Auto racing - Knowledge

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to consider in racing: brake pedal displacement, brake pedal force, and vehicle deceleration. Various combinations of these variables work together to determine the stiffness, sensitivity, and pedal force of the brakes. When using the brakes effectively, the driver must go through a buildup phase and end with a modulating phase. These phases include attaining maximum deceleration and modulating the brake pressure. Brake performance is measured in bite and consistency. Bite happens when the driver first applies the brakes and they have not warmed up to the correct temperature to operate efficiently. Consistency is measured in how consistent the friction is during the entire time of braking. These two measurements determine the wear of the brakes.

513: 189: 788: 2207:. During repeated physiological (and psychological) evaluations of professional racing drivers, the two characteristics that stand out are racers' near-obsessive need to control their surroundings (the psychological aspect), and an unusual ability to process fast-moving information (physiological). In this, researchers have noted a strong correlation between racers' psychological profiles and those of fighter pilots. In tests comparing racers to members of the general public, the greater the complexity of the information processing matrix, the greater the speed gap between racers and the public. 224: 1163: 899: 208: 1946: 562: 57: 495: 1386: 1932: 1144: 1960: 5768: 6148: 881: 1374: 1974: 532: 1877: 1901: 2018: 1129: 1916: 1862: 593:. In Europe and Asia, open-wheeled racing is commonly referred to as 'Formula', with appropriate hierarchical suffixes. In North America, the 'Formula' terminology is not followed (with the exception of F1). The sport is usually arranged to follow an international format (such as F1), a regional format (such as the Formula 3 Euro Series), and/or a domestic, or country-specific, format (such as the German Formula 3 championship, or the British Formula Ford). 1608: 2144: 2003: 1989: 1558: 2984: 2249: 2130:

bodies. Engines are tuned on a machine called a dynamometer, which is commonly known in the racing world as a DYNO. The car is driven onto the DYNO and many gauges and sensors are hooked up to the car that are controlled by an online program to test force, torque, or power. Through the testing, the car's engine maps can be changed to get the most horsepower and ultimately speed out of the vehicle.

1492: 689:, BRSCC F3 (formerly ClubF3, formerly ARP F3), Formula Vee and Club Formula Ford. Each series caters to a section of the market, with some primarily providing low-cost racing, while others aim for an authentic experience using the same regulations as the professional series (BRSCC F3). The SCCA is also responsible for sanctioning single-seater racing in much of North America. 547: 2112:

dependent on the temperature of the tyre and track when racing. Each time a driver pulls into the pits, the tyre pressure and temperature should be tested for optimal performance. When the tyres get too hot they will swell or inflate and need to be deflated to the correct pressure. When the tyres are not warmed up they will not perform as well.

627:, with more restrictions on technology aimed at controlling costs. While these cars are not as technologically advanced, they are faster, in part due to their lower downforce compared to F1 cars, and also because they compete on oval race tracks, being able to average a lap at 388 km/h (241 mph). The series' biggest race is the 2120:

Brakes on a race car are imperative in slowing and stopping the car at precise times and wear quickly depending on the road or track on which the car is being raced, how many laps are being run, track conditions due to weather, and how many caution runs require more braking. There are three variables

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Suspension plays a huge part in giving the race car the ability to be driven optimally. Shocks are mounted vertically or horizontally to prevent the body from rolling in the corners. The suspension is important because it makes the car stable and easier to control and keeps the tires on the road when

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The race car's engine needs a considerable amount of air to produce maximum power. The air intake manifold sucks the air from scoops on the hood and front bumper and feeds it into the engine. Many engine modifications to increase horsepower and efficiency are commonly used in many racing-sanctioning

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Sports prototypes, unlike GT cars, do not rely on road-legal cars as a base. They are closed-wheel and often closed-cockpit purpose-built race cars intended mainly for endurance racing. They have much lower weight, more horsepower and more downforce compared to GT cars, making them much faster. They

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is installed under the car, the amount of drag force is significantly lowered, and the overall aerodynamics of the vehicle is positively adjusted. Wings and canards channel the airflow in the most efficient way to get the least amount of drag from the car. It is experimentally proven that downforce

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The modern kart was invented by Art Ingels, a fabricator at the Indianapolis-car manufacturer Kurtis-Kraft, in Southern California in 1956. Ingels took a small chainsaw engine and mounted it to a simple tube-frame chassis weighing less than 100 lb. Ingels, and everyone else who drove the kart,

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Tyres called R-Compounds are commonly used in motorsports for high amounts of traction. The soft rubber allows them to expand when they are heated up, making more surface area on the pavement, therefore producing the most traction. These types of tyres do not have grooves on them. Tyre pressure is

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Aerodynamics and airflow play big roles in the setup of a race car. Aerodynamic downforce improves the race car's handling by lowering the center of gravity and distributing the weight of the car equally on each tire. Once this is achieved, fuel consumption decreases and the forces against the car

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both using GT3 as their top class of GT car. GT3 cars have more significant aero than a GT2 car, but also have less horsepower, typically falling in between 500 and 550 horsepower. GT4 class cars have very little aerodynamics and less horsepower than GT3 machinery, typically around 450 horsepower.

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In many types of auto races, particularly those held on closed courses, flags are displayed to indicate the general status of the track and to communicate instructions to competitors. While individual series have different rules, and the flags have changed from the first years (e.g., red used to

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is also referred to as "Short Circuit Racing". UK Stock car racing started in the 1950s and grew rapidly through the 1960s and 1970s. Events take place on shale or tarmac tracks – usually around 1/4 mile long. There are around 35 tracks in the UK and upwards of 7000 active drivers. The

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These races are often conducted over long distances, at least 1,000 km (621 mi), and cars are driven by teams of two or more drivers, switching every few hours. Due to the performance difference between production-based sports cars and purpose-built sports prototypes, one race usually

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represents the most popular first open-wheel category for up-and-coming drivers stepping up from karts. The series is still the preferred option, as it has introduced an aero package and slicks, allowing the junior drivers to gain experience in a race car with dynamics closer to F1. The

1252:. Modified cars are best described as open-wheel cars. Modified cars have no parts related to the stock vehicle for which they are named after. A number of modified cars display a "manufacturer's" logo and "vehicle name", yet use components produced by another automobile manufacturer. 1311: – have fostered many distinct national championships. Single marque series are often found at the club level, to which the production-based cars, limited modifications, and close parity in performance are very well suited. Some of the better-known single-make series are the 2089:

are significantly lowered. Many aerodynamic experiments are conducted in wind tunnels, to simulate real-life situations while measuring the various drag forces on the car. These "Rolling roads" produce many wind situations and direct air flow at certain speeds and angles. When a

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One-make, or single marque, championships often employ production-based cars from a single manufacturer or even a single model from a manufacturer's range. There are numerous notable one-make formulae from various countries and regions, some of which – such as the

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class cars. GT2 cars have powerful engines, often exceeding 600 horsepower. However, they have less downforce than GT3 cars and also have less driver aids. GT3 cars are far and away the most popular class of GT cars, with premier racing series such as the

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Production-car racing, otherwise known as "showroom stock" in the US, is an economical and rules-restricted version of touring-car racing, mainly used to restrict costs. Numerous production racing categories are based on particular makes of cars.

1637:. Because it is based on a particular era it is more hobbyist-oriented, reducing corporate sponsorship. The only modern equipment used is related to safety and timing. A historical event can be of a number of different motorsport disciplines. 459:. At the same time, a new course is being charted towards an electric future, a dramatic change in direction that is challenging the old guard of gasoline engines. There is also a growing number of events for electric racing cars, such as the 432:(TC) is a popular touring car racing series in Argentina, and one of the oldest car racing series still active in the world. The first TC competition took place in 1931 with 12 races, each in a different province. Future Formula One star 1017:

cars being run mainly by manufacturers and the slightly less powerful LMP2 cars run by privateer teams. All three Le Mans Series run GT cars in addition to Le Mans Prototypes; these cars have different restrictions than the FIA GT cars.

1576:, or karting, can be an economical way for amateurs to try racing and is also a fully-fledged international sport in its own right. A large proportion of professional racing drivers began in karts, often from a very young age, such as 724:

competition, which involves designing and building a single-seater car in a multidisciplinary team and racing it at the competition. This also develops other soft skills, such as teamwork, while promoting motorsport and engineering.

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With auto construction and racing dominated by France, the French automobile club ACF staged a number of major international races, usually from or to Paris, connecting with another major city, in France or elsewhere in Europe.

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Historic motorsport or vintage motorsport uses vehicles limited to a particular era. Only safety precautions are modernized in these hobbyist races. A historical event can be of various types of motorsport disciplines, from

5008: 171:, aimed at proving these new machines were a practical mode of transport, but soon became an important way for automobile makers to demonstrate their machines. By the 1930s, specialist racing cars had developed. 2787:

de Groot, S., et al. "Car Racing In A Simulator: Validation And Assessment Of Brake Pedal Stiffness." Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments 20.1 (2011): 47–61. Academic Search Complete. Web. 7 Dec.

