30:
253:
over the location of the epicentre and even whether it was two shocks or just one. The most likely location is on the
Missraf segment of the Dead Sea Transform and the single earthquake appears most consistent with contemporary accounts. This implies a large area with high intensity of shaking and this has been used to suggest that the rupture was about 126 km long, involving more than just the Missraf segment, and that the magnitude was about 7.7 M
177:
37:
240:, which consists of the various segments of the Dead Sea Transform. The main strand passing through the Lebanon restraining bend is the Yammouneh Fault, which was responsible for the 1202 earthquake. To the north of this is the Missyaf Fault (or Ghab Fault), which continues up to the Ghab Basin. One earlier earthquake has been identified on this fault segment, the
252:
Due to the size of the area affected and the damage it caused, this earthquake is recorded in many contemporary accounts and appears in many more recent catalogues. There has been some confusion over the date, but there is a consensus now that it occurred on 29 June 1170. There is some uncertainty
299:(Hisn al-Akrad) was badly damaged by the earthquake. Although the extent of the damage is unclear (one source says that no traces of the walls were left), the castle underwent major rebuilding in subsequent years.
244:. The Missyaf Fault is considered the most likely structure responsible for the 1170 event. The lack of any later major earthquakes on this segment suggests that one is now overdue.
509:
439:
Meghraoui M.; Gomez F.; Sbeinati R.; Van der Woerd J.; Mounty M.; Darkal A. N.; Radwan Y.; Layyous I.; Al-Najjar H.; Darawcheh R.; Hijazi F.; Al-Ghazzi R.; Barazangi M. (2003).
502:
417:
905:
1245:
441:"Evidence for 830 years of Seismic Quiescence from Palaeoseismology, Archaeoseismology and Historical Seismicity Along the Dead Sea Fault in Syria"
392:
495:
1129:
196:. It occurred early in the morning of 29 June 1170. It formed part of a sequence of large earthquakes that propagated southwards along the
180:
Map of the Dead Sea
Transform showing the main fault segments and motion of the Arabian Plate relative to the African Plate, from GPS data
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29:
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411:"The historical earthquakes of Syria: an analysis of large and moderate earthquakes from 1365 B.C. to 1900 A.D."
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721:
518:
410:
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in the south. Several places that had been badly damaged by the 1157 Hama earthquake, suffered again, such as
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1115:
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8:
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197:
467:
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327:"The large earthquake on 29 June 1170 (Syria, Lebanon, and central southern Turkey)"
471:
463:
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378:"The 12th century seismic paroxysm in the Middle East: a historical perspective"
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193:
131:
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were reported and the aftershocks sequence lasted for three months.
176:
281:
273:
289:
409:
Mohamed Reda
Sbeinati; Ryad Darawcheh; Mikhail Mouty (2005).
517:
325:
Guidoboni E.; Bernardini F.; Comastri A.; Boschi E. (2004).
285:
320:
318:
316:
314:
312:
232:Western Syria lies across the boundary between the
309:
1222:
414:Annals of Geophysics, Vol. 48, N. 3, June 2005
212:events. The estimated magnitude is 7.7 on the
1123:
913:
899:
503:
36:
331:Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
393:Istituto Nazionale Geofisica e Vulcanologia
368:
366:
364:
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1130:
1116:
906:
892:
510:
496:
404:
402:
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372:
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170:"countless numbers of people were killed"
70:
1246:12th century in the Kingdom of Jerusalem
1137:
519:Historical earthquakes (1000 AD–1500 AD)
432:
359:
175:
399:
1223:
1111:
887:
491:
448:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
227:
216:, with the maximum intensity of X (
13:
272:Severe damage was widespread from
14:
1262:
1241:12th century in the Seljuk Empire
420:from the original on 9 April 2015
16:Extreme level earthquake in Syria
35:
28:
146:
416:. pp. 381, 389–391, 410.
1:
468:10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00144-4
302:
247:
7:
10:
1267:
1231:Earthquakes in the Levant
1145:
1064:
1018:
957:
921:
915:Earthquakes in the Levant
760:
704:
653:
607:
556:
525:
267:
166:
145:
137:
127:
117:
80:
64:
56:
48:
24:
1236:12th-century earthquakes
222:Mercalli intensity scale
460:2003E&PSL.210...35M
188:was one of the largest
944:528 Antioch earthquake
939:526 Antioch earthquake
929:115 Antioch earthquake
374:Ambraseys, Nicholas N.
242:115 Antioch earthquake
214:moment magnitude scale
204:, continuing with the
202:1138 Aleppo earthquake
181:
949:551 Beirut earthquake
853:1585 Aleutian Islands
395:: 733, 738, 745, 750.
