133:
966:
valid and canonical. The next morning, on 25 December, a
Scrutiny was held and forty-four ballots were cast; two cardinals were absent, Saraceni and du Bellay. Medici received every vote except his own. He cast his votes for: François de Tournon, Rodolfo Pio di Carpi, Pedro Pacheco de Villena, Ercole Gonzaga, and Ippolito d'Este. This is another clear indication that the preferential ballot was being used in scrutinies, and that an elector could and did vote for more than one person on a ballot. Giovanni de' Medici took the name Pius IV and on the feast of the Epiphany on 6 January 1560 the Cardinal protodeacon Alessandro Farnese crowned him with the papal tiara.
2275:
2405:
2224:
2303:
2371:
2263:
2251:
235:, whose many lands (including the imperial Palia fiefdom) were seized and handed over to the Carafa family. Paul's nephews ruled even more brutally than he and abused their power so much that at one point Paul was forced to step in, stripping Carlo of power early in 1559. Carlo never regained his uncle's favour and after Paul's death he and Paul's other two cardinal-nephews had good reason to fear their enemies would now take revenge.
2388:
2354:
2422:
2337:
945:
party. He then committed himself in writing to cardinal Sforza that he would not endorse any candidate opposed by Philip II. As a result, this session, which selected cardinal
Gonzaga, nearly ended in cardinal Carpi being chosen by acclamation. The protracted conclave led to increasing concern on the streets of Rome, especially since the camerlengo was forced to reduce troop numbers due to financial problems.
2320:
949:
as dean of the college to cardinal
Tournon. Six days later, Saraceni also left the conclave. The French had lost the ability to block the opposing party's candidates, so the Spaniards tried to push through the election of cardinal Pacheco. In the vote on 18 December the Spanish only missed the necessary majority by three votes.
952:
The
Christmas festival was imminent and this led the factions' leaders to make peace and conclude a compromise. At a meeting on 22 December leaders of all three parties met to decide upon a candidate acceptable to all sides. The French suggested cardinal Cesi, the Spaniards suggested cardinal Medici,
916:
The front-runners were still trying for office. However, on 18 September, with the support of
Cardinal Farnese, cardinal Carpi put himself up as a candidate again. Over the next few rounds he received 11–16 votes. On 22 September the French tried to get cardinal Tournon selected, but his chances were
887:
For Carlo Carafa, choosing the new pope was literally a matter of life and death and so he mainly used the conclave to obtain guarantees that he and his relatives would not be punished for their abuses. He had one serious advantage – the
Italian cardinals nominated by his uncle Paul remained loyal to
948:
After the overthrow of the French-backed
Gonzaga, Pisani was suggested as a "transitional pope", but to no avail. Their party in early December waned in numbers – on 1 December cardinal Capodiferro died, while on 13 December du Bellay had to leave the conclave due to illness, handing over his duties
944:
In the first days of
December, in agreement with the French, Carafa again proposed Gonzaga, intending to gain his election by acclamation. However, in the meantime, Carafa received a letter removing the expected guarantees from Philip and he and the French returned to their alliance with the Spanish
924:
On 25 September Philip II's ambassador Vargas arrived in Rome and under his auspices Sforza, Farnese and Carafa met on 2 October. The ambassador suggested Puteo as a candidate instead of Carpi and
Pacheco. Farnese and Carafa refused, however, and the meeting was unsuccessful. Around this time Sforza
903:
In this situation, the normal procedures were implemented. On 8 September electors signed the electoral capitulation, requiring the pope who was elected to continue reform of the church and the curia and to resume the deliberations of the council of Trent and promote peace between
Christian princes.
