267:
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291:" cardinals (referred to individually as "Limousins"), and the third constituting the five remaining French cardinals. The conclave was delayed one day because of a violent storm, and thereafter the seven Limoges cardinals wishing to leave Rome as Gregory XI had authorized them to were persuaded by the others that such an act would place the college in even more danger. It was midnight on the second day before the servants of the cardinals succeeded in clearing the Old Basilica of those not permitted to remain in the conclave.
1183:
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3125:
3193:
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1961:
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3142:
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328:
Upon the conclusion of the election, the Roman mob entered the site of the conclave, under the impression that an aged Roman cardinal
Tebaldeschi (who had been left in possession of the papal insignia) had been elected, an impression that the remaining cardinals did not disabuse them of as they fled
284:) to prevent "factional coercion", he gave the cardinals permission to hold the conclave outside of Rome and move it as many times as necessary, and also seemingly suspended the two-thirds requirement, replacing it with "the greater part" (an ambiguous statement, in the original).
308:)âthe two claimants of the Avignon line during the ensuing Schismâwere among those who voted for Prignano. Prignano had previously lived in France, which may have softened the blow of his election to many of his French electors. The selection was supposedly "
1278:âclaim that the situation in Rome was less restless. The marked discrepancy between the classes of sources can be explained by the fact that the alleged duress of the mob became the primary argument in favor of the legitimacy of the Avignon claimants.
3017:
278:
Before his death, Gregory XI substantially loosened the laws of the conclave: he instructed the cardinals to begin immediately after his death (rather than waiting the nine days prescribed by the
1245:(1383), which argued in favor of the legitimacy of the Avignon line of papal claimants. Several other eyewitnesses record the chant of the Roman crowd: "We want a Roman or at least an Italian" (
192:
due to the preceding
Avignon Papacy, they succumbed to the will of the Roman mob, which demanded the election of an Italian pontiff. They elected Bishop Bartolommeo Prignano, who took the name
434:
319:
Prignano was accompanied by several other prelates (to conceal the identity of the selected candidate) to the
Vatican to accept his election. To further the confusion, Orsini gave the
1998:
287:
The cardinals were divided into three factions: the first constituting the four
Italian cardinals (two Romans, one Florentine, and one Milanese), the second constituting the seven "
329:
to their personal quarters. The remaining cardinal informed the crowd of the election of
Prignano who was hiding in the "most secret room" until his election could be announced.
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1224:
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842:
621:
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1267:
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345:âwere not accepted into the ranks of the college for the election. Six more cardinals remained in Avignon, and Jean de la Grange was absent as well.
1984:
543:
377:
342:
68:
1255:
2483:
2467:
280:
2900:
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454:
2932:
2916:
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266:
2576:
1552:
861:
1223:, who gained the support of all thirteen of his electors (at the time the entire College numbered twenty-two due to the death of
1208:
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197:
1742:
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1506:
1491:
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253:
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904:
235:
224:
2997:
2527:
1890:
1859:
1737:
675:
337:
Sixteen of the twenty-three active cardinals took part in the conclave. Two possible other cardinalsâ
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Valois, Noël. 1890. "L' élection d'Urbain VI. et les origines du Grand
Schisme d'Occident,"
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witnesses the conclave, and then went on to write one of the first tracts against Urban VI,
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recounts removing his clerical garb for fear of the mob and the constant ringing of bells.
