460:
importation before 1922. He suggested that if the
Prohibition Unit wanted to pay for the crews and costs of operation of nine Coast Guard-operated 110 ft (34 m) submarine chasers, that the Coast Guard would then be interested in more enforcement of the prohibition laws. Reynolds requested in his 1923 budget proposals an increase in personnel manning levels of 3,535 officers and men and the acquisition of twenty new cutters, 200 cabin cruisers, and 91 motorboats Congress thought the request was excessive, but did fund twenty destroyers and two minesweepers as well as 223 cabin cruisers, and 100 smaller motorboats with an additional 4,356 officers and men to operate the vessels. The destroyers and minesweepers were surplus World War I Navy vessels and Congress felt that the older vessels could be overhauled cheaper than new cutters. In addition, some of the officers to command the vessels were given temporary promotions, but without an increase in pay and allowances.
31:
390:
very successful even with the offer of one year enlistments and greatly increased recruiting activity. Because the enlisted Coast
Guardsmen could only be held in service for three months after a formal peace treaty was signed with Germany, many of them felt they were being unfairly treated. When a peace treaty was signed, problems would be compounded by those left in the service because the pay schedules would revert to a law passed in 1908 that covered pay for the Coast Guard when not assigned to the Navy. Disciplinary problems increased during this period and were not completely solved by legislation enacted in May 1920 that equalized pay with Navy pay schedules.
257:. On 31 January 1903 Reynolds was promoted to captain. Under his leadership, the School of Instruction added a third year of training, adding to the curriculum more science and mathematics. At the direction of Congress the school provided for the appointment of cadet engineers for a six-month training program. Candidates were to have had at least six months practical experience in marine engineering and upon graduation they filled positions as second assistant engineers. To help with the training of engineers, Reynolds requested that the
1192:
394:
asking the Navy to allow some of their new graduates from the Naval
Academy to transfer to the Coast Guard. The Navy claimed they needed all of the graduates for their manning problems, so no transfers were made. Because of the shortage of personnel, six cutters of the Atlantic fleet had to be decommissioned in order to man the cutters assigned to the Bering Sea Patrol.
509:
489:
since the commandant already held the highest pay grade in the Coast Guard, which was equivalent to a Navy rear admiral (lower half) when
Reynolds retired on January 11, 1924, upon reaching the statutory age limit of 64. The pay of the commandant was raised to that of a Navy rear admiral (upper half)
389:
Serious personnel problems developed during the first years of
Reynolds' tenure as commandant. Most of the enlistments in the Coast Guard made during World War I were voluntary and most of the men wanted discharged from the service as soon as possible. Efforts to replace discharged personnel were not
595:
with the United States
Revenue Cutter Service. On that date the newly formed service had 25 sea-going cutters and 19 harbor tugs and launches and 270 stations. The bill authorized 4,093 officers, warrant officers, and enlisted men. The service also consisted of one headquarters at Washington, D.C.,
551:
References used in this article do not indicate where
Reynolds was assigned from April 1888 to April 1889. It was common practice through this period to send officers home "awaiting orders", although there is no evidence that this was the case. There are also no records for Reynolds assignments for
341:
As the most senior officer after the
Captain Commandant of the Coast Guard, Reynolds had the strong recommendation of Bertholf to succeed him as Captain Commandant. Bertholf wanted to retire, but was hesitant to do so because the Navy wanted to retain the control over the Coast Guard that they had
459:
created a
Prohibition Unit within the bureau, but he did not include the Coast Guard in the unit's makeup. Because the Coast Guard was not a part of the Prohibition Unit and Congress did not appropriate funds for the Coast Guard to use in prohibition enforcement, Reynolds did little to stop liquor
380:
to accomplish a transfer to the Navy. Many Coast Guard officers felt they had better pay and advancement opportunities if they were transferred to the Navy and they actively supported the legislation by drumming up support for it through shipping trade organizations. The legislation was ultimately
320:
indicated that he was going to retire in 1911 because of ill health, speculation as to who would succeed him as
Captain Commandant became a campaign by several senior officers in the Revenue Cutter Service. Although he didn't actively seek the position, Reynolds name was mentioned a possibility by
431:
were designed for use in law enforcement, ice patrol, search and rescue, derelict destruction and towing and used newly developed steam powered turbo-electric drives that were similar to the Navy's main drive engines used on battleships of the period, however they were more compact because of the
402:
Because of the requirements necessary to help the Navy during World War I, many of the cutters acquired during the 1890s were outdated and unable to perform the missions the Navy envisioned for them during time of war. In addition, the Coast Guard had lost three cutters to enemy action during the
332:
on 6 April 1917, Senior Captain Reynolds was commanding the Coast Guard's southern division at San Francisco. He was directed to report to the Commander, Twelfth Naval District for assignment where he was put in charge of harbor patrols for the district but also retained his old assignment. On 11
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A shortage of officers occurred post war despite a law requiring the Coast Guard to adopt the Navy's rank structure. The problem was that temporary wartime officer promotions were to be rescinded in 1921 leaving many to be reduced in rank. Reynolds attempted to reduce the shortage of officers by
484:
The same law that promoted Reynolds to rear admiral in 1923 also allowed Coast Guard officers to retire with the rank and retired pay of the next higher grade if they had more than 40 years of service. Reynolds initially did not receive this
375:
As Commodore Commandant of the Coast Guard one of Reynolds first concerns was a renewed effort by the Navy to control the Coast Guard by congressional action and a bill was introduced by Pennsylvania Representative
403:
war. While construction was suspended on cutters designed before the war due to a lack of yard capacity, Reynolds did manage to fund the construction of four new truly "multi-mission" large cutters. The
161:, on 24 May 1878 and after two years training was commissioned as a third lieutenant on 17 July 1880. He was in the second class graduated from the School of Instruction. As a member of the crew of
381:
defeated through the efforts of the recently retired Bertholf, who had many political connections and Glass, who had resigned his Treasury position to accept appointment as Senator from Virginia.
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for a little more than one year, leaving on 19 May 1890. On 18 January 1896 Reynolds was promoted to first lieutenant. Coincidentally, on that same date, the court-martial of Captain
145:
should control the Coast Guard. Reynolds was able to guide the service through the difficulties of control and actually increased the number of vessels and men serving under him.
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who issued Executive Order 3160 on 28 August 1919 stating that "it is hereby directed that the Coast Guard shall on and after this date operate under the Treasury Department."
333:
September 1917, he was reassigned as the district chief of staff, in addition to his former assignments. He remained as district chief of staff for the remainder of the war.
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on 23 January 1909 and the southern division of the Pacific coast on 6 April 1917. Existing records have no indication of his assignments for the intervening eight years.
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in 1930, and when a 1936 law provided the retired pay of that grade for every former commandant except Reynolds, he petitioned for his tombstone promotion, which the
253:
On 6 November 1902 Reynolds assumed the assignment of superintendent of the Revenue Cutter Service School of Instruction and the command of the training cutter USRC
561:
Senior captain would have been equivalent to a Navy commander. A Revenue Cutter Service captain was equivalent in rank to a Navy lieutenant commander at that time.
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training vessel. Reynolds commanded her on her initial training cruise to the Mediterranean during the summer of 1907. On 23 January 1909, as captain of
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The retired pay was the same for a rear admiral (upper half) and a vice admiral, a rank created in the Coast Guard for the incumbent commandant,
455:, the enforcement of national prohibition after 16 January 1920 fell to the Treasury Department's Bureau of Internal Revenue. Treasury Secretary
368:
With a recommendation by Bertholf, Glass appointed Reynolds as Captain Commandant. Reynolds assumed command of the Coast Guard with the rank of
129:
and its successor agency, the United States Coast Guard. He took an active interest in the education of officers as superintendent of the
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220:, and Reynolds had been appointed as prosecuting officer. He was successful and Healy was convicted on all charges on 5 March 1896.
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be replaced with a more modern steam powered cutter. During Reynolds' tenure at the school, a new training cutter was acquired;
197:
as one of the instructors at the school. On 1 June 1885 Reynolds was promoted to second lieutenant. He remained assigned to the
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when he served as Commandant was one of manpower shortages and personnel problems as well as questions about whether the
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30:
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eventually granted in December 1941, along with additional retired pay for the six years prior to his petition.