972:
The choice of Pius IV was a reaction to the brutal rule of Paul IV and his nephews. Pius had nothing to do with his predecessor's pride and arrogance and he resumed and completed the Council of Trent. Although he had fathered three children before his consecration as pope, he kept them in obscurity
965:
and elected Giovanni Angelo Medici as pope by acclamation, ending the longest conclave of the 16th century. The cardinals asked Medici, however, whether he would consent to a scrutiny on the next day. He replied that he would, if they stipulated that the election by acclamation on 24 December was
940:
In the second half of October Carafa broke his alliance with Sforza, as Philip II decided to return the fiefdom Palli Colonnie Marcantonio and ordered the Spanish cardinals to prevent the selection of Gonzaga at all costs. Cardinal d'Este allied himself with Carafa, hoping to win the election, but
899:
The conclave began on 5 September 1559, with 40 cardinals present. Exploiting the fact that the French cardinals had not yet arrived in Rome, the Spanish faction tried to get Carpi elected by acclamation, but this attempt failed because Sforza (one of the factions leaders) opposed Carpi's election
936:
also sent letters to cardinals recommending Gonzaga's candidacy. This breach of the canonical rule that the conclave be held in secret and without any influence from secular leaders outraged the people of Rome into protest, but du Bellay (dean of the College of Cardinals) rejected the objections.
212:, which stipulated that a heretic could not be validly elected pope – however, this was in vain since the College of Cardinals released Morone after Paul's death and allowed him to take part in the conclave. The bull also covered Cardinal d'Este, who Paul complained was trying to become pope by
868:
The College of Cardinals was divided into three factions: a Spanish one (17 Cardinals headed by cardinals Sforza and Madruzzo), a French one (16 cardinals headed by Ippolito d'Este and de Guise) and an "Italian" one (14 cardinals headed by Carlo Carafa and Alessandro Farnese). A few cardinals
238:
Paul IV was rigidly orthodox, intolerant, and authoritarian in manner. Spontaneous riots broke out in Rome after his death, with crowds toppling his statue and attacking the Inquisition's headquarters. Thus 3700 troops were brought in to keep order, including 300 cavalry.
912:
was given 15 votes and 5; others voted for at this point included Rebiba, Ghisleri and Saraceni. Rannucio Farnese got 21 votes in the election on the anniversary of his grandfather's election as pope. From 9 September to 16 December 68 fruitless ballots were held.
907:
For a few weeks voting took place routinely, without any result. Most votes went to minor candidates. The Spanish Pacheco and Cueva were regularly given twelve to twenty votes; on 13 September the Frenchman Leonocourt received 18 votes; on 18 September the absent
953:
but Carafa remained undecided. The French were eventually persuaded to back cardinal Medici, who was also strongly supported by the Duke of Florence and Vice-Chancellor Alessandro Farnese. Carafa also finally supported Medici, who promised him an amnesty.
920:
A few days later, the French agreed with Sforza, leader of the Spanish faction, to support cardinal Gonzaga and push through his election by acclamation. This plan ended in a fiasco, with Gonzadze, Carafa and part of the Spanish faction objecting to it.
985:, a future saint – as for Paul IV's nephews, he showed no mercy, arresting Carlo and Alfonso in 1560 (Diomede had died just after the conclave), executing Carlo in 1561 and only pardoning Alfonso after he had spent over a year in prison.
917:
dashed by Carafa's opposition, who supported the Spaniard Pacheco. In the voting that took place that day, Tournon received a total of 20 votes (including 5 by accession) and Pacheco 19 (including 1 by accession).
2195:
941:
the vote on 1 December showed this was in vain, with many who had promised to vote for him not doing so. The French also – without much success – tried to get cardinals Tournon and Suau elected.
252:
At the time of the conclave there were 55 cardinals, 47 of whom participated in it. Of those 47, one died during the conclave (Capodiferro) and two had to leave early due to illness:
1176:
1076:
1782:
925:
began to fight on two fronts – promising the French faction to keep agitating in favour of Gonzaga and the Italian party that he would do so in favour of Pacheco and Carpi.
524:
896:
The papacy was under criticism for failing to address abuses, and the college of cardinals was split between moderates and conservatives, as well as along national lines.