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189:
151:
8:
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120:
115:
1309:
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1965:
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1259:
attests to the general atmosphere of confusion, fear, and panic. For example, canonist
422:
3199:
1712:
1682:
1631:
1605:
1595:
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1502:
1487:
1470:
The
Origins of the Great Schism: A Study in Fourteenth-Century Ecclesiastical History
1348:
1271:
1236:
1027:
781:
3182:
1246:
987:
963:
953:
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892:
856:
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58:
646:
1881:
1816:
1646:
1199:
1042:
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993:
871:
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689:
668:
661:
635:
614:
607:
582:
557:
528:
503:
488:
427:
417:
173:
143:
1976:
2026:
1953:
1783:
1774:
1195:
1061:
163:
139:
135:
1521:
3274:
3263:
2957:
1913:
1898:
1871:
321:
193:
91:
1512:
1215:
The following
September, the French cardinals reunited in Avignon, moved to
1921:
1182:
978:
477:
449:
403:
391:
181:
155:
43:
2977:
949:
865:
3250:
1154: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1207:: this map is highly inaccurate in some regions and borders, see its
3131:
1308:
1129:
3072:
1960:
1585:
1561:
309:
3084:
288:
177:
3018:
De aliquis mutationibus in normis de electione Romani
Pontificis
1524:
Sede
Vacante 1378: List of some important Contemporary Documents
105:
188:. Although the French cardinals constituted a majority of the
3107:
1499:
Poets, Saints, and Visionaries of the Great Schism, 1378-1417
1216:
1530:
1331:
Mediaeval Rome, from Hildebrand to Clement VIII, 1073-1600
176:
died on March 26, 1378, in Rome, having returned from
3061:
1092:. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are
316:, who claimed that he was not "free" enough to vote.
234:. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are
162:(the elections and conclaves in Rome prior to the
2006:
3261:
1202:(1409), which created a third line of claimants.
134:which was held from April 7 to 9, 1378, was the
1349:Papal elections of the 14th Century (1303-1394)
146:. The conclave was one of the shortest in the
1992:
1546:
443:Cardinal-priest of S. Stefano al Monte Celio
304:) and Pedro MartĂnez de Luna y Gotor (future
1472:(London 1948; Hamden CT: Archon Books 1967).
1440:Theodericus de Nyem : Georg Erler (editor),
396:Sub-dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals
1465:Tome premier (Paris: Alphonse Picard 1896).
601:Cardinal-priest of S. Croce in Gerusalemme
180:to pursue his territorial interests in the
1999:
1985:
1553:
1539:
1306:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
734:Cardinal-deacon of S. Angelo in Pescheria
1442:Theoderici de Nyem de scismate libri tres
1343:
1341:
1339:
1170:Learn how and when to remove this message
1112:Learn how and when to remove this message
683:Cardinal-deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro
254:Learn how and when to remove this message
1463:La France et le Grand Schisme d'Occident
1449:Le grand schisme d'Occident Les Origines
1181:
1088:Relevant discussion may be found on the
862:Vice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church
786:Cardinal-deacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin
759:Cardinal-deacon of S. Maria in Via Lata
629:Cardinal-priest of S. Lorenzo in Lucina
551:Cardinal-priest of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo
385:Cardinal-bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina
265:
230:Relevant discussion may be found on the
150:. The conclave was also the first since
1451:2 volumes (Paris-Florence-Berlin 1889).
1287:
1198:; this breakdown is accurate until the
938:Cardinal-deacon of S. Maria in Portico
3262:
1336:
455:Camerlengo of the College of Cardinals
2029:(1274–1276, 1294–present)
1980:
1534:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1397:
1395:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1251:Romano lo volemo, o al manco Italiano
808:
138:which was the immediate cause of the
3114:
1497:Blumenfeld-Kosinski, Renate . 2006.
1387:The Historians' History of the World
1319:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1253:). The contemporary curial document
1152:adding citations to reliable sources
1123:
1065:
522:Cardinal-priest of Ss. XII Apostoli
332:
207:
576:Cardinal-priest of Ss. IV Coronati
270:The conclave was the first held in
13:
1404:
1392:
1354:
14:
3306:
1428:Blumenfeld-Kosinski, 2006, p. 57.
1307:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
435:Guillaume d'Aigrefeuille, iuniore
3242:
3225:
3208:
3191:
3174:
3157:
3140:
3123:
3095:
3083:
3071:
3045:
3044:
1959:
1949:
1948:
1419:Blumenfeld-Kosinski, 2006, p. 4.
1401:Blumenfeld-Kosinski, 2006, p. 3.