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Full course caution condition for ovals. On road courses, it means a local area of caution. Depending on the type of racing, either two yellow flags will be used for a full course caution or a sign with 'SC'

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Touring car racing is a style of road racing that is run with production-derived four-seat race cars. The lesser use of aerodynamics means following cars have a much easier time following and passing than in

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were startled at its performance capabilities. The sport soon blossomed in Southern California, and quickly spread around the world. Although often seen as the entry point for serious racers into the sport,

1473:) using an index (a lowest e.t. allowed), and cars running under (quicker than) their index "break out" and lose. The slowest cars, bracket racers, are also handicapped, but rather than an index, they use a 631:, which is commonly referred to as "The Greatest Spectacle in Racing" due to being the longest continuously run race in the series and having the largest crowd for a single-day sporting event (350,000+). 1924:

The session is halted, all cars on the course must return to the pit lane. May also be seen combined with a green flag to indicate oil on the track, typically referred to as a 'pickle' flag combination.

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mile (200 m) are also common. The vehicles may or may not be given the signal to start at the same time, depending on the class of racing. Vehicles range from the everyday car to the purpose-built

2214:, focus, and the ability to concentrate at high levels for long periods in an inherently difficult environment. Racing drivers mainly complain about pains in the lumbar, shoulder, and neck regions. 728:

The world's first all-female Formula racing team was created in 2006. The group was an assemblage of drivers from different racing disciplines and formed for an MTV reality pilot, which was shot at

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Drag racing is two cars head-to-head, the winner proceeding to the next round. Professional classes are all first to the finish line wins. Sportsman racing is handicapped (slower car getting a

355:, in Surrey, England, was the first purpose-built 'banked' motor racing venue, opening in June 1907. It featured a 4.43 km (2.75 mi) concrete track with high-speed banked corners. 167:

Auto racing has existed since the invention of the automobile. Races of various types were organized, with the first recorded as early as 1867. Many of the earliest events were effectively

407:. The changes that resulted from RJR's involvement, as well as the reduction of the schedule from 56 to 34 races a year, established 1972 as the beginning of NASCAR's "modern era". 1894:

Local caution condition —no cars may pass at the particular corner where being displayed. When Stationary indicates hazard off-course, when Waving indicates hazard on-course.

436:(Chevrolet) won the 1940 and 1941 editions of the TC. It was during this time that the series' Chevrolet-Ford rivalry began, with Ford acquiring most of its historical victories. 1182:, stock cars vaguely resemble production cars, but are in fact purpose-built racing machines that are built to tight specifications and, together with touring cars, also called 5419: 1400:

In drag racing, the objective is to complete a given straight-line distance, from a standing start, ahead of a vehicle in a parallel lane. This distance is traditionally

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brought about the revival of the F2 series. Domestic, or country-specific, series include Formula Three and Formula Renault, with the leading introductory series being

1514:, various classes of specially modified vehicles, including cars, compete in races through off-road environments. In North America these races often take place in the 1588:, who was paralysed in a racing accident and now races a hand-controlled kart. As one of the cheapest ways to race, karting is seeing its popularity grow worldwide. 2103:

driving on uneven terrain. It works in three different ways including vertically, longitudinally, and laterally to control movement when racing on various tracks.

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Single-seater racing is not limited merely to professional teams and drivers. There exist many amateur racing clubs. In the UK, the major club series are the

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Diba, Fereydoon; Barari, Ahmad; Esmailzadeh, Ebrahim (July 10, 2014). "Handling and safety enhancement of race cars using active aerodynamic systems".

1599:(including the driver) of 490 hp/tonne (0.22 hp/lb). Without the driver, this figure doubles, to almost 980 hp/tonne (0.44 hp/lb). 1267:

sport is split into three basic divisions – distinguished by the rules regarding car contact during racing. The most famous championship are the

766: 736: 391: 80: 349:, opening in January 1906. The pear-shaped track was close to a mile in length, with slightly banked curves and a gravel surface of crushed cement. 2453: 1891:

on track and no cars may pass. However, if the safety car gives a green light, then the cars behind can pass the safety car (lapped cars only).

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Koutras C, Buecking B, Jaeger M, Ruchholtz S, Heep H (2014). "Musculoskeletal injuries in auto racing: a retrospective study of 137 drivers".

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The first prearranged match race of two self-powered road vehicles over a prescribed route occurred at 4:30 A.M. on August 30, 1867, between

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One of the oldest existing purpose-built automobile racing circuits in the United States, still in use, is the 2.5-mile-long (4.0 km)

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organized what is considered to be the world's first motoring competition, from Paris to Rouen. One hundred and two competitors paid a 10-

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for competition. In North America, the term is commonly used to describe all forms of automobile sport including non-racing disciplines.

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is gained and the vehicle's handling is considerably changed when aerodynamic wings on the front and rear of the vehicle are installed.

2954: 2628: 4937: 1657: 989:. There are minor regional and national GT series using mainly GT4 and GT3 cars featuring both amateur and professional drivers. 942: 3983: 1527: 1439:

takes 4.5 seconds or less, reaching speeds of up to 530 km/h (329 mph). Drag racing was organized as a sport by

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cars compete within their respective classes on closed circuits. The premier championship series of sports car racing is the

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experiences. A top fuel car can be heard over 8 miles (13 km) away and can generate a reading from 1.5 to 3.9 on the

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Memmert, D.; Simons, DJ; Grimme, T. (October 2009). "The relationship between visual attention and expertise in sports".

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regulation. There are several different series that are run all over the world, most notably, Japan's Super Taikyu and

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In Europe, "offroad" refers to events such as autocross or rallycross, while desert races and rally-raids such as the

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The driver of the car with the indicated number is disqualified or will not be scored until they report to the pits.

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of November 28, 1895. Press coverage of the event first aroused significant American interest in the automobile.

254:-fueled automobiles. The first organized contest was on April 28, 1887, by the chief editor of Paris publication 1945: 866:

also provides a venue for amateurs to compete in home-built factory-derived vehicles on various local circuits.

4642: 4060: 3228: 2165: 1278:, Bombers, and Rookie Bangers – and racing features Demolition Derbies, Figure of Eight, and Oval Racing. 1151: 1133: 820: 555: 400: 2203:

Contrary to what may be popularly assumed, racing drivers as a group do not have unusually better reflexes or

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racing, which debuted in 2008, whereby the racing teams are owned and run by prominent sports clubs such as

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tends to be contested by wealthy car owners and is thus more amateur and less competitive in its approach.

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is undergoing a period of transition, but is still the longest-running road racing series in the U.S. The

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Due partly to the performance capabilities of modern racing cars, racing drivers require a high level of

1390: 604:. These cars are heavily based on technology and their aerodynamics. The speed record was set in 2005 by 359: 2927: 1979:

The car should give way to faster traffic. This may be an advisory or an order depending on the series.

1973: 5898: 4714: 4709: 4702: 4682: 4520: 4515: 3753: 3433: 3428: 3258: 3233: 2267: 1900: 1641: 974: 884: 851: 573:) racing, the wheels are not covered, and the cars often have aerofoil wings front and rear to produce 27: 2461: 2307: 608:

hitting 373 km/h (232 mph). Some of the most prominent races are the Monaco Grand Prix, the

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chassis. While there are several professional teams and drivers in historical racing, this branch of

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Semi Contact Formulas include BriSCA F1, F2, and Superstox – where bumpers are used tactically.

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or car setup is the set of adjustments made to the vehicle to optimize its behaviour (performance,

1959: 1799: 1470: 1340: 1316: 1263: 828: 262:, Monsieur Fossier. It ran 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from Neuilly Bridge to the Bois de Boulogne. 20: 3783: 3066: 3031: 1931: 6370: 5737: 5620: 5584: 5570: 5266: 4662: 3948: 3593: 3349: 3299: 2154: 1463: 1069: 1038: 1034: 1026: 978: 415: 250:

Internal combustion auto racing events began soon after the construction of the first successful

66: 5256: 5003: 4978: 4168: 2928:"Driving a Race Car Takes Strength and Stamina: These Athletes Travel in Fast Lane but Keep Fit" 1081: 399:

From 1962 through 2003, NASCAR's premier series was called the Winston Cup Series, sponsored by

5470: 5453: 4241: 4163: 3912: 3549: 3476: 2743: 2601: 2262: 1824: 1336: 1202: 808: 787: 659: 623:. The cars have traditionally been similar to, though less technologically sophisticated than, 418:, which ran its first season in 1998. The European races eventually became the closely related 378: 183: 5409: 5334: 2409: 502: 5815: 5742: 5299: 5251: 5209: 5116: 5025: 4807: 4692: 4261: 4136: 4101: 4065: 3778: 3773: 3748: 3544: 3385: 3253: 3183: 2090: 2043: 2037: 1719: 1596: 1183: 1167: 1097: 986: 855: 824: 720:

Students at colleges and universities can also take part in single-seater racing through the

686: 525: 216: 75: 616:. The season ends with the crowning of the World Championship for drivers and constructors. 373:

on February 21, 1948, with the help of several other drivers of the time. The first NASCAR "

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There are now numerous different categories, each with different rules and regulations.