888:
him. He favoured Carpi and Gonzaga for pope. Although his uncle was an enemy of the Spanish, and encouraged France, Carlo decided to ally himself with the Spanish party.
231:(one of the Borgia popes, who had died on the same date as Paul 56 years earlier), Paul had tried to build up his family's power in Italy, mainly at the expense of the
2394:
969:
Within a week of his election Pius promulgated new regulations governing the secrecy of the conclave, to address some of the outside influence on the conclave.
1169:
611:(18 December 1534) – cardinal-deacon of S. Maria in Via Lata; camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church; archpriest of the Lateran Basilica; administrator of the
2205:
1798:
727:(15 March 1557) – cardinal-deacon of S. Maria in Domnica; librarian of the Holy Roman Church; regent of the Apostolic Chamber; administrator of the
1162:
1661:
1645:
928:
At the end of September and start of October, there was extensive exchange of correspondence between the pro-Spanish cardinals and Philip II.
2078:
2062:
2030:
2014:
1998:
1982:
877:
2110:
2094:
2046:
869:
remained neutral. The Spanish ambassador, Don Francisco de Vargas Mejía, regularly slipped into the conclave to counsel the Spanish group.
564:
1084:
1754:
590:
771:
8 cardinals (5 French, 1 Spanish, 1 Portuguese and 1 Italian) did not come to the conclave. 2 of these 8 died during its sitting:
427:
204:
Even cardinals were accused of heresy – at the time of Paul IV's death, Cardinal Morone was a prisoner of the Inquisition in the
1120:
Négociations, lettres et pièces diverses relatives au règne de François II: tirées du portefeuille de Sébastien de l'Aubespine
706:
Carlo Carafa (7 June 1555) – cardinal-deacon of SS. Vito e Modesto; regent of the Apostolic Chancellery; administrator of the
1047:
189:
Pope Paul IV died on 18 August 1559, aged 83. His church reforms had mainly been based on repressive measures such as the
2291:
1775:
85:
876:
preferred cardinals Carpi, Morone, Puteo, Medici and D'Oler – in short, any candidate other than d'Este or a Frenchman.
2472:
2447:
1128:
1058:
650:
446:
2343:
260:
843:
2452:
933:
318:
95:
788:
811:
582:
2411:
737:
1747:
1638:
1442:
872:
The French candidates for pope were d'Este, Gonzaga and Tournon. The King of France favoured Cardinal Carpi.
834:
477:
105:
2326:
1947:
1926:
1919:
1842:
1726:
1698:
1677:
1505:
1498:
1477:
1470:
1456:
1421:
1414:
1351:
147:
132:
2071:
1654:
1428:
1344:
1197:
1032:
Miranda, Salvador. "Conclave of September 5 to December 25, 1559", The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church
657:
551:
2241:
2055:
670:
400:
174:
2457:
2175:
1705:
775:
497:
442:
743:
Of these 47 cardinals, 37 were Italians, 7 French, 2 Spanish and 1 German. 13 had been appointed by
2477:
2462:
2227:
2185:
1435:
1144:
568:
482:
460:
362:
309:
194:
385:
2467:
1791:
1712:
1185:
909:
820:
805:
533:
454:
295:
264:
142:
294:(1 July 1517) – cardinal-bishop of Frascati; cardinal priest of San Marco; administrator of the
2165:
982:
828:
665:
223:, however – 3 of the cardinals at the conclave were Paul's nephews, the most influential being
205:
1118:
272:
75:
2145:
728:
618:
537:
464:
414:
391:
563:, O.P. (15 March 1557) – cardinal-priest of S. Maria sopra Minerva; Grand Inquisitor of the
313:
1575:
929:
791:(7 November 1533, by Clement VII) – Cardinal-Deacon of Sant' Adriano, administrator of the
707:
646:
608:
326:
282:
546:
8:
2279:
2267:
2103:
2087:
2039:
2023:
2007:
1991:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1940:
1933:
1912:
1905:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1814:
1807:
1768:
1761:
1740:
1733:
1691:
1684:
1670:
1631:
1624:
1617:
1610:
1603:
1596:
1589:
1582:
1568:
1561:
1554:
1547:
1540:
1533:
1526:
1519:
1512:
1491:
1484:
1463:
1449:
1407:
1400:
1393:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1365:
1358:
1337:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1295:
1288:
1281:
1274:
1267:
1260:
1253:
1246:
1239:
1232:
1225:
881:
880:, favored, although no relation, Cardinal Giovanni Angelo de' Medici, younger brother of
847:
838:
824:
792:
697:
676:
640:
622:
573:
555:
492:
491:
Bernardino Scotti, Theat. (20 December 1555) – cardinal-priest of S. Matteo in Merulana;
436:
372:
353:
286:
1149:
2255:
873:
783:
733:
661:
602:
519:
510:
486:
473:
404:
357:
343:
330:
304:
276:
576:, O.F.M.Obs. (15 March 1557) – cardinal-priest of S. Maria in Aracoeli; archpriest of
349:
2377:
1124:
1054:
978:
701:
630:
228:
2360:
884:, an Imperial general in Germany and Siena. In total there were over 20 candidates.