940:"Statutory Construction—General And Specific Provisions—Pay—Retired—Coast Guard Commandant (19 Comp. Gen. 293)"
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491:
115:
103:
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signed Senate Bill 2337 on 28 January 1915 creating the United States Coast Guard through the merger of the
125:
During the early part of his military career, Reynolds spent much of his time aboard various vessels in the
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On 12 January 1923, by act of Congress, Reynolds became the first Coast Guard officer to hold the rank of
191:
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50:
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157:. He was appointed at age eighteen as a cadet to the Revenue Cutter Service School of Instruction at
119:
75:
472:. He retired as Commandant of the Coast Guard on 11 January 1924, and was succeeded by Rear Admiral
302:
224:
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922:"Report No. 1494: Adjustment on the Retired List of the Coast Guard of William Edward Reynolds"
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References used in this article do not indicate where Reynolds was assigned when he left USRC
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effective 2 October 1919. He replaced Bertholf who had retired from the service on 30 June.
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964:. Vol. XCV. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1942. pp. 160–179.
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169:
158:
946:. Vol. 19. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1940. pp. 293–300.
190:
On 24 December 1884 Reynolds reported aboard the School of Instruction's training cutter,
8:
1000:"Record of Movements: Vessels of the United States Coast Guard, 1790 – December 31, 1933"
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limited engineering spaces on the smaller cutters. In addition to the large cutters,
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using a sled team. On 12 August 1881 he was a member of the expedition which claimed
1046:
Guardians of the Sea, History of the United States Coast Guard, 1915 to the Present
514:
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206:
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for conduct unbecoming of an officer and hazarding the safety of his vessel, the
316:. On 9 July 1909 Reynolds was promoted to senior captain. As Captain Commandant
588:
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168:, in 1881, he participated in the search for the missing exploration steamer
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until the beginning of World War I. It is known that he was commanding the
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93:
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329:
134:
928:. Vol. A. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1938.
527:
1128:"Historical Register U.S. Revenue Cutter Service Officers, 1790–1914"
321:
other senior captains, but eventually the campaign by Senior Captain
1090:
Commodore Ellsworth P. Bertholf: First Commandant of the Coast Guard
439:, a 158 ft (48 m) ocean-going tug was added to the fleet.
239:
176:
523:
Discussion of Navy control of the Coast Guard after World War I.
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guarded the submarine telegraph cable that ran from Key West to
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133:
by increasing and modernizing the curriculum. The period after
114:(11 January 1860 – 25 January 1944) served as the fifth
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The Coast Guard Expands, 1865–1915: New Roles, New Frontiers
958:"William E. Reynolds v. The United States (95 C. Cls. 160)"
349:
actively sought control at committee hearings in Congress.
653:
634:"William E. Reynolds", U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office
201:
until 21 April 1888. On 15 April 1889, he returned to the
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Cases Decided in the Court of Claims of the United States
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Decisions of the Comptroller General of the United States
16:
Commandant of the United States Coast Guard (1860 - 1944)
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American military personnel of the Spanish–American War
692:
683:
449:
Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
1166:
Alaska and the U.S. Revenue Cutter Service, 1867–1915
504:
234:
in the North Atlantic Fleet under Navy Rear Admiral
1164:Strobridge, Truman R. and Dennis L. Noble (1999).
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1043:
596:17 regional commands, four depots and one academy.
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1109:The Coast Guard in World War I: An Untold Story
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1168:. Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland.
1111:. Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland.
1092:. Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland.
1073:. Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland.
1050:. Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland.