186:1170 Syria earthquake
179:
20:1170 Syria earthquake
1251:Earthquakes in Syria
1139:Earthquakes in Syria
1087:1969 Sharm El Sheikh
385:Annals of Geophysics
352:10.1029/2003JB002523
200:, starting with the
868:1596 Keichō–Fushimi
773:1509 Constantinople
343:2004JGRB..109.7304G
297:Krak des Chevaliers
98: /
21:
1165:1033 Jordan Valley
1092:1995 Gulf of Aqaba
980:1033 Jordan Valley
838:1580 Dover Straits
722:1456 Central Italy
696:1382 Dover Straits
599:1185 East Midlands
533:1033 Jordan Valley
198:Dead Sea Transform
182:
19:
1218:
1217:
1210:2023 Turkey–Syria
1105:
1104:
1097:2023 Turkey–Syria
881:
880:
828:1575 San Salvador
737:1475 Tenochtitlan
174:
173:
1258:
1155:859 Syrian coast
1132:
1125:
1118:
1109:
1108:
975:859 Syrian coast
908:
901:
894:
885:
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873:1590 Neulengbach
863:1586 Lima–Callao
793:1522 Vila Franca
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295:The fortress of
276:in the north to
228:Tectonic setting
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1077:1955 Alexandria
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768:1505 Lo Mustang
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57:Local time
49:Local date
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1041:1834 Jerusalem
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1026:1759 Near East
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538:1038 Dingxiang
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454:(1–2): 35–52.
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833:1575 Valdivia
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732:1461 L'Aquila
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681:1349 Apennine
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666:1303 Hongdong
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645:1293 Kamakura
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292:and Antioch.
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238:Arabian Plate
235:
234:African Plate
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122:Missyaf Fault
120:
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102:35.1°N 36.5°E
83:
79:
76:
67:
63:
60:Early morning
59:
55:
51:
47:
31:
23:
1190:1796 Latakia
1174:
1160:991 Damascus
1150:847 Damascus
1072:1927 Jericho
1065:Contemporary
1046:1837 Galilee
1031:1796 Latakia
999:
970:847 Damascus
823:1570 Ferrara
813:1556 Shaanxi
808:1555 Kashmir
798:1536 Xichang
788:1522 AlmerĂa
761:16th-century
712:1420 Caldera
705:15th-century
654:14th-century
635:1275 British
630:1269 Cilicia
620:1222 Brescia
608:13th-century
593:
557:12th-century
526:11th-century
451:
447:
434:
422:. Retrieved
413:
388:
384:
334:
330:
294:
271:
259:
251:
231:
217:
185:
183:
156:
138:Total damage
52:29 June 1170
1195:1822 Aleppo
1170:1138 Aleppo
1036:1822 Aleppo
1019:Ottoman era
990:1138 Aleppo
965:749 Galilee
958:Middle ages
934:363 Galilee
922:Classic era
858:1586 TenshĹŤ
803:1531 Lisbon
783:1513 Marash
778:1511 Idrija
747:1491 Cyprus
742:1481 Rhodes
691:1361 ShĹŤhei
676:1348 Friuli
671:1343 Naples
625:1222 Cyprus
589:1169 Sicily
574:1138 Aleppo
569:1117 Verona
564:1114 Marash
548:1088 Tmogvi
208:, 1170 and
190:earthquakes
105: /
1225:Categories
1185:1344 Syria
1180:1202 Syria
1175:1170 Syria
1010:1344 Syria
1005:1202 Syria
1000:1170 Syria
848:1584 Aigle
686:1356 Basel
661:1303 Crete
640:1290 Zhili
615:1202 Syria
594:1170 Syria
579:1139 Ganja
303:References
262:foreshocks
248:Earthquake
210:1202 Syria
167:Casualties
107:35.1; 36.5
1205:1872 Amik
1082:1956 Chim
1056:1872 Amik
995:1157 Hama
752:1498 MeiĹŤ
727:Haowhenua
584:1157 Hama
477:1813/5320
257: .
220:) on the
206:1157 Hama
149:intensity
81:Epicenter
65:Magnitude
418:Archived
376:(2004).
260:Several
236:and the
456:Bibcode
424:3 April
391:(2–3).
339:Bibcode
282:Baalbek
278:Tripoli
274:Antioch
218:Extreme
192:to hit
157:Extreme
155:MMI X (
141:Extreme
93:36°30′E
90:35°06′N
337:(B7).
290:Aleppo
268:Damage
444:(PDF)
381:(PDF)
194:Syria
118:Fault
426:2015
286:Hama
280:and
184:The
147:Max.
68:7.7
472:hdl
464:doi
452:210
347:doi
335:109
1227::
470:.
462:.
450:.
446:.
401:^
389:47
387:.
383:.
361:^
345:.
333:.
329:.
311:^
288:,
224:.
1131:e
1124:t
1117:v
907:e
900:t
893:v
511:e
504:t
497:v
480:.
474::
466::
458::
428:.
355:.
349::
341::
255:w
159:)
73:w
71:M
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