691:(22 December 1553) – cardinal-deacon of S. Tommaso in Parione; administrator of the
413:(19 December 1544) – cardinal-priest of S. Agata alla Suburra; administrator of the
177:' disregard for their supposed isolation from the outside world, it was the longest
852:
815:
779:
756:
688:
639:(19 December 1539) – cardinal-deacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin; administrator of the
612:
598:
501:
380:
366:
339:
291:
285:(22 December 1536) – cardinal-bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina; administrator of the
198:
45:
41:
439:, O.S.Io.Hieros. (20 November 1551) – cardinal-priest of S. Stefano al Monte Celio
275:(9 March 1530) – cardinal-bishop of Sabina; sub-dean of the College of cardinals;
1031:
856:
797:
748:
692:
636:
621:(20 December 1538) – cardinal-deacon of S. Maria in Aquiro; administrator of the
554:(15 March 1557) – cardinal-priest of SS. Nereo ed Achilleo; administrator of the
542:
506:
431:
395:
376:
208:. Paul IV, fearing that Morone might become his successor, issued the papal bull
1154:
1204:
962:
724:
528:
410:
335:
256:
232:
178:
65:
2441:
2135:
974:
823:(16 December 1545, by Paul III) – Cardinal-Priest of Santi Quattro Coronati,
801:
752:
682:
469:
300:
170:
1007:
744:
227:
and the other two being Diomede Carafa and Alfonso Carafa. On the model of
224:
166:
162:
118:
50:
485:(20 November 1551) – cardinal-priest of S. Clemente; administrator of the
2155:
719:
586:
560:
322:
303:(19 December 1544) – cardinal-bishop of Palestrina; administrator of the
190:
2428:
259:(made a cardinal on 21 May 1535) – cardinal-bishop of Ostia e Velletri;
760:
626:
418:
457:(20 November 1551) – cardinal-priest of S. Vitale, Gervasio e Protasio
515:
2309:
518:(20 December 1555) – cardinal-priest of S. Giovanni a Porta Latina;
424:
Giovanni Angelo Medici (8 April 1549) – cardinal-priest of S. Prisca
2250:
837:(27 July 1547, by Paul III) – Cardinal-Priest of Sant' Apollinare,
220:
904:
By the end of September seven more cardinals had arrived in Rome.