1186:Map showing support for Avignon
1128:
1070:
984:Dean of the College of Cardinals
850:Cardinal-priest of S. Anastasia
708:Cardinal-deacon of S. Eustachio
300:, even Robert of Geneva (future
212:
104:
1482:Baumgartner, Frederic J. 2005.
1456:Revue des questions historiques
1139:needs additional citations for
1036:Cardinal-priest of S. Marcello
655:Cardinal-priest of S. Clemente
166:having been held mostly in the
1422:
1379:
1370:
1333:. G. P. Putnam's sons. p. 150.
1323:
1274:, her daughter Catharine, and
777:Pedro MartĂnez de Luna y Gotor
497:Cardinal-priest of S. Cecilia
411:Cardinal-bishop of Palestrina
325:without identifying Prignano.
203:
148:history of the Catholic Church
1:
2008:Papal elections and conclaves
1914:Conclavist/post-Sedevacantist
1560:
1434:
1385:Williams, Henry Smith. 1904.
1242:Tractatus de potestate papali
1009:Cardinal-priest of S. Vitale
569:Hugues de Montelais, le jeune
471:Cardinal-priest of S. Sabina
1055:
912:Cardinal-bishop of Frascati
834:Other ecclesiastical titles
369:Other ecclesiastical titles
168:Basilica of St. John Lateran
7:
2020:Papal selection before 1059
196:. This was the last time a
10:
3311:
1389:. Outlook Company. p. 249.
1347:Miranda, Salvador. 1998. "
1266:Pro-Urban sourcesâsuch as
1230:
1059:
972:Cardinal-bishop of Albano
905:Gilles Aycelin de Montaigu
886:Cardinal-bishop of Sabina
840:
375:
3039:
2998:Romano Pontifici eligendo
2944:
2037:
2014:
1944:
1912:
1891:Apostles of Infinite Love
1889:
1858:
1851:
1815:
1782:
1771:
1655:
1614:
1568:
1376:Baumgartner, 2005, p. 55.
1367:Baumgartner, 2005, p. 56.
312:", with the exception of
112:
103:
89:
84:
74:
64:
54:
49:
36:
31:
21:
16:Election of Pope Urban VI
3280:14th-century Catholicism
3008:Universi Dominici gregis
1772:Late Middle Ages /
1527:. retrieved 02/26/2016.
1281:
1049:Papal legate in Tuscany
822:Cardinalatial order and
357:Cardinalatial order and
272:Old St. Peter's Basilica
160:Old St. Peter's Basilica
40:Old St. Peter's Basilica
1468:Ullmann, Walter. 1948.
1329:Miller, William. 1902.
931:Hugues de Saint-Martial
836:
833:
830:
827:
821:
818:
815:
371:
368:
365:
362:
356:
353:
350:
186:War of the Eight Saints
79:Hugues de Saint-Martial
3270:14th-century elections
2988:Ingravescentem aetatem
1966:Catholicism portal
1461:Valois, Noël. 1896.
1250:
1212:
801:Antipope Benedict XIII
306:Antipope Benedict XIII
275:
2968:Aeterni Patris Filius
2577:OctoberâDecember 1590
1743:Victor IV (1159â1164)
1518:retrieved 02/26/2016.
1447:Gayet, Louis. 1889.
1316:Catholic Encyclopedia
1310:"Pope Urban VI"
1225:Francesco Tebaldeschi
1185:
992:Remained in Avignon;
870:Remained in Avignon;
464:Francesco Tebaldeschi
297:Catholic Encyclopedia
269:
1501:. Penn State Press.
1475:Heimann, C. 2001.
1221:Antipope Clement VII
1148:improve this article
1081:factual accuracy is
1022:Remained in Avignon
986:; archpriest of the
958:Remained in Avignon
952:; archpriest of the
925:Remained in Avignon
899:Remained in Avignon
537:Antipope Clement VII
302:Antipope Clement VII
223:factual accuracy is
190:College of Cardinals
3110:1378 papal conclave
1484:Behind Locked Doors
1458:48 (1890), 353â420.