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A sprint kart race in Atwater California hosted by the International Karting Federation

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are raced in the 24 hours of Le Mans (held annually since 1923) and in the (European)

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The first American automobile race is generally considered to be the Thanksgiving Day

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The driver of the car with the indicated number has been penalized for misbehaviour.

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race cars than proper touring cars, and also have much more aggressive aerodynamics.

801: 702: 427: 363: 313: 309: 236: 212: 2913: 1425:. Speeds and elapsed time differ from class to class. Average street cars cover the 494: 6340: 6202: 6127: 6034: 6009: 5996: 5933: 5903: 5866: 5861: 5820: 5732: 5647: 5591: 5556: 5394: 5320: 5292: 5241: 5123: 5093: 5066: 5059: 5052: 5020: 4425: 4403: 4079: 3922: 3860: 3712: 3566: 3294: 3289: 3218: 3213: 3178: 2893: 2856: 2846: 2807: 2744:"Spectacles of Speed: Modernity, Masculinity, and Auto Racing in Kansas, 1909–1918" 2716: 2535: 2226: 2211: 2008:

Depending on the series, either one lap remains or a slow vehicle is on the track.

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The session is stopped. All cars must halt on the track or return to the pit lane.

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Touring Car and GT championships are dominant in North America. America's historic

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Formula Two championship. Most rounds have two races and are support races to the

6314: 6248: 6112: 6024: 5724: 5684: 5439: 5236: 5175: 5103: 4848: 4802: 4606: 4389: 4121: 3897: 3798: 3733: 3661: 3588: 3405: 3329: 3324: 2851: 2720: 2379: 1581: 1511: 1486: 1474: 1348: 1332: 1193:(National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing). NASCAR's premier series is the 1114:'s Firehawk Series, which ran in the 1980s and 1990s all over the United States. 859: 758: 651: 551: 498: 370: 305: 1284:

Non-contact formulas include National Hot Rods, Stock Rods, and Lightning Rods.

945:. This series has formed after the folding of the various FIA GT championships. 6102: 6070: 5986: 5767: 5563: 5536: 5531: 4750: 3689: 3536: 3489: 3314: 3309: 3131: 2222: 1988: 1344: 1214: 1147: 1143: 994: 748: 620: 597: 586: 539: 489: 485: 464: 419: 411: 374: 243:, England, a distance of 8 mi (13 km). It was won by the carriage of 196: 168: 40:"Race driver" redirects here. For the racing simulation video game series, see 6147: 1021:

Another prototype and GT racing championship exists in the United States; the

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A car is being advised or ordered to give way to faster traffic approaching.

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specification touring cars from Europe's many national championships. While

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and enhance adhesion to the track. The most popular varieties of open-wheel

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Racing drivers, at the highest levels, are usually paid by the team, or by

2069: 2065: 2059: 1837: 1744: 1724: 1585: 1535: 1328: 1229:. NASCAR also sanctions series outside of the United States, including the 1222: 1077: 1061: 922: 710: 697: 679: 639: 517: 385: 293: 240: 1373: 1355:, usually as "feeder" series for "senior" race formula (in the fashion of 6288: 6107: 6097: 5956: 5943: 5856: 4764: 4728: 4601: 4596: 4550: 4359: 4246: 4218: 4035: 4015: 3953: 3917: 3822: 3576: 3514: 3499: 3420: 3223: 3168: 3153: 3148: 3091: 2361: 1819: 1794: 1774: 1764: 1661: 1630: 1573: 1566: 1440: 1422: 1378: 1368: 1352: 1297: 1198: 1049:

involves several racing classes, each fighting for its own championship.

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The session has started or resumed after a full course caution or stop.

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Van Leeuwen, P. M.; De Groot, S.; Happee, R.; De Winter, J. C. (2017).

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The car with the indicated number has mechanical trouble and must pit.

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GT4 typically serves as the last step up to premier GT-class racing.

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reopened the F2 category again; most drivers have graduated from the

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There are also other stock car governing bodies, most notably the

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The automobile in American history and culture: a reference guide

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Despite their diminutive size, karts of the most powerful class,

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NASCAR also governs several smaller regional series, such as the

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The major touring car championships conducted worldwide are the

5975: 5799: 5707: 4906: 4672: 4126: 3041: 2983: 1515: 1190: 1025:, which began in 2000, sanctions its own endurance series, the 301: 157: 2883: 2046:, where more than 80 people died, including the French driver 1522:. Another format for off-road racing happens on closed-course 917:

In sports car racing, production-derived versions of two-seat

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There are other categories of single-seater racing, including

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This article is about the motorsport. For the video game, see

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Welcome to Who? What? Where? When? Why? on the World Wide Web

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The car with the indicated number must pit for consultation.

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The other major international single-seater racing series is

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drivers routinely experience g-loadings in excess of 4.5 g.

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in the United States. Championships range from "grass root"

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is the most popular form of auto racing. Primarily raced on

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When launching, a top fuel dragster will accelerate at 3.4

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racing series). The series conduct races across the entire

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and a persistent chip shortage, each threatening to derail

33:"Racing cars" redirects here. For the Welsh pop band, see 5676: 3850: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3056: 3046: 1312: 444: 1213:. NASCAR also runs several feeder series, including the 1150:

leads the field racing three-wide multiple rows back at

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shift, echoing past pivots. The industry, much like the

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National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR)

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and are able to corner at significantly higher speeds.

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From 1962, sports cars temporarily took a back seat to

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Motorsport involving the racing of cars for competition

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mile (400 m), though 1,000 feet (300 m) and

1315:(Europe's longest-running one-make championship), the 1041:

announced a merger between the two series forming the

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Debris, fluid, or other hazard on the track surface.

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Debris, fluid, or other hazard on the track surface.

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series. The category is officially registered as the

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In the United States, the most popular series is the

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International Conference of Sports Car Clubs (ICSCC)

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The oldest surviving sports car racing event is the