814:(19 December 1544, by Paul III) – Cardinal-Priest of San Eusebio,
782:) – Cardinal-Priest of Sant'Agnese in Agone, administrator of the
2262:
594:
577:
2196:
De aliquis mutationibus in normis de electione Romani Pontificis
1145:
http://www.pickle-publishing.com/papers/triple-crown-pius-iv.htm
846:(8 January 1548, by Paul III) – Cardinal-Deacon of Santo Sisto,
660:(16 December 1545) – cardinal-deacon of S. Angela in Pescheria;
715:
711:
649:(19 December 1544) – cardinal-deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro;
463:(20 November 1551) – cardinal-priest of S. Ciriaco alla Terme;
388:(19 December 1544) – cardinal-priest of S. Croce in Gerusalemme
213:
585:(18 December 1534) – cardinal-deacon of S. Lorenzo in Damaso;
394:(19 December 1544) – cardinal-priest of S. Lorenzo in Lucina;
2285:
700:(22 December 1553) – cardinal-deacon of SS. Cosma e Damiano;
536:(15 March 1557) – cardinal-priest of S. Silvestro in Capite;
500:(20 December 1555) – cardinal-priest of S. Martino ai Monti;
1077:"Suffolk: Turmoil and rivalry, as they met to choose a pope"
961:
On the evening of 24 December, 44 cardinals gathered in the
804:) – Cardinal-Priest of San Crisogono, administrator of the
664:; archpriest of the Lateran Basilica; administrator of the
365:(2 June 1542) – cardinal-priest of S. Maria in Trastevere;
279:
and primate of Gaul; general of the order of canons regular
736:(15 March 1557) – cardinal-deacon of S. Maria in Portico;
375:(2 June 1542) – cardinal-priest of S. Cesareo in Palatio;
472:(20 November 1551) – cardinal-priest of S. Maria in Via;
161:(5 September – 25 December) was convened on the death of
1123:(in French). Paris: Imprimerie Royale. pp. 98–105.
673:(27 July 1547) – cardinal-deacon of S. Pietro in Vincoli
565:
Holy Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition
859:) – Cardinal-Priest of Santo Marcello (died 4 December)
509:(20 December 1555) – cardinal-priest of S. Pudenziana;
527:(20 December 1555) – cardinal-priest of S. Pancrazio;
445:(20 November 1551) – cardinal-priest of S. Anastasia;
352:(22 December 1536) – cardinal-priest of S. Eustachio;
2239:
1150:
http://www.vaticanhistory.de/kon/html/pius%20iv_.html
900:
and secretly agreed with d'Este that he should lose.
430:(20 November 1551) – cardinal-priest of S. Prassede;
321:(20 December 1538) – cardinal-priest of S. Cecilia;
403:(19 December 1544) – cardinal-priest of S. Sabina;
685:(20 November 1551) – cardinal-deacon of S. Teodoro
338:(3 May 1527) – cardinal-priest of S. Maria Nuova;
268:(left the conclave on 13 December due to illness )
1184:
545:(15 March 1557) – cardinal-priest of S. Balbina;
2439:
312:(16 December 1545) – cardinal-bishop of Albano;
450:(19 December left the conclave due to illness)
1170:
679:(30 May 1550) – cardinal-deacon of S. Onofrio
201:, dissolving it in 1552 and not reviving it.
1116:
169:as his successor. Due to interference from
1177:
1163:
863:
1070:
1068:
1066:
184:
1043:
1041:
1039:
591:Vice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church
1025:
1002:
1000:
998:
2440:
1063:
1052:, American Philosophical Society, 1984
1207:(1274–1276, 1294–present)
1158:
1036:
973:and out of church governance, unlike
2292:
1050:The Papacy and the Levant, 1204-1571
995:
407:; protector of the Holy Roman Empire
242:
1074:
86:Guido Ascanio Sforza di Santa Fiora
13:
219:Paul IV's reforms did not abolish
14:
2489:
1138:
651:bishop of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
447:archbishop of Acerenza and Matera
2420:
2403:
2386:
2369:
2352:
2335:
2318:
2301:
2273:
2261:
2249:
2223:
2222:
261:dean of the College of Cardinals
131:
981:. His only cardinal-nephew was
934:Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
247:
812:Francisco Mendoza de Bobadilla
197:– he had no confidence in the
39:5 September – 25 December 1559
1:
1186:Papal elections and conclaves
1111:History of the Popes, vol. XV
988:
844:Charles II de Bourbon-Vendôme
615:; protector of the Portuguese
589:of the College of Cardinals;
325:of the College of Cardinals;
827:, inquisitor general of the
789:Odet de Coligny de Châtillon
766:
428:Cristoforo Ciocchi del Monte
369:; protector of the Austrians
7:
1198:Papal selection before 1059
956:
835:Charles I of Lorraine-Guise
738:bishop of Città di Castello
525:Giovanni Antonio Capizzuchi
421:of the College of Cardinals
10:
2494:
1117:Paris, Louis, ed. (1841).