1276:Dietrich of Nieheim
1270:, the confessor of
1001:Guillaume de Chanac
975:1366, September 18
941:1361, September 17
915:1361, September 17
889:1361, September 17
752:Pierre de la Vergne
474:1368, September 22
132:1378 papal conclave
92:Bartolomeo Prignano
1213:
1039:1375, December 20
853:1356, December 23
843:Pierre de Monteruc
809:Absentee cardinals
789:1375, December 20
658:1375, December 20
632:1375, December 20
622:Pierre de Sortenac
604:1375, December 20
579:1375, December 20
554:1375, December 20
423:Grand penitentiary
276:
200:was elected pope.
32:Dates and location
3059:
3058:
1974:
1973:
1940:
1939:
1838:
1837:
1615:Early Middle Ages
1515:Sede Vacante 1378
1477:Nicolaus Eymerich
1272:Bridget of Sweden
1237:Nicholas Eymerich
1180:
1179:
1172:
1122:
1121:
1114:
1053:
1052:
1028:Jean de la Grange
806:
805:
727:Guillaume Noellet
339:Piero Tornaquinci
333:Cardinal electors
294:According to the
264:
263:
256:
128:
127:
27:
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3246:
3245:
3238:
3237:from Wikiversity
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2598:MarchâApril 1605
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2001:
1994:
1987:
1978:
1977:
1964:
1963:
1952:
1951:
1856:
1855:
1780:
1779:
1738:Victor IV (1138)
1656:High Middle Ages
1555:
1548:
1541:
1532:
1531:
1479:(MĂŒnster, 2001).
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1132:
1124:
1117:
1110:
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1103:
1097:
1094:reliably sourced
1074:
1073:
1066:
988:Lateran Basilica
964:Ange de Grimoard
954:Vatican Basilica
879:Jean de Blandiac
813:
812:
594:Gui de Maillesec
515:Robert de GenĂšve
348:
347:
259:
252:
248:
245:
239:
236:reliably sourced
216:
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208:
108:
59:Ange de Grimoard
26:
19:
18:
3310:
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3290:Papal conclaves
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3259:
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3241:
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3226:
3224:
3214:
3209:
3207:
3203:from Wikisource
3197:
3192:
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3175:
3173:
3163:
3158:
3156:
3146:
3141:
3139:
3135:from Wiktionary
3129:
3124:
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3119:
3115:sister projects
3112:at Knowledge's
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2102:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2053:
2046:
2039:
2033:
2025:
2018:
2010:
2005:
1975:
1970:
1958:
1936:
1908:
1885:
1847:
1834:
1811:
1773:
1767:
1651:
1610:
1564:
1559:
1444:(Lipsiae 1890).
1437:
1432:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1405:
1400:
1393:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1355:
1346:
1337:
1328:
1324:
1305:
1288:
1284:
1268:Alfonso de Jaén
1233:
1203:
1200:Council of Pisa
1176:
1165:
1159:
1156:
1145:
1133:
1118:
1107:
1101:
1098:
1087:
1079:This section's
1075:
1071:
1064:
1058:
994:Cardinal-nephew
872:Cardinal-nephew
811:
701:Pierre Flandrin
669:Cardinal-nephew
615:Cardinal-nephew
489:Bertrand Lagier
428:Cardinal-nephew
335:
260:
249:
243:
240:
229:
221:This section's
217:
213:
206:
174:Pope Gregory XI
144:Catholic Church
124:
118:
95:
38:
25:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3308:
3298:
3297:
3295:Western Schism
3292:
3287:
3285:Avignon Papacy
3282:
3277:
3272:
3257:
3256:
3239:
3222:
3220:from Wikibooks
3205:
3188:
3186:from Wikiquote
3171:
3154:
3137:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3092:
3080:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3023:
3013:
3003:
2993:
2983:
2973:
2963:
2952:
2950:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2936:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2794:
2787:
2780:
2773:
2766:
2759:
2752:
2745:
2738:
2731:
2724:
2717:
2710:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2640:
2633:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2594:
2587:
2580:
2573:
2570:September 1590
2566:
2559:
2552:
2545:
2538:
2531:
2524:
2517:
2510:
2503:
2496:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2473:
2472:
2471:
2461:September 1503
2457:
2450:
2443:
2436:
2429:
2422:
2415:
2408:
2401:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2373:
2366:
2359:
2352:
2345:
2338:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2296:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2268:
2265:September 1276
2261:
2254:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2219:
2212:
2205:
2198:
2191:
2184:
2177:
2170:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2142:
2135:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2058:
2051:
2043:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2027:Papal conclave