3086: 2797: 2658: 2656: 2654: 2652: 2650: 2602:"Herbert's engine thunders to 3.9 on Richter scale" 2783: 2781: 2779: 6383: 2647: 439:Over the last few years, auto racing has seen a 26:"Auto race" redirects here. For other uses, see 3017:Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) 2751:Kansas History: A Journal of the Central Plains 2072:, reliability, etc.). Adjustments can occur in 1189:The largest stock car racing governing body is 1106:Most series, with a few exceptions, follow the 1033:race cars compared to LMP and FIA GT cars. The 937:, divided into two separate championships: the 5032:24H Silverstone – European Touring Car Edition 4952: 2776: 2510:"Le Mans series showcases prototype race cars" 5692: 4938: 3107: 3082:Confederation of Australian Motorsport (CAMS) 3037:International Motor Sports Association (IMSA) 2485:The Automobile Year Book of Sports Car Racing 2438:(August 17, 1967). "How Brooklands started". 2200:, and can command very substantial salaries. 1843:start a race), these are generally accepted. 425: 2042:The worst accident in racing history is the 389: 267: 256: 2442:. Vol. 127, no. 3731. p. 43. 2414:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 278. 1870:End of the hazardous section of the track. 1640:Some of the most famous events include the 933:. The main series for GT car racing is the 753:After 25 years away from the sport, former 5699: 5685: 5009:24 Hours of Barcelona - Trofeo Fermí Vélez 4945: 4931: 3121: 3114: 3100: 2662: 2217:Racing drivers experience extremely large 1447:(NHRA). The NHRA was formed to discourage 1029:, which consists of slower and lower-cost 713:, being less powerful and lighter than an 377:" race ever was held on June 19, 1949, at 55: 2860: 2850: 2482: 2184:Learn how and when to remove this message 1435:mile in 12 to 16 seconds, whereas a 973:Other major GT championships include the 392:Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile 300:automobile race held in the mountains of 3032:International Hot Rod Association (IHRA) 2536:"Blink and you'll miss these F1 records" 2403: 2401: 2359: 1887:) will be used as the field follows the 1658:FIA Thoroughbred Grand Prix Championship 1606: 1556: 1490: 1384: 1372: 1161: 1142: 1127: 1091: 1084:on the famed Nordschleife track and the 897: 879: 786: 596:F1 is a worldwide series that runs only 560: 545: 530: 511: 493: 422:, both of which mix prototypes and GTs. 347:first purpose-built motor racing circuit 265:On July 22, 1894, the Parisian magazine 222: 206: 187: 2741: 943:GT World Challenge Europe Endurance Cup 6384: 3022:Grand American Road Racing Association 2955:"Formula One drivers feel the G-force" 2952: 2663:Adams, Eric; Brown, Joe (April 2006). 2626: 2407: 1528:Crandon International Off-Road Raceway 948:The prevailing classes of GT cars are 839:traces its lineage to the now-defunct 5680: 4926: 4738: 4574: 4413: 4279: 4089: 3880: 3654: 3378: 3095: 2573: 2507: 2434: 2398: 2386:(in French). July 23, 1894. p. 1 1072:, and the 1,000-mile (1,600 km) 776: 304:, Italy near the island's capital of 2764:from the original on October 9, 2022 2627:George, Patrick (November 6, 2015). 2355: 2353: 2166:adding citations to reliable sources 2137: 1855:Displayed from the observation post 1602: 1052:Famous sports car races include the 939:GT World Challenge Europe Sprint Cup 869: 843:, the cars are much more similar to 479: 3062:SCORE International Off-Road Racing 3052:National Hot Rod Association (NHRA) 2080:, engines, tires, and many others. 2053: 1671: 1532:Mickey Thompson Entertainment Group 1117: 13: 3087:Best In The Desert Off-Road Racing 2877: 1740:High Performance Drivers Education 1480: 1287: 1197:, its most famous races being the 1043:WeatherTech SportsCar Championship 1003:WeatherTech SportsCar Championship 771:FIA World Touring Car Championship 327:, begun in 1923. It is run by the 14: 6403: 3067:Sports Car Club of America (SCCA) 2976: 2574:Fryer, Jenna (November 8, 2007). 2454:"Stadium List: 100 000+ Stadiums" 2350: 2133: 1381:in Tarlton, Gauteng, South Africa 1257:Automobile Racing Club of America 6146: 5766: 2982: 2953:Norton, Charlie (May 10, 2010). 2812:10.1016/j.psychsport.2008.06.002 2247: 2142: 2016: 2011:A slow vehicle is on the track. 2001: 1987: 1972: 1958: 1944: 1930: 1914: 1899: 1875: 1860: 1343:. There are also single-chassis 1005:. These cars are referred to as 963:FIA World Endurance Championship 931:FIA World Endurance Championship 813:British Touring Car Championship 345:, in Australia, was the world's 5666:Defunct races are indicated in 5634:Charge of the Headlight Brigade 5110:Coppa Florio 12 Hours of Sicily 3042:National Auto Sport Association 2946: 2920: 2818: 2791: 2735: 2620: 2594: 2567: 2553: 2528: 2508:Perez, A.J. (August 30, 2007). 2360:Paolozzi, Rémi (May 28, 2003). 2153:needs additional citations for 2083: 1852:Displayed from the start tower 1831: 1443:in the early 1950s through the 864:National Auto Sport Association 709:represent the last step on the 705:is another entry-level series. 5287:6 Hours of Indianapolis (IMSA) 3072:United States Auto Club (USAC) 3007:American Le Mans Series (ALMS) 2742:Marston, Steve (Autumn 2015). 2501: 2476: 2446: 2428: 2372: 2325: 2300: 1552: 1362: 1274:Full-contact formulas include 1152:Daytona International Speedway 1134:Daytona International Speedway 1009:(Le Mans prototype) cars with 821:World Touring Car Championship 556:Delft University of Technology 401:R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company 1: 2293: 2097: 1534:; this format was revived by 1170:stock car on an asphalt track 474: 65:going into the first turn at 5648:TCR Spa 500 Laps or 23 Hours 5420:4 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps 5262:6 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps 3616:International Formula Master 2852:10.1371/journal.pone.0186871 2721:10.1080/00423114.2014.930158 2487:. Motorbooks International. 2031: 1678:Category:Auto racing by type 1445:National Hot Rod Association 817:Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters 676:FIA Formula Two Championship 507:Sepang International Circuit 318:World Sportscar Championship 7: 6244:Radio-controlled car racing 3677:Ginetta Junior Championship 3340:Australian National Formula 2408:Berger, Michael L. (2001). 2240: 2023:The session has concluded. 1132:NASCAR green flag start at 1082:24 Hours of the Nürburgring 831:is a one-day event open to 646:). Regional series include 360:Indianapolis Motor Speedway 329:Automobile Club of the West 227:A remaining section of the 10: 6408: 5899:Mountain bike orienteering 5706: 3754:BMW M1 Procar Championship 3259:V de V Challenge Monoplace 3002:Motorsports UK Association 2483:Jenkinson, Dennis (1983). 