179:
416:. Stanley had been a soldier serving in the
1186:
1172:
1466:Elections in the London Borough of Brent
520:’s offer to remain in the government as
508:. Griffth-Boscawen had lost his seat at
451:losing by 1,314 votes to Mallaby-Deeley.
262:
951:Colin Rallings & Michael Thrasher,
1433:
1209:32nd Parliament of the United Kingdom
1167:
839:
731:
684:The Liberal victory was described by
640:
549:
364:
278:
1441:1923 elections in the United Kingdom
1006:Sources in British Political History
255:
1154:List of United Kingdom by-elections
719:general election of 6 December 1923
13:
1159:United Kingdom by-election records
955:; Ashgate Publishing, 2007 p135 n1
14:
1487:
953:British electoral facts 1832-2006
545:Willesden East by-election, 1923
514:general election of November 1922
1125:By-elections in British politics
1053:The Times, 28 February 1923, p12
1044:The Times, 26 February 1923, p15
1017:The Times, 26 February 1923, p15
907:The Times, 14 February 1923, p14
889:The Times, 14 February 1923, p14
726:General election 6 December 1923
199:1923 Willesden East by-election
143:
77:
70:
25:
1130:
1123:Chris Cook & John Ramsden,
1117:
1108:
1099:
1090:
1078:
1065:
1056:
1047:
1038:
1035:The Times, 22 February 1923, p7
1029:
1026:The Times, 28 February 1923, p8
1020:
1011:
998:
995:The Times, 23 February 1923, p9
989:
986:The Times, 16 February 1923, p7
980:
964:The Times, 16 February 1923, p7
929:; Christopher Johnson, 1950 p61
916:The Times, 6 February 1937, p14
898:The Times, 6 February 1937, p14
443:, 27-year-old son of a British
19:1923 Willesden East by-election
1451:Political history of Middlesex
967:
958:
945:
932:
919:
910:
901:
892:
883:
424:. He had been Unionist MP for
1:
876:
402:
1114:The Times, 5 March 1923, p12
1105:The Times, 1 March 1923, p12
1096:The Times, 3 March 1923, p10
704:
7:
1257:Whitechapel and St George's
1147:
1062:The Times,3 March 1923, p11
491:
408:The Unionist candidate was
10:
1492:
228:
1471:20th century in Middlesex
1337:
1242:
1225:
855:
826:
743:
740:
737:
734:
658:
624:
561:
558:
555:
552:
536:
439:The Liberals re-selected
381:
351:
290:
287:
284:
281:
151:
141:
62:
35:
23:
1341:Lists of UK by-elections
1251:Newcastle-upon-Tyne East
791:George Frederick Stanley
610:George Frederick Stanley
506:Arthur Griffith-Boscawen
242:Sir Harry Mallaby-Deeley
207:British House of Commons
485:Westminster St George's
412:, the sixth son of the
268:
1127:; UCL Press, 1997 p40
1008:; Macmillan, 1975 p11
449:1922 general election
273:General election 1922
266:
246:1918 general election
1324:Rutland and Stamford
813:Joseph George Butler
528:on local government
309:Harry Mallaby-Deeley
217:in the south to the
201:was a parliamentary
1278:Liverpool Edge Hill
728:
546:
430:government minister
410:Hon. George Stanley
275:
20:
1295:Berwick-upon-Tweed
762:Harcourt Johnstone
724:
686:Austen Chamberlain
580:Harcourt Johnstone
544:
522:Minister of Health
441:Harcourt Johnstone
338:Harcourt Johnstone
271:
269:
116:Popular vote
18:
1461:March 1923 events
1428:
1427:
874:
873:
682:
681:
454:There had been a
400:
399:
256:Electoral history
195:
194:
191:
190:
137:
136:
58:
57:
1483:
1420:Hereditary peers
1415:Northern Ireland
1318:Portsmouth South
1234:Portsmouth South
1220:
1211:
1202:
1188:
1181:
1174:
1165:
1164:
1141:
1134:
1128:
1121:
1115:
1112:
1106:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1088:
1082:
1076:
1069:
1063:
1060:
1054:
1051:
1045:
1042:
1036:
1033:
1027:
1024:
1018:
1015:
1009:
1002:
996:
993:
987:
984:
978:
971:
965:
962:
956:
949:
943:
936:
930:
923:
917:
914:
908:
905:
899:
896:
890:
887:
746:
729:
723:
564:
547:
543:
293:
276:
270:
250:Hon. G.F.Stanley
209:constituency of
154:
147:
81:
74:
64:
63:
37:
36:
30:
29:
28:
21:
17:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1456:1923 in England
1431:
1430:
1429:
1424:
1333:
1238:
1221:
1216:33rd Parliament
1212:
1203:
1198:31st Parliament
1194:
1192:
1150:
1145:
1144:
1135:
1131:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1083:
1079:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1003:
999:
994:
990:
985:
981:
972:
968:
963:
959:
950:
946:
937:
933:
927:Trial By Ballot
924:
920:
915:
911:
906:
902:
897:
893:
888:
884:
879:
712:Stanley Baldwin
707:
539:
494:
420:and during the
418:Second Boer War
405:
258:
231:
183:
178:
168:
163:
161:before election
152:
142:
31:
26:
24:
12:
11:
5:
1489:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1303:
1297:
1291:
1286:
1280:
1275:
1273:Willesden East
1270:
1264:
1259:
1253:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1191:
1190:
1183:
1176:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1129:
1116:
1107:
1098:
1089:
1077:
1064:
1055:
1046:
1037:
1028:
1019:
1010:
997:
988:
979:
966:
957:
944:
931:
918:
909:
900:
891:
881:
880:
878:
875:
872:
871:
869:
867:
862:
854:
851:
850:
848:
846:
843:
837:
836:
834:
831:
828:
824:
823:
821:
818:
815:
810:
805:
802:
801:
799:
796:
793:
788:
783:
780:
779:
775:
770:
765:
758:
751:
748:
747:
742:
739:
736:
733:
706:
703:
680:
679:
677:
674:
669:
657:
654:
653:
650:
647:
644:
638:
637:
632:
629:
626:
622:
621:
618:
615:
612:
607:
602:
599:
598:
593:
588:
583:
576:
569:
566:
565:
560:
557:
554:
551:
538:
535:
493:
490:
489:
488:
476:
452:
437:
404:
401:
398:
397:
395:
393:
388:
380:
377:
376:
374:
371:
368:
362:
361:
359:
356:
353:
349:
348:
346:
343:
340:
335:
330:
327:
326:
322:
317:
312:
305:
298:
295:
294:
289:
286:
283:
280:
267:Mallaby-Deeley
257:
254:
230:
227:
211:Willesden East
193:
192:
189:
188:
173:
166:Mallaby-Deeley
149:
148:
139:
138:
135:
134:
131:
128:
124:
123:
120:
117:
113:
112:
107:
102:
98:
97:
92:
87:
83:
82:
75:
68:
60:
59:
56:
55:
49:
44:
33:
32:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1488:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1313:
1312:Leeds Central
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1210:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1189:
1184:
1182:
1177:
1175:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1139:
1136:F W S Craig,
1133:
1126:
1120:
1111:
1102:
1093:
1086:
1081:
1074:
1071:F W S Craig,
1068:
1059:
1050:
1041:
1032:
1023:
1014:
1007:
1001:
992:
983:
976:
973:F W S Craig,
970:
961:
954:
948:
941:
938:F W S Craig,
935:
928:
925:Ivor Davies,
922:
913:
904:
895:
886:
882:
870:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
853:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
838:
835:
832:
829:
825:
822:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
803:
800:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
781:
778:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
763:
759:
757:
756:
752:
750:
749:
730:
727:
722:
720:
717:
716:Tariff reform
713:
702:
699:
696:
691:
687:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
664:
661:
656:
655:
651:
648:
645:
643:
639:
636:
633:
630:
627:
623:
619:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
600:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
581:
577:
575:
574:
570:
568:
567:
548:
542:
534:
531:
527:
523:
519:
516:but accepted
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
486:
481:
477:
474:
470:
466:
462:
457:
453:
450:
446:
442:
438:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
414:Earl of Derby
411:
407:
406:
396:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
379:
378:
375:
372:
369:
367:
363:
360:
357:
354:
350:
347:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
328:
325:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
310:
306:
304:
303:
299:
297:
296:
277:
274:
265:
261:
253:
251:
247:
243:
239:
236:
226:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
187:
186:
182:
177:
176:Subsequent MP
174:
172:
171:
167:
162:
160:
156:
155:
150:
146:
140:
132:
129:
126:
125:
121:
118:
115:
114:
111:
108:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
93:
91:
88:
85:
84:
80:
76:
73:
69:
66:
65:
61:
54: →
53:
50:
48:
45:
43:
40:←
39:
38:
34:
22:
16:
1410:2010–present
1272:
1214:
1205:By-elections
1196:
1137:
1132:
1124:
1119:
1110:
1101:
1092:
1084:
1080:
1072:
1067:
1058:
1049:
1040:
1031:
1022:
1013:
1005:
1004:Chris Cook,
1000:
991:
982:
974:
969:
960:
952:
947:
939:
934:
926:
921:
912:
903:
894:
885:
859:
777:
772:
767:
760:
753:
708:
700:
683:
662:
634:
595:
590:
585:
578:
571:
540:
495:
385:
324:
319:
314:
307:
300:
259:
232:
198:
196:
179:
175:
164:
157:
47:3 March 1923
46:
15:
465:West Leyton
461:Dorset East
203:by-election
127:Percentage
1435:Categories
1262:Darlington
1255:February:
1232:December:
877:References
735:Candidate
553:Candidate
480:Anti-Waste
469:Sunderland
403:Candidates
282:Candidate
221:and on to
219:Welsh Harp
86:Candidate
1476:Willesden
1405:1979–2010
1400:1950–1979
1395:1931–1950
1390:1918–1931
1385:1900–1918
1380:1885–1900
1375:1868–1885
1370:1857–1868
1365:1847–1857
1360:1832–1847
1355:1818–1832
1350:1806–1818
1345:1801–1806
1322:October:
1249:January:
827:Majority
705:Aftermath
625:Majority
518:Bonar Law
422:Great War
352:Majority
181:Johnstone
90:Johnstone
1316:August:
1306:Tiverton
1284:Anglesey
1148:See also
786:Unionist
667:Unionist
605:Unionist
492:Campaign
445:diplomat
383:Unionist
302:Unionist
235:Unionist
205:for the
170:Unionist
110:Unionist
1301:Morpeth
1282:April:
1268:Mitcham
1266:March:
1213:»
1207:to the
1195:«
857:Liberal
845:27,798
841:Turnout
795:11,146
768:11,260
755:Liberal
690:Mitcham
660:Liberal
646:24,472
642:Turnout
586:14,824
573:Liberal
512:at the
510:Taunton
502:Mitcham
463:and at
426:Preston
370:23,736
366:Turnout
342:11,211
333:Liberal
315:12,525
229:Vacancy
223:Neasden
215:Kilburn
185:Liberal
119:14,824
105:Liberal
95:Stanley
67:
1329:Yeovil
1310:July:
1299:June:
1289:Ludlow
1219:»
1201:«
817:5,392
808:Labour
738:Votes
732:Party
676:+13.4
628:5,176
620:−13.4
614:9,648
596:+13.4
556:Votes
550:Party
537:Result
530:rating
498:Jewish
456:Labour
432:being
355:1,314
285:Votes
279:Party
122:9,648
101:Party
1293:May:
865:Swing
820:19.4
798:40.1
773:40.5
693:anti-
672:Swing
665:from
652:+1.8
649:60.2
631:21.2
617:39.4
591:60.6
391:Swing
373:58.4
345:47.2
320:52.8
133:39.4
130:60.6
1243:1923
1226:1922
860:hold
833:0.4
830:114
695:Tory
663:gain
526:Bill
473:1929
386:hold
358:5.6
197:The
52:1923
42:1922
714:’s
635:N/A
471:in
459:at
1437::
745:±%
741:%
563:±%
559:%
292:±%
288:%
252:,
240:,
238:MP
225:.
159:MP
1187:e
1180:t
1173:v
436:.
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