1103:
910:Cardinal Henry of Portugal
878:Cosimo I, Duke of Florence
831:, papal legate in Portugal
671:Giulio Feltre della Rovere
401:Otto Truchess von Waldburg
210:Cum ex officio Apostolatus
2217:
2176:Romano Pontifici eligendo
2122:
1215:
1192:
891:
798:Sanguin Antoine de Meudon
776:Claude de Longwy de Givry
633:; protector of the French
561:Antonio Michele Ghislieri
443:Giovanni Michele Saraceni
139:
130:
116:
111:
101:
91:
81:
71:
61:
56:
38:
33:
23:
2473:16th-century Catholicism
2448:1559 in the Papal States
2186:Universi Dominici gregis
1081:East Anglian Daily Times
605:; protector of the Poles
569:bishop of Sutri and Nepi
483:Giovanni Battista Cicada
461:Giovanni Andrea Mercurio
363:Giovanni Girolamo Morone
310:Pedro Pacheco de Villena
195:Index of Forbidden Books
16:Election of Pope Pius IV
1048:Setton, Kenneth Meyer.
864:Factions and candidates
806:Archdiocese of Toulouse
601:; administrator of the
356:; administrator of the
329:; administrator of the
296:archdiocese of Narbonne
265:archdiocese of Bordeaux
263:; administrator of the
26:September–December 1559
2453:16th-century elections
2166:Ingravescentem aetatem
855:(20 November 1551, by
829:Portuguese Inquisition
800:(19 December 1539, by
666:archdiocese of Ravenna
185:Death and preparations
119:Giovanni Angelo Medici
2146:Aeterni Patris Filius
1755:October–December 1590
778:(7 November 1533, by
729:archdiocese of Naples
538:archbishop of Cosenza
465:archbishop of Messina
415:archdiocese of Amalfi
386:Bartolomé de la Cueva
181:of the 16th century.
930:Francis II of France
708:diocese of Comminges
647:Girolamo Capodiferro
609:Guido Ascanio Sforza
597:; archpriest of the
327:archbishop of Embrun
319:Robert de Lenoncourt
283:Rodolfo Pio di Carpi
96:Robert de Lenoncourt
2288:1559 papal conclave
1008:"Sede Vacante 1559"
882:Gian Giacomo Medici
848:Archbishop of Rouen
839:Archbishop of Reims
825:Archbishop of Evora
793:diocese of Beauvais
698:Girolamo Simoncelli
677:Innocenzo del Monte
641:diocese of Nicastro
623:archdiocese of Auch
556:archdiocese of Sens
493:archbishop of Trani
476:; protector of the
437:Fulvio della Corgna
373:Cristoforo Madruzzo
354:archbishop of Capua
287:diocese of Girgenti
273:François de Tournon
206:castel Sant' Angelo
159:1559 papal conclave
76:François de Tournon
1087:on 7 November 2020
874:Philip II of Spain
808:(died 25 November)
784:diocese of Langres
734:Vitellozzo Vitelli
662:Grand Penitentiary
619:Ippolito II d'Este
603:diocese of Spoleto
583:Alessandro Farnese
520:bishop of Mirepoix
511:archbishop of Pisa
487:diocese of Mariana
474:archbishop of Bari
405:bishop of Augsburg
392:Georges d'Armagnac
358:diocese of Quimper
331:diocese of Auxerre
314:bishop of Sigüenza
305:diocese of Cremona
277:archbishop of Lyon
106:Alessandro Farnese
34:Dates and location
2237:
2236:
1075:RUSSELL, STEVEN.