2362:"The cradle of motorsport" 2268:List of auto racing tracks 2057: 2035: 1835: 1675: 1642:Goodwood Festival of Speed 1621: 1564: 1484: 1366: 1321:John Cooper Mini Challenge 1291: 1121: 1095: 975:GT World Challenge America 873: 852:Sports Car Club of America 780: 483: 211:Fernand Gabriel driving a 181: 177: 39: 32: 28:Auto race (disambiguation) 25: 18: 6366: 6333: 6297: 6266: 6231: 6223:Offshore powerboat racing 6193: 6175:Motorcycle chariot racing 6155: 6144: 6088: 6079: 6061: 6033: 5995: 5942: 5884: 5844: 5808: 5775: 5764: 5723: 5714: 5664: 5608: 5571:1000 km Le Mans (Bugatti) 5504: 5479: 5463: 5372: 5219: 5184: 5168: 5147: 5076: 4961: 4847: 4819: 4727: 4615: 4563: 4456: 4402: 4327: 4270: 4217: 4182: 4078: 3941: 3869: 3821: 3809:Volkswagen Scirocco R-Cup 3744:Australian Mini Challenge 3726: 3643: 3444: 3425:FIA Formula Championship 3367: 3267: 3141: 3130: 2283:List of auto racing films 2124: 2115: 1612:Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca 1243:NASCAR Brasil Sprint Race 1239:NASCAR Whelen Euro Series 1227:continental United States 935:GT World Challenge Europe 925:(GTs), and purpose-built 730:Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca 554:electric race-car of the 426: 390: 122: 117: 109: 99: 94: 86: 73: 54: 6218:Inshore powerboat racing 5599:Race of a Thousand Years 5440:4 Hours of Red Bull Ring 3804:Volkswagen Jetta TDI Cup 3682:Lamborghini Super Trofeo 3012:Indy Racing League (IRL) 2898:10.3810/psm.2014.11.2094 2205:peripheral response time 2106: 1800:Short track motor racing 1317:Radical European Masters 1264:British Stock car racing 829:European Touring Car Cup 654:(specifically in Asia), 524:during practice for the 469:Electric GT Championship 195:classified first in his 21:Auto Racing (video game) 6371:List of forms of racing 5738:Middle-distance running 5621:25 Hours of Thunderhill 5400:4 Hours of Le Castellet 5267:6 Hours of Watkins Glen 3350:Grand Prix motor racing 2701:Vehicle System Dynamics 2368:. Forix, Autosport, 8W. 2312:macmillandictionary.com 1070:6 Hours of Watkins Glen 1039:American Le Mans Series 1035:Rolex Sports Car Series 1027:Rolex Sports Car Series 979:GT World Challenge Asia 420:European Le Mans Series 416:American Le Mans Series 320:between 1955 and 1973. 67:Circuit of the Americas 6213:Jet sprint boat racing 5471:TCR European Endurance 5454:4 Hours of Silverstone 5328:6 Hours of Nürburgring 2263:Outline of auto racing 1825:Wheelstand Competition 1619: 1562: 1507: 1397: 1382: 1219:Craftsman Truck Series 1184:Silhouette racing cars 1171: 1159: 1140: 914: 895: 809:Supercars Championship 796: 735:In December 2005, the 660:World Series by Nissan 566: 558: 543: 528: 509: 379:Daytona Beach, Florida 369:NASCAR was founded by 335:won the race in 2023. 268: 257: 232: 220: 204: 184:History of auto racing 5816:Cross country running 5743:Long-distance running 5210:1000 Miles of Sebring 5117:12 Hours at the Point 5026:Longest Day of Nelson 4262:Quarter Midget racing 4102:Allison Legacy Series 3779:Jaguar I-Pace eTrophy 3774:Ginetta GT5 Challenge 3749:Aston Martin Asia Cup 3386:Formula Car Challenge 3254:Monoposto Racing Club 3184:Formula Car Challenge 2932:The Los Angeles Times 2665:"The Perfect Racecar" 2635:. Gizmodo Media Group 2044:1955 Le Mans disaster 2038:Deaths in motorsports 1720:Drifting (motorsport) 1610: 1597:power-to-weight ratio 1560: 1518:, such as the famous 1494: 1388: 1376: 1168:ASA Late Model Series 1165: 1146: 1131: 1098:Production car racing 1092:Production-car racing 1064:-Franchorchamps, the 987:International GT Open 901: 883: 856:SPEED World Challenge 825:World Touring Car Cup 790: 687:Monoposto Racing Club 564: 549: 534: 526:2019 Indianapolis 500 515: 497: 226: 210: 191: 6310:Cross-country skiing 6284:Slalom skateboarding 5967:Mountain bike racing 5627:Carrera Panamericana 5550:1000 km Buenos Aires 5543:1000 km Brands Hatch 5385:4 Hours of Barcelona 5380:4 Hours of Abu Dhabi 5307:6 Hours of Donington 5257:6 Hours of São Paulo 5227:6 Hours of Abu Dhabi 5039:24 Hours of Chamonix 5004:24 Hours of Portimão 4979:Nürburgring 24 Hours 4798:Super Comp/Quick Rod 3903:Stock Car Pro Series 3789:Renault Sport Trophy 3769:Ginetta GT4 Supercup 3718:TVR Tuscan Challenge 3621:Toyota Racing Series 2991:at Wikimedia Commons 2333:"Isaac Watt Boulton" 2162:improve this article 2064:In auto racing, the 1730:Electric drag racing 1710:Dirt speedway racing 1540:Stadium Super Trucks 1269:BriSCA F1 Stock Cars 1250:Whelen Modified Tour 1235:NASCAR Mexico Series 1231:NASCAR Canada Series 1080:. There is also the 999:Asian Le Mans Series 565:Racing driver's view 457:production schedules 343:Aspendale Racecourse 312:, it was the oldest 285:Chicago Times-Herald 131:(demonstration only) 129:1900 Summer Olympics 6118:Pickup truck racing 6053:Paralympic swimming 6043:Open water swimming 5952:Road bicycle racing 5517:1000 km Paul Ricard 5447:4 Hours of Shanghai 5410:4 Hours of Portimão 5335:6 Hours of Portimão 5197:Indianapolis 8 Hour 5089:12 Hours of Sebring 4974:24 Hours of Daytona 4969:24 Hours of Le Mans 3928:Turismo Nacional BR 3794:SEAT Leon Supercopa 3705:Porsche Carrera Cup 3631:Superleague Formula 3457:ADAC Formel Masters 3199:Formula Enterprises 3189:Formula Continental 2959:The Daily Telegraph 2843:2017PLoSO..1286871V 2800:Psychol Sport Exerc 2713:2014VSD....52.1171D 2464:on October 23, 2006 1785:Pickup truck racing 1780:Power Wheels Racing 1624:Historic motorsport 1524:short course tracks 1313:Mini 7 Championship 1066:12 Hours of Sebring 1058:Rolex 24 at Daytona 1054:24 Hours of Le Mans 763:Formula Palmer Audi 741:Superleague Formula 668:Formula Palmer Audi 656:Formula Renault 3.5 638:(formerly known as 503:Ferrari 150º Italia 325:24 Hours of Le Mans 316:event, part of the 76:governing body 51: 6334:Multi-sport racing 6133:Touring car racing 5919:Canoe orienteering 5914:Radio orienteering 5909:Trail orienteering 5433:4 Hours of Estoril 5405:4 Hours of Mugello 5300:6 Hours of Atlanta 5203:California 8 Hours 5192:8 Hours of Bahrain 5084:12 Hours of Kuwait 4999:24 Hours of Zolder 4912:Side by Side (UTV) 4152:Whelen Euro Series 4107:IMCA Sport Compact 3601:Grand Prix Masters 3391:Formula Enterprise 3345:Grand Prix Masters 2996:Sanctioning bodies 2580:ESPN News Services 2380:"Le Petit journal" 1820:Swamp Buggy racing 1755:Legends car racing 1700:Board track racing 1620: 1578:Michael Schumacher 1563: 1508: 1504:Best in the Desert 1398: 1383: 1347:formulae, such as 1174:In North America, 1172: 1160: 1141: 1045:starting in 2014. 915: 896: 797: 783:Touring car racing 777:Touring car racing 614:British Grand Prix 610:Italian Grand Prix 606:Juan Pablo Montoya 569:In single-seater ( 567: 559: 544: 538:car racing at the 529: 520:IndyCar driven by 510: 434:Juan Manuel Fangio 245:Isaac Watt Boulton 233: 221: 205: 169:reliability trials 113:Outdoor and indoor 49: 6379: 6378: 6262: 6261: 6208:Hydroplane racing 6157:Motorcycle racing 6123:Sports car racing 6048:Marathon swimming 5929:Mountain marathon 5894:Foot orienteering 5880: 5879: 5674: 5673: 5487:Mil Milhas Brasil 5426:4 Hours of Aragón 5415:4 Hours of Sepang 5349:Riverside 6 Hours 5342:6 Hours of Zhuhai 5314:6 Hours of Mexico 5277:6 Hours of Austin 5247:6 Hours of Jeddah 5232:6 Hours of Bogotá 5138:Rothmans 12 hours 5131:12 Hours of Reims 4920: 4919: 4843: 4842: 4772:Funny Car (TA/FC) 4723: 4722: 4559: 4558: 4398: 4397: 4257:Midget car racing 4252:Sprint car racing 4213: 4212: 4174:Turismo Carretera 4074: 4073: 3817: 3816: 3739:Audi Sport TT Cup 3700:Mustang Challenge 3695:Mini Challenge UK 3667:Ferrari Challenge 3639: 3638: 3363: 3362: 3335:Formula Super Vee 2989:Automobile racing 2987:Media related to 2516:. Gannett Company 2458:worldstadiums.com 2421:978-0-313-24558-9 2337:gracesguide.co.uk 2288:Racing video game 2273:Motorcycle racing 2227:sports prototypes 2194: 2193: 2186: 2029: 2028: 1815:Sprint car racing 1760:Midget car racing 1715:Dirt track racing 1650:Monterey Historic 1603:Historical racing 1538:in 2013 with his 1437:top fuel dragster 1307:and, previously, 1195:NASCAR Cup Series 1031:Daytona Prototype 908:Le Mans Prototype 876:Sports car racing 870:Sports car racing 802:open-wheel racing 739:gave approval to 703:Star Mazda Series 480:Open-wheel racing 428:Turismo Carretera 414:evolved into the 364:Speedway, Indiana 314:sports car racing 296:was an open road 237:Ashton-under-Lyne 150:automobile racing 135: 134: 6399: 6341:Adventure racing 6203:Drag boat racing 6195:Motorboat racing 6150: 6128:Stock car racing 6086: 6085: 6010:Greyhound racing 5934:Car orienteering 5904:Ski orienteering 5867:Snowshoe running 5862:Backward running 5821:Mountain running 5809:Off-road running 5770: 5721: 5720: 5701: 5694: 5687: 5678: 5677: 5557:1000 km Istanbul 5395:4 Hours of Imola 5390:4 Hours of Dubai 5356:Mid-Ohio 6 Hours 5321:6 Hours of Monza 5293:6 Hours of Perth 5282:Monterey 6 Hours 5242:6 Hours of Imola 5124:12 Hours of Brno 5094:Bathurst 12 Hour 5067:Tokachi 24 Hours 5060:Bathurst 24 Hour 5053:Willhire 24 Hour 5047: 5021:2CV 24 Hour Race 5017: 4947: 4940: 4933: 4924: 4923: 4736: 4735: 4572: 4571: 4411: 4410: 4277: 4276: 4087: 4086: 3923:Turismo Nacional 3878: 3877: 3713:Renault Clio Cup 3652: 3651: 3376: 3375: 3295:Formula C (SCCA) 3290:Formula B (SCCA) 3285:Formula A (SCCA) 3214:Formula Regional 3179:Formula Atlantic 3139: 3138: 3116: 3109: 3102: 3093: 3092: 3077:Formula One (F1) 2986: 2970: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2950: 2944: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2924: 2918: 2917: 2881: 2875: 2874: 2864: 2854: 2837:(11): e0186871. 