2023:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2004:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1981:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1956:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1918:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1895:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1862:
1853:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1845:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1821:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1788:
1786:
1777:
1775:Western Schism
1769:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1668:Anastasius III
1665:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1642:Constantine II
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1572:
1570:
1569:Late Antiquity
1566:
1565:
1558:
1557:
1550:
1543:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1519:
1513:J. P. Adams,
1510:
1495:
1480:
1473:
1466:
1459:
1452:
1445:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1421:
1403:
1391:
1378:
1369:
1353:
1335:
1322:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1232:
1229:
1219:, and elected
1196:Western Schism
1178:
1177:
1136:
1134:
1127:
1120:
1119:
1078:
1076:
1069:
1062:Western Schism
1060:Main article:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
997:
996:
990:
981:
976:
973:
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967:
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959:
956:
947:
942:
939:
936:
933:
927:
926:
923:
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916:
913:
910:
907:
901:
900:
897:
895:
890:
887:
884:
881:
875:
874:
868:
859:
854:
851:
848:
845:
839:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
820:
817:
810:
807:
804:
803:
797:
795:
790:
787:
784:
779:
773:
772:
770:
768:
763:
760:
757:
754:
748:
747:
745:
743:
738:
735:
732:
729:
723:
722:
720:
719:Vicar of Rome
717:
712:
709:
706:
703:
697:
696:
694:
692:
687:
684:
681:
678:
676:Giacomo Orsini
672:
671:
666:
664:
659:
656:
653:
650:
643:
642:
640:
638:
633:
630:
627:
624:
618:
617:
612:
610:
605:
602:
599:
596:
590:
589:
587:
585:
580:
577:
574:
571:
565:
564:
562:
560:
555:
552:
549:
546:
544:Simone Borsano
540:
539:
533:
531:
526:
523:
520:
517:
511:
510:
508:
506:
501:
498:
495:
492:
485:
484:
482:
480:
475:
472:
469:
466:
460:
459:
457:
452:
447:
444:
441:
438:
431:
430:
425:
420:
415:
412:
409:
406:
400:
399:
397:
394:
389:
386:
383:
380:
378:Pietro Corsini
374:
373:
370:
367:
364:
361:
355:
352:
343:Pietro Tartaro
334:
331:
314:Giacomo Orsini
262:
261:
220:
218:
211:
205:
202:
164:Avignon Papacy
140:Western Schism
136:papal conclave
126:
125:
119:
113:
110:
109:
101:
100:
87:
86:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
69:Pietro Corsini
66:
62:
61:
56:
52:
51:
47:
46:
37:7â9 April 1378
34:
33:
29:
28:
22:Papal conclave
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3307:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3254:from Wikidata
3253:
3252:
3240:
3236:
3235:
3223:
3219:
3218:
3206:
3202:
3201:
3189:
3185:
3184:
3172:
3169:from Wikinews
3168:
3167:
3155:
3151:
3150:
3138:
3134:
3133:
3121:
3120:
3117:
3111:
3103:
3093:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3068:
3065:
3051:
3042:
3041:
3038:
3030:
3029:
3024:
3020:
3019:
3014:
3010:
3009:
3004:
3000:
2999:
2994:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2970:
2969:
2964:
2960:
2959:
2958:Ubi periculum
2954:
2953:
2951:
2943:
2934:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2923:
2918:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2902:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2886:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2870:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2854:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2843:
2838:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2822:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2811:
2806:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2792:
2788:
2785:
2781:
2778:
2774:
2771:
2767:
2764:
2760:
2757:
2753:
2750:
2746:
2743:
2739:
2736:
2732:
2729:
2725:
2722:
2718:
2715:
2711:
2708:
2704:
2701:
2697:
2694:
2690:
2687:
2683:
2680:
2676:
2673:
2669:
2666:
2662:
2659:
2655:
2652:
2648:
2645:
2641:
2638:
2634:
2631:
2627:
2622:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2606:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2592:
2588:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2574:
2571:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2546:
2543:
2539:
2536:
2532:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2518:
2515:
2511:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2490:
2485:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2455:
2451:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2416:
2413:
2409:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2395:
2392:
2388:
2385:
2381:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2367:
2364:
2360:
2357:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2332:
2329:
2325:
2322:
2318:
2315:
2311:
2308:
2304:
2301:
2297:
2294:
2290:
2287:
2283:
2280:
2276:
2273:
2269:
2266:
2262:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2248:
2245:
2241:
2238:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2196:
2192:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2178:
2175:
2174:December 1187
2171:
2168:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2136:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2105:
2101:
2098:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2049:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2038:Elections and
2036:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2002:
1997:
1995:
1990:
1988:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1955:
1947:
1946:
1943:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1877:Gregory XVIII
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1797:Benedict XIII
1795:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1770:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1753:Callixtus III
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1556:
1551:
1549:
1544:
1542:
1537:
1536:
1533:
1526:
1525:
1522:J. P. Adams,
1520:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1508:
1507:0-271-02749-5
1504:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1492:0-312-29463-8
1489:
1486:. Macmillan.
1485:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1453:
1450:
1446:
1443:
1439:
1438:
1425:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1398:
1396:
1388:
1382:
1373:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1350:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1332:
1326:
1318:
1317:
1311:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1286:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1256:Factum Urbani
1252:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1174:
1171:
1163:
1160:February 2016
1153:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1137:This section
1135:
1131:
1126:
1125:
1116:
1113:
1105:
1102:February 2016
1095:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1077:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:1371, May 30
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
998:
995:
991:
989:
985:
982:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
961:
957:
955:
951:
948:
946:
943:
940:
937:
934:
932:
929:
928:
924:
922:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
906:
903:
902:
898:
896:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
880:
877:
876:
873:
869:
867:
863:
860:
858:
855:
852:
849:
846:
844:
841:
825:
814:
802:
798:
796:
794:
791:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
774:
771:
769:
767:
764:
762:1371, May 30
761:
758:
755:
753:
750:
749:
746:
744:
742:
739:
737:1371, May 30
736:
733:
730:
728:
725:
724:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:1371, May 30
710:
707:
704:
702:
699:
698:
695:
693:
691:
688:
686:1371, May 30
685:
682:
679:
677:
674:
673:
670:
667:
665:
663:
660:
657:
654:
651:
648:
647:GĂ©rard du Puy
645:
644:
641:
639:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
623:
620:
619:
616:
613:
611:
609:
606:
603:
600:
597:
595:
592:
591:
588:
586:
584:
581:
578:
575:
572:
570:
567:
566:
563:
561:
559:
556:
553:
550:
547:
545:
542:
541:
538:
534:
532:
530:
527:
525:1371, May 30
524:
521:
518:
516:
513:
512:
509:
507:
505:
502:
500:1371, May 30
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
486:
483:
481:
479:
476:
473:
470:
467:
465:
462:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:1367, May 12
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
432:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:1371, May 30
413:
410:
407:
405:
402:
401:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:1370, June 7
387:
384:
381:
379:
376:
360:
349:
346:
344:
340:
330:
326:
324:
323:
322:Habemus Papam
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
298:
292:
290:
285:
283:
282:
273:
268:
258:
255:
247:
237:
233:
227:
226:
219:
210:
209:
201:
199:
195:
194:Pope Urban VI
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
122:
117:
111:
107:
102:
99:
94:
93:
88:
83:
80:
77:
73:
70:
67:
63:
60:
57:
53:
50:Key officials
48:
45:
41:
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1932:Michael II
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1852:Modern era
1830:John XXIII
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1188:(red)
824:title
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3251:Data
3166:News
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