662:
312:with the rescue of passengers and crew of the
1264:United States Revenue Cutter Service officers
1259:Commandants of the United States Coast Guard
980:"B-3616, AUGUST 28, 1939, 19 COMP. GEN. 293"
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131:Revenue Cutter Service School of Instruction
1155:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1009:. U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office. 1989
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1274:American military personnel of World War I
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1007:U.S. Coast Guard Cutters & Craft Index
926:Senate Reports, 75th Congress, 3rd Session
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183:for the United States while searching for
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227:, Reynolds was serving as captain of the
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1299:20th-century American military personnel
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1137:. U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office
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1029:. U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office
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1027:Commandants of the U.S. Coast Guard
286:, he responded to the collision of
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1279:United States Coast Guard admirals
984:Legal Decisions & Bid Protests
451:and the enabling law known as the
14:
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593:United States Life-Saving Service
216:, by being intoxicated; began in
207:Michael "Hell Roaring Mike" Healy
1289:Military personnel from Maryland
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659:Strobridge and Noble, pp 119–120
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680:Record of Movements, pp 178–186
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497:Reynolds died 25 January 1944.
328:When the United States entered
1042:Johnson, Robert Irwin (1987).
668:Strobridge and Noble, pp 78–80
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1:
1221:Commandant of the Coast Guard
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104:Commandant of the Coast Guard
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175:along the northern coast of
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698:Strobridge and Noble, p 174
689:Strobridge and Noble, p 168
500:
356:finally met with President
155:Montgomery County, Maryland
51:Montgomery County, Maryland
10:
1320:
1088:Kroll, C. Douglas (2002).
297:with the Italian liner SS
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351:Secretary of the Treasury
218:San Francisco, California
120:United States Coast Guard
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76:United States Coast Guard
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1126:Noble (1990), Dennis L.
1107:Larzelere, Alex (2003).
1065:King, Irving H. (1996).
533:
447:With the passage of the
303:Nantucket, Massachusetts
301:, 26 miles southeast of
223:At the beginning of the
342:gained during the war.
112:William Edward Reynolds
23:William Edward Reynolds
127:Revenue Cutter Service
1214:Ellsworth P. Bertholf
1135:Coast Guard Personnel
1023:"William E. Reynolds"
344:Secretary of the Navy
323:Ellsworth P. Bertholf
153:Reynolds was born in
149:Early life and career
122:, from 1919 to 1924.
82:Years of service
1231:Frederick C. Billard
1199:at Wikimedia Commons
480:Retirement and death
474:Frederick C. Billard
225:Spanish–American War
159:Curtis Bay, Maryland
1197:William E. Reynolds
487:tombstone promotion
476:, his former aide.
398:Fleet modernization
139:Treasury Department
917:Russell R. Waesche
385:Personnel problems
277:U.S. Naval Academy
236:William T. Sampson
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1228:Succeeded by
1206:Military offices
1195:Media related to
1175:978-1-55750-845-4
1118:978-1-55750-476-0
1099:978-1-55750-474-6
1080:978-1-55750-458-6
1057:978-0-87021-720-3
919:, in March 1942.
876:Johnson, pp 79–80
855:Johnson, pp 64–66
825:Johnson, pp 61–62
786:Johnson, pp 57–58
777:Kroll, pp 130–131
364:The Campbell bill
240:Key West, Florida
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1033:21 December
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752:King, p 240
707:King, p 120
650:Noble, p 59
443:Prohibition
434:USCGC
426:USCGC
419:USCGC
412:USCGC
405:USCGC
330:World War I
275:, a former
238:. Based at
135:World War I
1243:Categories
1225:1919–1924
990:16 October
587:President
528:Rum Patrol
337:Commandant
288:White Star
116:Commandant
44:1860-01-11
604:Citations
539:Footnotes
464:Promotion
370:commodore
185:Jeannette
172:Jeannette
85:1878–1924
1151:cite web
501:See also
314:Republic
294:Republic
272:Bancroft
100:Commands
70:Service/
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309:Gresham
299:Florida
177:Siberia
141:or the
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283:Seneca
265:Itasca
244:McLane
165:Corwin
72:branch
53:, U.S.
1131:(PDF)
1003:(PDF)
534:Notes
428:Modoc
414:Haida
407:Tampa
307:USRC
281:USRC
263:USRC
259:Chase
255:Chase
229:USRC
211:USRC
203:Chase
199:Chase
192:USRC
163:USRC
1170:ISBN
1157:link
1143:2013
1113:ISBN
1094:ISBN
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1035:2021
1015:2024
992:2013
270:USS
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170:USS
90:Rank
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38:Born
292:SS
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