2822: 2816: 2815: 2795: 2789: 2785: 2774: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2763: 2748: 2739: 2733: 2732: 2707:(9): 1171–1190. 2696: 2685: 2684: 2682: 2680: 2660: 2645: 2644: 2642: 2640: 2624: 2618: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2598: 2592: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2571: 2565: 2564: 2557: 2551: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2532: 2526: 2525: 2523: 2521: 2505: 2499: 2498: 2480: 2474: 2473: 2471: 2469: 2460:. Archived from 2450: 2444: 2443: 2432: 2426: 2425: 2405: 2396: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2376: 2370: 2369: 2357: 2348: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2329: 2323: 2322: 2320: 2318: 2304: 2257: 2252: 2251: 2250: 2189: 2182: 2178: 2175: 2169: 2146: 2138: 2054:Racing-car setup 2020: 2005: 1991: 1976: 1962: 1948: 1934: 1918: 1903: 1879: 1864: 1846: 1845: 1810:Solar car racing 1705:Demolition derby 1672:Other categories 1646:Goodwood Revival 1434: 1433: 1429: 1419: 1418: 1414: 1409: 1408: 1404: 1305:Porsche Supercup 1176:stock car racing 1156:2015 Daytona 500 1138:2015 Daytona 500 1124:Stock car racing 1118:Stock car racing 927:sports prototype 921:, also known as 672:Formula Atlantic 629:Indianapolis 500 431: 430: 403:cigarette brand 395: 394: 273: 270:Le Petit Journal 260: 59: 52: 48: 42:TOCA Race Driver 6407: 6406: 6402: 6401: 6400: 6398: 6397: 6396: 6382: 6381: 6380: 6375: 6362: 6329: 6315:Snowboard cross 6293: 6258: 6249:Slot car racing 6227: 6189: 6151: 6142: 6113:Off-road racing 6075: 6057: 6029: 6025:Sled dog racing 5991: 5938: 5876: 5840: 5804: 5771: 5762: 5710: 5705: 5675: 5670: 5660: 5616:25 Hours of Spa 5604: 5585:1000 km Okayama 5578:1000 km Mosport 5512:1006 km Palanga 5500: 5475: 5459: 5368: 5363:Mosport 6 Hours 5272:Bathurst 6 Hour 5252:6 Hours of Rome 5237:6 Hours of Fuji 5215: 5180: 5176:Kyalami 9 Hours 5164: 5143: 5104:Sepang 12 Hours 5072: 5041: 5011: 4957: 4955:endurance races 4951: 4921: 4916: 4839: 4815: 4803:Top Doorslammer 4769:Dragster (TA/D) 4730: 4719: 4715:Group D GT Cars 4668:GT3 (1998–1999) 4663:GT2 (2005–2010) 4658:GT2 (1993–1999) 4653:GT1 (2000–2012) 4648:GT1 (1993–1999) 4611: 4566: 4555: 4530:(1981–1993 era) 4452: 4405: 4394: 4390:World Rally Car 4323: 4266: 4209: 4178: 4081: 4070: 3937: 3872: 3865: 3813: 3799:Trofeo Maserati 3734:Audi R8 LMS Cup 3722: 3662:Caterham Racing 3647: 3635: 3589:Formula Renault 3440: 3371: 3359: 3330:Formula Pacific 3325:Formula Mondial 3263: 3133: 3126: 3120: 2979: 2974: 2973: 2963: 2961: 2951: 2947: 2937: 2935: 2926: 2925: 2921: 2882: 2878: 2823: 2819: 2796: 2792: 2786: 2777: 2767: 2765: 2761: 2746: 2740: 2736: 2697: 2688: 2678: 2676: 2669:Popular Science 2661: 2648: 2638: 2636: 2625: 2621: 2611: 2609: 2608:. July 26, 2007 2600: 2599: 2595: 2585: 2583: 2572: 2568: 2559: 2558: 2554: 2544: 2542: 2534: 2533: 2529: 2519: 2517: 2506: 2502: 2495: 2481: 2477: 2467: 2465: 2452: 2451: 2447: 2433: 2429: 2422: 2406: 2399: 2389: 2387: 2378: 2377: 2373: 2358: 2351: 2341: 2339: 2331: 2330: 2326: 2316: 2314: 2306: 2305: 2301: 2296: 2253: 2248: 2246: 2243: 2190: 2179: 2173: 2170: 2159: 2147: 2136: 2127: 2118: 2109: 2100: 2086: 2062: 2056: 2040: 2034: 1889:pace/safety car 1840: 1834: 1829: 1680: 1674: 1648:in Britain and 1626: 1605: 1582:Fernando Alonso 1569: 1555: 1512:off-road racing 1489: 1487:Off-road racing 1483: 1481:Off-road racing 1431: 1427: 1426: 1416: 1412: 1411: 1406: 1402: 1401: 1393:launching at a 1371: 1365: 1349:Formula Renault 1300: 1290: 1288:One-make racing 1126: 1120: 1100: 1094: 1062:24 Hours of Spa 910:car, during an 878: 872: 860:Trans-Am Series 791:Opening lap of 785: 779: 759:Jonathan Palmer 674:. In 2009, the 652:Formula V6 Asia 552:Formula Student 499:Fernando Alonso 492: 484:Main articles: 482: 477: 371:Bill France Sr. 193:Albert Lemaître 186: 180: 140:(also known as 95:Characteristics 90:August 30, 1867 87:First contested 69: 45: 38: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6405: 6395: 6394: 6377: 6376: 6374: 6373: 6367: 6364: 6363: 6361: 6360: 6359: 6358: 6353: 6343: 6337: 6335: 6331: 6330: 6328: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6301: 6299: 6295: 6294: 6292: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6270: 6268: 6264: 6263: 6260: 6259: 6257: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6235: 6233: 6229: 6228: 6226: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6199: 6197: 6191: 6190: 6188: 6187: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6161: 6159: 6153: 6152: 6145: 6143: 6141: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6105: 6103:Formula racing 6100: 6094: 6092: 6083: 6077: 6076: 6074: 6073: 6071:Speed climbing 6067: 6065: 6059: 6058: 6056: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6039: 6037: 6031: 6030: 6028: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6001: 5999: 5993: 5992: 5990: 5989: 5987:Cycle speedway 5984: 5979: 5969: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5948: 5946: 5944:Bicycle racing 5940: 5939: 5937: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5896: 5890: 5888: 5882: 5881: 5878: 5877: 5875: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5848: 5846: 5842: 5841: 5839: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5812: 5810: 5806: 5805: 5803: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5781: 5779: 5773: 5772: 5765: 5763: 5761: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5729: 5727: 5718: 5712: 5711: 5704: 5703: 5696: 5689: 5681: 5672: 5671: 5665: 5662: 5661: 5659: 5658: 5651: 5644: 5637: 5630: 5623: 5618: 5612: 5610: 5606: 5605: 5603: 5602: 5595: 5588: 5581: 5574: 5567: 5564:1000 km Jarama 5560: 5553: 5546: 5539: 5537:Suzuka 1000 km 5534: 5532:Sepang 1000 km 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5508: 5506: 5502: 5501: 5499: 5498: 5490: 5489: 5483: 5481: 5477: 5476: 5474: 5473: 5467: 5465: 5461: 5460: 5458: 5457: 5450: 5443: 5436: 5429: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5376: 5374: 5370: 5369: 5367: 5366: 5359: 5352: 5345: 5338: 5331: 5324: 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3251: 3246: 3241: 3236: 3231: 3226: 3221: 3216: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3196: 3191: 3186: 3181: 3176: 3171: 3166: 3161: 3156: 3151: 3145: 3143: 3136: 3128: 3127: 3119: 3118: 3111: 3104: 3096: 3090: 3089: 3084: 3079: 3074: 3069: 3064: 3059: 3057:No Prep Racing 3054: 3049: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3029: 3024: 3019: 3014: 3009: 3004: 2998: 2997: 