979:Pope Alexander VI
821:Henry of Portugal
702:bishop of Orvieto
653:(died 1 December)
547:bishop of Béziers
243:Cardinals in 1559
229:pope Alexander VI
155:
154:
29:
2485:
2458:1559 in politics
2433:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2416:
2415:from Wikiversity
2408:
2407:
2406:
2399:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2382:
2374:
2373:
2372:
2365:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2348:
2340:
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2331:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2314:
2306:
2305:
2304:
2294:
2278:
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2266:
2265:
2254:
2253:
2245:
2230:
2226:
2225:
2210:
2206:Normas nonnullas
2200:
2190:
2180:
2170:
2160:
2150:
2140:
2113:
2106:
2097:
2090:
2081:
2074:
2065:
2058:
2049:
2042:
2033:
2026:
2017:
2010:
2001:
1994:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1908:
1901:
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1776:March–April 1605
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1200:
1179:
1172:
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1097:
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1094:
1092:
1083:. Archived from
1072:
1061:
1045:
1034:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1004:
983:Charles Borromeo
853:Girolamo Dandini
816:bishop of Burgos
757:pope Clement VII
710:; gubernator of
689:Louis I de Guise
658:Ranuccio Farnese
613:diocese of Parma
599:Lateran Basilica
574:Clemente d'Olera
552:Jean de Bertrand
502:bishop of Ariano
367:bishop of Novara
340:bishop of Mantua
292:Francesco Pisani
199:Council of Trent
135:
46:Apostolic Palace
42:Cappella Paolina
28:
21:
20:
2493:
2492:
2488:
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2486:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2478:December events
2463:Papal conclaves
2438:
2437:
2436:
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2409:
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2392:
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2381:from Wikisource
2375:
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2293:sister projects
2290:at Knowledge's
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2013:
2006:
1997:
1990:
1981:
1974:
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1918:
1911:
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1101:
1100:
1090:
1088:
1073:
1064:
1046:
1037:
1030:
1026:
1016:
1014:
1006:
1005:
996:
991:
959:
894:
866:
769:
749:pope Julius III
693:diocese of Albi
637:Giacomo Savelli
543:Lorenzo Strozzi
507:Scipione Rebiba
432:bishop of Cagli
396:bishop of Rodez
377:bishop of Trent
350:Niccolò Caetani
250:
245:
187:
151:
145:
122:
49:
40:
27:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2491:
2481:
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2475:
2470:
2468:1559 in Europe
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2435:
2434:
2417:
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2398:from Wikibooks
2383:
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2349:
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2282:
2270:
2258:
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2161:
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2130:
2128:
2120:
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2098:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2020:
2019:
2018:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1972:
1965:
1958:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1923:
1916:
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1895:
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1748:September 1590
1744:
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1730:
1723:
1716:
1709:
1702:
1695:
1688:
1681:
1674:
1667:
1666:
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1639:September 1503
1635:
1628:
1621:
1614:
1607:
1600:
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1460:
1453:
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1443:September 1276
1439:
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1390:
1383:
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1257:
1250:
1243:
1236:
1229:
1221:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1205:Papal conclave
1201:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1182:
1181:
1174:
1167:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1140:
1139:External links
1137:
1136:
1135:
1129:
1114:
1113:, London 1928.
