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Every member of the Indian nation heard the death-rattle of the eight heroes who died at the end of the colonizers rope and they went quietly back to their compounds, obediently submitting themselves to the oppressors. The eight men who sacrificed their lives at the end of the rope were the champions
148:
described
Rouleau as a "heavy loser pecuniarily" after the Looting of Battleford – his house had been burned to the ground, and he reportedly promised that "every Indian and Half-breed and rebel brought before him after the insurrection was suppressed, would be sent to the gallows if
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The mass grave near the fort remained unmarked and forgotten for many years. In 1972, the gravesite was rediscovered by students who followed old plans of the fort to find the burial. The location was marked with a concrete pad and chain fence. In later years, this was removed and replaced with a
104:
Thomas
Trueman Quinn was shot in the head. Quinn was a notoriously harsh Indian agent, who kept Indigenous people near Frog Lake on the brink of starvation ("no work, no rations"). Quinn treated the Cree with harshness and arrogance. Before dawn on April 2, 1885, a party of Cree warriors captured
130:
describes the events leading up to the Frog Lake
Massacre and the executions in significant detail. Cameron's friends and colleagues were killed at the Frog Lake Massacre. Cameron testified at the trials against Wandering Spirit and others who participated in the incident.
149:
possible." A "memorial" was sent to the
Department of Justice alleging Rouleau was too personally involved to perform his job as presiding judge in an unbiased manner but his rulings in almost all cases were not struck down.
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The eight convicted murderers went to the scaffold singing their war songs. Although a different eyewitness noted that, unlike the other seven, Wandering Spirit hummed a love song to his wife as his final moment approached.
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There are a number of first-hand historical records that exist of the
Hangings at Battleford. The majority of accounts are written from the perspective of settlers in the area. One example is
176:
The following people were hanged in
Battleford on November 27. The first six were convicted of murders in the Frog Lake Massacre, while the final two were convicted of murders in the
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The hanged warriors were remembered with a pipe ceremony and feast held on June 22, 2019. The news report said "this ceremony takes place every year at this same time the
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As well, Rouleau found two others – Dressy Man and
Charlebois – guilty of murder committed against a Native woman feared of having become a
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At both Frog Lake and
Battleford, some people took up arms against the wishes of their leaders. Some were sentenced to prison terms or death. Others fled to the
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Following the end of the rebellion, marked by the capture of
Batoche, the participants of the events at Frog Lake were arrested and taken to Battleford.
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19:
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modern headstone bearing the names of the executed men. There is also an interpretive panel explaining the history of the burial site.
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The cases against five other Frog Lake participants were also heard by
Rouleau, a Battleford resident. The December issue of the
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A-Pis-Chas-Koos (Little Bear) for the murder of Dill. (A-Pis-Chas-Koos was a Cree chief but not to be confused with
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The death sentences of three – Dressy Man, Charlebois and Mongrain – were commuted.
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shot him dead. In the moments of panic following Quinn's shooting, eight other settler prisoners were shot dead.
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Itka (Crooked Leg) for the murder of Payne, a farm instructor of the Stoney Reserve south of Battleford.
55:. These murders took place outside the military combat that took place during the North-West Rebellion.
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The Cree-speaking men who were sentenced to hang were not provided with translation at their trial.
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He also found two to be guilty of murder in the looting of Battleford and sentenced them to hang.
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refers to the hanging on November 27, 1885, of eight Indigenous men for murders committed in the
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Waywahnitch (Man Without Blood) for the murder of Barney Tremont, a rancher out of Battleford.
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207:(Imasees), son of Big Bear, who was active in the Frog Lake incident and went unpunished.)
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370:"Biography – KAPAPAMAHCHAKWEW – Volume XI (1881-1890) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography"
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of freedom and democracy. They were incomparable heroes, as shown by their last moments.
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Kah - Paypamahchukways (Wandering Spirit) for the murder of T. T. Quinn, Indian Agent.
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Quinn at his home. He refused to go to another location with the Cree warriors, and
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Pah Pah-Me-Kee-Sick (Round the Sky) for the murder of Léon Fafard, a priest of the
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on September 22, Wandering Spirit pleaded guilty and Stipendiary Magistrate
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Manchoose (Bad Arrow) for the murder of Charles Govin, Quinn's interpreter.
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were brought from the school to witness the hangings as a "warning".
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In his 1970s-era histographical account of Indian policy in Canada,
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released a song on the hangings in 2022 titled "Battleford 1885".
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The gravesite is on public property in the Town of Battleford at
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Nahpase (Iron Body) for the murder of George Dill, a free trader.
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Prior to the rebellion the Canadian government's actions in the
407:
Laurie, Patrick Gammie (14 December 1885). "Judging a Judge".
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A headstone placed at the mass grave of the Battleford Eight.
490:. SASKATCHEWAN INDIAN v03 n07 p05. July 1972. Archived from
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Rouleau found the five guilty and sentenced them to hang.
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Their bodies were buried in a mass grave near the fort.
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Kit-Ahwah-Ke-Ni (Miserable Man) for the murder of Govin.
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of the area. Traditional means of self-support, such as
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47:. The executed men were found guilty of murder in the
546:"Traditional ceremony at gravesite of eight warriors"
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resulted in starvation, disease, and death among the
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252:, Howard Adams gives his opinion on the hangings:
66:, where the judge himself suffered material loss.
58:The court trials were presided over by magistrate
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519:. Saskatoon: Fifth House Publishers. pp.
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23:A news article from the December 14th, 1885
432:Beal and Macleod, Prairie Fire, p. 337-338
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62:. The trials and hangings followed the
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16:Hanging of 8 indigenous men in Canada
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81:disappeared with the sale of lands.
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31:, who sentenced the men to hang at
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327:National Indigenous Peoples Day
544:Cairns, John (June 23, 2019).
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122:, first published in 1926 as
570:Capital punishment in Canada
262:Rediscovery of the gravesite
228:Battleford Industrial School
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189:Oblates of Mary Immaculate
124:The War Trail of Big Bear
114:William Bleasdell Cameron
92:Trial and charges of bias
71:District of Saskatchewan
297:52.73175°N 108.294886°W
244:Historical significance
141:sentenced him to hang.
513:Adams, Howard (1975).
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116:, later the author of
41:hangings at Battleford
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488:"Battleford Hangings"
302:52.73175; -108.294886
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178:Looting of Battleford
64:Looting of Battleford
53:Looting of Battleford
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45:North-West Rebellion
446:. pp. xiv, xv.
422:. December 4, 1885.
420:Saskatchewan Herald
418:"Judging a Judge".
293: /
146:Saskatchewan Herald
25:Saskatchewan Herald
474:Frog Lake Incident
457:Beal and Macleod.
444:Frog Lake Incident
392:Beal and Macleod.
333:In popular culture
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98:Frog Lake Massacre
75:Indigenous peoples
49:Frog Lake Massacre
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461:. pp. 338–9.
238:Blood Red the Sun
128:Blood Red the Sun
119:Blood Red the Sun
27:describing Judge
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496:. Retrieved
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459:Prairie Fire
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340:Celtic punk
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288:108°17′42″W
205:Little Bear
51:and in the
375:2017-05-24
351:References
285:52°43′54″N
33:Battleford
550:Sasktoday
472:Kostash.
442:Kostash.
309:near the
564:Category
218:Hangings
160:wehtigo
96:In the
79:buffalo
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498:9 June
342:band
525:ISBN
500:2015
39:The
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521:97
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