2993: 2992: 2978: 2977:External links 2975: 2972: 2971: 2945: 2919: 2886:Phys Sportsmed 2876: 2817: 2790: 2775: 2734: 2686: 2646: 2619: 2593: 2566: 2561:"Formula Ford" 2552: 2527: 2500: 2493: 2475: 2445: 2427: 2420: 2397: 2371: 2349: 2324: 2298: 2297: 2295: 2292: 2291: 2290: 2285: 2280: 2275: 2270: 2265: 2259: 2258: 2242: 2239: 2229:generate more 2192: 2191: 2150: 2148: 2141: 2135: 2134:Racing drivers 2132: 2126: 2123: 2117: 2114: 2108: 2105: 2099: 2096: 2085: 2082: 2058:Main article: 2055: 2052: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2026: 2024: 2021: 2013: 2012: 2009: 2006: 1998: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1984: 1983: 1980: 1977: 1969: 1968: 1966: 1963: 1955: 1954: 1952: 1949: 1941: 1940: 1938: 1935: 1927: 1926: 1922: 1919: 1911: 1910: 1907: 1904: 1896: 1895: 1892: 1880: 1872: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1857: 1856: 1853: 1850: 1836:Main article: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1827: 1822: 1817: 1812: 1807: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1777: 1772: 1767: 1762: 1757: 1752: 1747: 1742: 1737: 1732: 1727: 1722: 1717: 1712: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1692: 1687: 1681: 1673: 1670: 1656:racing to the 1622:Main article: 1604: 1601: 1565:Main article: 1554: 1551: 1485:Main article: 1482: 1479: 1377:Jet-propelled 1367:Main article: 1364: 1361: 1289: 1286: 1215:Xfinity Series 1148:Jimmie Johnson 1122:Main article: 1119: 1116: 1096:Main article: 1093: 1090: 995:Le Mans series 912:endurance race 874:Main article: 871: 868: 781:Main article: 778: 775: 749:Liverpool F.C. 621:IndyCar Series 598:street circuit 587:IndyCar Series 540:Hockenheimring 490:Open-wheel car 486:Formula racing 481: 478: 476: 473: 465:Eco Grand Prix 441:transformative 412:IMSA GT Series 375:Strictly Stock 279:entrance fee. 197:Peugeot Type 5 182:Main article: 179: 176: 156:involving the 133: 132: 126: 120: 119: 115: 114: 111: 107: 106: 103: 97: 96: 92: 91: 88: 84: 83: 78: 71: 70: 60: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6404: 6393: 6390: 6389: 6387: 6372: 6369: 6368: 6365: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6348: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6338: 6336: 6332: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6320:Speed skating 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6305:Alpine skiing 6303: 6302: 6300: 6298:Winter racing 6296: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6271: 6269: 6265: 6255: 6254:Street racing 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6236: 6234: 6230: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6200: 6198: 6196: 6192: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6162: 6160: 6158: 6154: 6149: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6095: 6093: 6091: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6078: 6072: 6069: 6068: 6066: 6064: 6060: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6040: 6038: 6036: 6032: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6020:Pigeon racing 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6002: 6000: 5998: 5997:Animal racing 5994: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5977: 5973: 5972:Track cycling 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5962:Gravel racing 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5949: 5947: 5945: 5941: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5891: 5889: 5887: 5883: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5852:Tower running 5850: 5849: 5847: 5843: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5831:Trail running 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5813: 5811: 5807: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5795:Ultramarathon 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5785:Half marathon 5783: 5782: 5780: 5778: 5774: 5769: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5730: 5728: 5726: 5725:Track running 5722: 5719: 5717: 5713: 5709: 5702: 5697: 5695: 5690: 5688: 5683: 5682: 5679: 5669: 5663: 5657: 5656: 5652: 5650: 5649: 5645: 5643: 5642: 5638: 5636: 5635: 5631: 5629: 5628: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5613: 5611: 5607: 5601: 5600: 5596: 5594: 5593: 5592:1000 km Paris 5589: 5587: 5586: 5582: 5580: 5579: 5575: 5573: 5572: 5568: 5566: 5565: 5561: 5559: 5558: 5554: 5552: 5551: 5547: 5545: 5544: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5522:Bathurst 1000 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5509: 5507: 5503: 5497: 5496: 5492: 5491: 5488: 5485: 5484: 5482: 5478: 5472: 5469: 5468: 5466: 5462: 5456: 5455: 5451: 5449: 5448: 5444: 5442: 5441: 5437: 5435: 5434: 5430: 5428: 5427: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5377: 5375: 5371: 5365: 5364: 5360: 5358: 5357: 5353: 5351: 5350: 5346: 5344: 5343: 5339: 5337: 5336: 5332: 5330: 5329: 5325: 5323: 5322: 5318: 5316: 5315: 5311: 5309: 5308: 5304: 5302: 5301: 5297: 5295: 5294: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5224: 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Founded in 307: 303: 299: 295: 290: 288: 286: 280: 278: 274: 272: 271: 263: 261: 259: 258:Le Vélocipède 253: 248: 246: 242: 238: 231:track in 2007 230: 225: 218: 214: 209: 202: 198: 194: 190: 185: 175: 172: 170: 165: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 143: 139: 130: 127: 125: 121: 116: 112: 108: 104: 102: 98: 93: 89: 85: 82: 79: 77: 72: 68: 64: 58: 53: 47: 43: 36: 29: 22: 6279:Sandboarding 6274:Longboarding 6267:Board racing 6185:Track racing 6165:Beach racing 6138:Truck racing 6089: 6081:Motor racing 6015:Horse racing 6005:Camel racing 5886:Orienteering 5826:Fell running 5777:Road running 5758:Steeplechase 5667: 5653: 5646: 5641:Targa Florio 5639: 5632: 5625: 5597: 5590: 5583: 5576: 5569: 5562: 5555: 5548: 5541: 5495:Mille Miglia 5493: 5452: 5445: 5438: 5431: 5424: 5361: 5354: 5347: 5340: 5333: 5326: 5319: 5312: 5305: 5298: 5291: 5208: 5201: 5136: 5129: 5122: 5115: 5108: 5065: 5058: 5051: 5037: 5030: 4984:Spa 24 Hours 4877:Trophy truck 4784:Pro Modified 4312:Group Rally5 4307:Group Rally4 4302:Group Rally3 4297:Group Rally2 4292:Group Rally1 4287:Groups Rally 4169:Street Stock 3908:Stock Series 3893:NGTC (TCN-1) 3482:Formula Asia 3411:USF Pro 2000 3204:Formula Ford 3174:Formula 1000 3123: 2962:. 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Retrieved 2311: 2302: 2223:formula cars 2216: 2209: 2202: 2195: 2180: 2171: 2160:Please help 2155:verification 2152: 2128: 2119: 2110: 2101: 2087: 2084:Aerodynamics 2066:racing setup 2063: 2060:Racing setup 2041: 1841: 1838:Racing flags 1832:Use of flags 1745:Hillclimbing 1725:Eco-Marathon 1660:for classic 1654:Austin Seven 1639: 1627: 1590: 1586:Wayne Rainey 1570: 1544: 1536:Robby Gordon 1509: 1468: 1453: 1399: 1301: 1283: 1280: 1273: 1261: 1254: 1247: 1223:pickup truck 1203:Southern 500 1188: 1173: 1105: 1101: 1078:Road Atlanta 1051: 1047: 1020: 991: 972: 947: 916: 849: 806: 798: 752: 734: 727: 719: 711:Road to Indy 698:Formula Ford 691: 684: 680:Formula Ford 640:Formula 3000 633: 618: 595: 568: 518:Dallara DW12 501:driving the 438: 424: 409: 398: 383: 368: 357: 351: 346: 341: 337: 331:(ACO). Team 322: 294:Targa Florio 291: 284: 281: 266: 264: 255: 249: 241:Old Trafford 234: 217:Paris-Madrid 173: 166: 149: 146:motor racing 145: 141: 137: 136: 46: 6392:Auto racing 6289:Street luge 6108:Kart racing 6098:Drag racing 6090:Auto racing 5957:Cyclo-cross 5857:Racewalking 5042: [ 5012: [ 4953:Automobile 4812:Competition 4794:Super Stock 4765:Top Alcohol 4247:Superstocks 4164:Super Stock 4036:Diesel 2000 3918:Top Race V6 3898:TCR (TCN-2) 3709:Radical Cup 3648:spec racing 3572:Palmer Audi 3421:USF Juniors 3224:Formula Vee 3124:auto racing 3122:Classes of 2806:: 146–151. 