1105:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1062:
1035:
1024:
993:
992:
990:
987:
963:Sistine Chapel
958:
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893:
890:
865:
862:
861:
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841:
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725:Alfonso Carafa
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674:
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616:
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558:
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529:bishop of Lodi
522:
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504:
498:Diomede Carafa
495:
489:
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467:
458:
455:Giovanni Ricci
452:
440:
434:
425:
422:
411:Tiberio Crispi
408:
398:
389:
383:
370:
360:
347:
346:of the Spanish
336:Ercole Gonzaga
333:
316:
307:
298:
289:
280:
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257:Jean du Bellay
249:
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233:Colonna family
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171:secular rulers
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66:Jean du Bellay
63:
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24:Papal conclave
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2490:
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2471:
2469:
2466:
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2445:
2443:
2432:from Wikidata
2431:
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2418:
2414:
2413:
2401:
2397:
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2367:
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2347:from Wikinews
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1352:December 1187
1349:
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1216:Elections and
1214:
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1028:
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976:
975:Pope Paul III
970:
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802:pope Paul III
799:
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790:
787:
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781:
777:
774:
773:
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764:
762:
758:
754:
753:pope Paul III
750:
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739:
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723:
721:
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713:
709:
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703:
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683:Luigi Cornaro
681:
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470:Giacomo Puteo
468:
466:
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324:
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311:
308:
306:
302:
301:Federico Cesi
299:
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70:
67:
64:
60:
57:Key officials
55:
52:
47:
43:
37:
32:
22:
19:
2427:
2410:
2393:
2376:
2359:
2342:
2330:from Commons
2325:
2308:
2287:
2280:Vatican City
2268:Christianity
2204:
2194:
2184:
2174:
2164:
2154:
2144:
2134:
2072:October 1978
1719:
1655:October 1503
1429:January 1276
1345:October 1187
1119:
1110:
1089:. Retrieved
1085:the original
1080:
1049:
1027:
1015:. Retrieved
1011:
971:
968:
960:
951:
947:
943:
939:
927:
923:
919:
915:
906:
902:
898:
895:
886:
871:
867:
770:
745:pope Paul IV
742:
645:
593:; legate in
534:Taddeo Gaddi
449:
267:
251:
248:Participants
237:
225:Carlo Carafa
218:
209:
203:
188:
167:Pope Pius IV
165:and elected
163:Pope Paul IV
158:
156:
124:
123:Name taken:
117:
112:Elected pope
51:Papal States
18:
2310:Definitions
2256:Catholicism
2156:Cum proxime
2056:August 1978
1109:L. Pastor,
780:Clement VII
587:protodeacon
323:protopriest
191:Inquisition
102:Protodeacon
92:Protopriest
2442:Categories
2361:Quotations
2127:(selected)
1706:April 1555
989:References
857:Julius III
761:pope Leo X
627:gubernator
478:Johannites
419:camerlengo
82:Camerlengo
2412:Resources
2395:Textbooks
2125:documents
2123:Governing
1948:1830–1831
1927:1799–1800
1920:1774–1775
1843:1669–1670
1727:1565–1566
1699:1549–1550
1678:1521–1522
1506:1314–1316
1499:1304–1305
1478:1292–1294
1471:1287–1288
1457:1280–1281
1436:July 1276
1422:1268–1271
1415:1264–1265
1218:conclaves
767:Absentees
759:and 1 by
516:Jean Suau
344:protector
175:cardinals
2228:Category
2111:electors
2095:electors
2079:electors
2063:electors
2047:electors
2031:electors
2015:electors
1999:electors
1983:electors
1799:electors
1792:May 1605
1783:electors
1713:May 1555
1662:electors
1646:electors
1012:csun.edu
957:Election
747:, 11 by
221:nepotism
193:and the
179:conclave
173:and the
143:May 1555
72:Sub-dean
2242:Portals
1104:Sources
1091:17 June
1017:17 June
755:, 2 by
595:Avignon
578:Rapallo
150: →
148:1565–66
141:←
125:Pius IV
2209:(2013)
2199:(2007)
2189:(1996)
2179:(1975)
2169:(1970)
2159:(1922)
2149:(1621)
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751:, 20
2429:Data
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2104:2013
2088:2005
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2024:1958
2008:1939
1992:1922
1976:1914
1969:1903
1962:1878
1955:1846
1941:1829
1934:1823
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1906:1758
1899:1740
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