2757:: 192–207. 2639:October 25, 2586:February 8, 2074:suspensions 1795:Road racing 1775:Mud bogging 1765:Mini Sprint 1662:Formula One 1631:road racing 1574:kart racing 1567:Kart racing 1553:Kart racing 1547:Paris-Dakar 1441:Wally Parks 1369:Drag racing 1363:Drag racing 1353:Formula BMW 1298:Spec racing 1262:In the UK, 1199:Daytona 500 1180:oval tracks 919:sports cars 889:Silverstone 722:Formula SAE 707:Indy Lights 694:kart racing 602:race tracks 583:Formula One 579:road racing 388:, with the 201:Paris–Rouen 199:3hp in the 162:automobiles 138:Auto racing 50:Auto racing 35:Racing Cars 6239:Air racing 6180:Rally raid 5982:BMX racing 5836:Skyrunning 5748:Relay race 5480:1000 miles 4867:Rallycross 4862:Dune buggy 4710:Appendix K 4406:prototypes 4385:Super 2000 4380:Super 1600 4319:Group R-GT 4237:V8 Hotstox 4112:Late model 4082:car racing 4051:Superstars 4031:Super 2000 3949:Appendix J 3873:car racing 3467:Barber Pro 2675:(4): 50–51 2612:August 11, 2520:August 20, 2294:References 2278:Race track 2098:Suspension 2076:, brakes, 2036:See also: 1885:Safety car 1790:Rallycross 1750:Ice racing 1676:See also: 1666:auto sport 1471:head start 1357:farm teams 1294:One-Design 1292:See also: 1209:, and the 985:, and the 833:Super 2000 745:A.C. Milan 644:GP2 Series 612:, and the 571:open-wheel 522:Pippa Mann 475:Categories 353:Brooklands 229:Brooklands 154:motorsport 142:car racing 63:stock cars 6356:Aquathlon 6346:Triathlon 6170:Motocross 5924:Rogaining 5733:Sprinting 5527:Baja 1000 4872:Autocross 4786:(Pro Mod) 4778:Pro Stock 4757:Funny Car 4232:BriSCA F2 4227:BriSCA F1 4122:Modifieds 3913:Supercars 3856:Superkart 3764:Dacia Cup 3686:Lotus Cup 3532:Lightning 3194:Formula E 2964:April 11, 2729:110554353 2545:August 8, 2514:USA Today 2235:Formula 1 2231:downforce 2032:Accidents 1690:Autograss 1685:Autocross 1593:superkart 1520:Baja 1000 1502:during a 1500:Hummer H3 1395:dragstrip 1333:Caterhams 793:2012 WTCC 757:champion 755:Formula 2 636:Formula 2 575:downforce 550:The 2017 461:Formula E 449:champions 298:endurance 101:Mixed-sex 6386:Category 6351:Duathlon 6325:Sledding 6063:Climbing 6035:Swimming 5790:Marathon 5753:Hurdling 5655:The 2904 5148:10 hours 5077:12 hours 4962:24 hours 4902:Group T5 4897:Group T4 4892:Group T3 4887:Group T2 4882:Group T1 4857:Baja Bug 4849:Off-road 4831:Modified 4751:Dragster 4746:Top Fuel 4607:Trans-Am 4528:IMSA GTP 4511:Group CN 4448:Clubmans 4272:Rallying 4242:Hot Rods 3871:Touring 3861:Electric 3645:One-make 3541:Masters 3505:Chrysler 3486:Formula 3396:Indy NXT 3372:formulae 3369:One-make 2914:22425278 2906:25419891 2871:29121090 2831:PLOS ONE 2759:Archived 2633:Jalopnik 2606:NHRA.com 2540:Red Bull 2342:July 27, 2241:See also 2221:because 2219:g-forces 2198:sponsors 2091:diffuser 2070:handling 1735:Folkrace 1635:rallying 1616:Monterey 1542:series. 1526:such as 1496:Rod Hall 1423:dragster 1379:dragster 1329:Ginettas 1325:Clio Cup 1259:(ARCA). 1136:for the 1023:Grand-Am 1001:and the 983:Super GT 941:and the 904:Audi R18 837:Super GT 823:and the 453:pandemic 381:, U.S.. 252:gasoline 118:Presence 74:Highest 5872:Parkour 5716:Running 5668:italics 5505:1000 km 5464:2 hours 5373:4 Hours 5220:6 hours 5185:8 hours 5169:9 hours 4835:Pro FWD 4827:Top Gas 4820:Defunct 4808:Altered 4759:(TF/FC) 4643:Group D 4638:Group B 4633:Group 5 4628:Group 4 4623:Group 3 4616:Defunct 4567:touring 4506:Group C 4501:Group A 4496:Group 7 4491:Group 6 4486:Group 5 4481:Group 4 4476:Group 3 4457:Defunct 4404:Sports 4370:Group R 4365:Group N 4360:Group S 4355:Group B 4350:Group A 4345:Group 4 4340:Group 2 4335:Group 1 4328:Defunct 4183:Defunct 4137:Xfinity 4117:Legends 4026:Class 2 4021:Class 1 4016:Group S 4004:Group N 3999:Group H 3994:Group G 3989:Group F 3984:Group E 3979:Group C 3974:Group A 3969:Group 5 3964:Group 2 3959:Group 1 3942:Defunct 3823:Karting 3727:Defunct 3672:Fun Cup 3525:Hyundai 3462:Auto GP 3445:Defunct 3416:USF2000 3268:Defunct 3249:BOSS GP 3229:IndyCar 3132:Formula 2862:5679571 2839:Bibcode 2709:Bibcode 2440:Autocar 2384:Gallica 2212:fitness 1475:dial-in 1430:⁄ 1415:⁄ 1405:⁄ 1276:Bangers 1154:in the 1108:Group N 885:FIA GT1 819:(DTM), 717:racer. 715:IndyCar 625:F1 cars 467:or the 405:Winston 386:GT cars 333:Ferrari 306:Palermo 178:History 152:) is a 124:Olympic 5976:Keirin 5800:Ekiden 5708:Racing 4907:Truggy 4753:(TF/D) 4739:Active 4731:racing 4673:LM GTE 4575:Active 4565:Grand 4414:Active 4280:Active 4195:AUSCAR 4157:Mexico 4147:Canada 4127:NASCAR 4090:Active 4080:Stock 4056:V8Star 3933:TC2000 3881:Active 3655:Active 3562:Nissan 3550:Russia 3537:Maruti 3490:Abarth 3379:Active 3209:FF1600 3142:Active 3134:racing 2912: 2904: 2869: 2859: 2727: 2491: 2418: 2125:Engine 2116:Brakes 1805:Slalom 1618:, 2008 1516:desert 1339:, and 1241:, and 1205:, the 1201:, the 1191:NASCAR 1068:, the 1056:, the 827:. The 585:, the 542:, 2008 463:, the 302:Sicily 158:racing 6232:Other 5845:Other 5609:Other 5046:] 5016:] 4729:Drag 4602:GT300 4597:GT500 4551:S2000 4521:GC-21 4190:ASCAR 4142:Truck 3954:BTC-T 3626:S5000 3582:Rolon 3557:Mazda 3545:China 3520:Swift 3510:König 3280:F5000 3275:F3000 3239:S5000 2910:S2CID 2788:2016. 2762:(PDF) 2747:(PDF) 2725:S2CID 2107:Tyres 1849:Flag 1498:in a 277:franc 148:, or 61:Many 4780:(PS) 4683:AAGT 4678:IMSA 4544:LMPC 4539:LMP1 4441:LMP3 4436:LMP2 4421:LMDh 4219:Oval 4200:IROC 4097:ARCA 4066:WTCR 4061:WTCC 4046:ETCR 3888:BTCC 3594:2.0L 3495:Alfa 3472:CFGP 3452:A1GP 3169:F600 2966:2013 2940:2013 2902:PMID 2867:PMID 2770:2019 2681:2019 2641:2018 2614:2010 2588:2009 2547:2018 2522:2008 2489:ISBN 2470:2013 2416:ISBN 2392:2019 2344:2016 2319:2019 2225:and 1644:and 1580:and 1506:race 1391:AMCs 1351:and 1341:MX5s 1337:BMWs 1309:IROC 1296:and 1217:and 1112:IMSA 1037:and 1015:LMDh 1013:and 967:IMSA 965:and 956:and 906:, a 902:The 893:2011 850:The 841:JGTC 747:and 670:and 650:and 642:and 600:and 589:and 581:are 516:The 488:and 445:cars 410:The 310:1906 292:The 287:race 239:and 219:1903 213:Mors 110:Type 4790:Gas 4703:GTX 4698:GTU 4693:GTS 4688:GTO 4592:GT4 4587:GT2 4582:GT3 4534:LMP 4469:DPi 4431:LMP 4426:LMH 4205:SRX 4132:Cup 4041:DTM 4009:Aus 3851:KZ2 3846:KZ1 3841:KF3 3836:KF2 3831:KF1 3611:GP3 3606:GP2 3577:RUS 3515:LGB 3500:BMW 3477:FA1 3406:SRF 3300:FCJ 3219:GB3 2894:doi 2857:PMC 2847:doi 2808:doi 2717:doi 2673:268 2164:by 1633:to 1510:In 1359:). 1221:(a 1166:An 1076:at 1011:LMH 1007:LMP 958:GT2 954:GT4 950:GT3 891:in 887:at 854:'s 845:GT3 767:FIA 737:FIA 662:), 505:at 447:it 362:in 215:in 160:of 105:Yes 81:FIA 6388:: 5044:fr 5014:es 4516:GC 4464:DP 4375:R5 3164:F4 3159:F3 3154:F2 3149:F1 2957:. 2930:. 2908:. 2900:. 2890:42 2888:. 2865:. 2855:. 2845:. 2835:12 2833:. 2829:. 2804:10 2802:. 2778:^ 2755:38 2753:. 2749:. 2723:. 2715:. 2705:52 2703:. 2689:^ 2671:. 2667:. 2649:^ 2631:. 2604:. 2578:. 2538:. 2512:. 2456:. 2400:^ 2382:. 2364:. 2352:^ 2335:. 2310:. 2050:. 1614:, 1477:. 1466:. 1451:. 1335:, 1331:, 1327:, 1323:, 1319:, 1271:. 1245:. 1237:, 1233:, 1186:. 1060:, 997:, 981:, 977:, 952:, 815:, 773:. 732:. 682:. 666:, 471:. 247:. 144:, 5978:) 5974:( 5700:e 5693:t 5686:v 4946:e 4939:t 4932:v 3434:3 3429:2 3115:e 3108:t 3101:v 2968:. 2942:. 2916:. 2896:: 2873:. 2849:: 2841:: 2814:. 2810:: 2772:. 2731:. 2719:: 2711:: 2683:. 2643:. 2616:. 2590:. 2563:. 2549:. 2524:. 2497:. 2472:. 2424:. 2394:. 2346:. 2321:. 2187:) 2181:( 2176:) 2172:( 2158:. 1883:( 1456:g 1432:4 1428:1 1417:8 1413:1 1407:4 1403:1 1158:. 203:. 44:. 37:. 30:. 23:.

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